97:
number of differences between the people who choose to take the course and those who choose not to, such as motivation, socioeconomic status, or prior test-taking experience. Due to self-selection according to such factors, a significant difference in mean test scores could be observed between the two populations independent of any ability of the course to affect test scores. An outcome might be that those who elect to do the preparation course would have achieved higher scores in the actual test anyway. If the study measures an improvement in absolute test scores due to participation in the preparation course, they may be skewed to show a higher effect. A relative measure of 'improvement' might improve the reliability of the study somewhat, but only partially.
96:
more difficult. For example, when attempting to assess the effect of a test preparation course in increasing participant's test scores, significantly higher test scores might be observed among students who choose to participate in the preparation course itself. Due to self-selection, there may be a
84:, the problem arises for rather different reasons; thus there may be a purposeful intent on the part of respondents leading to self-selection bias whereas other types of selection bias may arise more inadvertently, possibly as the result of mistakes by those designing any given study.
46:. It is commonly used to describe situations where the characteristics of the people which cause them to select themselves in the group create abnormal or undesirable conditions in the group. It is closely related to the
858:
833:
863:
191:
77:
to describe the process by which specific predispositions may lead an offender to choose a criminal career and lifestyle.
162:
260:
100:
Self-selection bias causes problems for research about programs or products. In particular, self-selection affects
20:
205:
Jacobs, B., Hartog, J., Vijverberg, W. (2009) "Self-selection bias in estimated wage premiums for earnings risk",
50:, describing when the group of people responding has different responses than the group of people not responding.
935:
853:
663:
961:
956:
782:
668:
322:
317:
440:
776:
302:
906:
630:
430:
408:
930:
843:
725:
490:
470:
366:
43:
916:
600:
580:
361:
339:
183:
176:
155:
The Cult of
Statistical Significance: How the Standard Error Costs Us Jobs, Justice, and Lives
695:
610:
585:
530:
93:
648:
500:
376:
253:
124:
8:
803:
620:
555:
495:
485:
480:
344:
700:
685:
445:
435:
418:
101:
813:
750:
735:
658:
640:
575:
371:
287:
187:
158:
104:
of whether or not a given program has some effect, and complicates interpretation of
47:
35:
880:
740:
680:
605:
590:
450:
403:
312:
307:
292:
210:
115:
provides one of the earliest academic illustrations of the self-selection problem.
848:
838:
615:
595:
510:
413:
388:
383:
356:
334:
246:
105:
66:
890:
885:
875:
798:
715:
675:
625:
570:
560:
545:
540:
505:
460:
425:
329:
278:
226:
134:
81:
214:
966:
950:
828:
808:
771:
745:
730:
710:
690:
653:
565:
525:
520:
515:
393:
297:
129:
39:
232:
788:
550:
535:
705:
475:
465:
455:
351:
80:
While the effects of self-selection bias are closely related to those of
74:
823:
818:
793:
58:
27:
34:
arises in any situation in which individuals select themselves into a
911:
398:
178:
Olympic
Industry Resistance: Challenging Olympic Power and Propaganda
112:
62:
54:
870:
755:
69:. In such fields, a poll suffering from such bias is termed a
19:"Self-selection" redirects here. For the economic term, see
269:
238:
53:
Self-selection bias is a major problem in research in
175:
948:
182:. State University of New York Press. p.
254:
917:Heuristics in judgment and decision-making
261:
247:
173:
949:
92:Self-selection makes determination of
242:
153:Ziliak, S.T., McCloskey, D.N. (2008)
73:or "SLOP". The term is also used in
71:self-selected listener opinion poll
13:
14:
978:
220:
174:Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson (2008).
157:, University of Michigan Press.
21:Self-selection (labor economics)
167:
147:
87:
1:
140:
7:
783:DĂ©formation professionnelle
235:at the Skeptic's Dictionary
118:
10:
983:
777:Basking in reflected glory
268:
18:
925:
907:Cognitive bias mitigation
899:
764:
639:
276:
215:10.1007/s00181-008-0231-0
491:Illusion of transparency
44:nonprobability sampling
962:Sampling (statistics)
957:Design of experiments
859:Arab–Israeli conflict
586:Social influence bias
531:Out-group homogeneity
16:Type of sampling bias
501:Mere-exposure effect
431:Extrinsic incentives
377:Selective perception
125:Convenience sampling
726:Social desirability
621:von Restorff effect
496:Mean world syndrome
471:Hostile attribution
233:Self-selection bias
227:Self-selection bias
209:, 37 (2), 271–286.
207:Empirical Economics
32:self-selection bias
641:Statistical biases
419:Curse of knowledge
944:
943:
581:Social comparison
362:Choice-supportive
193:978-0-7914-7479-2
48:non-response bias
974:
741:Systematic error
696:Omitted-variable
611:Trait ascription
451:Frog pond effect
279:Cognitive biases
263:
256:
249:
240:
239:
198:
197:
181:
171:
165:
151:
982:
981:
977:
976:
975:
973:
972:
971:
947:
946:
945:
940:
921:
895:
760:
635:
616:Turkey illusion
384:Compassion fade
281:
272:
267:
223:
202:
201:
194:
172:
168:
152:
148:
143:
121:
106:market research
90:
67:social sciences
65:and many other
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
980:
970:
969:
964:
959:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
926:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
903:
901:
900:Bias reduction
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
876:Political bias
873:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
816:
811:
806:
804:Infrastructure
801:
796:
791:
786:
779:
774:
768:
766:
762:
761:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
721:Self-selection
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
672:
671:
661:
656:
651:
645:
643:
637:
636:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
556:Pro-innovation
553:
548:
543:
541:Overton window
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
422:
421:
411:
409:Dunning–Kruger
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
380:
379:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
348:
347:
337:
332:
327:
326:
325:
323:Correspondence
320:
318:Actor–observer
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
282:
277:
274:
273:
266:
265:
258:
251:
243:
237:
236:
230:
222:
221:External links
219:
218:
217:
200:
199:
192:
166:
145:
144:
142:
139:
138:
137:
135:Selection bias
132:
127:
120:
117:
89:
86:
82:selection bias
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
979:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
937:
934:
932:
928:
927:
924:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
902:
898:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:United States
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
829:False balance
827:
826:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
763:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
701:Participation
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
670:
669:Psychological
667:
666:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
644:
642:
638:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Fading affect
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
420:
417:
416:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
346:
343:
342:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
283:
280:
275:
271:
264:
259:
257:
252:
250:
245:
244:
241:
234:
231:
229:at Moneyterms
228:
225:
224:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:
195:
189:
185:
180:
179:
170:
164:
163:0-472-05007-9
160:
156:
150:
146:
136:
133:
131:
130:Sampling bias
128:
126:
123:
122:
116:
114:
109:
107:
103:
98:
95:
85:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
40:biased sample
37:
33:
29:
22:
814:In education
781:
765:Other biases
751:Verification
736:Survivorship
720:
686:Non-response
659:Healthy user
601:Substitution
576:Self-serving
372:Confirmation
340:Availability
288:Acquiescence
206:
177:
169:
154:
149:
110:
99:
91:
79:
70:
52:
38:, causing a
31:
25:
881:Publication
834:Vietnam War
681:Length time
664:Information
606:Time-saving
466:Horn effect
456:Halo effect
404:Distinction
313:Attribution
308:Attentional
88:Explanation
75:criminology
951:Categories
844:South Asia
819:Liking gap
631:In animals
596:Status quo
511:Negativity
414:Egocentric
389:Congruence
367:Commitment
357:Blind spot
345:Mean world
335:Automation
141:References
102:evaluation
59:psychology
28:statistics
912:Debiasing
891:White hat
886:Reporting
799:Inductive
716:Selection
676:Lead time
649:Estimator
626:Zero-risk
591:Spotlight
571:Restraint
561:Proximity
546:Precision
506:Narrative
461:Hindsight
446:Frequency
426:Emotional
399:Declinism
330:Authority
303:Anchoring
293:Ambiguity
113:Roy model
94:causation
63:economics
55:sociology
809:Inherent
772:Academic
746:Systemic
731:Spectrum
711:Sampling
691:Observer
654:Forecast
566:Response
526:Optimism
521:Omission
516:Normalcy
486:In-group
481:Implicit
394:Cultural
298:Affinity
119:See also
931:General
929:Lists:
864:Ukraine
789:Funding
551:Present
536:Outcome
441:Framing
936:Memory
849:Sweden
839:Norway
706:Recall
476:Impact
352:Belief
270:Biases
190:
161:
824:Media
794:FUTON
42:with
36:group
967:Bias
188:ISBN
159:ISBN
111:The
871:Net
756:Wet
211:doi
26:In
953::
186:.
184:56
108:.
61:,
57:,
30:,
262:e
255:t
248:v
213::
196:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.