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Professor Dakota
Rudesill, recommends that the country affirmatively decide whether to tolerate secret law, and proposes principles for governing it, including: public law's supremacy over secret law; no secret criminal law; public notification of creation of secret law; presumptive sunset and publication dates; and availability of all secret law to Congress.
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Councils mostly refused to provide information on existing and planned pseudo-public spaces. They also refused to say how information could be obtained, or to provide information on private restrictions on exercising the other rights people have on genuinely public land. Councils were criticized for
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that have the information. As in any private property the owner may require visitors to abide by specified rules; but people freely accessing the place are not informed of the rules, which may nevertheless be enforced by security guards. Typical prohibitions which do not apply to genuinely public
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Since about 2015 the branches of the United States federal government have accused one another of creating secret law. Journalists, scholars, and anti-secrecy activists have also made similar allegations. Scholarly analysis has shown that secret law is present in all three branches. One scholar,
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91:, at the time a member of the London Assembly, said "Being able to know what rules you are being governed by, and how to challenge them, is a fundamental part of democracy".
39:, described as "authoritative legal interpretations that have the same legal force as the statutes they interpreted"; legal opinions of the
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43:, which approves mass surveillance programs; and more than 800 secret agreements with foreign nations between 2004 and 2014.
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refers to legal authorities that require compliance that are classified or otherwise withheld from the public.
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78:(POPS). Information on ownership is considered confidential, and not provided either by the owners, or by
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includes in the category of secret law in the United States classified opinions of the
Executive
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295:"'It's really shocking': UK cities refusing to reveal extent of pseudo-public space"
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Secrecy in the
Sunshine Era: The Promise and Failures of U.S. Open Government Laws
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being under the influence of property developers and corporate owners.
322:"Kafka's America: Secret Courts, Secret Laws, and Total Surveillance"
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74:, many open places freely accessible by the public are actually
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Nelson, BLS (2019). "Secret Law
Revisited." Ratio Juris.
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Secret laws and their negative effects are described in
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has been referred to as having secret interpretations.
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268:"There's a Secret Patriot Act, Senator Says"
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46:The term has been used in reference to some
83:spaces include protesting and photography.
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200:Goitein, Elizabeth (October 18, 2016).
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222:Goitein, Elizabeth (October 18, 2016).
41:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
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56:September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
320:Whitehead, John W. (23 July 2013).
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133:Freedom of information legislation
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266:Ackerman, Spencer (25 May 2011).
245:FAS Project on Government Secrecy
181:Harvard National Security Journal
174:"Coming to Terms With Secret Law"
66:Secret rules in UK public places
23:Secret law in the United States
366:. University Press of Kansas.
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76:privately owned public spaces
138:Ignorantia juris non excusat
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362:Arnold, Jason Ross (2014).
241:"The Arrival of Secret Law"
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357:The Georgetown Law Journal
228:Brennan Center for Justice
208:Brennan Center for Justice
33:Brennan Center for Justice
230:. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
210:. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
203:The New Era of Secret Law
172:Rudesill, Dakota (2015).
351:Manes, Jonathan (2018).
359:, Vol. 106:803, p. 804.
37:Office of Legal Counsel
50:measures taken by the
301:. 26 September 2017
144:Gilmore v. Gonzales
52:Bush administration
247:. 14 November 2004
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401:Promulgation
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331:. Retrieved
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305:26 September
303:. Retrieved
299:The Guardian
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249:. Retrieved
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224:"Secret Law"
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150:Promulgation
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391:Law by type
105:Der Prozess
101:Franz Kafka
60:Patriot Act
385:Categories
353:Secret Law
333:31 January
251:7 February
156:References
95:Literature
89:Siân Berry
17:Secret law
187:(1): 249.
110:The Trial
103:'s novel
327:HuffPost
128:Glasnost
117:See also
396:Secrecy
70:In the
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279:26 May
58:. The
273:Wired
177:(PDF)
368:ISBN
335:2020
307:2017
281:2011
253:2010
31:The
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