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1157:. In the 1280s, the Livonian Order started a massive campaign against the Semigallians, which included burning their fields and thus causing famine. The Semigallians continued their resistance until 1290, when they burned their last castle in Sidrabene, and a large number of Semigallians. The
1358:(Viesturs). Upon uniting hostile Semigallian clans into a single state in the early 13th century, Viestards formed an alliance with the German crusaders to defeat his enemies on the outside. After the crusaders broke the treaty and invaded his lands, he allied with
1091:
In 1219, the
Semigallian-German alliance was canceled after a crusader invasion in Semigallia. Duke Viestards promptly formed an alliance with Lithuanians and Curonians. In 1228, Semigallians and
1401:
What is known with certainty, however, is that by the end of the 1270s, a new powerful leader had emerged who achieved several major victories over German crusaders in
Zemgale and East Prussia.
1373:
The
Semigallians in the context of the other Baltic tribes, c. 1200. The Eastern Balts are shown in brown hues while the Western Balts are shown in green. The boundaries are approximate.
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monastery, the main crusader stronghold at the
Daugava river delta. The crusaders took revenge and invaded Semigallia. The Semigallians, in turn, pillaged land around the
480:
1470:БЕЛАРУСКАЯ ЛІТАРАТУРА X — XV стст. / Укладанне, прадмова, каментарыі, пераклад на беларускую мову і адаптацыя І.В.Саверчанкі. — Мінск: Беларус. навука, 2010. — 410 с.
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and plundered nearby lands. As they returned to
Semigallia they were caught by the Order's forces, and the great battle began near the Garoza river (
663:
1332:
1285:
863:
1289:
995:
761:
751:
1039:
At the start of German conquests
Semigallian lands were divided in Upmale, Dobele, Spārnene, Dobe, Rakte, Silene and Tērvete chieftaincies.
970:("low"). So the Semigallians were the "people of the northern borderlands" or "people of the low borderlands", i.e. the lower parts of the
1297:
1281:
1308:
Aukštadvaris, Dargužiai, Degesiai, Diržiai, Dovainiškis, Karašilis, Karpiškiai, Kauksnujai, Lauksodis, Liesai, Linkavičiai, Linksmučiai,
536:
1505:Žiemgaliai. The Semigallians. Baltic archaeological Exhibition Catalogue. Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus, Latvijas Vēstures muzejs, 2005
1498:Žiemgaliai. The Semigallians. Baltic archaeological Exhibition Catalogue. Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus, Latvijas Vēstures muzejs, 2005
1142:). The crusader forces were besieged and badly defeated. More than 40 knights were killed, including the master of the Livonian Order
1533:
1381:(Namejs, Nameitis), another renowned Semigallian leader, united Semigallian and Lithuanian tribes for a retaliatory counterattack on
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1483:
1197:
1213:
1146:, and an unknown number of crusader allies. It was the last Semigallian victory over the growing forces of the Livonian Order.
460:
766:
648:
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392:
100:
1523:
1256:, Berklainiai, Daujėnai, Kyburtai, Meldiniai, Noriai, Pamiškiai, Pamūšė, Skrebotiškis, Smilgeliai, Šakarniai, Vaidžiūnai
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Ciemalde, Diduļi, Eži, Gaideļi-Viduči, Kakužēni, Kalnaplāteri, Kraujas, Ķēķi, Mazgrauži, Pudžas, Rijnieki,
1153:, Grand Duke Traidenis of Lithuania supported a Semigallian revolt against the Livonian Order led by duke
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435:
68:
17:
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There is an unconfirmed theory that the
Semigallians were one of the first Baltic tribes to establish a
522:
137:
1339:), Kaupriai, Kybartiškė, Mažeikiai, Norušaičiai, Norvaišiai, Račiai, Ringuvėnai, Valdomai, Visdergiai
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1468:В том же 6614 (1106) лете победиша зимегола Всеславич. Всю братию и дружины убиша 9 тысящь. —
1528:
776:
283:
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1163:
claims 100,000 migrated to
Lithuania and once there continued to fight against the Germans.
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hillfort. In 1236, Semigallians attacked crusaders retreating to Riga after the
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killed. In 1287, around 1400 Semigallians attacked a crusader stronghold in
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in 1106. Russian chronicles claim that 9,000 Russian soldiers were killed.
962:. The -gal element means "border", while the first syllable corresponds to
311:
196:
919:. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German
1449:"..obtrivi Kurios vel quas alit Estia gentes, et populos, Semgalla, tuos"
1359:
1293:
1276:
Budraičiai, Daugalaičiai, Daunorava, Dvareliškiai, Ivoškiai, Jauneikiai,
1200:
mežniecība, Jāņogānas, Kaijukrogs, Ķūri, Lielogļi, Lozberģi, Oši, Skare,
932:
397:
157:
1321:
1277:
1083:
1028:
tried to subjugate the
Semigallians, they defeated the invading army of
1369:
1100:
1025:
987:
944:
621:
215:
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1201:
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1355:
1351:, yet one weak in comparison to the power of the Semigallian nobles.
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1420:
Foreword to the Past: A Cultural
History of the Baltic People
1176:Čapāni, Drenģeri-Čunkāni, Dumpji, Jumpravmuiža, Lielbertuši,
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908:
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1087:
Tērvete hillfort, main Semigallian centre in 13th. century.
931:. Semigallians had close linguistic and cultural ties with
911:
tribe that lived in the south central part of contemporary
1056:
before 1203, and received military support to hold back
1354:
One of the most notable Semigallian leaders was duke
1224:
Griezes dzirnavas, Kerkliņi, Priedīši, Rūsīši-Debeši
1107:, killing many of them. After regular attacks, the
1118:, together with Semigallians, attacked Livonia and
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1399:Das Zeugenverhör des Franciscus de Moliano (1312).
1130:, the Livonian Order was defeated, and its master
1509:Ilona Vaškevičiūtė. The Semigallian cultural area
1481:Ilona Vaškevičiūtė. The Semigallian cultural area
990:, the Semigallians were involved in battles with
1515:
1393:after 1281. Main sources for his activities are
1268:hillfort, Pavirvytė-Gudai, Šapnagiai, Viekšniai
704:Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1180:hillfort, Podiņi, Siliņi, Zeltiņi, Ziedoņskola
1060:attacks in 1205. In 1207, the Semigallian duke
1048:, Semigallians formed an alliance with bishop
1292:, Rukuižiai, Slėpsniai, Spirakiai, Stungiai,
1244:Semigallian archaeological sites in Lithuania
857:
530:
1167:Semigallian archaeological sites in Latvia
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1111:partly subdued the Semigallians in 1254.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1368:
1082:
1196:hillfort, Gailīši, Grīnerti, Guntiņas,
1072:) helped the christened Livonian chief
1020:, and the peoples of Semgala. When the
14:
1516:
1416:
1331:Daugėlaičiai, Gibaičiai, Jakštaičiai,
994:over control of the lower part of the
1423:. Central European University Press.
767:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
393:The First Latvian National Awakening
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1114:In 1270, the Lithuanian Grand Duke
947:appears in contemporary records as
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466:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
431:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
1534:Medieval ethnic groups of Europe
1417:Bojt r, Endre (1 January 1999).
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269:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
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486:2008 Latvian financial crisis
1288:, Linksmėnai, Martyniškiai,
1192:, Bāļas-Šķērstaiņi, Cibēni,
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1045:Livonian Chronicle of Henry
813:List of Lithuanian monarchs
808:List of rulers of Lithuania
481:Restoration of Independence
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1524:Medieval history of Latvia
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1539:Historical Baltic peoples
799:Coat of arms of Lithuania
762:1944 Soviet re-occupation
461:1944 Soviet re-occupation
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747:Independence declared
742:Lithuanian–Soviet War
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279:Archbishopric of Riga
1254:Ąžuolpamūšė hillfort
1151:Battle of Aizkraukle
1016:, all the tribes of
840:Lithuania portal
737:Wars of Independence
732:Kingdom of Lithuania
659:Kingdom of Lithuania
383:Courland Governorate
337:Polish–Swedish Wars
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54:improve this article
1149:In 1279, after the
1144:Willekin von Endorp
1132:Otto von Lutterberg
1080:from pagan rebels.
1052:against rebellious
1034:Rogvolod Vseslavich
664:Jagiellonian period
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372:National Awakening
350:Great Northern War
317:Kingdom of Livonia
1328:Šiauliai district
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43:This article
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1529:Gulf of Riga
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1435:Google Books
1433:– via
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1280:, Kalnelis (
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1128:gulf of Riga
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1012:crushed the
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943:The name of
942:
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896:
877:Semigallians
876:
875:
824:
789:Other topics
727:Russian rule
497:
312:Livonian War
231:Semigallians
230:
197:Baltic Finns
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
27:Baltic tribe
1360:Lithuanians
1097:Daugavgrīva
986:During the
933:Samogitians
927:during the
907:) were the
905:Semigalians
643:Middle ages
564:History of
398:New Current
243:Middle Ages
147:History of
18:Semigalians
1518:Categories
1405:References
1335:hillfort (
1333:Jurgaičiai
1318:Pašvitinys
1300:hillfort)
1286:Linkaičiai
1101:Aizkraukle
1058:Lithuanian
1026:Varangians
988:Viking Age
945:Semigallia
897:Zemgalians
893:Žiemgaliai
889:Lithuanian
825:Chronology
721:Modern era
622:Amber Road
584:Prehistory
498:Chronology
216:Latgalians
188:Amber Road
110:March 2009
80:newspapers
1366:in 1236.
1356:Viestards
1314:Pakruojis
1290:Rudiškiai
1264:Balsiai,
1204:hillfort
1188:Atvases,
1116:Traidenis
1093:Curonians
1062:Viestards
1054:Livonians
1014:Curonians
921:crusaders
917:Lithuania
901:Semigalls
615:Yotvingia
566:Lithuania
226:Selonians
221:Curonians
201:Livonians
1484:Archived
1379:Nameisis
1349:monarchy
1322:Žeimelis
1278:Joniškis
1155:Nameisis
1120:Saaremaa
949:Seimgala
555:a series
553:Part of
138:a series
136:Part of
1391:Prussia
1310:Linkuva
1298:Raktuvė
1282:Sidabrė
1202:Tērvete
1178:Mežotne
1136:Ikšķile
1030:Polotsk
1022:Rurikid
1018:Estonia
1010:Starkad
982:History
976:Lielupe
953:Zimgola
895:; also
885:Zemgaļi
881:Latvian
94:scholar
1427:
1294:Žagarė
1266:Papilė
1216:parks
1214:Vilces
1194:Dobele
960:gallen
913:Latvia
909:Baltic
557:on the
259:Tālava
149:Latvia
140:on the
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1456:8.8.9
1377:Duke
1074:Caupo
1066:Latin
998:. In
626:Aesti
211:Balts
205:Vends
192:Aesti
101:JSTOR
87:books
1425:ISBN
1397:and
1387:Riga
1198:Īles
1190:Auce
974:and
972:Mūša
964:ziem
955:and
939:Name
923:and
73:news
1385:at
968:zem
957:Sem
903:or
56:by
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