1251:
22:
1387:
1331:
1165:
1351:
1262:, prepared a confidential memorandum, considering the claims of each of the cities to be named as the seat of government. He recommended that Ottawa be chosen, in part because of its location on the boundary between Canada East and Canada West, which he thought would satisfy some of the regional tensions. He also relied on a military consideration: Ottawa was located a considerable distance from the United States, unlike Toronto, Kingston and Montreal.
1290:
1243:
1173:
1122:
1298:
1696:(Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009; reprint of 1969 edition, with introduction by Janet Ajzenstat), "Fourth Draft of the British North America Bill" (undated), clause 5 (Document 85, p. 282); "Final Draft of the British North America Bill" (February 9, 1867), clause 16 (Document 86, p. 305).
1394:
Unlike other federations, Canada does not have a specially designated capital area under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government. Municipalities are under provincial jurisdiction, through section 92(8) of the Act. The city of Ottawa is in the province of
Ontario and is incorporated under
1321:
The next year, 1859, the
Cartier–Macdonald government returned to the issue. This time, after a bitter debate lasting two weeks, they were able to carry the motion for the construction of the new parliament buildings in Ottawa, in an exchange for a commitment that the Parliament would sit at Quebec
1104:
During the drafting of the bill, this provision first appeared in the fourth draft, which continued to refer to the royal prerogative. The section took its current wording in the final draft of the bill, which gave the Queen the statutory power to direct a different location, rather than citing the
1362:
There are some indications that behind the scenes, the issue was not yet firmly settled. On his return from the London
Conference, Macdonald stated publicly that "he had some doubts before going to England as to whether the seat of government for the Dominion would remain in Ottawa, but he was now
1358:
With that history of political conflict, and the cost of the new
Parliament buildings, it was not surprising that the delegates to the Quebec Conference agreed on Ottawa as the seat of government. On October 26, 1864, Macdonald proposed to the Conference that Ottawa be the seat of government,
1338:
Construction of the new parliament buildings began in 1860. Progress was initially fast, but the construction was temporarily halted in 1862 because of large cost overruns. A public inquiry was held, which found various faults with the construction process, but recommended that the original
1339:
architects and builders be allowed to continue the project. By the time the buildings were completed in 1865, the total cost was $ 2,591,760, a considerable cost overrun from the original budget of ÂŁ225,000 (equivalent to $ 1,094,985 at the statutory conversion rate then in use).
1234:, condemned the decision, saying that it amounted to a vote "to destroy responsible government by sending to Downing Street for Mr Labouchere to fix the seat of government." For a short time, however, this approach removed the seat-of-government issue from Canadian politics.
1371:, was privately grumbling over the choice of Ottawa. In a confidential letter to the Colonial Secretary, he stated that the choice of Ottawa "...seems like an act of insanity." He predicted that within four years the seat of government would move, likely to Quebec City.
1156:(1852 to 1854); Toronto again (1855 to 1859); Quebec City again (1860 to 1865), and finally Ottawa (1866). Each of these relocations had triggered significant political debates, as there were strong regional feelings concerning the location of the seat of government.
1208:), were convinced that the issue of the seat of government had to be removed from Canadian politics to keep the Province of Canada together, so strong were the regional loyalties. Even their own Cabinet was divided on the issue, as Macdonald admitted in the
1322:
City until the new buildings were ready in Ottawa. Even that was not the end of the debate. There was one final attempt in the parliamentary session of 1860 to re-open the question, but this time it was defeated by a strong majority in the
Assembly.
1317:
and resigned. Brown and Dorion formed a government, but within a few days, they too were defeated and also had to resign. In the interval, Macdonald and
Cartier were able to find support in the Assembly and were reappointed by Governor General Head.
861:
853:
857:
849:
1481:
319:
315:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
713:
709:
705:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
323:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
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431:
409:
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401:
397:
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389:
385:
381:
377:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
197:
193:
189:
167:
163:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
99:
95:
91:
87:
968:, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867. It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada.
903:
2086:
1668:
1309:. In the parliamentary session in 1858, the Macdonald–Cartier government introduced a motion to authorise funding to build parliament buildings at Ottawa. The opposition, led by
1313:
and George Brown, opposed the proposal, and the government was defeated in the
Assembly on the issue. The Macdonald–Cartier government treated the defeat as a
1429:
has held that the federal
Parliament has some legislative jurisdiction over the area around the seat of government, but the extent of that power is not clear.
869:
865:
1374:
Although the monarch retains the power to move the seat of government under section 16, there has not been any such proposal since the enactment of the
1440:
by the federal government commented on the overlapping jurisdiction, and stated that it may have contributed to the slow response to the protests.
910:
1418:
of New
Brunswick, while praising the choice of Ottawa, stated that the lack of a federal district under the control of Parliament was a mistake.
1209:
1415:
1219:
be asked to determine the location of the seat of government. That proposal passed in the
Legislative Assembly, but was controversial. The
1306:
883:
835:
831:
817:
803:
739:
735:
721:
717:
701:
625:
611:
607:
573:
565:
557:
1451:
603:
599:
595:
591:
577:
569:
561:
553:
549:
535:
531:
427:
413:
373:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
327:
259:
245:
201:
185:
171:
159:
1022:. Those conferences were followed by consultations with the British government in 1867. The Act was then enacted in 1867 by the
1098:
117:
103:
83:
69:
65:
50:
1181:
1425:, but that federal legislation does not oust Ontario jurisdiction over Ottawa, nor Quebec jurisdiction over Gatineau. The
1270:
1266:
1140:
From 1841 to 1866, the seat of government of the Province of Canada had relocated seven times, to five different cities:
1231:
1368:
1301:
George Brown, who briefly formed a government with Dorion after the government fell over the seat of government issue
1023:
1432:
The mixture of federal, provincial and municipal jurisdiction over Ottawa and Gatineau became an issue during the
2112:
2107:
1680:
896:
1085:
One issue which needed to be addressed for the new country was the location of the seat of government. Both the
1227:
1125:
Bytown (now Ottawa) in 1853, showing the future site of the Parliament of Canada on what is now Parliament Hill
2117:
1565:"The Silent Framers of British North American Union: The Colonial Office and Canadian Confederation, 1851–67"
1220:
1411:
1395:
Ontario law. The federal government also has a considerable presence in the office towers of the city of
1867:
1596:
1422:
1133:, resulting in an itinerant parliament over the course of twenty-five years, a referral of the issue to
1726:
1364:
1189:
964:
1019:
1197:
1011:
2071:
1363:
happy to say there was no question Ottawa was confirmed as the capital of the new Dominion." The
1305:
The Queen's choice did not end the dispute, and gave rise to a complicated political episode, the
1654:
1426:
1314:
1015:
1564:
1278:
1046:
1036:
991:
986:
979:
954:
938:
42:
33:
1821:
1637:
1310:
1923:, "Hewitt Bernard's Minutes of the Quebec Conference", October 26, 1864 (Document 31, p. 88).
1433:
1007:
2002:
1538:
1537:(Toronto: Macmillan Publishing, 1964; revised ed., Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012)
1516:
998:. The Act sets out the constitutional framework of Canada, including the structure of the
1471:
1407:
999:
1822:"Sir Edmund Head's Memorandum on the Choice of Ottawa as the Seat of Government of Canada"
1250:
8:
1623:
1342:
The last session of the Parliament of the Province of Canada was held in Ottawa in 1866.
1281:, also favoured Ottawa. Late in 1857, the Queen made her decision, in favour of Ottawa.
1003:
2091:, (Ottawa: His Majesty the King, 2023), vol. 1 (executive summary), pp. 40–41, 174–175.
1454:
defines the seats of government of the four original provinces of Canada: Toronto for
1265:
Head then went to London to explain his recommendation to the British government. The
1130:
1090:
1086:
946:
1787:
1354:
Governor General Lord Monck, who thought the choice of Ottawa was "an act of insanity"
21:
1403:, but Gatineau is in the province of Quebec and is incorporated under Quebec law.
1386:
1185:
1141:
1069:
Until the Queen otherwise directs, the Seat of Government of Canada shall be Ottawa.
1044:
the Act can only be amended in Canada, under the amending formula set out in the
930:
2058:
1246:
Governor General Sir Edmund Head, who supported Ottawa as the seat of government
1097:, but stated that the designation of the seat of government was "subject to the
1330:
1274:
1258:
After the passage of the resolution by the Assembly, the Governor General, Sir
1216:
1134:
1504:, 5th ed. (Toronto: Thomson Reuters (looseleaf; current to 2022), para. 1:4.
2101:
1975:
1484:
provides that the provinces have exclusive jurisdiction over municipalities.
1467:
1172:
1400:
1164:
1129:
The choice of a seat of government had been a major political issue in the
1475:
1463:
1259:
1153:
1776:
The Union of the Canadas: The Growth of Canadian Institutions 1841—1857
1350:
1006:. It was the product of extensive negotiations between the provinces of
1201:
1041:
1031:
1792:, 3rd Session, 5th Provincial Parliament of Canada, 1857, pp. 130–133.
1289:
1030:. In 1982 the Act was brought under full Canadian control through the
1242:
1727:"Ottawa Becomes the Capital" (Ottawa: Ottawa Archives, 2007), p. 3.
1359:"subject to the royal prerogative". The motion passed unanimously.
1443:
1396:
1176:
George-Étienne Cartier, who also deferred the decision to the Queen
1145:
1108:
Section 16 has not been amended since the Act was enacted in 1867.
25:
Royal Proclamation which brought the Act into force on July 1, 1867
2088:
Report of the Public Inquiry into the 2022 Public Order Emergency
1744:
The Critical Years: The Union of British North America 1857–1873
1455:
1193:
1149:
1121:
1116:
1459:
1205:
1094:
995:
959:
942:
1789:
Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
1436:
in 2022. The commissioner appointed to review the use of the
1168:
John A. Macdonald, who deferred the decision to Queen Victoria
1077:, dealing with the executive power of the federal government.
1215:
To resolve the impasse, Macdonald and Cartier proposed that
1297:
1421:
The federal Parliament has passed a statute to create the
1345:
1284:
1273:, agreed with Head's position and recommended Ottawa to
1921:
Documents on the Confederation of British North America
1694:
Documents on the Confederation of British North America
1325:
1778:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967), pp. 206–207.
1746:(Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1964), pp. 13–14.
1381:
1293:
A. A. Dorion, who opposed the Queen's choice of Ottawa
1159:
1004:
the powers of the federal government and the provinces
2022:(Toronto: MacMillan Co. of Canada, 1977), pp. 52–55.
1137:, and the fall of the Canadian government in 1858.
1334:Original Centre Block, destroyed in a fire in 1916
1237:
2099:
1710:The Queen's Choice: A Story of Canada's Capital
958:is the constitutional statute which established
2085:The Honourable Paul S. Rouleau, Commissioner,
1722:
1720:
1718:
935:article 16 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867
1712:(Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1961), pp. 98–110.
1117:Previous dispute about the seat of government
1111:
1089:and the London Resolutions provided that the
904:
2014:
2012:
1226:in Toronto, published by one of the leading
2020:Commentary on the British North America Act
1836:
1834:
1800:
1798:
1770:
1768:
1754:
1752:
1715:
1554:(Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1997).
1414:in Australia. One Father of Confederation,
911:
897:
866:Fifth: Allegiance and Senate Qualification
2009:
1816:
1814:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1512:
1510:
1034:of the Constitution, and was renamed the
971:
1957:
1955:
1831:
1795:
1781:
1765:
1749:
1704:
1702:
1385:
1349:
1329:
1296:
1288:
1249:
1241:
1180:In 1857, the issue came up again in the
1171:
1163:
1120:
20:
2051:
1902:
1900:
1073:Section 16 is found in Part III of the
862:Fourth: Property of Ontario and Quebec
619:VIII. REVENUES; DEBTS; ASSETS; TAXATION
16:Provision of the Constitution of Canada
2100:
1872:(Ottawa: Bank of Canada, 2005), p. 23.
1811:
1731:
1650:
1648:
1579:
1577:
1529:
1527:
1507:
1346:Fathers of Confederation choose Ottawa
1080:
854:Second: Electoral Districts of Quebec
850:First: Electoral Districts of Ontario
543:VI. DISTRIBUTION OF LEGISLATIVE POWERS
1952:
1828:(1935), vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 411–417.
1699:
1571:, Vol. 99, No. 3 (2018), pp. 349–393.
1521:, s. 52, s. 53, and Schedule, item 1.
1285:Fall of the Canadian government, 1858
1053:
2073:Munro v. National Capital Commission
1897:
1881:"Ottawa Becomes the Capital", p. 56.
1326:Construction of Parliament buildings
1182:Parliament of the Province of Canada
994:and thus part of the supreme law of
1645:
1574:
1524:
1382:Provincial jurisdiction over Ottawa
1160:Decision deferred to Queen Victoria
13:
1552:1867 — How the Fathers Made a Deal
14:
2129:
1200:, the leader of the conservative
1869:A History of the Canadian Dollar
1601:, 30 & 31 Vict. (UK), c. 3.]
1390:The Parliament Buildings at dawn
1254:Queen Victoria, who chose Ottawa
2079:
2065:
2038:
2025:
1995:
1982:
1968:
1939:
1926:
1913:
1884:
1875:
1860:
1847:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1631:
1598:British North America Act, 1867
1028:British North America Act, 1867
965:British North America Act, 1867
825:XI. ADMISSION OF OTHER COLONIES
1617:
1604:
1590:
1557:
1544:
1494:
1410:in the United States, nor the
1406:There is no equivalent to the
1238:The Queen chooses Ottawa, 1857
1:
1487:
2003:Charter of Ville de Gatineau
1612:Constitutional Law of Canada
1585:Constitutional Law of Canada
1502:Constitutional Law of Canada
1500:Peter Hogg and Wade Wright,
1412:Australian Capital Territory
1063:Seat of Government of Canada
729:IX. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
7:
1423:National Capital Commission
365:V. PROVINCIAL CONSTITUTIONS
10:
2134:
1979:, SO 1999, c. 14, Sch. E.
1826:Canadian Historical Review
1569:Canadian Historical Review
1444:Related provisions of the
1112:Purpose and interpretation
977:
858:Third: Property of Canada
335:Money Votes; Royal Assent
1535:The Road to Confederation
1020:London Conference in 1866
870:Sixth: Natural Resources
1976:City of Ottawa Act, 1999
1681:London Resolutions, 1866
1669:Quebec Resolutions, 1864
1482:Section 92(8) of the Act
1012:Charlottetown Conference
962:. Originally named the
937:) is a provision of the
811:X. INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY
1641:(UK) 1982, c. 11, s. 2.
1427:Supreme Court of Canada
1277:. The Prince Consort,
2113:Canadian Confederation
2108:Constitution of Canada
1656:Constitution Act, 1867
1625:Constitution Act, 1982
1518:Constitution Act, 1982
1446:Constitution Act, 1867
1391:
1376:Constitution Act, 1867
1355:
1335:
1302:
1294:
1255:
1247:
1204:from Canada East (now
1198:George-Étienne Cartier
1192:from Canada West (now
1177:
1169:
1126:
1075:Constitution Act, 1867
1071:
1047:Constitution Act, 1982
1037:Constitution Act, 1867
992:Constitution of Canada
987:Constitution Act, 1867
980:Constitution Act, 1867
973:Constitution Act, 1867
955:Constitution Act, 1867
939:Constitution of Canada
934:
926:Constitution Act, 1867
886:Constitution Act, 1867
43:Constitution of Canada
34:Constitution Act, 1867
26:
1452:Section 68 of the Act
1434:Canada convoy protest
1399:, located across the
1389:
1353:
1333:
1300:
1292:
1253:
1245:
1190:Liberal-Conservatives
1175:
1167:
1124:
1060:
1008:British North America
153:IV. LEGISLATIVE POWER
24:
2118:Federalism in Canada
2062:, RSC 1985, c. N-4.
2059:National Capital Act
1408:District of Columbia
1315:matter of confidence
1210:Legislative Assembly
1188:, the leader of the
884:Proclamation of the
253:The House of Commons
111:III. EXECUTIVE POWER
1992:, pp. 181, 211–212.
1708:Wilfrid Eggleston,
1692:G.P. Browne (ed.),
1550:Christopher Moore,
1458:; Quebec City for
1311:Antoine-Aimé Dorion
1105:royal prerogative.
1081:Legislative history
1026:under the name the
2046:The Queen's Choice
2033:The Queen's Choice
2006:, CSRQ , c. 11.1.
1990:The Queen's Choice
1963:The Queen's Choice
1947:The Queen's Choice
1934:The Queen's Choice
1908:The Queen's Choice
1892:The Critical Years
1855:The Critical Years
1842:The Queen's Choice
1806:The Queen's Choice
1760:The Queen's Choice
1533:Donald Creighton,
1416:John Hamilton Gray
1392:
1356:
1336:
1303:
1295:
1267:Colonial Secretary
1256:
1248:
1178:
1170:
1131:Province of Canada
1127:
1091:seat of government
1087:Quebec Resolutions
1058:Section 16 reads:
1054:Text of section 16
1024:British Parliament
1000:federal government
947:seat of government
924:Section 16 of the
27:
1820:James A. Gibson,
1774:J.M.S. Careless,
1610:Hogg and Wright,
1583:Hogg and Wright,
1186:John A. Macdonald
1099:Royal Prerogative
1018:in 1864, and the
1016:Quebec Conference
921:
920:
877:COMING INTO FORCE
421:Legislative Power
2125:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2018:W.H. McConnell,
2016:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1829:
1818:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1772:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1729:
1724:
1713:
1706:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1683:, Resolution 51.
1678:
1672:
1671:, Resolution 52.
1666:
1660:
1652:
1643:
1635:
1629:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1542:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1498:
1365:Governor General
1271:Henry Labouchere
1152:(1850 to 1851);
1148:(1843 to 1849);
1144:(1841 to 1843);
913:
906:
899:
29:
28:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2010:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1969:
1965:, pp. 181, 249.
1960:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1832:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1766:
1757:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1646:
1639:Canada Act 1982
1636:
1632:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1532:
1525:
1515:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1449:
1438:Emergencies Act
1384:
1348:
1328:
1287:
1240:
1162:
1119:
1114:
1083:
1065:
1056:
990:is part of the
982:
976:
917:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
585:VII. JUDICATURE
367:Executive Power
366:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2094:
2093:
2078:
2064:
2050:
2048:, pp. 278–279.
2037:
2035:, pp. 144–146.
2024:
2008:
1994:
1981:
1967:
1951:
1949:, pp. 99, 137.
1938:
1925:
1919:Browne (ed.),
1912:
1896:
1883:
1874:
1866:James Powell,
1859:
1846:
1844:, pp. 108–110.
1830:
1810:
1808:, pp. 102–108.
1794:
1780:
1764:
1762:, pp. 100–101.
1748:
1730:
1714:
1698:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1644:
1630:
1616:
1603:
1589:
1573:
1556:
1543:
1523:
1506:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1448:
1442:
1383:
1380:
1347:
1344:
1327:
1324:
1307:Double Shuffle
1286:
1283:
1275:Queen Victoria
1239:
1236:
1217:Queen Victoria
1161:
1158:
1135:Queen Victoria
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1082:
1079:
1055:
1052:
978:Main article:
975:
970:
919:
918:
916:
915:
908:
901:
893:
890:
889:
880:
879:
873:
872:
846:
845:
839:
838:
828:
827:
821:
820:
814:
813:
807:
806:
732:
731:
725:
724:
622:
621:
615:
614:
588:
587:
581:
580:
546:
545:
539:
538:
424:
423:
417:
416:
370:
369:
361:
360:
338:
337:
331:
330:
256:
255:
249:
248:
182:
181:
175:
174:
156:
155:
149:
148:
114:
113:
107:
106:
80:
79:
73:
72:
62:
61:
59:I. PRELIMINARY
55:
54:
46:
45:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2130:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1742:W.L. Morton,
1739:
1737:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1563:Ben Gilding,
1560:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:New Brunswick
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1343:
1340:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1279:Prince Albert
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:in 1864, the
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
981:
974:
969:
967:
966:
961:
957:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:
914:
909:
907:
902:
900:
895:
894:
892:
891:
888:
887:
882:
881:
878:
875:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:
847:
844:
841:
840:
837:
833:
830:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
816:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
733:
730:
727:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
624:
623:
620:
617:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
589:
586:
583:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
547:
544:
541:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:
425:
422:
419:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
371:
368:
363:
362:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
30:
23:
19:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2067:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1910:, pp. 98–99.
1907:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1825:
1805:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1759:
1743:
1709:
1693:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1655:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1619:
1614:, para. 4:1.
1611:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1587:, para. 1:2.
1584:
1568:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1534:
1517:
1501:
1496:
1480:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1420:
1405:
1401:Ottawa River
1393:
1375:
1373:
1361:
1357:
1341:
1337:
1320:
1304:
1264:
1257:
1232:George Brown
1228:Reform party
1221:
1214:
1179:
1139:
1128:
1107:
1103:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1035:
1027:
985:
983:
972:
963:
953:
951:
925:
923:
922:
885:
876:
842:
824:
810:
728:
618:
584:
542:
420:
364:
334:
252:
178:
152:
145:
110:
76:
58:
49:
41:Part of the
32:
18:
2076:, SCR 663.
2044:Eggleston,
1988:Eggleston,
1961:Eggleston,
1945:Eggleston,
1932:Eggleston,
1906:Eggleston,
1857:, p. 17–19.
1840:Eggleston,
1804:Eggleston,
1758:Eggleston,
1476:Nova Scotia
1464:Fredericton
1260:Edmund Head
1154:Quebec City
949:of Canada.
2102:Categories
2031:Eggleton,
1488:References
1369:Lord Monck
1093:should be
1042:Patriation
1032:Patriation
179:The Senate
1936:, p. 137.
1894:, p. 197.
1627:, Part V.
1230:members,
1224:newspaper
1040:. Since
941:, making
843:SCHEDULES
77:II. UNION
1890:Morton,
1853:Morton,
1658:, s. 16.
1397:Gatineau
1146:Montreal
1142:Kingston
51:PREAMBLE
1472:Halifax
1456:Ontario
1196:), and
1194:Ontario
1150:Toronto
1010:at the
1539:online
1470:; and
1460:Quebec
1206:Quebec
1095:Ottawa
996:Canada
960:Canada
943:Ottawa
931:French
1222:Globe
1202:Bleus
320:51(2)
316:51(1)
1474:for
1466:for
1002:and
984:The
952:The
945:the
1462:;
1101:".
836:147
832:146
818:145
804:144
800:143
796:142
792:141
788:140
784:139
780:138
776:137
772:136
768:135
764:134
760:133
756:132
752:131
748:130
744:129
740:128
736:127
722:126
718:125
714:124
710:123
706:122
702:121
698:120
694:119
690:118
686:117
682:116
678:115
674:114
670:113
666:112
662:111
658:110
654:109
650:108
646:107
642:106
638:105
634:104
630:103
626:102
612:101
608:100
574:94A
566:93A
558:92A
324:51A
2104::
2011:^
1954:^
1899:^
1833:^
1824:,
1813:^
1797:^
1767:^
1751:^
1733:^
1717:^
1701:^
1647:^
1576:^
1567:,
1526:^
1509:^
1478:.
1378:.
1367:,
1269:,
1212:.
1184:.
1067:16
1050:.
933::
834:,
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
774:,
770:,
766:,
762:,
758:,
754:,
750:,
746:,
742:,
738:,
720:,
716:,
712:,
708:,
704:,
700:,
696:,
692:,
688:,
684:,
680:,
676:,
672:,
668:,
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
610:,
606:,
604:99
602:,
600:98
598:,
596:97
594:,
592:96
578:95
576:,
572:,
570:94
568:,
564:,
562:93
560:,
556:,
554:92
552:,
550:91
536:90
534:,
532:89
530:,
528:88
526:,
524:87
522:,
520:86
518:,
516:85
514:,
512:84
510:,
508:83
506:,
504:82
502:,
500:81
498:,
496:86
494:,
492:85
490:,
488:84
486:,
484:83
482:,
480:82
478:,
476:81
472:80
470:,
468:79
466:,
464:78
462:,
460:77
458:,
456:76
454:,
452:75
450:,
448:74
446:,
444:73
442:,
440:72
438:,
436:71
434:,
432:70
430:,
428:69
414:68
412:,
410:67
408:,
406:66
404:,
402:65
400:,
398:64
396:,
394:63
392:,
390:62
388:,
386:61
384:,
382:60
380:,
378:59
376:,
374:58
358:57
356:,
354:56
352:,
350:55
348:,
346:54
344:,
342:53
328:52
326:,
322:,
318:,
314:,
312:50
310:,
308:49
306:,
304:48
302:,
300:47
298:,
296:46
294:,
292:45
290:,
288:44
286:,
284:43
282:,
280:42
278:,
276:41
274:,
272:40
270:,
268:39
266:,
264:38
262:,
260:37
246:36
244:,
242:35
240:,
238:34
236:,
234:33
232:,
230:32
228:,
226:31
224:,
222:30
220:,
218:29
216:,
214:28
212:,
210:27
208:,
206:26
204:,
202:25
200:,
198:24
196:,
194:23
192:,
190:22
188:,
186:21
172:20
170:,
168:19
166:,
164:18
162:,
160:17
146:16
144:,
142:15
140:,
138:14
136:,
134:13
132:,
130:12
128:,
126:11
124:,
122:10
120:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
68:,
1541:.
929:(
912:e
905:t
898:v
474:,
118:9
104:8
100:7
96:6
92:5
88:4
84:3
70:2
66:1
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