98:
453:
22:
635:
700:
651:
In accordance with
Badoglio's plan, the Eritrean Corps advanced from the mountain passes and the III Corps moved up from the Geba Valley. The second battle of the Tembien was fought on terrain which favoured the defence. It was a region of forests, ravines, and torrents where the Italians were unable
720:
fords. But, as his men straggled back along the one road open to them, they were bombed repeatedly. The rocky ravine where they were to cross the river turned out to be a bottleneck. The
Italian bombers focused on the concentrated solid mass of defeated Ethiopians and soon the area was turned into a
772:
Ras Kassa's army in the
Tembien region of Ethiopia, northwest of Makale, has been destroyed. He himself is fleeing for his life with a few followers. Now between the Italian forces and Addis Ababa all Northern Ethiopia lies open and almost defenseless. Only Emperor Haile Selassie's private army can
739:
On 29 February, the III Corps and the
Eritrean Corps linked up about three miles west of Abbi Addi and the trap was complete. Even so, a large portion of both Ethiopian armies managed to escape Badoglio's dragnet. However, the men who escaped were demoralized and with little or no equipment. By the
434:
late in the year to test
Badoglio. Initially successful, the goals of this offensive were overly ambitious. As the progress of the Christmas Offensive slowed, Italian plans to renew the advance on the northern front got under way. In addition to being granted permission to use poison gas, Badoglio
687:
the
Italians in the open. From 8:00am to 4:00pm, wave after wave of Ethiopians attempted to break through or get around the positions established by the Alpini and the Blackshirts of the Eritrean columns. Armed for the most part with swords and clubs, the attacks were mowed down and turned back by
582:
Badoglio now had three times the men fielded by the three remaining
Ethiopian armies; extra divisions had arrived in Eritrea and the network of roads he needed to guarantee resupply had been all but completed. Even so, Badoglio stockpiled 48,000 shells and 7 million rounds of ammunition in forward
443:
arrived in
Eritrea during early 1936. By mid-January 1936, Badoglio was ready to renew the Italian advance. In response to his frequent exhortations, Badoglio cabled Mussolini: "It has always been my rule to be meticulous in preparation so that I may be swift in action."
659:
The right wing of the
Ethiopian armies rested on Uork Amba (the "mountain of gold"). The Ethiopians established a strong point there. Amba Work blocked the road to Abbi Addi on which the Eritrean Corps and the III Corp planned to converge. One-hundred-and-fifty
571:
Mulugeta was killed and his army collapsed and was destroyed as a fighting force in the ensuing rout. With this completed, Badoglio turned back to the center to complete what he had started with the first battle of
Tembien. He would leave the army of
497:
with approximately 40,000 men was on the Ethiopian left in the area around Seleclaca in Shire Province. Only a minority of the Ethiopian soldiers had received military training, there were few modern weapons and less than one rifle per man.
460:
In early January 1936 Ethiopian forces were in the hills overlooking the Italian positions and launching attacks against them on a regular basis. The Ethiopians facing the Italians were in three groups. In the center, near
781:
Using his entire northern army of 300,000, Badoglio shattered the armies of Ras Kassa and Ras Seyoum... The Victory saw Fascist legions occupy strategic Golden Mountain , giving Badoglio control of northern
536:
Seyoumm were exerting such pressure from the Tembien that Badoglio decided that he would have to deal with them first. If the Ethiopian center was to successfully advance, I Corps and III Corps facing
797:
Seyoum were beaten. All three armies commanded by these men had been effectively destroyed. Only one of the four main northern armies remained intact. Badoglio now turned his attention towards
528:
Mulugeta's army as his first priority. This force would have to be dislodged from its strong positions on Amba Aradam in order for the Italians to continue the advance towards Addis Ababa. But
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668:
commandos were ordered to capture it under cover of darkness. Armed with grenades and knives, the commandos found the Ethiopians on the summit unprepared when they scaled the peak.
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for several days and Badoglio drawing up contingency plans for withdrawing the entire army. Eventually Italian pressure and the large scale use of mustard gas told and the threat
240:
1213:
291:
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233:
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321:
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Kassa now decided to do what the Emperor had indicated and started to withdraw his army towards Amba Aradam. His army in turn was heavily bombed.
226:
1043:
680:
590:
Kassa. After establishing itself across the roads running south from the Abbi Addi region, the Eritrean Corps would advance south from the
591:
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675:
Seyoum was drawn up in battle array in front of Abbi Addi. Heralded by the wail of battle horns and the roll of the war drums (
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1123:
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894:
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Seyoum decided that his men could take no more. His army left more than one-thousand dead on the battlefield as it fled.
501:
Badoglio had five army corps at his disposal. On his right, he had the Italian IV Corps and the Italian II Corps facing
1142:
618:
requesting permission to withdraw from the Tembien. The request was superfluous, Selassie had already indicated that
266:
64:
379:. This battle, which resulted in a decisive defeat of Ethiopian forces, was primarily fought in the area around the
31:
567:. The Italians made good use of their artillery and aerial superiority, and again the heavy use of Mustard gas.
422:. In December, after a brief period of inactivity and minor setbacks for the Italians, De Bono was replaced by
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89:
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251:
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two weeks later, they were accompanied by little more than the men of their personal bodyguards.
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Badoglio planned to send the III Corps towards Gaela to cut off the main line of withdrawal for
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436:
336:
316:
281:
35:
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Mulugeta would be cut off from reinforcement and resupply. From 20 January to 24 January, the
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331:
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42:
8:
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to deploy artillery properly or use armoured vehicles. However the Ethiopian soldiers of
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271:
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passes. These moves by the III Corps and the Eritrean Corps would place the armies of
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Mulugeta dug into Amba Aradam was the Italian I Corps and III Corps. Italian dictator
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was fought. This was fiercely fought, with the Ethiopians cutting off the Italian
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concentrated machine gun fire. As the attacks wavered the Italian commander
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Kassa should fall back towards Amba Aradam and link up with the remnants of
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The Civilizing Mission: A History of the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935-1936
614:
Kassa anticipated Badoglio's plan. He sent a wireless message to Emperor
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364:
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Imru in the Shire. In the Italian center was the Eritrean Corps facing
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462:
832:
List of Italian military equipment in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
634:
403:
124:
418:
with a force of approximately 100,000 Italian soldiers and 25,000
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419:
407:
396:
357:
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received additional ground forces. The elements of the Italian
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Writing as a correspondent at Italian Military Headquarters,
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and his army of approximately 80,000 men in positions atop
356:. This battle consisted of attacks by Italian forces under
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Kassa and his army on Debra Amba had not yet seen action.
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From the 10 to 19 February, Badoglio attacked the army of
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was impatient for an Italian offensive to get under way.
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offer resistance, and it is not expected to be serious.
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827:
List of Second Italo-Ethiopian War weapons of Ethiopia
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Ethiopian Order of Battle Second Italo-Abyssinian War
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Early on the morning of the 27 February, the army of
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Seyoum failed to take full advantage of the terrain.
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posed to the I Corps and III Corps was neutralized.
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Italian Order of Battle Second Italo-Abyssinian War
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383:. The battle is notable for the large-scale use of
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1082:. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 160 pages.
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967:
942:
479:with about 30,000 men. On the Ethiopian right was
748:Seyoum reached Haile Sellassie's headquarters at
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1114:. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. pp.
465:and along the Beles River in the Tembien, were
1214:Military operations involving chemical weapons
248:
234:
77:1936 battle of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
716:Seyoum ordered his army to pull back to the
1101:. New York: Dial Press. pp. 383 pages.
881:The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935–1936
524:Initially, Badoglio saw the destruction of
241:
227:
45:. Please do not remove this message until
1204:Battles of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
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451:
352:was fought on the northern front of the
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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1034:
876:
1186:
1105:
1096:
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610:Seyoum in a trap. It is possible that
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768:, cabled the following to his paper:
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1031:
885:. Westminster, MD: Osprey. pp.
777:A United Press correspondent wrote:
583:areas before he started the attack.
102:Italian artillery in Tembien in 1936
15:
13:
472:with approximately 40,000 men and
14:
1240:
1135:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
712:With his right flank in the air,
96:
20:
1110:Brassey's Dictionary of Battles
1071:
1059:
937:Brassey's Dictionary of Battles
911:Brassey's Dictionary of Battles
817:, the final battle of the war.
1229:Italian war crimes in Ethiopia
958:
929:
916:
903:
870:
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546:1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo"
513:Seyoum in the Tembien. Facing
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1:
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837:
390:
1209:History of the Tigray Region
1167:Army of the Ethiopian Empire
755:
7:
1041:"The Ethiopians are licked"
820:
414:. De Bono advanced towards
90:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
47:conditions to do so are met
10:
1245:
456:Italian offensives in 1936
363:on Ethiopian forces under
354:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
253:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
924:The Rape of Ethiopia 1936
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262:
204:
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95:
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1065:Barker, A. J. pp. 55, 97
350:second battle of Tembien
196:(Plus 50,000 in reserve)
83:Second battle of Tembien
877:Nicolle, David (1997).
813:Seyoum were present at
542:first battle of Tembien
1080:Rape of Ethiopia, 1936
854:Roughly equivalent to
784:
775:
709:
648:
457:
161:Commanders and leaders
1133:Shinn, D. H. (2013).
1106:Laffin, John (1995).
1097:Barker, A.J. (1968).
1078:Barker, A.J. (1971).
1026:Rape of Ethiopia 1936
1004:Rape of Ethiopia 1936
980:Rape of Ethiopia 1936
953:Rape of Ethiopia 1936
779:
770:
702:
637:
455:
205:Casualties and losses
1219:February 1936 events
803:forces in the Shire.
559:Mulugeta, dug in on
426:. Ethiopian Emperor
1137:. Scarecrow Press.
964:Shinn, D. H. p. 234
789:Mulugeta was dead.
762:Herbert L. Matthews
646:Duke of Addis Abeba
577:Imru Haile Selassie
495:Imru Haile Selassie
432:Christmas Offensive
395:On 3 October 1935,
114:27-29 February 1936
34:of this article is
1177:Royal Italian Army
1046:2008-12-22 at the
710:
649:
458:
412:declaration of War
123:Tembien Province,
1199:Conflicts in 1936
1125:978-0-7607-0767-8
1089:978-0-345-02462-6
896:978-1-85532-692-7
707:Kassa Haile Darge
626:Mulageta's army.
579:for another day.
565:Battle of Enderta
387:by the Italians.
370:Kassa Haile Darge
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484:Mulugeta Yeggazu
439:and the Italian
381:Tembien Province
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213:8,000 casualties
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690:counterattacked
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377:Seyoum Mangasha
361:Pietro Badoglio
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167:Pietro Badoglio
135:Italian victory
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1056:, 9 March 1936
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402:advanced into
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307:Lake Ashenge
282:Ganale Doria
179:
172:
144:Belligerents
88:Part of the
61:
52:
30:
728:Meanwhile,
563:during the
561:Amba Aradam
488:Amba Aradam
448:Preparation
416:Addis Ababa
385:mustard gas
337:Addis Ababa
312:2nd Tembien
287:1st Tembien
1188:Categories
1028:, pp. 84–4
838:References
809:Kassa and
793:Kassa and
744:Kassa and
681:Debra Ansa
666:Blackshirt
606:Kassa and
594:(Italian:
532:Kassa and
509:Kassa and
410:without a
391:Background
32:neutrality
1116:501 pages
865:Citations
843:Footnotes
782:Ethiopia.
756:Aftermath
550:Ras Kassa
463:Abbi Addi
437:III Corps
420:Eritreans
302:Mai LahlĂ
272:Christmas
43:talk page
1156:See also
1044:Archived
939:, pg. 28
926:, p. 59.
922:Barker,
913:, pg. 28
821:See also
677:negarait
441:IV Corps
424:Badoglio
404:Ethiopia
188:Strength
155:Ethiopia
125:Ethiopia
119:Location
36:disputed
1006:, p. 83
982:, p. 59
955:, p. 55
815:Maychew
764:of the
639:Marshal
592:Worsege
408:Eritrea
397:General
358:Marshal
327:Maychew
297:Enderta
267:De Bono
1141:
1122:
1086:
893:
750:Quorom
718:Tekezé
685:attack
662:Alpini
630:Battle
600:Ab'aro
598:) and
596:Uarieu
477:Seyoum
332:Ogaden
322:Gondar
292:Uarieu
200:40,000
193:70,000
182:Seyoum
132:Result
805:Both
740:time
470:Kassa
406:from
317:Shire
175:Kassa
150:Italy
1139:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1084:ISBN
891:ISBN
856:Duke
664:and
372:and
348:The
277:Dolo
111:Date
29:The
811:Ras
807:Ras
799:Ras
795:Ras
791:Ras
787:Ras
746:Ras
742:Ras
734:Ras
730:Ras
714:Ras
704:Ras
694:Ras
683:to
673:Ras
654:Ras
624:Ras
620:Ras
612:Ras
608:Ras
604:Ras
588:Ras
574:Ras
569:Ras
557:Ras
538:Ras
534:Ras
530:Ras
526:Ras
515:Ras
511:Ras
507:Ras
503:Ras
492:Ras
481:Ras
475:Ras
468:Ras
374:Ras
366:Ras
180:Ras
173:Ras
1190::
1118:.
1050:,
1033:^
1011:^
987:^
969:^
944:^
889:.
725:.
692:.
644:,
490:.
1147:.
1128:.
1092:.
899:.
887:8
858:.
242:e
235:t
228:v
68:)
62:(
57:)
53:(
49:.
39:.
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