229:
75:
33:
351:. These ferns are part of the Ophioglossales order and Ophioglossaceae, known as the Adder’s tongue family. There are three ways to help distinguish the cut-leaf grape fern and the rattlesnake fern. The first is by size, the rattle snake fern can be found up to two feet tall compared to the cut-leaf fern that can be found up to a foot tall. Second the petiole or stalk for a cut-leaf fern is light green while the rattlesnake fern’s petiole is pink at the base.
52:
420:
ranges from
Minnesota, south to northeastern Texas and across the east coast of the US. The habitats of the cutleaf grapefern are woodlands, sandy grasslands, the edge of swamps or ravines. One of the favored habitats of these plants are woodlands of deciduous forests where the cutleaf grapefern
298:
leaves are a light green during the spring and early summer, with the leaves become deciduous in late summer. The leaves usually turn a bronze color in late fall through winter. The grape like sporangia range from green to yellow. The petiole or stalk of the plant is green from top to bottom and
448:
may occur Spore germination and early gametophyte growth were also directly effected by oxidation level of the supplied nitrogen source. The fern remains dependent on the fungi even after sterile and fertile leaves emerge. Unlike some members of the
Ophioglossacae,
249:, occurring in eastern North America. Like other plants in this group, it normally only sends up one frond per year. It has long been the subject of confusion because the frond presents in one of two forms, either the normal form (forma
436:
is also perennial. The cutleaf grapefern typically grows in partial sunlight to medium shade. For soil conditions the cutleaf grapefern grows in soil containing loam or sandy loam. The cutleaf grapefern also grows in moist to
661:
457:
only creates one leaf per year. The cutleaf grapefern is rumored to live for about 10 to 45 years. Because the cutleaf grapefern is so hard to cultivate it is rarely used horticulturally.
276:. It has an unusual growing season, with the new frond emerging in July and dying back in May. The frond often turns from green to a bronze color during the winter.
999:
McCauley, David E.; Whittier, Dean P.; Reilly, Linda M. (1985-12-01). "Inbreeding and the Rate of Self-Fertilization in a Grape Fern, Botrychium
Dissectum".
444:
The spores have to be in darkness for 3-4 weeks before any spore germination can occurs. The longer the spores remain in darkness the greater percentage of
929:
Melan, M. A.; Whittier, D. P. (1990-06-01). "Effects of inorganic nitrogen sources on spore germination and gametophyte growth in
Botrychium dissectum".
189:
1407:
306:
At first glance most think there are two separate fronds. The fertile stalk is joined to the stalk of sterile leaf blade near the rhizome. The
1178:
294:(Spreng.) Lyon has two separate fronds. The fertile frond looks superficially like a stalk of grapes while the other sterile frond is leafy.
441:
conditions. The cutleaf grapefern takes a long time to develop from its spores the fern is dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for survival.
1459:
1368:
1129:
1420:
310:
resemble grapes which is why these types of ferns are known as grape ferns. The leaves on a sterile frond have lacy edges.
964:
Whittier, P. (1981). "Spore
Germination and Young Gametophyte Development of Botrychium and Ophioglossum in Axenic Culture".
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throughout most of its range. It is a frequent denizen of disturbed lands, often growing with
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32:
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663:
Botanical
Gazette; Paper of Botanical Notes. Crawfordsville, IN, Chicago, IL
253:) that resembles other plants in the genus, or the skeletonized form (forma
1490:
1235:
465:
Wild turkey and ruffed grouse feed on the leaves, as do white-tailed deer.
1433:
1381:
1304:
1142:
750:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin"
509:"A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"
507:
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011).
445:
340:
303:
is a non-flowering plant. The sterile frond or leaf is mostly bipinnate.
280:
149:
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985:
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is a homosporous fern which means it only produces one kind of spore.
1386:
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1289:
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1101:
1160:
1399:
483:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 Botrychium dissectum Cutleaf Grapefern"
1347:
726:"Plants Profile for Botrychium dissectum (cutleaf grapefern)"
86:
119:
109:
506:
702:"Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon — The Plant List"
678:"Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon — The Plant List"
998:
347:
is also a close relative to the
Southern Grapefern or
1059:"Cutleaf Grapefern (Botrychium dissectum dissectum)"
1035:"Cutleaf Grapefern (Botrychium dissectum dissectum)"
774:"Cutleaf Grapefern (Botrychium dissectum dissectum)"
590:"Cutleaf Grapefern (Botrychium dissectum dissectum)"
365:became the name of the cutleaf grapefern in 1905.
500:
339:sporangia looks like a rattle from the tail of a
335:(L.) Sw. commonly known rattlesnake fern.
318:can stay a greenish bronze color through winter.
1528:
245:is a common fern (or fern-ally) in the family
928:
866:"Southern grape fern (Botrychium biternatum)"
842:"Southern grape fern (Botrychium biternatum)"
638:"Southern grape fern (Botrychium biternatum)"
412:
50:
31:
963:
279:Like other grape ferns, it depends on a
227:
373:also goes by a few other names such as
1529:
1083:
1082:
369:held the name from 1804 until 1905.
395:Botrychium obliquum Muhl. ex Willd.
314:stands six to fifteen inches tall.
13:
1013:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08471.x
943:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01325.x
299:glabrous as is the sterile frond.
14:
1563:
407:Botrychium ternatum var. obliquum
1223:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:228871-2
453:does not always develop spores.
73:
1478:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:35243-2
1051:
1027:
992:
957:
922:
889:"Canadian Science Publishing".
882:
858:
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797:"Canadian Science Publishing".
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1:
931:Plant, Cell & Environment
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401:Gilbert & Haberer,
1063:www.illinoiswildflowers.info
1039:www.illinoiswildflowers.info
778:www.illinoiswildflowers.info
618:www.ct-botanical-society.org
594:www.illinoiswildflowers.info
570:www.ct-botanical-society.org
546:www.ct-botanical-society.org
383:Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
375:Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
357:(Spreng.) Lyon was known as
7:
321:
10:
1568:
1547:Ferns of the United States
1537:NatureServe secure species
1001:American Journal of Botany
236:, in Harrison County, Ohio
1279:
1091:
528:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2
391:Botrychium obliquum Muhl.
381:(Muhl. ex Willd.) Clute,
283:association in the soil.
204:
197:
178:
171:
70:Scientific classification
68:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1552:Plants described in 1905
614:"Botrychium virginianum"
487:explorer.natureserve.org
413:Distribution and habitat
329:can be misidentified as
260:This is the most common
460:
267:Diphasiastrum digitatum
910:Cite journal requires
822:Cite journal requires
566:"Botrychium dissectum"
542:"Botrychium dissectum"
237:
1093:Sceptridium dissectum
966:American Fern Journal
434:Sceptridium dissectum
430:Sceptridium dissectum
421:received winter sun.
418:Sceptridium dissectum
371:Sceptridium dissectum
363:Sceptridium dissectum
355:Sceptridium dissectum
349:Botrychium biternatum
345:Sceptridium dissectum
327:Sceptridium dissectum
316:Sceptridium dissectum
312:Sceptridium dissectum
301:Sceptridium dissectum
296:Sceptridium dissectum
292:Sceptridium dissectum
273:Asplenium platyneuron
242:Sceptridium dissectum
234:Sceptridium dissectum
231:
182:Sceptridium dissectum
25:Sceptridium dissectum
1311:Botrychium dissectum
1281:Botrychium dissectum
706:www.theplantlist.org
682:www.theplantlist.org
455:Sceptridum dissectum
451:Sceptridum dissectum
409:(Muhl.) D.C. Eaton.
367:Botrychium dissectum
359:Botrychium dissectum
337:Botrypus virginianus
332:Botrypus virginianus
208:Botrychium dissectum
216:Botrychium obliquum
42:Conservation status
754:www.wildflower.org
238:
1524:
1523:
1192:Open Tree of Life
1085:Taxon identifiers
1007:(12): 1978–1981.
226:
225:
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164:S. dissectum
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389:(Graves) Broun,
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405:(Muhl.) Poir.,
403:Osmunda obliqua
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247:Ophioglossaceae
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140:Ophioglossaceae
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16:Species of fern
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991:
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937:(5): 477–482.
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173:Binomial name
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1092:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:
1053:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:
1029:
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1000:
994:
972:(1): 13–19.
969:
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903:cite journal
884:
873:. Retrieved
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1434:NatureServe
1382:iNaturalist
1305:Wikispecies
1143:iNaturalist
446:germination
425:Cultivation
393:ex Willd.,
341:rattlesnake
287:Description
281:mycorrhizal
151:Sceptridium
60:NatureServe
1531:Categories
1447:Plant List
1253:WisFlora:
1205:Plant List
1068:2018-12-07
1044:2018-12-07
875:2018-12-07
851:2018-12-07
783:2018-12-07
759:2018-12-07
735:2018-12-07
711:2018-12-07
687:2018-12-07
647:2018-12-07
623:2018-12-07
599:2018-12-07
575:2018-12-07
551:2018-12-07
469:References
262:grape fern
219:Muhl. 1810
188:(Spreng.)
106:Division:
1361:200002874
1296:Q17264308
1021:1537-2197
951:1365-3040
516:Phytotaxa
492:3 October
399:elongatum
308:sporangia
255:dissectum
158:Species:
83:Kingdom:
1498:VASCAN:
1491:26602173
1486:Tropicos
1439:2.156523
1413:11131629
1290:Wikidata
1243:VASCAN:
1236:26604125
1231:Tropicos
1161:228871-2
1108:Q7430856
1102:Wikidata
522:: 7–54.
379:obliquum
361:Spreng.
322:Taxonomy
251:obliquum
199:Synonyms
136:Family:
1400:35243-2
1374:2650153
1135:3659476
986:1546671
146:Genus:
126:Order:
116:Class:
87:Plantae
58: (
56:Secure
1460:PLANTS
1348:597550
1197:405385
1148:122085
1019:
984:
949:
1465:BODI2
1426:17171
1408:IRMNG
1387:82553
1319:APA:
1256:13302
1246:12951
1184:93613
1122:4V5VH
982:JSTOR
512:(PDF)
439:mesic
397:var.
385:var.
377:var.
94:Clade
1501:3869
1473:POWO
1421:ITIS
1395:IPNI
1369:GBIF
1335:MPHK
1218:POWO
1179:NCBI
1171:1777
1156:IPNI
1130:GBIF
1017:ISSN
947:ISSN
916:help
870:GNPS
846:GNPS
828:help
642:GNPS
494:2020
461:Uses
437:dry-
270:and
192:1905
190:Lyon
1509:WFO
1356:FNA
1343:EoL
1330:CoL
1322:139
1264:WFO
1117:CoL
1009:doi
974:doi
939:doi
891:doi
803:doi
524:doi
257:).
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