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ship, as well as the welfare of the crew on board. The chief mate typically stands the 4–8 navigation watch as 'officer-in-charge of the navigational watch' (OICNW), directing the bridge team. Some crews have additional Third mates, which allow the chief mate to not stand navigational watch, and focus more on cargo and deck operations. Additional duties include maintenance of the ship's hull, cargo gears, accommodations, life-saving appliances, and firefighting appliances. The chief mate also trains the crew and cadets on various aspects like safety, firefighting, search and rescue, and other contingencies. The chief officer assumes command of the whole ship in the absence or incapacitation of the master.
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equipment on board ensuring that it is safe and operational. Other duties include directing line handlers, cargo watches, directing anchor details and training and instructing crew members. They are normally part of the command team during emergencies and drills. The Third mate typically stands the 0800 to 1200 hrs and 2000 to 0000 hrs navigation watch as 'officer-in-charge of the navigational watch' (OICNW), directing the bridge team.
66:
25:
275:. Another notable trend is that administrative work has increased considerably on board, partly as an effect of increased focus on safety and security. A study shows that due to this development certain skills are missing and some are desired, so that a new degree of flexibility and job sharing has arisen, as the workload of each crew member also increases.
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910:(/ˈboʊsən/), bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun, was the warrant officer of the deck department. As deck crew foreman, the boatswain planned the day's work and assigned tasks to the deck crew. As work was completed, the boatswain checked the completed work was done correctly. He supervised the Ropemaker, the Boatswain's mate and the Sailmaker.
876:
called "assistant surgeons". The surgeon and his mates were assisted by boys, who were called "loblolly boys", named after the gruel commonly served in the sick bay. A small number of doctors with a prestigious medical education were ranked as physicians; they would supervise surgeons on ships or run hospitals on shore.
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was the officer responsible for all administrative duties and ship's supplies, such as food and drink, clothing, bedding, candles. The purser was originally known as "the clerk of burser". Pursers received no pay but were entitled to profits made through their business activities. In the 18th century
773:
is the senior unlicensed crew member working in the steward's department of a ship. The position corresponds to that of the boatswain in the deck department, the pump man in an oil tanker, and the electrician (but not ETO) in the engine department of a container ship or general cargo ship. It is the
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in rank and responsibilities. After serving at least three years as a midshipman or master's mate, he was eligible to take the examination for lieutenant. Promotion to lieutenant was not automatic, and many midshipmen took positions as master's mates for an increase in pay and responsibility aboard
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The electro-technical officer sometimes referred to as the electrical engineer is in charge of all the electrical systems on the ship. The electrical engineer is one of the most vital positions in the technical hierarchy of a ship and engineer is responsible for their assigned work under the chief
441:
The third officer is a qualified OICNW watch-stander, junior to the second mate. When on navigational watch, the third mate directs the bridge team, maneuvering the vessel, keeping it safe and on track. The third mate's primary duty is matters of safety, inspecting gear lockers, lifeboats, and all
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The chief mate is the head of the deck department on a merchant's vessel, second-in-command after the ship's master. The chief mate's primary responsibilities are the vessel's cargo operations, its stability, and supervising the deck crew. The mate is responsible for the safety and security of the
270:
There are some notable trends in modern or twenty-first century seamanship. Usually, seafarers work on board a ship between three and six years. Afterwards, they are well prepared for working in the
European maritime industry ashore. Generally, there are some differences between naval and civilian
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was the medical officer of the ship. Surgeons were ranked by the Navy Board based on their training and social status. Surgeons were wardroom warrant officers with a high status, billeted along with the other officers in the wardroom. Surgeons were assisted by surgeon's mates, who after 1805 were
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was an experienced petty officer, who assisted the master, but was not in line for promotion to lieutenant. By the mid-eighteenth century, he was far more likely to be a superior midshipman, still waiting to pass his examination for lieutenant or to receive his commission, but taking rather more
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The third engineer or second assistant engineer is usually in charge of boilers, fuel, auxiliary engines, condensate and feed systems, and is the third most senior marine engineer on board. Depending on usage, "the Second" or "the Third" is also typically in charge of fueling (a.k.a. bunkering),
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The second mate is a qualified OICNW watch stander, directing the bridge team and navigating the ship. The second mate is the third most-experienced deck department officer after the captain/master and chief mate. The second mate's primary duty is navigational, which includes updating charts and
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Some shipping companies do not carry electrical officers on their ship to cut down the manning cost, and the electrical duties are carried by an engineer. This is usually the third engineer. However, many companies realized that electrical and electronic system requires some extra attention and
365:
The captain is responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the ship under their command. It is their responsibility to ensure that all the departments perform to the requirements. Therefore, the heads of the various departments answer to them. The captain represents the owner and hence is called
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The captain or master is the ship's highest responsible officer, acting on behalf of the ship's owner. Whether the captain is a member of the deck department or not is a matter of some controversy, and generally depends on the opinion of an individual captain. When a ship has a third mate, the
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The chief steward directs, instructs, and assigns personnel performing such functions as preparing and serving meals; cleaning and maintaining officers' quarters and steward department areas; and receiving, issuing, and inventorying stores. The chief steward also plans menus; compiles supply,
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On larger vessels such as cruise ships, electro-technical officers can have ranks within their profession, such position names include, lead ETO, 1st electrician, chief electrical officer or chief electrical engineer. In this situation, the highest ranked electro-technical officer will report
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The engineers are also called technical officers. They are responsible for keeping the ship and the machinery running. Today, ships are complex units that combine a lot of technology within a small space. This includes not only the engine and the propulsion system, but also, for example, the
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a purser would buy his warrant for £65 and was required to post sureties totalling £2,100 with the
Admiralty. They maintained and sailed the ships and were the standing officers of the navy, staying with the ships in port between voyages as caretakers supervising repairs and refitting.
567:
The chief engineer, commonly referred to as "The chief", or just "chief", is responsible for all operations and maintenance that have to do with all machinery and equipment throughout the ship. He is paid on par with the captain, and holds the same rank as the captain.
476:. They assist in all other tasks that can arise during a voyage. This includes for example, mooring, cleaning of the ship and its holds and repairing broken lines and ropes. These are physically challenging jobs and have to be done regardless of the weather.
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is the highest rankings unlicensed (rating) in the deck department. The boatswain generally carries out the tasks instructed by the chief mate, directing the able seamen and ordinary seamen. The boatswain generally does not stand a navigational watch.
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The chief cook directs and participates in the preparation and serving of meals; determines timing and sequence of operations required to meet serving times; inspects galley and equipment for cleanliness and proper storage and preparation of food.
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Unlike engineers, the ETO does not carry out an assigned engine room watch. Instead, he is normally on call 24 hours a day and generally works a daily shift carrying out electrical and electronic maintenance, repairs, installations, and testing.
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An able seaman (AB) works under the boatswain, completing tasks such as working mooring lines, operating deck gear, standing anchor details, and working cargo. An able seaman also stands a navigational watch, generally as a lookout or helmsman.
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publications, keeping them current, making passage plans, and all aspects of ship navigation. The second mate's other duties may include directing line handlers, cargo watches, directing anchor detail and training and instructing crew members.
255:, filled with sophisticated navigational equipment, requires skills differing from those used on deck operations – such as berthing, cargo and/or military devices – which in turn requires skills different from those used in a ship's
246:
is a tradition that encompasses a variety of professions and ranks. Each of these roles carries unique responsibilities that are integral to the successful operation of a seafaring vessel. A ship's crew can generally be divided into
271:
seafarers. One example is nationality on merchant vessels, which is usually diverse and not identical like on military craft. As a result, special cross-cultural training is required – especially with regard to a
266:
of professions and ranks. Ship operators have understandably employed a wide variety of positions, given the vast array of technologies, missions, and circumstances that ships have been subjected to over the years.
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The second engineer or first assistant engineer is the officer responsible for supervising the daily maintenance and operation of the engine department. He or she reports directly to the chief engineer.
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The lowest ranking personnel in the deck department. An ordinary seaman (OS) generally helps out with work that able seamen do. Other tasks include standing lookout, and generally cleaning duties.
564:
The chief engineer on a merchant vessel is the official title of someone qualified to oversee the engine department. The qualification for this position is colloquially called a "Chief's Ticket".
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electrical power supply, devices for loading and discharging, garbage incineration and fresh water generators. An engineer is commonly considered a high officer in ranking in the ship.
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overtime, and cost control records. The steward may requisition or purchase stores and equipment. Additional duties may include baking bread, rolls, cakes, pies and pastries.
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The Yeoman of the Sheets was in charge of the rope store. Given that the ship was rarely dry inside and the ropes rotted when wet, preserving the rope was a major problem.
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was the warrant officer who was responsible for the maintenance and repair of the wooden components of the ship. He supervised the
Caulker, the Carpenter's mate and the
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The wiper is an unlicensed member of the engine department, usually with the least experience and having the Engine Room Watch Rating (ERWR) Certificate STCW A-III/4.
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who has to learn the basic duties of a deck officer on board a ship. Deck cadets after sufficient sea time and exams attain certificate of competency of OICNW.
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The motorman is an unlicensed member of the engine department, same requirement with the oiler both having the Able
Seafarer Engine Certificate STCW A-III/5.
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of a sailing vessel. The rank can be equated to a professional seaman and specialist in navigation, rather than as a military commander and was originally a
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The oiler is an unlicensed member of the engine department, with more experience than a wiper and having the Able
Seafarer Engine Certificate STCW A-III/5.
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therefore require an expert to attend them. This is especially true on diesel electric ships or vessels equipped with systems such as dynamic positioning.
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711:, the electro-technical officer can sometimes earn nearly the same wage as a chief engineer due to the complexity of the electrical systems on the ship.
722:(also known as the Manila Amendment) on June 25, 2010, to introduce the certified position of electro-technical officer in place of electrical officer.
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the old position of radio officer is far less common, although a U.S. Coast Guard license is still issued for it. Ship officers may be licensed by the
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naval officer in command of a ship and was addressed by naval custom as "captain" while aboard in command, regardless of the officer's actual rank.
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were commissioned officers immediately subordinate to the captain. Lieutenants were numbered by their seniority within the ship, so that a
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The fourth engineer or third assistant engineer is junior to the second assistant engineer/third engineer in the engine department.
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251:: the deck department, the engineering department, the steward's department, and other. The reasoning behind this is that a ship's
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366:"master." The captain is officially not considered to be a crew member, which seems to resolve the controversy mentioned above.
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As the technology advances, more automation and electronic circuits are replacing conventional and electrical systems. The
1232:"Why is the Colonel Called "Kernal"? The Origin of the Ranks and Rank Insignia Now Used by the United States Armed Forces"
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830:(which was entitled to three lieutenants) would have a first lieutenant, a second lieutenant, and a third lieutenant. A
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Epaulettes worn by the chief officer on merchant ships (similar to those worn by a commander in the
Commonwealth navies)
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was an apprentice officer who had previously served at least three years as a volunteer, officer's servant or
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has not been used on French ships since 1997 and on U.S. ones since 1999 However, an FCC certificate for
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and other weapons. He supervised the
Armourer, the Gunners mate and the Yeoman of the Powder room.
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granted the officer holds a valid Person In Charge (PIC) endorsement for fuel transfer operations.
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equivalent to a chief petty officer in the Navy, and equal to a captain rank in the kitchen.
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Cross-cultural training needs of seafarers, shore-based personnel and industry stakeholders
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Relative ranks in the Royal Navy, c. 1810. Warrant officers are underlined in the chart.
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With advancements in satellite communications leading to the widespread adoption of the
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in training to become an
Engineer Officer, usually as part of a study program with a
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United States Coast Guard
Merchant Mariner Licensing and Documentation web site
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A Sea of Words: Lexicon and
Companion for Patrick O'Brian's Seafaring Tales
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The Captain of Marines was the commissioned officer in command of the
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was entitled to six lieutenants, and they were numbered accordingly.
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who are responsible for the navigation and safe passage of the ship.
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as GMDSS operators and electrical officers as GMDSS maintainers.
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The Wooden World: Anatomy of the Georgian Navy by N.A.M. Rodger,
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responsibility aboard ship. Six master's mates were allowed on a
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was a literate worker who did administrative work on the ship.
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and was eventually renamed to "navigating lieutenant" in 1867.
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directly to the chief engineer. On special class ships such as
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or trainee navigational officer or nautical apprentice is an
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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maintained and repaired the smaller weapons on the ship.
841:" was a naval officer trained in and responsible for the
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Trainee Marine Engineer or Engine cadet is a student or
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Mariners without a certificate of competence are called
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Maritime Morse Code Slips Gradually Under the Waves
991:maintained and repaired the caulking of the ship's
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
887:, his social status meant he was made an officer.
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1341:. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press. p.
1310:. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press. p.
1191:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p.
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1338:Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization
1307:Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization
1188:Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization
965:, and was roughly equivalent to a present-day
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296:The examples and perspective in this article
175:The examples and perspective in this article
998:The Ropemaker made, maintained and repaired
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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883:led the ship's religious services. As an
334:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1234:. United States Navy. Archived from
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1163:... --- ... .-. .. .--. (SOS, RIP)
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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279:Modern ship's complement
262:The following is only a
1228:Naval Historical Center
741:may still be obtained.
616:Trainee Marine Engineer
1335:Lavery, Brian (1989).
1304:Lavery, Brian (1989).
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1723:Nautical terminology
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1472:Shipmaster (captain)
806:commissioned officer
745:Steward's department
539:Engineering officers
316:create a new article
308:improve this article
249:four main categories
195:create a new article
187:improve this article
177:may not represent a
84:improve this article
1697:Nautical operations
1380:King, Dean (2001).
895:The Gunner was the
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1079:"Careers on board"
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1081:. Go-maritime.net
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1386:. Henry Holt.
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1520:Able seaman
1487:Second mate
1137:13 December
1114:13 December
1085:13 December
963:able seaman
851:lieutenants
824:Lieutenants
505:Able seaman
499:Able seaman
422:Second mate
416:Second mate
360:stand watch
353:Sea captain
257:engine room
1712:Categories
1646:Chief cook
1615:department
1613:Steward's
1541:department
1492:Third mate
1482:Chief mate
1457:department
1399:2009-05-19
1242:2007-05-26
1049:References
1002:on board.
959:Midshipman
940:third rate
936:first rate
843:navigation
832:first-rate
816:See also:
786:See also:
771:chief cook
765:Chief cook
735:Morse code
622:apprentice
462:apprentice
458:deck cadet
452:Deck cadet
446:Deck cadet
437:Third mate
431:Third mate
399:First mate
393:Chief mate
203:April 2010
110:newspapers
39:improve it
1515:Boatswain
1292:King 2001
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915:carpenter
908:Boatswain
492:boatswain
486:Boatswain
480:Boatswain
324:July 2021
312:talk page
244:Seafaring
191:talk page
45:talk page
1589:Motorman
1021:See also
982:Armourer
944:frigates
881:Chaplain
818:Wardroom
637:Motorman
306:You may
185:You may
1728:Sailing
1690:Related
1656:Steward
989:Caulker
950:Senior
873:Surgeon
828:frigate
802:Captain
720:STCW 95
474:ratings
347:Captain
124:scholar
1681:Sailor
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1108:(PDF)
1005:The "
1000:ropes
975:Clerk
709:FPSOs
665:Wiper
651:Oiler
314:, or
193:, or
131:JSTOR
117:books
1455:Deck
1388:ISBN
1367:ISBN
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1316:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1139:2014
1116:2014
1087:2014
993:hull
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