37:
355:
51:
196:
22:
1311:
650:
The inscription has recorded that
Samudrapala who was like the Sun God had this sattra establishment within his jurisdiction, in which rituals were performed and was attached to the royal residence, the inmates of the sattra being the yogis or siddhas, residing at a particular spot called YogihatT.
328:), and is used in the sense of an assembly of devotees. During Sankardev's lifetime, the devotees assembled in the open, under trees. Though temporary prayer houses were built, the tradition of devotees living in the premises did not happen during Sankardev's lifetime. The first mention of the
512:
initially resisted the ingress of religious preceptors it finally endorsed the Satras, enabling them to establish themselves on sound economics, make themselves attractive to the lay people, and spread the
Ekasarana religion. The 17th century saw the rapid growth of the Eksarana Dharma in
187:. The Satras coordinate some of their activities via the Asam Satra Mahasabha, an umbrella organization of all the Satras. According to the Mahasabha's count on its website there is altogether a total of 862 Satras including the satras present in both the states of Assam and West Bengal.
182:
Through initially the satras were started as a part of the egalitarian movement of
Eksarana Dharma, they later turned into a place of orthodoxy. From the early 20th century, the authority and orthodoxy of the Satras have been challenged by reform movements, most notably under the
726:
was
Mathuradasa Ata from a Candal community (schedule caste). Next was Naranayanadasa Ata who was a weaver. The Puranimati satradhikar was originally a Maran (tribal), now called Kayastha. Sesa, Katani, Budhbari and Chaliha satras have Kaibartta adhikars who are called Kayastha
983:
229:(a wooden tetradehral structure with four carved lions) is placed containing the main object of worship (usually a copy of the Bhagavat Purana in manuscript or an idol). The namghar is surrounded by four straight rows of huts, called
999:
521:
became a focal point of Satra tradition and authority. The number of Satras grew during this period, 125 Satras built in the 17th century and 85 Satras built in the 18th century, while suffering two major setbacks —
127:
from whom taxes and other religious duties are extracted. The Neo-Vaishnavite satra culture started in the 16th century. They grew rapidly in the 17th century and patronage extended to them by first the
274:). The satradhikar may not always be of high birth, it is recorded in many instance the satradikars belonging to tribal or lower caste origin. For example, Mathuradasa Ata, the first satradhikar of
1188:
482:(a disciple of Gopala Ata) later became the most prominent among the six sudra satra of the Kalasamhati and revolted against Ahom kingdom during the latter part of the 18th century.
423:
is claimed to be derived from the honorific title
Mahapurusa, usually applied to Sankardev. Bardowa satra founded by Sankardev remained the most popular satra of the Purusasamhati.
199:
Guru Asana or
Singhasan of Manikut, where the Bhagavata is placed. The seven lions on each elephant sum up twenty-eight representations of the seven heavens or Sapta Vaikuntha.
887:, p. 249): "(T)he Mayamara satra of Aniruddha has rapidly emerged as a great adversary of brahmanas and revolted against the Ahoms in the latter part of the 18th century"
779:, p. 248): "They had a close relation with the royal family of the Koches. The Koch king Naranaraya was initiated into the Vaishnava order by Damodaradeva."
411:. This samhati practiced the original features of Sankardev teachings and therefore considered to be the main sect. The head priest was chosen either from a
659:
927:, p. 243): "(T)he 17th century onwards, when the movement expanded to the upper Brahmaputra Valley, the area under the rule of the Ahom kings"
248:
All structures were originally temporary, made with wood, bamboo and covered over with thatch; brick and mortar found use after the 18th century.
1249:
294:
origin. The satras are not merely religious institutions but play cultural and historical roles in society. A dance form that was initiated by
1192:
92:
and neighboring regions. Numbering in the hundreds, these centers are generally independent of each other and under the control of individual
1038:
Shin, Jae-Eun (2017), "Transition of Satra from a Venue of Bhakti
Movement to the Orthodox Brahmanical Institution", in Ota, Nobuhiro (ed.),
755:, p. 248): "This sect admitted brahmanical rites together with general devotional practices and took a rigid view of caste distinction"
839:, p. 248): "(T)his branch, which strictly conformed to the teaching of Madhavadeva, and this sect came to be known as the Nikasamhati"
1214:
163:
was established by king
Samudrapal at a place known as Yogihati in the same period (1232 CE) as evident from a stone inscription found in
966:
827:, p. 248): "The Bardowa satra constructed at the birthplace of Sarkaradeva is the most well-known institution of the Purusasamhati"
1166:
438:. It strictly conformed to the teaching of Madhavdeva and being a purist group placed more important on ascentism, Kamalabari Satra,
167:. The neo-Vaishnavite satras were established by Assamese Vaishnavite monasteries for religious practices at the initiative of the
376:
to its original form but still adhered to the teachings of namadharma of
Sankardev. The followers of this sect called themselves
1047:
Nath, Dambarudhar (2014), "Cult, ideology and conflict: The "MĀYĀMARĀ" Vaishnavism and social conflict in 18th century Assam",
351:)—Brahmasamhati, Purusasamhati, Nikasamhati, Kalasamhati. These four sects were firmly established by the early 17th century.
993:
400:, Garamur satra and Kurawabahi satra became the most influential of the Brahmasamhati and received royal patronage from the
136:
was crucial in the spread of the
Ekasarana religion. Many of the larger Satras house hundreds of celibate and non-celibate
217:) at the aligned in the east–west direction. On its eastern side there is an additional independent structure called the
1341:
1336:
1028:
462:
and Dihing Satra, the two most important of the sudra satras admitted various local tribes into its fold — Kacharis,
1140:
1086:
Sharma, Chandan Kumar (2009). "Tribe Caste Continuum and the Formation of Assamese Identity". In Medhi, B.K (ed.).
647:
184:
1300:
1331:
1326:
722:"Dihial Goswami forefather was Kairbatta although he claims to be Kayastha. The first satradhikar of
527:
1312:
Bhakti Movement in the Brahmaputra Valley: Response of the Satra Institution towards Social Equality
1241:
347:
The last quarter of the 16th century saw the satras divide into four different sects (also called
140:(monks), hold vast lands and are repositories of religious and cultural relics and artifacts. The
1110:
152:
in which the principal preceptors lived, or which preserve some of their relics are also called
1218:
915:
defied caste-rule in totality, rejected idol worship, and adhered to the nirgun form of bhakti"
1277:
960:
911:
adhered to caste rules and introduced Brahmanical ritualism in greater or lesser amount, the
373:
1162:
1076:
8:
336:, and laid down the system of daily prayer service and initiated the system of religious
295:
1265:
1064:
523:
1056:
1024:
989:
450:
concerned with the tribal and lowercaste societies, represented the offshoots of six
282:
community, Narayanadasa Ata, a disciple of Sankardev was from the weaver community (
36:
431:
354:
321:
80:
332:
is found in the context of the Patbausi Satra of Damodardev. Madhavdev built the
1305:
397:
372:, which represented the Brahmanical practices and ritualism. It brought back the
571:
463:
443:
287:
171:
Kings of Assam in the middle of the 17th century to propagate neo Vaishnavism.
1294:
1320:
1060:
1007:
651:
The inscription is dated Saka 1154 (A.D. 1232) and was composed by one Mudha.
467:
439:
333:
56:
985:
SATRA SOCIETY AND CULTURE, Pitambardeva Goswami and History of Garamur Satra
16:
Institutional centers associated with the Ekasarana tradition of Vaishnavism
509:
479:
471:
401:
393:
389:
176:
168:
133:
129:
514:
475:
172:
85:
1136:
1068:
553:
435:
396:
was initiated into the Vaishnava order by Damodaradeva. Auniati satra,
365:
361:
of the Auniati Satra, one of the principle Satra of the Brahma Samathi.
50:
203:
The Satra is generally a four-sided enclosed area with four gateways (
558:
458:
and his followers during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The
388:
was chosen from a Brahmin family. It had close relationship with the
207:). Centrally placed in this enclosure is a rectangular prayer-hall (
195:
446:
are the three centers of this samhati. The last of the samhati, the
576:
502:
459:
455:
412:
341:
300:
291:
279:
21:
723:
416:
358:
275:
209:
115:
109:
44:
1308:—A website on the Neo-Vaisnavite Movement of Srimanta Sankardeva
497:
brought back the caste rules and Brahmanical rituals, while the
286:) similarly Sesa, Katani, Budhbari, Chahila satras were held by
542:
518:
451:
407:
Caturbhuja Thakur, one of the grandson of Sankardev headed the
262:
164:
30:
1042:, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, pp. 237–257
1021:
The Neo-Vaisnavite Movement and the Satra Institution of Assam
337:
305:
283:
89:
1040:
Clustering and Connections in Pre-Modern South Asian Society
538:
Some of the cultural programmes, which are held in Sattras:
547:
249:
241:
and other high officers of the Satra reside in the eastern
1114:
1012:
Early History of the Vaishnava Faith and Movement in Assam
344:
was instrumental in establishing Satras in eastern Assam.
179:, his birthplace, and then in different places of Assam.
1242:"Satra Mahasabha renews demand for separate directorate"
298:
and later developed within the sattras, and thus called
107:
These centers, in the minimum, maintain a prayer house (
144:
extend control over their lay disciples via village
794:
100:), though they can be grouped into four different
1088:Tribes of North-East India: Issues and Challenges
1318:
602:
1090:. Delhi: Omsons Publications. pp. 354–366.
304:, is one of the eight classical dance forms in
175:is said to have established his first Satra at
123:tradition and include them as disciples of the
78:are institutional centers associated with the
1239:
368:(a Brahmin disciple of Sankardev) formed the
899:, p. 353): "While the three samhatis -
1217:. Hindubooks.org. p. 1. Archived from
1215:"Temples & Legends Of Assam.Satras-III"
1074:
684:
1049:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1296:A view of a Satra in Majuli, Assam, India
353:
194:
49:
35:
20:
454:satra and six brahmana satra formed by
311:
266:. In some orders of the religion, the
88:, largely found in the Indian state of
1319:
1085:
962:North East India: A Sociological Study
728:
533:
1169:from the original on 29 December 2014
1018:
958:
634:
621:
608:
596:
1046:
1037:
1006:
981:
951:
936:
924:
896:
884:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
740:
710:
697:
1191:. Sentinelassam.com. Archived from
969:from the original on 3 January 2020
430:was established by Mathuradasa and
13:
478:etc. The Mayamara satra formed by
14:
1353:
1288:
1240:Correspondent (12 October 2009).
1143:from the original on 4 March 2016
665:from the original on 11 June 2020
434:, both of whom were disciples of
119:), initiate lay people into the
1252:from the original on 7 May 2013
1233:
1207:
930:
918:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
830:
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806:
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690:
677:
1181:
1155:
1129:
1103:
1014:. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass.
640:
627:
614:
589:
1:
1113:. Auniati.org. Archived from
1078:History of Education in Assam
1075:Chakravarty, Archana (1989).
965:. Concept. pp. 189–193.
946:
290:although they claim to be of
190:
7:
1096:
565:
10:
1358:
1342:Cultural history of Assam
1337:Satras (Ekasarana Dharma)
528:Burmese invasion of Assam
501:rejected caste rules and
485:The first three samhati —
382:followers of Damodaradeva
256:, live in satras under a
1306:A Tribute to Sankaradeva
1111:"Sri Sri Auniati Satra:"
582:
1165:. OnlineSivasagar.com.
61:, one of the principle
1081:. Mittal Publications.
1023:. Gauhati University.
426:The next samhati, the
362:
200:
70:
47:
33:
959:Dubey, S. M. (1978).
357:
198:
53:
39:
24:
1195:on 24 September 2015
312:Origin and evolution
1221:on 27 December 2014
1019:Sarma, S N (1966).
1002:on 17 October 2013.
599:, pp. 189–193)
534:Cultural programmes
296:Srimanta Sankardeva
221:(jewel-house), the
1276:has generic name (
982:Nath, S N (2012).
524:Moamoria rebellion
392:and the Koch king
363:
320:originates in the
233:, in which monks (
201:
71:
48:
34:
25:Sanctorium of the
1246:The Assam Tribune
995:978-81-86307-56-4
988:. DVS Publisher.
952:Published-sources
624:, pp. 23–24)
505:in its entirety.
419:family. The term
1349:
1332:Ekasarana Dharma
1327:Culture of Assam
1297:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1259:
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1071:
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1034:
1015:
1003:
998:. Archived from
978:
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928:
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685:Chakravarty 1989
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631:
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322:Bhagavata Purana
223:sanctum santorum
54:Interior of the
27:Dakhinpat Sattra
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1139:. Vedanti.com.
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1008:Neog, Maheshwar
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398:Dakhinpat Satra
314:
225:, in which the
193:
41:Sankardev Satra
17:
12:
11:
5:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1315:
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1289:External links
1287:
1284:
1283:
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1206:
1189:"The Sentinel"
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1117:on 2 June 2015
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713:, p. 313)
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700:, p. 309)
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637:, p. 101)
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572:List of Satras
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545:
535:
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460:Mayamara satra
444:Madhupur Satra
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272:kewalia bhakat
270:are celibate (
237:) reside. The
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132:and later the
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342:Vamsigopaldev
339:
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334:Barpeta Satra
331:
327:
324:in Sanskrit (
323:
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309:
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302:
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278:was from the
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84:tradition of
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82:
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64:
60:
58:
57:Barpeta Satra
52:
46:
43:of Patbausi,
42:
38:
32:
28:
23:
19:
1254:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1105:
1087:
1077:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1020:
1011:
1000:the original
984:
971:. Retrieved
961:
932:
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904:
900:
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880:
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832:
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808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
718:
705:
692:
687:, p. 4)
679:
667:. Retrieved
649:
642:
629:
616:
604:
591:
537:
510:Ahom kingdom
507:
503:idol worship
498:
494:
490:
486:
484:
480:Aniruddhadev
447:
427:
425:
420:
408:
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394:Nara Narayan
385:
381:
377:
374:caste system
369:
366:Damodaradeva
364:
348:
346:
329:
325:
317:
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299:
271:
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261:
257:
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134:Ahom kingdom
130:Koch kingdom
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79:
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72:
67:Nika Samathi
66:
62:
55:
40:
26:
18:
1055:: 351–357,
937:Shin (2017)
913:kalasamhati
873:Shin (2017)
861:Shin (2017)
849:Nath (2014)
813:Shin (2017)
801:Shin (2017)
789:Shin (2017)
765:Shin (2017)
741:Neog (1980)
729:Sharma 2009
515:upper Assam
499:Kalasamhati
495:Nikasamhati
448:Kalasamhati
428:Nikasamhati
386:satradhikar
378:Damodariyas
258:satradhikar
173:Sankaradeva
116:Kirtan-ghar
98:satradhikar
86:Vaishnavism
1321:Categories
973:13 October
947:References
925:Shin (2017
897:Nath (2014
885:Shin (2017
837:Shin (2017
825:Shin (2017
777:Shin (2017
753:Shin (2017
635:Sarma 1966
622:Sarma 1966
609:Sarma 1966
597:Dubey 1978
554:Janmastami
548:Doul Utsav
456:Gopala Ata
436:Madhavdeva
402:Ahom kings
384:) and the
380:(meaning:
215:kirtanghar
191:Structures
104:(orders).
59:Kitan Ghar
1266:cite news
1061:2249-1937
711:Neog 1980
698:Neog 1980
559:Rasa lila
464:Kaibartas
432:Padma Ata
316:The name
288:Kaibartas
252:, called
121:Ekasarana
81:Ekasarana
1250:Archived
1225:28 March
1199:28 March
1173:28 March
1167:Archived
1163:"Satras"
1147:28 March
1141:Archived
1121:28 March
1097:Internet
1069:44158402
1010:(1980).
967:Archived
660:Archived
577:Sattriya
566:See also
468:Chutiyas
413:Kayastha
301:Sattriya
292:Kayastha
239:adhikara
159:Another
102:Sanghati
94:adhikara
1301:YouTube
1137:"SATRA"
905:purusha
727:today"(
724:Barpeta
550:or Deul
417:Brahmin
359:Namghar
349:samhati
276:Barpeta
268:bhakats
263:Mahanta
254:bhakats
235:bhakats
219:Manikut
210:Namghar
205:karapat
177:Bordowa
146:namghar
110:Namghar
65:of the
45:Barpeta
1067:
1059:
1027:
992:
901:brahma
669:25 May
543:Bhaona
519:Majuli
472:Morans
421:purusa
390:Koches
338:tithes
326:sattra
280:Candal
165:Ambari
138:bhakat
31:Majuli
1256:7 May
1065:JSTOR
731::359)
663:(PDF)
656:(PDF)
583:Notes
476:Ahoms
452:sudra
415:or a
318:satra
306:India
284:Tanti
250:Monks
243:hatis
227:asana
161:satra
154:thaan
150:Satra
142:satra
125:satra
113:, or
90:Assam
75:Satra
63:satra
1278:help
1258:2013
1227:2013
1201:2013
1175:2013
1149:2013
1123:2013
1057:ISSN
1025:ISBN
990:ISBN
975:2016
909:nika
907:and
671:2020
526:and
517:and
508:The
442:and
330:hati
231:hati
169:Ahom
96:(or
1299:on
474:,
340:.
260:or
213:or
29:in
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1270::
1268:}}
1264:{{
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