270:
672:
315:
578:
75:
255:
611:
39:
499:
350:, the propeller folds into the nose cone, and is connected to the rear-mounted engine with a drive shaft. It also has two retractable main wheels, allowing it to be taxied without assistance, and to soar with low drag. These features make it a cross-over between the touring and retractable propeller motor gliders. It does not have a tow-hook, so it must self-launch. The S10-VT variant has a two-position
550:
147:
126:, so the engine is started by "wind-milling" the propeller in flight. The propeller may be a rigid 2-blade design, or may have more than two blades that fold at the hub when the engine is retracted. The propeller hub is usually attached directly to the crankshaft, but there is at least one example of a sustainer with a belt reduction drive, the DG-1000T.
701:
logbook of the pilot to authorize the launch method, which may be by airplane towing, ground launch (winches, bungee, auto tow), or, in the case of a suitable motor glider, by self-launching. In the US, motor gliders are classified as gliders, and may be operated by a glider pilot without the medical certificate required to operate an airplane.
293:
on the ground without a wing walker. While some TMGs have only one main wheel, with auxiliary trolley wheels on the wings for taxiing, it is becoming more common to find them being manufactured with tricycle and conventional (two fixed main wheels – i.e. a "tail-dragger") landing gear configurations.
708:
In Canada, a glider pilot license allows the pilot to fly unpowered gliders. For self-launching motor gliders (including motor gliders and gliders with retractable engines or propellers), and sustainer motor gliders an aeroplane permit or licence is required. An instructor must provide instruction
596:
Touring motor gliders are seldom used in competition, but they can be useful in training for cross-country flights. After take-off, the engine is switched off, and the trainee flies the aircraft as a glider. Landings in unfamiliar fields can be practiced while the motor idles. If the trainee chooses
592:
The presence of an engine can increase the safety of gliding, as a powerplant increases the ability of the pilot to avoid storms and off-airport landings. An opposing view is that motor gliders are against the spirit of the sport, and, more importantly, that they sometimes give pilots a false sense
588:
Gliders without an engine are lighter and, as they do not need a safety margin for an engine-start, they can safely thermal at lower altitudes in weaker conditions. So, pilots in unpowered gliders may complete competition flights when some powered competitors cannot. Conversely, motor glider pilots
573:
used in motor gliders must have a noise sensor that allows recording the sound level along with position and altitude. In many competitions, the rules require that the pilot start the engine at the beginning of the flight, before starting the task, to ensure an engine start later in the flight will
337:
Unlike TMGs, most gliders with retractable propellers are also fitted with a tow-hook for aero-towing or ground launch. They have a single-axle retractable main wheel on the fuselage like most unpowered gliders, so they do require assistance during ground operations. The two-stroke engines commonly
185:
Self-launching engines are equipped with a throttle that allows the engine power to be adjusted for ground operations. Self-launching engines are typically in the range of 50–60 hp (38–45 kW). The higher engine output power requires liquid cooling with a separate radiator mounted on the
181:
Internal combustion engines can benefit from mounting in the fuselage, rather than on the propeller mast. This allows them to be connected to a larger muffler for reduced noise when operating, something which is mostly relevant to
European operation. It also allows the belt tension to be relieved
166:
Self-launching retractable propeller motor gliders have sufficient thrust and initial climb rate to take off without assistance, or they may be launched as with a conventional glider. The engines also have a starter motor and a large battery to allow the engine to be started on the ground, and an
700:
In the United States, a private glider pilot certificate allows the pilot to fly unpowered gliders, self-launching motor gliders (including touring motor gliders and gliders with retractable engines or propellers), and sustainer motor gliders. An instructor must provide instruction and sign the
561:
The engine cannot always be relied upon to start in flight, so the pilot must allow for this possibility. The generally accepted practice is to get in position for landing at a suitable airport, or off-airport out-landing field, before extending the propeller and attempting an engine start. This
452:
For types that use a pylon, lower drag and sink rate are achieved with the pylon extended and the motor not running, as there is no radiator as required to cool a gasoline engine. For FES systems, the drag from the folded propeller in the nose is negligible if the engine does not start. For safe
448:
Faster and more reliable transition from gliding to powered flight, as the time and risk required to start and warm up an internal combustion engine is eliminated. For example, the
Antares 20E transitions from gliding to powered flight in under 12 seconds. With a FES system maximum power can be
228:
Most TMGs are designed with engines of 80 to 100 hp (75 kW) and typically cruise (under power) at 85–100 knots (190 km/h). Most have fuel tanks capable of holding between 50 and 100 liters (13 to 26 US gallons) of fuel, giving a range under power of up to 450 nautical miles
704:
In the United States, a powered glider may be certificated for up to two occupants, up to 850 kg maximum weight, and with a maximum ratio of weight to wing span squared of 3 kg/m. Similar requirements exist in
European JAA/EASA regulations, at a maximum weight of 750 kg.
453:
operation, the "Engine out and not running" performance is used to plan in-air restarts in the event of a problem (even for electrics). The reduced sink-rate of electric-powered motor-gliders "engine out and not running" allows a lower altitude for a safe in-air restart.
333:
and wing carry-through structure. The fuselage has engine bay doors that open and close automatically, similar to landing gear doors. The engine may be near the top or bottom of the mast, and newer designs have the engine fixed in the fuselage to reduce noise and drag.
182:
when the engine is retracted to extend the life of the belt and bearings. The drawback of this arrangement is that engines fixed low in fuselages are more difficult to pre-flight and service, and highly stressed power transmission belts should not be bent or twisted.
456:
For types that use a pylon, belt reduction drive and associated reliability issues are eliminated. As an electric motor can turn at a lower RPM than typical gasoline engines, it can be mounted at the top of the mast without a reduction system, eliminating belt-drive
110:), or retractable. However jet engine-powered motorgliders are now available from some manufacturers, some of which are intended for use only as "sustainer" engines, i.e. for sustaining gliding flight rather than as self-launching aircraft.
129:
The smaller sustainer engines are usually not equipped with a throttle, but instead have a cable to open decompression valves in each cylinder to allow the engine to turn freely for starting. Sustainer engines are typically
514:. The jet engine was mounted inside the fuselage behind the wing, with fixed intake and exhaust ducts coupled to the outside air stream for engine operation. Since then a new generation of jets have been offered for the
589:
can start the engine to extend a flight if conditions will no longer support soaring, while unpowered gliders will have to land out, away from the home airfield, requiring retrieval by road using the glider's trailer.
938:
171:. In older designs, the propeller alignment must be checked by the pilot using a mirror, before it is retracted into the fuselage; however in current production gliders, propeller alignment is fully automatic.
338:
used are not efficient at reduced power for level cruising flight, and instead must use a "saw-tooth" flight profile where the glider climbs at full power, then glides with the propeller retracted.
471:
Gliders with pylon-mounted electric motors are slightly heavier than those with gasoline engines due to the batteries. An FES system weighs about the same as a two-stroke engine.
118:
Sustainer motor gliders must be launched like an unpowered glider, but can climb slowly to extend a flight once the engine is deployed and started. They generally do not have an
944:
474:
Increased cost. While electric motors are comparably inexpensive, low-weight batteries suitable for motor-gliders are a little more expensive than gasoline engines.
912:
843:
686:(GPL), and touring motor gliders (TMG), which require a license extension to the standard GPL. In the United Kingdom, where gliding is regulated by the
251:
or the
Phoenix, can also be supplied with interchangeable wings or wingtips so that they can be flown as a standard touring aircraft as well as a TMG.
1135:
697:
In South Africa, Touring Motor Glider (TMG) is an independent
National Pilots License category under Recreation Aviation, Part 62, subpart 17.
202:
Motor with fixed or full feathering propellers are generally classified as
Touring Motor Gliders (TMGs). TMGs can take off and cruise like an
430:
817:
138:
in the range of 18–30 hp (14–22 kW). They are lighter in weight, and simpler to operate than self-launching powerplants.
17:
691:
682:
In Europe, powered gliders are categorized into gliders with retractable propellers/engines, which can be flown with an ordinary
351:
569:, starting the engine is usually scored the same as an out-landing in an unpowered glider. To detect the use of the engine,
321:
self-launching motor glider, with the engine mast extended. A Stemme S10 is in the background with the nose cone extended.
433:. Some types use a pylon behind the cockpit to extend a propeller. 11 different types, from 7 manufacturers, such as the
162:, Germany. Counter-clockwise from top left: propeller hub, mast with belt guide, radiator, Wankel engine, muffler shroud.
1088:
916:
658:
240:. Tow hooks are unnecessary, since aircraft with self-launch ability do not require access to winch or tow plane for
155:
640:
468:
Reduced range or climb altitude, as the energy stored per unit weight for available batteries is less than gasoline.
791:
301:
of the stopped propeller and landing gear reduces their gliding performance, TMGs are seldom used in competition.
886:
744:
636:
847:
632:
687:
597:
an inappropriate field, or misjudges the approach, the instructor can apply power and climb away safely.
490:. These three all use the FES as used for self-launching lighter gliders, such as the Alisport Silent 2.
221:
performance, not as good as that of unpowered gliders. However TMGs are more efficient than conventional
772:
167:
alternator to recharge the battery. A two-blade propeller is typically coupled to the engine via a belt
460:
Greatly reduced noise, allowing take-off from locations where other powered aircraft are not permitted.
378:
690:, pilots of self-sustaining gliders, like those of pure gliders, do not have to be licensed with the
434:
1161:
621:
478:
Electric sustainer systems (with power to sustain flight but not self-launch) are optional for the
438:
262:
358:
on the engine, which allows the aircraft to cruise at altitudes up to 30,000 feet (9,000 m).
625:
402:
87:
1114:
59:
1166:
581:
530:
519:
515:
479:
175:
55:
821:
325:
The retractable propeller is usually mounted on a mast that rotates up and forward out of the
269:
570:
511:
406:
683:
534:
191:
103:
236:
Some TMGs are equipped with folding wings to allow them to fit in standard small airplane
8:
718:
566:
464:
Disadvantages of current electric powered motor-gliders as compared to gasoline include:
390:
230:
159:
51:
723:
671:
394:
330:
31:
178:
that offers the advantage of a smaller opening in the fuselage to retract the engine.
554:
538:
386:
382:
318:
187:
151:
135:
289:
configuration on TMGs usually incorporates two fixed main wheels, allowing it to be
213:
They are fitted with front-mounted engines, similar to a small airplane. The large
398:
107:
82:
In 1935, an occasional or auxiliary motor that could be retracted was suggested by
1046:
1025:
562:
allows for a safe landing in the event that the engine cannot be started in time.
422:
314:
248:
207:
168:
83:
1067:
577:
381:, a number of electric-powered self-launchers have been developed including the
241:
298:
222:
63:
709:
and sign the logbook of the pilot to authorize the pilot to carry passengers.
1155:
675:
410:
123:
890:
795:
1092:
997:
487:
418:
414:
355:
286:
91:
154:
E self-launching motor glider, mounted on a test stand for maintenance at
74:
974:
38:
254:
507:
426:
347:
258:
131:
119:
750:
365:, the propeller folds forward, pointing straight ahead like a spear.
362:
90:
that first flew on 8 August of the same year. A later version of the
610:
374:
326:
237:
214:
203:
869:
523:
483:
290:
218:
498:
62:
equipped with a means of propulsion (MoP), capable of sustained
506:
The first production self-launching motor glider fitted with a
549:
544:
278:
844:"Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co., ASH 26 E Information"
233:
are capable of higher speeds and longer range under power.
146:
743:"3. Gliding, chapter 1: General Rules and Definitions".
229:(approximately 830 kilometers). Modern TMGs like the
66:
flight without thrust from the means of propulsion.
529:
Other self-launching types include the experimental
444:
Advantages of electric power over gasoline include:
54:
that can be flown with or without engine power. The
441:(FES) system with a folding propeller in the nose.
1115:"Motor gliding training syllabus for instructors"
913:"Lange Flugzeugbau GmbH, Antares 20E Information"
1153:
1047:"Turbojet engine TJ 100, PBS Velká Bíteš, a.s."
141:
1089:"Guide to Self-launching Sailplane Operation"
405:(Lithium Electric), and the closely related
1068:"Information about self-sustaining gliders"
943:, Schempp-Hirth Flugzeugbau, archived from
639:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
600:
545:Use of engines in self-launching sailplanes
186:propeller mast. Engines commonly used are
113:
58:Sporting Code definition is: a fixed-wing
659:Learn how and when to remove this message
1143:, Regulatory & guidance library, FAA
818:"Discus 2T Sustainer Engine Information"
670:
576:
548:
497:
313:
309:
268:
253:
197:
145:
73:
37:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
692:United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority
526:, all featuring sustainer jet engines.
304:
102:Most motor gliders are equipped with a
27:Glider equipped with a motor for launch
14:
1154:
992:
990:
988:
106:, which may be fixed, feathered (e.g.
1011:
637:adding citations to reliable sources
604:
985:
960:World Directory of Leisure Aviation
24:
86:. This was incorporated into the
25:
1178:
502:Bob Carlton's jet-powered glider.
373:Although most motor gliders have
794:. DG Flugzeugbau. Archived from
609:
557:E in flight with engine running.
1128:
1107:
1081:
1060:
1039:
967:
952:
887:"Stemme AG, S10-VT Information"
820:. Schempp-Hirth. Archived from
206:or soar with power off, like a
931:
905:
879:
862:
836:
810:
784:
765:
736:
78:Carden-Baynes Auxiliary engine
13:
1:
729:
341:
261:B touring motor glider, with
97:
975:"Going Vintage Electrically"
244:like a conventional glider.
142:Self-launching motor gliders
7:
712:
688:British Gliding Association
399:Pipistrel Taurus Electro G2
379:internal combustion engines
368:
217:of TMGs provide a moderate
10:
1183:
69:
42:DG-808B 18m self-launching
29:
449:available in 1–2 seconds.
435:Alisport Silent 2 Electro
188:two-stroke piston engines
601:Licenses or certificates
439:front electric sustainer
352:variable-pitch propeller
263:fibre-reinforced plastic
174:Another solution is the
18:Self-launching sailplane
114:Sustainer motor gliders
88:Carden-Baynes Auxiliary
792:"DG-1000T Information"
679:
585:
584:M with engine running.
582:Schempp-Hirth Nimbus 4
558:
520:Jonker JS-1 Revelation
516:Schempp-Hirth Ventus 2
503:
493:
480:Schempp-Hirth Ventus-3
322:
282:
266:
176:single-blade propeller
163:
79:
56:FAI Gliding Commission
43:
674:
580:
571:GNSS Flight Recorders
552:
537:and a version of the
512:Caproni Vizzola Calif
501:
407:Air Energy AE1 Silent
391:Schempp-Hirth Arcus E
317:
310:Retractable propeller
297:Since the additional
272:
257:
198:Touring motor gliders
192:Wankel rotary engines
149:
77:
41:
1026:"LZ Design web-site"
998:"LZ Design web-site"
893:on 17 September 2012
684:glider pilot license
678:D in England (2009).
633:improve this section
567:soaring competitions
535:Alisport Silent Club
305:Motor configurations
247:Some TMGs, like the
156:Alexander Schleicher
719:Powered hang glider
533:, a version of the
231:Phoenix Air Phoenix
52:fixed-wing aircraft
919:on 15 October 2006
824:on 16 October 2006
798:on 5 December 2006
773:"Flying on 250 cc"
724:Powered paraglider
680:
586:
559:
504:
395:Schleicher AS 34Me
323:
319:Schleicher ASH 26e
283:
267:
164:
150:Powerplant from a
136:air-cooled engines
80:
44:
32:Glider (sailplane)
1137:Advisory circular
850:on 8 October 2006
753:on 7 October 2007
746:FAI Sporting Code
669:
668:
661:
555:Eiri-Avion PIK-20
553:A self-launching
539:TeST TST-14 Bonus
531:LET L-13TJ Blaník
403:Silent 2 Targa LE
383:Lange Antares 20E
152:Schleicher ASH 26
16:(Redirected from
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1144:
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1095:on 12 March 2008
1091:. Archived from
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915:. Archived from
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889:. Archived from
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859:
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846:. Archived from
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749:. Archived from
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605:
108:AMS-Flight Carat
21:
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979:Café foundation
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871:Europa Aircraft
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275:SF25 Motorfalke
200:
169:reduction drive
144:
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100:
84:Sir John Carden
72:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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947:on 6 July 2015
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1167:Motor gliders
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676:Fournier RF 4
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618:This section
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593:of security.
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574:be detected.
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423:Aériane Swift
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411:Yuneec Apis 2
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94:was powered.
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1109:
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1001:. Retrieved
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800:. Retrieved
796:the original
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755:. Retrieved
751:the original
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681:
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631:Please help
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528:
505:
488:ESAG LAK-17B
477:
463:
443:
419:Alpaero Exel
415:Yuneec EViva
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360:
356:turbocharger
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287:landing gear
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160:Poppenhausen
128:
117:
101:
92:Budig glider
81:
48:motor glider
47:
45:
35:
1120:4 September
1099:4 September
1073:4 September
1031:14 November
1003:14 November
923:24 November
897:24 November
854:24 November
828:24 November
802:24 November
757:23 November
649:August 2018
431:Alatus AL12
1156:Categories
1052:4 December
1050:Retrieved
874:(homepage)
730:References
508:jet engine
437:, use the
427:Electravia
348:Stemme S10
342:Cross-over
259:Grob G 109
132:two-stroke
120:alternator
98:Categories
30:See also:
620:does not
484:HPH Shark
363:AMS Carat
242:launching
238:T-hangars
215:wingspans
104:propeller
713:See also
522:and the
510:was the
377:-fueled
375:gasoline
369:Electric
327:fuselage
204:airplane
60:aerodyne
940:Arcus-E
641:removed
626:sources
524:HpH 304
457:issues.
361:On the
346:On the
331:cockpit
219:gliding
70:History
64:soaring
962:, 2011
779:, 1935
777:Flight
354:and a
291:taxied
249:Europa
208:glider
1141:(PDF)
281:2020.
279:Ystad
277:over
190:, or
50:is a
1122:2006
1101:2006
1075:2006
1054:2009
1033:2018
1005:2018
925:2006
899:2006
856:2006
830:2006
804:2006
759:2006
624:any
622:cite
486:and
429:and
385:and
299:drag
285:The
635:by
565:In
494:Jet
387:23E
158:in
122:or
1158::
1013:^
987:^
977:.
775:,
694:.
541:.
518:,
482:,
425:,
421:,
417:,
413:,
409:,
401:,
397:,
393:,
389:,
225:.
210:.
194:.
46:A
1145:.
1124:.
1103:.
1077:.
1056:.
1035:.
1007:.
981:.
964:.
949:.
927:.
901:.
876:.
858:.
832:.
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651:)
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643:.
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20:)
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