48:
366:
62:
207:
33:
1322:
661:
The inscription has recorded that
Samudrapala who was like the Sun God had this sattra establishment within his jurisdiction, in which rituals were performed and was attached to the royal residence, the inmates of the sattra being the yogis or siddhas, residing at a particular spot called YogihatT.
339:), and is used in the sense of an assembly of devotees. During Sankardev's lifetime, the devotees assembled in the open, under trees. Though temporary prayer houses were built, the tradition of devotees living in the premises did not happen during Sankardev's lifetime. The first mention of the
523:
initially resisted the ingress of religious preceptors it finally endorsed the Satras, enabling them to establish themselves on sound economics, make themselves attractive to the lay people, and spread the
Ekasarana religion. The 17th century saw the rapid growth of the Eksarana Dharma in
198:. The Satras coordinate some of their activities via the Asam Satra Mahasabha, an umbrella organization of all the Satras. According to the Mahasabha's count on its website there is altogether a total of 862 Satras including the satras present in both the states of Assam and West Bengal.
193:
Through initially the satras were started as a part of the egalitarian movement of
Eksarana Dharma, they later turned into a place of orthodoxy. From the early 20th century, the authority and orthodoxy of the Satras have been challenged by reform movements, most notably under the
737:
was
Mathuradasa Ata from a Candal community (schedule caste). Next was Naranayanadasa Ata who was a weaver. The Puranimati satradhikar was originally a Maran (tribal), now called Kayastha. Sesa, Katani, Budhbari and Chaliha satras have Kaibartta adhikars who are called Kayastha
994:
240:(a wooden tetradehral structure with four carved lions) is placed containing the main object of worship (usually a copy of the Bhagavat Purana in manuscript or an idol). The namghar is surrounded by four straight rows of huts, called
1010:
532:
became a focal point of Satra tradition and authority. The number of Satras grew during this period, 125 Satras built in the 17th century and 85 Satras built in the 18th century, while suffering two major setbacks —
138:
from whom taxes and other religious duties are extracted. The Neo-Vaishnavite satra culture started in the 16th century. They grew rapidly in the 17th century and patronage extended to them by first the
285:). The satradhikar may not always be of high birth, it is recorded in many instance the satradikars belonging to tribal or lower caste origin. For example, Mathuradasa Ata, the first satradhikar of
1199:
493:(a disciple of Gopala Ata) later became the most prominent among the six sudra satra of the Kalasamhati and revolted against Ahom kingdom during the latter part of the 18th century.
434:
is claimed to be derived from the honorific title
Mahapurusa, usually applied to Sankardev. Bardowa satra founded by Sankardev remained the most popular satra of the Purusasamhati.
210:
Guru Asana or
Singhasan of Manikut, where the Bhagavata is placed. The seven lions on each elephant sum up twenty-eight representations of the seven heavens or Sapta Vaikuntha.
898:, p. 249): "(T)he Mayamara satra of Aniruddha has rapidly emerged as a great adversary of brahmanas and revolted against the Ahoms in the latter part of the 18th century"
790:, p. 248): "They had a close relation with the royal family of the Koches. The Koch king Naranaraya was initiated into the Vaishnava order by Damodaradeva."
422:. This samhati practiced the original features of Sankardev teachings and therefore considered to be the main sect. The head priest was chosen either from a
670:
938:, p. 243): "(T)he 17th century onwards, when the movement expanded to the upper Brahmaputra Valley, the area under the rule of the Ahom kings"
259:
All structures were originally temporary, made with wood, bamboo and covered over with thatch; brick and mortar found use after the 18th century.
1260:
305:
origin. The satras are not merely religious institutions but play cultural and historical roles in society. A dance form that was initiated by
1203:
103:
and neighboring regions. Numbering in the hundreds, these centers are generally independent of each other and under the control of individual
1049:
Shin, Jae-Eun (2017), "Transition of Satra from a Venue of Bhakti
Movement to the Orthodox Brahmanical Institution", in Ota, Nobuhiro (ed.),
766:, p. 248): "This sect admitted brahmanical rites together with general devotional practices and took a rigid view of caste distinction"
850:, p. 248): "(T)his branch, which strictly conformed to the teaching of Madhavadeva, and this sect came to be known as the Nikasamhati"
1225:
174:
was established by king
Samudrapal at a place known as Yogihati in the same period (1232 CE) as evident from a stone inscription found in
977:
838:, p. 248): "The Bardowa satra constructed at the birthplace of Sarkaradeva is the most well-known institution of the Purusasamhati"
1177:
449:. It strictly conformed to the teaching of Madhavdeva and being a purist group placed more important on ascentism, Kamalabari Satra,
178:. The neo-Vaishnavite satras were established by Assamese Vaishnavite monasteries for religious practices at the initiative of the
387:
to its original form but still adhered to the teachings of namadharma of
Sankardev. The followers of this sect called themselves
1058:
Nath, Dambarudhar (2014), "Cult, ideology and conflict: The "MĀYĀMARĀ" Vaishnavism and social conflict in 18th century Assam",
362:)—Brahmasamhati, Purusasamhati, Nikasamhati, Kalasamhati. These four sects were firmly established by the early 17th century.
1004:
411:, Garamur satra and Kurawabahi satra became the most influential of the Brahmasamhati and received royal patronage from the
147:
was crucial in the spread of the
Ekasarana religion. Many of the larger Satras house hundreds of celibate and non-celibate
228:) at the aligned in the east–west direction. On its eastern side there is an additional independent structure called the
1352:
1347:
1039:
473:
and Dihing Satra, the two most important of the sudra satras admitted various local tribes into its fold — Kacharis,
1151:
1097:
Sharma, Chandan Kumar (2009). "Tribe Caste Continuum and the Formation of Assamese Identity". In Medhi, B.K (ed.).
658:
195:
1311:
1342:
1337:
733:"Dihial Goswami forefather was Kairbatta although he claims to be Kayastha. The first satradhikar of
538:
1323:
Bhakti Movement in the Brahmaputra Valley: Response of the Satra Institution towards Social Equality
1252:
358:
The last quarter of the 16th century saw the satras divide into four different sects (also called
151:(monks), hold vast lands and are repositories of religious and cultural relics and artifacts. The
1121:
163:
in which the principal preceptors lived, or which preserve some of their relics are also called
1229:
926:
defied caste-rule in totality, rejected idol worship, and adhered to the nirgun form of bhakti"
17:
1288:
971:
922:
adhered to caste rules and introduced Brahmanical ritualism in greater or lesser amount, the
384:
1173:
1087:
8:
347:, and laid down the system of daily prayer service and initiated the system of religious
306:
1276:
1075:
534:
1067:
1035:
1000:
461:
concerned with the tribal and lowercaste societies, represented the offshoots of six
293:
community, Narayanadasa Ata, a disciple of Sankardev was from the weaver community (
47:
442:
365:
332:
91:
343:
is found in the context of the Patbausi Satra of Damodardev. Madhavdev built the
1316:
408:
383:, which represented the Brahmanical practices and ritualism. It brought back the
582:
474:
454:
298:
182:
Kings of Assam in the middle of the 17th century to propagate neo Vaishnavism.
1305:
1331:
1071:
1018:
662:
The inscription is dated Saka 1154 (A.D. 1232) and was composed by one Mudha.
478:
450:
344:
67:
996:
SATRA SOCIETY AND CULTURE, Pitambardeva Goswami and History of Garamur Satra
27:
Institutional centers associated with the Ekasarana tradition of Vaishnavism
520:
490:
482:
412:
404:
400:
187:
179:
144:
140:
525:
486:
183:
96:
1147:
1079:
564:
446:
407:
was initiated into the Vaishnava order by Damodaradeva. Auniati satra,
376:
372:
of the Auniati Satra, one of the principle Satra of the Brahma Samathi.
61:
214:
The Satra is generally a four-sided enclosed area with four gateways (
569:
469:
and his followers during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The
399:
was chosen from a Brahmin family. It had close relationship with the
218:). Centrally placed in this enclosure is a rectangular prayer-hall (
206:
457:
are the three centers of this samhati. The last of the samhati, the
587:
513:
470:
466:
423:
352:
311:
302:
290:
32:
734:
427:
369:
286:
220:
126:
120:
55:
1319:—A website on the Neo-Vaisnavite Movement of Srimanta Sankardeva
508:
brought back the caste rules and Brahmanical rituals, while the
297:) similarly Sesa, Katani, Budhbari, Chahila satras were held by
553:
529:
462:
418:
Caturbhuja Thakur, one of the grandson of Sankardev headed the
273:
175:
41:
1053:, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, pp. 237–257
1032:
The Neo-Vaisnavite Movement and the Satra Institution of Assam
348:
316:
294:
100:
1051:
Clustering and Connections in Pre-Modern South Asian Society
549:
Some of the cultural programmes, which are held in Sattras:
558:
260:
252:
and other high officers of the Satra reside in the eastern
1125:
1023:
Early History of the Vaishnava Faith and Movement in Assam
355:
was instrumental in establishing Satras in eastern Assam.
190:, his birthplace, and then in different places of Assam.
1253:"Satra Mahasabha renews demand for separate directorate"
309:
and later developed within the sattras, and thus called
118:
These centers, in the minimum, maintain a prayer house (
155:
extend control over their lay disciples via village
805:
111:), though they can be grouped into four different
1099:Tribes of North-East India: Issues and Challenges
1329:
613:
1101:. Delhi: Omsons Publications. pp. 354–366.
315:, is one of the eight classical dance forms in
186:is said to have established his first Satra at
134:tradition and include them as disciples of the
89:are institutional centers associated with the
1250:
379:(a Brahmin disciple of Sankardev) formed the
910:, p. 353): "While the three samhatis -
1228:. Hindubooks.org. p. 1. Archived from
1226:"Temples & Legends Of Assam.Satras-III"
1085:
695:
1060:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1307:A view of a Satra in Majuli, Assam, India
364:
205:
60:
46:
31:
465:satra and six brahmana satra formed by
322:
277:. In some orders of the religion, the
99:, largely found in the Indian state of
14:
1330:
1096:
973:North East India: A Sociological Study
739:
544:
1180:from the original on 29 December 2014
1029:
969:
645:
632:
619:
607:
1057:
1048:
1017:
992:
962:
947:
935:
907:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
835:
823:
811:
799:
787:
775:
763:
751:
721:
708:
1202:. Sentinelassam.com. Archived from
980:from the original on 3 January 2020
441:was established by Mathuradasa and
24:
489:etc. The Mayamara satra formed by
25:
1364:
1299:
1251:Correspondent (12 October 2009).
1154:from the original on 4 March 2016
676:from the original on 11 June 2020
445:, both of whom were disciples of
130:), initiate lay people into the
1263:from the original on 7 May 2013
1244:
1218:
941:
929:
901:
889:
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853:
841:
829:
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769:
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688:
1192:
1166:
1140:
1114:
1025:. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass.
651:
638:
625:
600:
13:
1:
1124:. Auniati.org. Archived from
1089:History of Education in Assam
1086:Chakravarty, Archana (1989).
976:. Concept. pp. 189–193.
957:
301:although they claim to be of
201:
7:
1107:
576:
10:
1369:
1353:Cultural history of Assam
1348:Satras (Ekasarana Dharma)
539:Burmese invasion of Assam
512:rejected caste rules and
496:The first three samhati —
393:followers of Damodaradeva
267:, live in satras under a
1317:A Tribute to Sankaradeva
1122:"Sri Sri Auniati Satra:"
593:
1176:. OnlineSivasagar.com.
72:, one of the principle
1092:. Mittal Publications.
1034:. Gauhati University.
437:The next samhati, the
373:
211:
81:
58:
44:
970:Dubey, S. M. (1978).
368:
209:
64:
50:
35:
1206:on 24 September 2015
323:Origin and evolution
1232:on 27 December 2014
1030:Sarma, S N (1966).
1013:on 17 October 2013.
610:, pp. 189–193)
545:Cultural programmes
307:Srimanta Sankardeva
232:(jewel-house), the
1287:has generic name (
993:Nath, S N (2012).
535:Moamoria rebellion
403:and the Koch king
374:
331:originates in the
244:, in which monks (
212:
82:
59:
45:
36:Sanctorium of the
1257:The Assam Tribune
1006:978-81-86307-56-4
999:. DVS Publisher.
963:Published-sources
635:, pp. 23–24)
516:in its entirety.
430:family. The term
16:(Redirected from
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1343:Ekasarana Dharma
1338:Culture of Assam
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1009:. Archived from
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333:Bhagavata Purana
234:sanctum santorum
65:Interior of the
38:Dakhinpat Sattra
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409:Dakhinpat Satra
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236:, in which the
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52:Sankardev Satra
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1300:External links
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1200:"The Sentinel"
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724:, p. 313)
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583:List of Satras
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471:Mayamara satra
455:Madhupur Satra
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248:) reside. The
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335:in Sanskrit (
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68:Barpeta Satra
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57:
54:of Patbausi,
53:
49:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1265:. Retrieved
1256:
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:the original
1116:
1098:
1088:
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1011:the original
995:
982:. Retrieved
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729:
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703:
698:, p. 4)
690:
678:. Retrieved
660:
653:
640:
627:
615:
602:
548:
521:Ahom kingdom
518:
514:idol worship
509:
505:
501:
497:
495:
491:Aniruddhadev
458:
438:
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405:Nara Narayan
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385:caste system
380:
377:Damodaradeva
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145:Ahom kingdom
141:Koch kingdom
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78:Nika Samathi
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51:
37:
29:
1066:: 351–357,
948:Shin (2017)
924:kalasamhati
884:Shin (2017)
872:Shin (2017)
860:Nath (2014)
824:Shin (2017)
812:Shin (2017)
800:Shin (2017)
776:Shin (2017)
752:Neog (1980)
740:Sharma 2009
526:upper Assam
510:Kalasamhati
506:Nikasamhati
459:Kalasamhati
439:Nikasamhati
397:satradhikar
389:Damodariyas
269:satradhikar
184:Sankaradeva
127:Kirtan-ghar
109:satradhikar
97:Vaishnavism
1332:Categories
984:13 October
958:References
936:Shin (2017
908:Nath (2014
896:Shin (2017
848:Shin (2017
836:Shin (2017
788:Shin (2017
764:Shin (2017
646:Sarma 1966
633:Sarma 1966
620:Sarma 1966
608:Dubey 1978
565:Janmastami
559:Doul Utsav
467:Gopala Ata
447:Madhavdeva
413:Ahom kings
395:) and the
391:(meaning:
226:kirtanghar
202:Structures
115:(orders).
70:Kitan Ghar
1277:cite news
1072:2249-1937
722:Neog 1980
709:Neog 1980
570:Rasa lila
475:Kaibartas
443:Padma Ata
327:The name
299:Kaibartas
263:, called
132:Ekasarana
92:Ekasarana
1261:Archived
1236:28 March
1210:28 March
1184:28 March
1178:Archived
1174:"Satras"
1158:28 March
1152:Archived
1132:28 March
1108:Internet
1080:44158402
1021:(1980).
978:Archived
671:Archived
588:Sattriya
577:See also
479:Chutiyas
424:Kayastha
312:Sattriya
303:Kayastha
250:adhikara
170:Another
113:Sanghati
105:adhikara
1312:YouTube
1148:"SATRA"
916:purusha
738:today"(
735:Barpeta
561:or Deul
428:Brahmin
370:Namghar
360:samhati
287:Barpeta
279:bhakats
274:Mahanta
265:bhakats
246:bhakats
230:Manikut
221:Namghar
216:karapat
188:Bordowa
157:namghar
121:Namghar
76:of the
56:Barpeta
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912:brahma
680:25 May
554:Bhaona
530:Majuli
483:Morans
432:purusa
401:Koches
349:tithes
337:sattra
291:Candal
176:Ambari
149:bhakat
42:Majuli
18:Sattra
1267:7 May
1076:JSTOR
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674:(PDF)
667:(PDF)
594:Notes
487:Ahoms
463:sudra
426:or a
329:satra
317:India
295:Tanti
261:Monks
254:hatis
238:asana
172:satra
165:thaan
161:Satra
153:satra
136:satra
124:, or
101:Assam
86:Satra
74:satra
1289:help
1269:2013
1238:2013
1212:2013
1186:2013
1160:2013
1134:2013
1068:ISSN
1036:ISBN
1001:ISBN
986:2016
920:nika
918:and
682:2020
537:and
528:and
519:The
453:and
341:hati
242:hati
180:Ahom
107:(or
1310:on
485:,
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271:or
224:or
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