36:
591:
578:
1001:
For example, the lactose-tolerant allele spread from very low frequencies to high frequencies in less than 9000 years since farming with an estimated selection coefficient of 0.09-0.19 for a
Scandinavian population. Though this selection coefficient might seem like a very small number, over
654:
compared to other genotypes. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to
681:) of a genotype is a measure of its reproductive success, often expressed as a fraction of the maximum reproductive success in the population. The formula to calculate the selection coefficient
950:
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307:
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699:
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1120:
230:
1093:
Bersaglieri, T. et al. Genetic signatures of strong recent positive selection at the lactase gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74,1111-1120(2004).
541:
1002:
evolutionary time, the favored alleles accumulate in the population and become more and more common, potentially reaching fixation.
349:
1413:
1271:
55:
1168:
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536:
483:
615:
344:
175:
1113:
1037:
77:
1208:
334:
302:
1213:
1078:
1031:
556:
339:
1439:
608:
595:
1434:
1143:
1106:
526:
1188:
582:
802:, with relative fitness values of 1 (most fit, standard reference) and 0.8, the selection coefficient (
82:
1309:
1183:
448:
423:
403:
383:
60:
1361:
438:
433:
408:
363:
329:
323:
312:
1173:
551:
458:
453:
398:
359:
160:
1158:
923:
463:
418:
240:
135:
1400:
1294:
1289:
1011:
561:
443:
388:
354:
267:
1246:
848:
704:
413:
185:
70:
27:
8:
1390:
1266:
1153:
1129:
643:
503:
493:
428:
393:
277:
180:
105:
40:
978:
955:
900:
825:
782:
759:
1380:
1376:
1236:
880:
805:
736:
684:
664:
546:
478:
262:
190:
155:
1371:
1366:
1304:
1231:
1223:
1198:
1074:
1049:
661:
The selection coefficient is typically calculated using fitness values. The fitness (
655:
647:
247:
125:
115:
110:
1045:
1330:
1241:
1041:
282:
1148:
235:
225:
87:
1395:
1385:
1299:
1178:
317:
220:
35:
1428:
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1325:
1281:
468:
140:
1351:
1203:
488:
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170:
498:
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195:
150:
130:
44:
1098:
1356:
531:
145:
65:
651:
521:
120:
753:
is the relative fitness of the genotype, ranging between 0 and 1.
877:(no selection against this genotype); the selection coefficient (
1073:(2nd ed.). Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
577:
1033:
Encyclopedia of
Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics
975:
genotype has 20% reduction in fitness compared to the
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808:
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707:
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869:
837:
814:
794:
771:
745:
725:
693:
673:
1426:
1114:
616:
1121:
1107:
1071:Population genetics : a concise guide
623:
609:
1068:
1128:
1427:
1414:Index of evolutionary biology articles
1102:
16:Measure used in population genetics
13:
14:
1451:
638:, usually denoted by the letter
590:
589:
576:
34:
1046:10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_15281
756:Suppose we have two genotypes,
583:Evolutionary biology portal
1214:Constructive neutral evolution
1087:
1062:
1023:
542:Creation–evolution controversy
296:History of evolutionary theory
1:
1017:
1164:Fisher's fundamental theorem
527:Evolution as fact and theory
7:
1189:Coefficient of relationship
1069:Gillespie, John H. (2004).
1005:
10:
1456:
562:Nature-nurture controversy
1409:
1344:
1318:
1280:
1255:
1222:
1184:Coefficient of inbreeding
1136:
1030:"Selection Coefficient".
952:(this indicates that the
945:{\displaystyle 1-0.8=0.2}
646:to quantify the relative
449:Evolutionary neuroscience
424:Evolutionary epistemology
404:Evolutionary anthropology
384:Applications of evolution
1362:Evolutionary game theory
1144:Hardy–Weinberg principle
439:Evolutionary linguistics
434:Evolutionary game theory
409:Evolutionary computation
1174:Shifting balance theory
642:, is a measure used in
552:Objections to evolution
459:Evolutionary psychology
454:Evolutionary physiology
399:Evolutionary aesthetics
378:Fields and applications
360:History of paleontology
1159:Linkage disequilibrium
992:
969:
946:
914:
891:
871:
839:
816:
796:
773:
747:
727:
695:
675:
484:Speciation experiments
464:Experimental evolution
419:Evolutionary economics
241:Recent human evolution
99:Processes and outcomes
1401:Quantitative genetics
1310:Balding–Nichols model
1295:Population bottleneck
1290:Small population size
1194:Selection coefficient
1012:Evolutionary pressure
993:
970:
947:
915:
892:
872:
870:{\displaystyle 1-1=0}
840:
817:
797:
774:
748:
728:
726:{\displaystyle s=1-W}
696:
676:
636:Selection coefficient
444:Evolutionary medicine
389:Biosocial criminology
355:History of speciation
268:Evolutionary taxonomy
231:Timeline of evolution
1440:Evolutionary biology
1272:Background selection
1259:on genomic variation
1257:Effects of selection
1209:Population structure
979:
956:
924:
901:
881:
849:
826:
806:
783:
760:
737:
705:
685:
665:
414:Evolutionary ecology
28:Evolutionary biology
1435:Population genetics
1391:Population genomics
1267:Genetic hitchhiking
1154:Identity by descent
1130:Population genetics
701:for a genotype is:
644:population genetics
516:Social implications
504:Universal Darwinism
494:Island biogeography
429:Evolutionary ethics
394:Ecological genetics
340:Molecular evolution
278:Transitional fossil
106:Population genetics
22:Part of a series on
1377:Landscape genetics
991:{\displaystyle AA}
988:
968:{\displaystyle Aa}
965:
942:
913:{\displaystyle Aa}
910:
887:
867:
838:{\displaystyle AA}
835:
812:
795:{\displaystyle Aa}
792:
772:{\displaystyle AA}
769:
743:
723:
691:
671:
547:Theistic evolution
479:Selective breeding
191:Parallel evolution
156:Adaptive radiation
1422:
1421:
1372:Genetic genealogy
1367:Fitness landscape
1055:978-1-4020-6754-9
890:{\displaystyle s}
815:{\displaystyle s}
746:{\displaystyle W}
694:{\displaystyle s}
674:{\displaystyle W}
633:
632:
324:Origin of Species
126:Natural selection
1447:
1331:J. B. S. Haldane
1123:
1116:
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1040:. 16 July 2016.
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557:Level of support
350:Current research
335:Modern synthesis
330:Before synthesis
283:Extinction event
41:Darwin's finches
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1149:Genetic linkage
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236:Human evolution
226:History of life
210:
209:Natural history
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100:
92:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1420:
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1398:
1396:Phylogeography
1393:
1388:
1386:Microevolution
1383:
1374:
1369:
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1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1345:Related topics
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1338:
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1307:
1302:
1300:Founder effect
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1216:
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1206:
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1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:Price equation
1176:
1171:
1169:Neutral theory
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1140:
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1111:
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1016:
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1007:
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537:Social effects
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263:Classification
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221:Common descent
218:
216:Origin of life
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1337:
1336:Sewall Wright
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1306:
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1293:
1291:
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1287:
1285:
1283:
1282:Genetic drift
1279:
1273:
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1090:
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1057:
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1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1003:
999:
985:
982:
962:
959:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
907:
904:
884:
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477:
475:
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470:
469:Phylogenetics
467:
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348:
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331:
328:
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325:
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Before Darwin
311:
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142:
141:Genetic drift
139:
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54:
53:
51:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
1352:Biogeography
1326:R. A. Fisher
1204:Heritability
1193:
1137:Key concepts
1089:
1070:
1064:
1032:
1025:
1000:
755:
660:
639:
635:
634:
489:Sociobiology
474:Paleontology
322:
258:Biogeography
253:Biodiversity
171:Coextinction
161:Co-operation
136:Polymorphism
61:Introduction
1305:Coalescence
998:genotype).
499:Systematics
308:Renaissance
186:Convergence
176:Contingency
166:Coevolution
1429:Categories
1247:Ecological
1237:Artificial
1080:0801880092
1018:References
273:Cladistics
196:Extinction
181:Divergence
151:Speciation
131:Adaptation
45:John Gould
1357:Evolution
1224:Selection
931:−
856:−
718:−
656:selection
532:Dysgenics
248:Phylogeny
146:Gene flow
116:Diversity
111:Variation
1381:genomics
1319:Founders
1038:Springer
1006:See also
733:, where
652:genotype
596:Category
522:Eugenics
364:timeline
345:Evo-devo
303:Overview
121:Mutation
83:Evidence
78:Glossary
1232:Natural
1199:Fitness
648:fitness
88:History
71:Outline
1242:Sexual
1077:
1052:
897:) for
822:) for
594:
318:Darwin
650:of a
56:Index
1379:and
1075:ISBN
1050:ISBN
779:and
66:Main
1042:doi
940:0.2
934:0.8
920:is
845:is
43:by
1431::
1048:.
1036:.
658:.
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1083:.
1058:.
1044::
986:A
983:A
963:a
960:A
937:=
928:1
908:a
905:A
885:s
865:0
862:=
859:1
853:1
833:A
830:A
810:s
790:a
787:A
767:A
764:A
741:W
721:W
715:1
712:=
709:s
689:s
669:W
640:s
624:e
617:t
610:v
366:)
362:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
