746:, charged that CPI(M) had adopted a "domineering and dictatorial" attitude towards its coalition partners and CPI in particular. In September 1969 the CPI West Bengal State Council issued a resolution that accused CPI(M) of following a 'bankrupt opportunistic line' and claimed CPI(M) had created a 'reign of terror' in the Baranagore against CPI activists.
721:
During this period, there was significant levels of political violence in the state. Clashes between political parties were often violent, even between United Front coalition partners. Over 700 political murders were reported in 1969, over 600 of them being acknowledged by the state Home
Department.
734:
There was significant infighting between coalition partners. Coalition partners accused CPI(M) of trying to impose its own hegemony over the United Front. There was tension between the two main United Front coalition partners, the Bangla
Congress and the CPI(M). The prevailing chaos in the cabinet
725:
By mid-1969 CPI(M) had an organised 50,000 member strong volunteer force in West Bengal, a body the party thought of as an embryo of a future
Liberation Army. The RSP had a paramilitary body of its own, the Inquilabi Fouj ('Revolutionary Army'), the CPI also developed a fighting unit. Wealthy
708:
The CPI(ML) clashed with both police forces and the CPI(M). The United Front government sought to quell the
Naxalite movement and arrested a number of its leaders. Nevertheless, the violence continued. The Naxalites turned West Bengal into a battlefield, whilst the United Front was also under
631:, claimed 939,000 members in West Bengal. Through popular mobilisation 300,000 acres of land was redistributed, according to government sources, but widespread confrontations provoked a chaotic situation across the state. Clashes occurred between members of different political parties.
754:
On 19 February 1970, three ministers belonging to the Bangla
Congress (Sushil Kumar Dhara, Charu Mihir Sarkar and Bhabatosh Soren) submitted their resignations to their party. Ajoy Mukherjee presented his resignation on 16 March 1970. The government was dismissed on 19 March 1970.
79:. Nevertheless, CPI(M) obtained all key portfolios in the government. SUCI resented the fact that it had not been given the Labour portfolio. The Food and Supplies department had been allocated to the CPI(M), but CPI(M) allowed
645:
s were effectively legalised. Salaries of workers increased as a result. In the first six months of the second United Front government there were 551 strikes and 73 lock-outs across the state, affecting some 570,000 workers.
622:
organised groups of 5–10 cadres in the country-side to organise poor peasants seize lands above the legal limit. At times groups of over 10,000 peasants would congregate to seize lands. The groups of cadres also organised
67:
Second United Front cabinet took office in
February 1969. The second United Front cabinet had 27 cabinet ministers and 3 ministers of state. By comparison, the 1967 first United Front cabinet had 19 ministers.
582:
declined joining the government, but supported it from outside. However, SSP was not fully supportive of the government. CPI(M) and SSP activists clashes in the tea gardens and colleries. SSP, along with the
698:, which had been jailed by the first United Front government in 1967, were released in April 1969. The United Front deemed that the Naxalite movement in northern Bengal had been subdued by this time.
654:
In local governance, the second United Front continued in the path of the first United Front government. A comprehensive
Panchayat Bill was presented in the Legislative Assembly.
742:
There was also significant tension between CPI(M) and CPI, with the CPI being increasing drawn towards the Indian
National Congress. In June 1969 the CPI general secretary,
32:
calling the shots but with a non-leftist Chief
Minister. The 13-month reign of the Second United Front Cabinet was marked by the struggle for comprehensive
1600:
71:
CPI(M) was the largest party of the United Front in the
Legislative Assembly, but as per a pre-election agreement the post of Chief Minister went to
563:
1595:
59:, with a 32-point common programme. The election outcome was a landslide victory for the United Front; winning 214 seats and 49.7% of the votes.
1590:
56:
678:
hills was one of the 32 points in the 1969 United Front programme. Nevertheless, no progress was made on this front during its short tenure.
24:
for 13 months, 1969–1970. The Second United Front Cabinet was formed after the 1967 First United Front Cabinet had been dismissed in 1967,
1615:
1575:
702:
1630:
1620:
1560:
591:
639:
With the CPI(M) in charge of the Home and Labour departments, police were instructed not to intervene against striking workers.
271:
84:
28:
introduced and a mid-term election held in 1969. The United Front got a renewed popular mandate in the 1969 election, with the
1625:
1539:
1462:
1388:
1361:
1331:
1298:
1271:
1239:
1168:
1134:
1102:
1070:
986:
914:
855:
823:
787:
404:
301:
618:. At the time the legal limit on land holdings was 25 acres, but in many cases landlords held more lands under fake names.
628:
619:
615:
492:
449:
419:
361:
256:
243:
230:
142:
127:
29:
726:
landlords, in resistance against the United Front parties and the Naxalites, set up their own private paramilitaries.
1605:
1585:
1512:
1435:
1020:
323:
1580:
1565:
507:
434:
1610:
627:
to demand from landowners that their shares be paid in full. By late 1969 the CPI(M) peasant front, the
1376:
567:
566:
was named new Refugee, Relief and Rehabilitation and Jails Minister after Niranjan Sengupta's death.
560:, was sworn in as Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Minister, raising the number of ministers to 31.
308:
1570:
579:
537:
462:
376:
331:
200:
477:
1487:
961:
815:
346:
316:
215:
157:
149:
1378:
1288:
1229:
1092:
845:
1452:
1321:
1261:
1192:
1158:
1124:
904:
777:
557:
338:
1425:
1377:
Jean Drèze; Amartya Sen; World Institute for Development Economics Research (10 July 1997).
1008:
736:
584:
522:
104:
72:
8:
664:
587:, raised the 'Rabindra Sarobar incident' issue to discredit the United Front government.
263:
80:
49:
45:
25:
735:
pushed the Chief Minister to undertake a hunger strike in Curzon Park, just in front of
1480:
954:
808:
607:
553:
179:
164:
134:
1535:
1508:
1458:
1431:
1384:
1357:
1327:
1294:
1267:
1235:
1164:
1130:
1098:
1066:
1016:
982:
910:
851:
819:
783:
659:
499:
441:
353:
293:
1214:
The panchayat administration in West Bengal: a study of West Bengal's unhappy utopia
743:
668:
570:
replaced Abdullah Rasul as Transport Minister, after Abdullah Rasul's resignation.
529:
383:
1529:
1502:
1405:
1351:
1212:
1060:
1036:
1010:
976:
931:
876:
611:
469:
426:
391:
286:
278:
187:
172:
112:
76:
695:
514:
368:
222:
1407:
The Congress (O) in West Bengal politics: role performance and role perception
1554:
624:
411:
1126:
Problems of Governance in India Since Independence: The Bengal Success Story
48:
cabinet had been dismissed by the West Bengal Governor on 21 November 1967.
207:
810:
The Uncertain Verdict: A Study of the 1969 Elections in Four Indian States
709:
pressure from the Indian National Congress and the Congress government in
1062:
Marxist parties of West Bengal in opposition and in government, 1947–2001
978:
Marxist parties of West Bengal in opposition and in government, 1947–2001
779:
The Puzzle of India's Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory
691:
603:
33:
21:
675:
484:
119:
1012:
Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952–1991
906:
Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India
109:
Chief Minister, Home (other than General Administration and Police)
1317:
687:
1231:
Making Imperial Mentalities: Socialisation and British Imperialism
1290:
Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker
1009:
Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee.
701:
On 22 April 1969, the Naxalites formed a party of their own, the
1263:
Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa
657:
In Education, the Second United Front government introduced the
124:
Deputy Chief Minister, Home (General Administration and Police)
36:, labour disputes, political violence and coalition infighting.
641:
1190:
933:
The politics of power: defections and state politics in India
710:
20:
was the coalition government that ruled the Indian state of
881:. Vol. 7. Intercontinental Press. 1969. p. 274.
594:
also supported the United Front government from outside.
1210:
1197:. Brill Archive. pp. 49–50, 56. GGKEY:BEAUDTYBNJT.
1527:
52:
had been introduced in the state on 20 February 1968.
1160:
Divided We Govern: Coalition Politics in Modern India
951:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1403:
1206:
1204:
1191:Aziz Ahmad; Karigoudar Ishwaran (1 December 1973).
1479:
1450:
1380:Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspectives
1259:
953:
947:
945:
943:
929:
909:. University of California Press. pp. 31–32.
807:
1177:
739:, in protest against his own coalition partners.
1552:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1201:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
843:
775:
373:Local Self Government, Development and Planning
55:A 12-party United Front coalition contested the
1444:
1286:
1122:
940:
547:
1482:Socialism, Democracy, and Nationalism in India
839:
837:
835:
57:1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
1531:West Bengal's Jyoti Basu: a political profile
1410:. B.B. Co., Publication Division. p. 44.
1340:
1323:Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India
1143:
1090:
805:
446:Refugee, Relief and Rehabilitation and Jails
1521:
1500:
1477:
1423:
1370:
1280:
1234:. Manchester University Press. p. 122.
1227:
1118:
1116:
1114:
847:The Politics of Autonomy: Indian Experiences
1601:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
1255:
1253:
1251:
1163:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60.
1086:
1084:
1082:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
902:
832:
801:
799:
771:
769:
767:
703:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
1419:
1417:
1312:
1310:
1221:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
974:
923:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
814:. University of California Press. p.
1494:
1471:
1397:
1129:. Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd. pp. 86–87.
1111:
1097:. Harvard University Press. p. 126.
1248:
1079:
995:
968:
796:
764:
1451:Bidyut Chakrabarty (13 November 2014).
1414:
1307:
1045:
885:
729:
1596:Revolutionary Communist Party of India
1553:
1065:. Progressive Publishers. p. 77.
981:. Progressive Publishers. p. 92.
272:Revolutionary Communist Party of India
85:Revolutionary Communist Party of India
1591:Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
1356:. Vol. 3. Praeger. p. 241.
1260:Satya Prakash Dash (1 January 2006).
844:Ranabir Samaddar (13 December 2005).
716:
62:
1287:Andrew Robinson (21 February 2004).
1266:. Sarup & Sons. pp. 18–19.
1316:
1091:Sumantra Bose (16 September 2013).
936:. National Pub. House. p. 518.
871:
869:
867:
634:
474:Schedule Castes and Tribes Welfare
212:Cottage and Small Scale Industries
154:Agriculture, Community Development
13:
1616:1969 establishments in West Bengal
1576:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
1507:. Allied Publishers. p. 136.
850:. SAGE Publications. p. 182.
493:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
450:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
420:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
362:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
257:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
244:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
231:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
143:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
128:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
30:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
14:
1642:
1041:. Vol. 15. 1969. p. 28.
681:
649:
313:Information and Public Relations
1383:. Clarendon Press. p. 131.
1211:Asok Kumar Mukhopadhyay (1977).
864:
197:Co-operation and Social Welfare
139:Land and Land Revenue (Reforms)
1631:Cabinets disestablished in 1970
1621:1970 disestablishments in India
1534:. Gian Pub. House. p. 35.
1528:Surajit Kumar Dasgupta (1992).
1501:Sankar Ghose (1 January 1978).
1427:The future for Indian democracy
1029:
776:Subrata K. Mitra (7 May 2007).
508:Socialist Unity Centre of India
435:Socialist Unity Centre of India
1561:Coalition governments of India
1430:. Fabian Society. p. 30.
1194:Contributions to Asian Studies
1059:Sudhir Ray (1 November 2007).
1015:. The Committee. p. 379.
975:Sudhir Ray (1 November 2007).
960:. Patriot Publishers. p.
956:Left Experiment in West Bengal
952:Profulla Roychoudhury (1985).
903:Amrita Basu (1 October 1994).
597:
18:Second Ajoy Mukherjee ministry
1:
1486:. Allied Publishers. p.
758:
405:Revolutionary Socialist Party
302:Revolutionary Socialist Party
39:
1626:Cabinets established in 1969
1404:Prabhat Kumar Palit (1983).
1353:History of the International
548:Later changes in the cabinet
534:Tourism (Minister of State)
7:
1293:. I.B.Tauris. p. 201.
930:Subhash C. Kashyap (1974).
686:A number of leaders of the
519:Sports (Minister of State)
416:Passport and Civil Defence
10:
1647:
1217:. World Press. p. 30.
1038:Indian Recorder and Digest
556:, dissident leader of the
504:Roads (Minister of State)
459:Relief and Social Welfare
309:Jyoti Bhushan Bhattacharya
1457:. Routledge. p. 55.
1350:Julius Braunthal (1980).
1157:Sanjay Ruparelia (2015).
782:. Routledge. p. 99.
592:Progressive Muslim League
573:
343:Judicial and Legislative
328:Irrigation and Waterways
87:to occupy this ministry.
1606:Bolshevik Party of India
1586:Communist Party of India
1454:Left Radicalism in India
1123:Prasenjit Maiti (2002).
614:the key priority of the
580:Samyukta Socialist Party
538:Bolshevik Party of India
463:Communist Party of India
377:Communist Party of India
332:Communist Party of India
201:Communist Party of India
169:Commerce and Industries
749:
478:All India Gorkha League
237:Krishna Chandra Halder
1581:All India Forward Bloc
1566:West Bengal ministries
1326:. Zubaan. p. 51.
878:Intercontinental Press
806:Ramashray Roy (1975).
401:Parliamentary Affairs
347:All India Forward Bloc
317:Workers Party of India
216:All India Forward Bloc
184:Community Development
158:All India Forward Bloc
150:Kanailal Bhattacharyya
1478:Sankar Ghose (1973).
1424:Sitanshu Das (1970).
1228:J. A. Mangan (1990).
558:Praja Socialist Party
339:Bhakti Bhushan Mandal
1611:Marxist Forward Bloc
730:Coalition infighting
585:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
523:Marxist Forward Bloc
250:Pravash Chandra Roy
105:Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
73:Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
665:Rabindranath Tagore
324:Biswanath Mukherjee
264:Sudhindranath Kumar
81:Sudhindranath Kumar
1094:Transforming India
717:Political violence
690:movement, such as
608:Hare Krishna Konar
554:Sudhir Chandra Das
456:Abdur Rezzak Khan
398:Jatin Chakraborty
180:Charu Mihir Sarkar
165:Sushil Kumar Dhara
135:Hare Krishna Konar
63:Ministers sworn in
1541:978-81-212-0420-0
1464:978-1-317-66805-3
1390:978-0-19-829204-3
1363:978-0-89158-369-1
1333:978-81-86706-23-7
1300:978-1-86064-965-3
1273:978-81-7625-700-8
1241:978-0-7190-2864-9
1170:978-0-19-026491-8
1136:978-81-7936-002-6
1104:978-0-674-72819-6
1072:978-81-8064-135-0
988:978-81-8064-135-0
916:978-0-520-08919-8
857:978-81-321-0364-6
825:978-0-520-02475-5
789:978-1-134-27493-2
737:Writers' Building
674:Autonomy for the
602:Mobilization for
543:
542:
500:Protiva Mukherjee
442:Niranjan Sengupta
354:Krishnapada Ghosh
294:Nani Bhattacharya
194:Renu Chakraborty
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1545:
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1518:
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1043:
1042:
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1006:
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883:
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873:
862:
861:
841:
830:
829:
813:
803:
794:
793:
773:
744:C. Rajeshwar Rao
669:Bengali language
635:Labour struggles
530:Barada Mukutmoni
384:Bibhuti Dasgupta
90:
89:
50:President's Rule
26:President's Rule
1646:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1571:Bangla Congress
1551:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1499:
1495:
1476:
1472:
1465:
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719:
684:
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637:
612:Benoy Choudhury
600:
576:
550:
470:Deo Prakash Rai
427:Subodh Banerjee
392:Lok Sewak Sangh
287:Bangla Congress
279:Bhabatosh Soren
188:Bangla Congress
173:Bangla Congress
113:Bangla Congress
77:Bangla Congress
65:
42:
12:
11:
5:
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1504:Changing India
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696:Jangal Santhal
683:
682:Naxal uprising
680:
651:
650:Other policies
648:
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629:Krishak Samiti
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575:
572:
564:Tarun Sengupta
552:On 9 May 1969
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515:Ram Chatterjee
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369:Somnath Lahiri
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223:Satyapriya Roy
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