Santa Susana Field Laboratory

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groundwater under SSFL is contaminated (principally with the solvent, TCE) following some 30,000 rocket engine tests. Extensive characterization has been completed for chemicals and radionuclides. The majority of SSFL buildings and facilities have been decommissioned and removed, and numerous interim soil cleanups have been conducted. DTSC leads site cleanup involving responsible parties (Boeing, DOE, and NASA), agencies (DTSC, LARWQCB, CDPH), and other stakeholders (activist organizations, community members, state and federal legislators, and the media). Cleanup standards and remedial options (remedy selection) continue to be debated and litigated. DTSC’s Final Program Environmental Impact Report (2023) estimates that soil cleanup will take another 15 years. The following summarizes in a generally chronological order, key events related to cleanup standards for both land and building structures and associated remedial options.

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Resources, Open Space Scenario. DOE identified this preferred alternative because it would be consistent with the risk assessment approach typically used at other DOE sites, other California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) regulated sites, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CERCLA sites, which accounts for the specific open-space recreational future land use of the site. Use of a risk assessment approach would be consistent with the Grant Deeds of Conservation Easement and Agreements that commit Boeing’s SSFL property, including Area IV and the NBZ, to remaining as open space. This scenario would use a CERCLA risk assessment approach that would be protective of human health and the environment. This does not comply with the DTSC 2010 AOC “cleanup to background” mandate. DOE and DTSC have yet to negotiate a Record of Decision (ROD) for soils.

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between chemical or radioactive contamination at the field lab and deaths caused by leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers. Results showed people living within a 2-mile radius were at least 60 percent more likely to be diagnosed with certain cancers than those living 5 miles away, but that doesn't mean the site's contamination is the cause, Morgenstern previously told the Simi Valley Acorn. Despite the data he collected, Morgenstern said, there wasn't enough evidence to identify an explicit link between cancer and field lab contamination. And the results were inconclusive as to whether activities at SSFL specifically affected or will affect cancer incidences, he said.

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Cochran of the Natural Resources Defense Council, and Dr. Richard Denning of Ohio State University. Over 185 workshop attendees then had an opportunity to ask questions of these experts. Finally, community members had an opportunity to provide their own perspectives on what occurred. All three experts reached similar conclusions: (1) Extent of fuel damage in the SRE was significantly less than in TMI-2. (2) Quantity of radionuclide releases from the SRE was significantly less than TMI-2 and likely limited to noble gases (Xe-133, Kr-85) with no volatile fission products (Cs-137, I-131). (3) Offsite health effects were either non-existent or negligible.

868: In August 2013, the Physicians for Social Responsibility - Los Angeles (PSR-LA) plus others, sued the DTSC, CDPH and Boeing, alleging that demolition debris from these buildings was LLRW and should be disposed out-of-state to a licensed low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. Five years later, in November 2018, the Superior Court of California found for the defendants. Five years later, in May 2023, the California Appeals Court reaffirmed the lower Court’s decision, denying plaintiffs’ petition. Subsequently Plaintiffs petitioned the California Supreme Court to review the case. The California Supreme Court denied the petition for review. 881:

eight remaining DOE-owned, non-RMHF facilities. These eight buildings included two that had been surveyed, confirming that structures to be demolished met all federal and state cleanup standards; two buildings that had been decommissioned and released for unrestricted use by DOE; and four buildings that had no history of radiological use, but had nevertheless been surveyed and confirmed to be “indistinguishable from background.” Nevertheless, “out of an abundance of caution,” the Amendment caused all demolition debris from all eight buildings, to be disposed of, out of the State of California, to a licensed MLLRW disposal facility.

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environmental impacts from historical site operations since at least 1990. Concerns about the environmental impact of past nuclear energy and rocket test operations, and waste disposal practices, have inspired several lawsuits seeking payments from Boeing. Litigation and legislation have also attempted to change established remediation and decommissioning processes. Several interest groups (Committee to Bridge the Gap, Natural Resource Defense Council, Physicians for Social Responsibility - Los Angeles) and numerous others, are actively involved with steering the ongoing environmental investigation.

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Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) should have been performed prior to selecting a soil cleanup remedy. In May 2007, US District Court Judge Samuel Conti found in favor of the plaintiffs stating that DOE had violated NEPA and should prepare a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). In November 2018, DOE issued the final EIS, over 11 years after Judge Conti’s Order. As of January 2024, more than five years later, DOE has yet to issue a Record of Decision (ROD) on a soil cleanup standard for radionuclides and chemicals in Area IV.

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used to legally dispose of leftover chemicals at the company's old burn pit. As Heiney poured the chemicals for what would have been the third burn of the day, the blast occurred, Wells said. " was so loud I didn't hear anything ... I felt the blast and I looked down and my shirt was coming apart." When he realized what had occurred, Wells said, "I felt to see if I was all there ... I knew I was burned but I didn't know how bad." Wells suffered second- and third-degree burns to his face, arms and stomach.

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Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit regulates discharge of surface water when, and if, it flows offsite. Radionuclide limits are identical to the EPA’s drinking water supplier limits. These are the same limits that regulate the water in our faucets, Chemical NPDES limits are, in general, even lower than EPA’s drinking water supplier limits, and are often based on ecological risk limits. The NPDES Permit has been in existence for decades. The current Permit was issued in October 2023.

590: 429:, the first nuclear reactor launched into outer space by the United States. Atomics International also operated the Energy Technology Engineering Center at the site for the U.S. government. As overall interest in nuclear power declined, Atomics International made a transition to non-nuclear energy-related projects, such as coal gasification, and gradually, ceased designing and testing nuclear reactors. Atomics International eventually was merged with the Rocketdyne division in 1978. 4182: 4169: 4156: 317: 141: 622: 268: 487:(ETEC), was a government-owned, contractor-operated complex of industrial facilities located within Area IV of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. The ETEC specialized in non-nuclear testing of components which were designed to transfer heat from a nuclear reactor using liquid metals instead of water or gas. The center operated from 1966 to 1998. The ETEC site has been closed and is now undergoing building removal and environmental remediation by the 776:

an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and conduct public hearings before adopting safe dose-based decommissioning standards. In April 2002 and June 2002, Judge Ohanesian, concurred with plaintiffs’ complaint. As of January 2024, twenty-two years later, CDHS (now CDPH) has ignored the Judge’s Order and still does not have a dose-based decommissioning standard or any numerical criteria for license termination of nuclear or radiological facilities.

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document (i.e. ROD), but nevertheless made it clear that it still supports the 2010 AOC requirements to cleanup radionuclides and chemicals to background, that is in conflict with DOE’s and NASA’s preferred alternatives in their respective Final EISs. Curiously, DTSC also issued in June 2023, a revised version of its draft PEIR, with deletions and additions. It was not immediately obvious why this was necessary in addition to the Final PEIS.

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The study examined 360 samples of household dust, surface soils and ash from 150 homes and other locations such as parks and trails collected after the fire. It concluded that while most of the collected samples were at normal levels, "some ashes and dusts collected from the Woolsey Fire zone in the fire's immediate aftermath contained high activities of radioactive isotopes associated with the Santa Susana Field Laboratory."

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removal and backfill and thus reduce danger to public health and functions of surrounding communities. However, SSFL Panel believes the CAG has a conflict of interest, as it is funded in large part by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, and three of its members are former employees of Boeing or its parent company, North American Aviation. It is believed that the SSFL CAG is no longer active.

606:, James Palmer, a former SSFL worker, was interviewed. The article notes that "of the 27 men on Palmer's crew, 22 died of cancers." On some nights Palmer returned home from work and kissed "his wife , only to burn her lips with the chemicals he had breathed at work." The report also noted that "During their breaks, Palmer's crew would fish in one of three ponds ... The men would use 908:(ROD) for its Supplemental EIS for soil cleanup. The ROD identified Alternative C, Suburban Residential Cleanup as the Agency-Preferred Alternative. This does not comply with the DTSC 2010 AOC “cleanup to background” mandate. NASA recognizes the need to take no action until DTSC issues its ROD based on its Program Environmental Impact Report (PEIR). 469:

than from Three Mile Island 2. (3) Environmental sampling data by EPA demonstrated that alleged releases of Cs-137 by Arjun Makhijani, Dan Hirsch, and David Lochbaum were grossly exaggerated. (4) Offsite health impacts from SRE are non-existent, less than the TMI-2 accident, and non-detectable as demonstrated by Jan Beya.

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Website hosted by The Boeing Company, the largest landowner of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. This site contains general information for the soil and groundwater projects. Surface water discharge-related information for SSFL is posted in the Technical Library Section. Answers for frequently asked

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The Woolsey Fire broke out at the site on Nov. 8, 2018, sparked during high winds by electrical equipment owned there by Southern California Edison, an investigation by the Ventura County Fire Department concluded. The blaze went on to burn about 97,000 acres, including 80% of the field lab site, ...

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In March 2002, the Committee to Bridge the Gap (CBG), the Southern California Federation of Scientists (SCFS) and the Physicians for Social Responsibility - Los Angeles (PSR-LA), sued CDHS, arguing that CDHS cannot adopt 10 CFR 20 Subpart E, and should comply with CEQA and the California APA, conduct

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In March 1996, Rockwell proposed radiological cleanup standards for soil and buildings at SSFL. CDHS approved these standards in August 1996. DOE approved these standards in September 1996. Subsequently, Boeing issued final cleanup standards in February 1999. The soil cleanup goal was based on a dose

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In 2020, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) stated in their final report that the fire did not cause contaminants to be released from the site into Simi Valley and other neighboring communities and that the risk from smoke exposure during the fire was not higher than what is

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division of North American Aviation used a separate and dedicated portion of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory to build and operate the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States, as well as for the testing and development of compact nuclear reactors, including the first and only known

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Lopez described the cleanup of the heavily polluted sodium burn pit, a six-acre site where Rocketdyne disposed of massive amounts of radioactive waste. The modus operandi included chucking barrels of radioactive sodium into the sludgy pond and firing a gun at the canisters, which would then explode,

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Perhaps in anticipation of losing the SB 990 lawsuit to Boeing, in December 2010, DTSC “encouraged” DOE and NASA to sign two identical Administrative Orders on Consent (AOCs) in which both RPs agreed to (1) clean-up to background, (2) dispense with EPA’s CERCLA risk assessment guidelines, (3) define

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that released 28 Curies of radioactive noble gases. The release resulted in the maximum off-site exposure of 0.099 millirem and an exposure of 0.018 millirem for the nearest residential building which is well within current limits today. 3) In 1964, the SNAP8ER experienced damage to 80% of its fuel.

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In August 2009, on the 50th anniversary of the SRE accident, the Department of Energy hosted a day-long public workshop for the community, employees, and retirees. The workshop began with presentations from three independent experts: Dr. Paul Pickard of Sandia National Laboratories, Dr. Thomas

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Between 2010 and 2013, Boeing demolished 40 remaining Boeing-owned non-radiological buildings in Areas I, III and IV based on DTSC approved procedures. Subsequent proposals in 2013 to demolish 6 remaining, released-for-unrestrictive-use, former radiological buildings in Area IV met with resistance.

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In 2001, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) conducted a public hearing proposing to adopt by reference, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s 10 CFR 20 Subpart E, otherwise known as the License Termination Rule, that would codify the federal cleanup standard of 25 mrem/y. California,

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In May 1999, Senator Feinstein sent a series of letters to the Clinton Administration expressing concerns about nuclear decommissioning cleanup standards at SSFL. In June 1999, Boeing documented the basis for cleanup standards in use at SSFL, that were identical to standards used in the rest of the

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In October 2014, analysis demonstrated that the many myths associated with the SRE accident were unsubstantiated: (1) Nuclear research at SSFL including the SRE operations, was widely publicized in the community and the media. (2) Core damage at, and radionuclide release from, the SRE was much less

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division of NAA, which came into being under its own name in the mid-1950s, designed and tested several rocket engines at the facility. They included engines for the Army's Redstone (an advanced short-range version of the German V-2), and the Army Jupiter intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM)

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The site ceased research and development operations in 2006. The years of rocket testing, nuclear reactor testing, and liquid metal research have left the site "significantly contaminated". Environmental cleanup is ongoing. The public who live near the site have strongly urged a thorough cleanup of

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DOE-sponsored project website provides historical ETEC technology development, site usage and current closure project information. Interactive graphic found in Regulation section explains the various involved regulatory agencies and their roles at the site. Large number of documents located in the

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In May 2022, DTSC and Boeing signed a Settlement Agreement (SA) including a commitment by Boeing to cleanup chemicals to a residential risk-based garden standard (100% consumption of garden-grown fruits and vegetables) and cleanup radionuclides to background, in its areas of responsibility, namely

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In September 2017, DTSC issued its Draft Program Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. In June 2023, following community input, DTSC issued its Final Program Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. DTSC stated that the PEIR was not a decision

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In March 2014, NASA issued its Final Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Demolition and Environmental Cleanup Activities at Santa Susana Field Laboratory. In July 2020, NASA issued its Final Supplemental EIS for Soil Cleanup Activities. In September 2020, NASA issued its Record of Decision

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soil to include building structures, and (4) send all soil (and structures) that exceed background radionuclides to an out-of-state licensed low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. Boeing had refused to negotiate or sign its own AOC, being involved in litigation with the State, over SB 990.

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In March 2007, Boeing issued a paper, utilizing EPA data, that detection of radionuclides at a 10 risk level for an agricultural land use scenario, was technically infeasible. This was prepared in response to initial California Senate hearings on SB 990 that would become California law nine months

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In September 2004, NRDC, CBG and the City of Los Angeles sued DOE claiming that the 2003 EA had violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Endangered Species Act (ESA). The lawsuit claimed that a full

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on the more serious charges related to illegal burning of hazardous waste. At trial, a retired Rocketdyne mechanic testified as to what he witnessed at the time of the explosion: "I assumed we were burning waste," Lee Wells testified, comparing the process used on 21 and 26 July 1994, to that once

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Three California state agencies (Department of Toxic Substances Control, Department of Public Health Radiologic Health Branch, and the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board) and three federal agencies (Department of Energy, NASA, and EPA) have been overseeing a detailed investigation of

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In October 2020, DTSC and DOE signed an Amendment to Order on Consent for Interim Response Action at the Radioactive Materials Handling Facility (RMHF) Complex. The title was misleading since the agreement has nothing to do with the RMHF, but states requirements for the demolition and disposal of

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During its years of rocket engine tests and nuclear research and operations, SSFL’s soil became contaminated with chemicals and radionuclides. Several accidents occurred in nuclear facilities, including the 1959 SRE core damage accident (see section on the Sodium Reactor Experiment). In addition,

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In two geographically-separated locations, one as far away as 15 km, radioactive microparticles containing percent-concentrations of thorium were detected in ashes and dusts that were likely related to deposition from the Woolsey fire. These offsite radioactive microparticles were colocated with

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A petition to form a "CAG" or community advisory group was denied in March 2010 by DTSC. In 2012, the current CAG's petition was approved. The SSFL CAG recommends that all responsible parties execute a risk-based cleanup to EPA's suburban residential standard that will minimize excavation, soil

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In January 2008, this agreement fell through, following objections by other parties (CBG, NRDC, Sierra Club, PSR-LA, SCFS, etc). These parties also objected to NPL listing by EPA since it would have taken control of cleanup out of the hands of DTSC (who would require cleanup-to-background in the

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But there is no definitive proof that the contamination left from decades of nuclear testing is the source of cancers and other health issues. ... Hal Morgenstern, an epidemiology professor at the University of Michigan, conducted several studies between 1988 and 2002 to see if there was a link

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Although separately, Boeing, DOE and NASA are responsible for remediation of soil and groundwater in Areas I/III, Area IV, and Area II respectively, Boeing alone is responsible for management and treatment of surface water (i.e. storm water) for the entire SSFL site. The SSFL National Pollution

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In January 2017, DOE issued its Draft SSFL Area IV Environmental Impact Statement. In November 2018, DOE issued its Final Environmental Impact Statement, eleven years after it was ordered by Judge Conti in 2007. DOE’s preferred alternative for remediation of soils is the Conservation of Natural

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In May 2020, DTSC and DOE signed an Order on Consent for Interim Response Action at the Radioactive Material Handling Facility (RMHF) Complex. The Order on Consent required all demolition debris to be disposed out of the State of California at a licensed LLRW or MLLRW disposal facility or a DOE

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In 2021 a study which collected 360 samples of dust, ash, and soils from homes and public lands three weeks after the fire found that most samples were at normal levels, ("Data did not support a finding of widespread deposition of radioactive particles.") but that two locations "contained high

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In April 2011, Judge John Walter of the United States District Court (Central District of California) issued an order in favor of Boeing, stating, “SB 990 is declared invalid and unconstitutional in its entirety under the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution” and “DTSC is hereby

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In October 2007, SB 990 (Kuehl) was passed in the California Senate, that mandated an agricultural risk-based cleanup standard for chemicals and radionuclides and transferred regulatory authority for radiological cleanup at SSFL from CDHS and DOE to DTSC. SB 990 became law on January 1, 2008.

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The site is divided into four production and two buffer areas (Area I, II, III, and IV, and the northern and southern buffer zones). Areas I through III were used for rocket testing, missile testing, and munitions development. Area IV was used primarily for nuclear reactor experimentation and

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In October 2007, Boeing and Governor Schwarzenegger announced the intent to transfer SSFL to the State of California as open space parkland (following completion of remediation), along with an agreement from State Senator Sheila Kuehl that she would amend SB 990 to withdraw requirements for

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In August 2007, DTSC, Boeing, DOE and NASA signed a Consent Order for Corrective Action, outlining planning, risk assessments and schedules for remediation at SSFL. The Consent Order was focused exclusively on chemical remediation of soil and groundwater. It was silent on radiological

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In March 2003, DOE issued an Environmental Assessment (EA) that proposed a radiological cleanup standard of 15 mrem/y, that was safe and protective of public health, consistent with EPA’s one-time, draft dose-base standards and more restrictive than the NRC’s 25 mrem/y dose-based standard.

728:. While the nuclear core of the SRE released 10 times less radiation than the TMI incident, the lack of proper containment such as concrete structures caused this radiation to be released into the surrounding environment. The radiation released by the core of the TMI was largely contained. 697:

Air measurement data collected during the Woolsey Fire, along with atmospheric dispersion modeling and an offsite soil sampling program designed specifically to look for impacts from the fire, showed no evidence of SSFL impact in offsite soils because of the Woolsey Fire. No anthropogenic

451:. There was a decades-long cover-up of the incident by the U.S. Department of Energy. The operation predated environmental regulation, so early disposal techniques are not recorded in detail. Thousands of pounds of sodium coolant from the time of the meltdown are not yet accounted for. 735:

between 1988 and 2002, residents living within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the laboratory are 60% more likely to be diagnosed with certain cancers compared to residents living 5 miles (8.0 km) from the laboratory, though Morgenstern said that the lab is not necessarily the cause.

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Research, development and testing of rocket engines was conducted on a regular basis in Area II of the SSFL from the mid 1950s through the early 1980s. These activities were conducted by the U.S. Army, Air Force, and NASA. Subsequently, occasional testing took place until 2006.

124:) in addition to several "critical facilities" that helped develop nuclear science and applications. At least four of the ten nuclear reactors had accidents during their operation. The reactors located on the grounds of SSFL were considered experimental, and therefore had no 698:

radionuclides were measured at levels above those expected from global fallout. The soil sampling confirmed that no detectable levels of SSFL-derived radionuclides migrated from SSFL at the locations sampled because of the Woolsey Fire or from past operations of the SSFL.

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An upcoming documentary film recounts the horrors and hazards of the work done at Boeing's Santa Susana Field Laboratory. This first installment focuses on the workers and their every-day exposure to the hazardous environment provided by the owners and operators of this

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In September 2007, Boeing issued “Radiological Release Process - Process for the Release of Land and Facilities for (Radiologically) Unrestricted Use” which described the key steps in a generic decommissioning process typical of that used elsewhere in the United States.

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In October 2006, the Santa Susana Field Laboratory Advisory Panel, made up of independent scientists and researchers from around the United States, concluded that based on available data and computer models, contamination at the facility resulted in an estimated 260

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the site, citing cases of long term illnesses, including cancer cases at rates they claim are higher than normal. Experts have said that there is insufficient evidence to identify an explicit link between cancer rates and radioactive contamination in the area.

297:, and the systems that powered the Apollo missions. The location of SSFL was chosen in 1947 for its remoteness in order to conduct work that was considered too dangerous and too noisy to be performed in more densely populated areas. In subsequent years, the 368:

as well as the Air Force's counterpart IRBM, the Thor. Also included among those developed there, were engines for the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), as well as the twin combustion chamber alcohol/liquid oxygen booster engine for the

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Boeing remained committed to the future of SSFL as open space, as evidenced by the April 2017 conservation easement recorded with the North American Land Trust (NALT) to permanently preserve and protect Boeing’s 2,400 acres at the Santa Susana site.

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rate of 15 mrem/y above background (300 mrem/y). This was consistent (and less than) NRC’s future 25 mrem/y License Termination Rule and USEPA’s proposed 15 mrem/y dose-based goal for CERCLA remediation sites developed during the late1990s.

240:, is located within the Santa Susana Field Laboratory boundaries, on a portion of the site owned by the U.S. government. The drawings within the cave have been termed "the best preserved Indian pictograph in Southern California." Several 4213:

Hosted by the California State Department of Toxic Substances Control which oversees the investigation and cleanup of chemicals in the soil and groundwater at the SSFL. Project status documents, reports and public comment materials are

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alpha and beta activity maxima. Data did not support a finding of widespread deposition of radioactive particles. However, two radioactive deposition hotspots and significant offsite contamination were detected near the site perimeter.

4053:"Memorandum of Understanding Establishing the Processes, Methodologies, and Standards for Assessing Stormwater Discharges and Applicable Requirements following The Boeing Company Soil Cleanup at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory Site" 926:

Area I and III and the southern buffer zone. The Settlement Agreement was criticized by community groups and local governments for being done in secret, without public input; they also allege that it weakened the cleanup standards.

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burn pit, an open-air pit for cleaning sodium-contaminated components, was also contaminated by the burning of radioactively and chemically contaminated items in it, in contravention of safety requirements. In an article in the

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NASA, in contrast to Boeing and DOE, appeared to have escaped the attention of DTSC and their partners, and was not required to dispose of building debris to a licensed LLRW disposal facility, “out of an abundance of caution.”

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In 2019, Risk Assessment Corporation (RAC) conducted soil sampling surrounding the SSFL, and performed source term estimation, atmospheric transport, and deposition modeling. The study reports published in 2023,

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In November 2009, Boeing sued DTSC over SB 990, following months of unsuccessful negotiations between DTSC, Boeing, DOE and NASA attempting to incorporate the requirements of SB 990 into the 2007 Consent Order.

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from 1953 to 1980 and the operation of a U.S. government-sponsored liquid metals research center from 1966 to 1998. Throughout the years, about ten low-power nuclear reactors operated at SSFL, (including the

4000: 1533:"50 Years After America's Worst Nuclear Meltdown: Human error helped worsen a nuclear meltdown just outside Los Angeles, and now human inertia has stymied the radioactive cleanup for half a century" 641:

so that they would explode and release their contents into the air. Since then, the pit has been remediated by having 22,000 cubic yards of soil removed down 10–12 feet (3.0–3.7 m) to bedrock.

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engine for the first stage of the Saturn V was tested in the Mojave desert near Edwards Air Force Base. This was due to safety and noise considerations, since SSFL was too close to populated areas.

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In August 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between Boeing and LARWQCB that describes future storm water management requirements following completion of SSFL soil remediation.

2047: 4456:"Discussed at FARK: Radioactive emissions from a nuclear meltdown in California 47 years ago are worse than anybody thought. In other news, there was a nuclear meltdown in the US back in 1959" 4023: 3963: 2192: 1930:

releasing radioactive contaminants into the air. Lopez said that the pit has now been excavated ten to 12 feet down to the bedrock, resulting in the removal of 22,000 cubic yards of soil.

685:, which is overseeing cleanup of the site, said in an interim report that "previously handled radioactive and hazardous materials were not affected by the fire." Bob Dodge, President of 5255: 4947: 3360: 2012: 1403: 5265: 3934: 5330: 1587: 5260: 2466: 5300: 4766: 4113: 4052: 850:

enjoined from enforcing or implementing SB 990.” In September 2014, the United States Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit) upheld and affirmed the lower Court’s judgement.

2533: 2504: 120:, the first reactor in the United States to generate electrical power for a commercial grid, and the first commercial power plant in the world to experience a partial 3593:"Superior Court of California. County of Sacramento. Verified Petition for Writ of Mandate and Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief. Case 34-2013-80001589" 1229: 614:

to neutralize the contamination. Sometimes, the water was so polluted it bubbled. The fish died off." Palmer's interview ended with: "They had seven wells up there,

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Division of North American Aviation used SSFL Area IV as the site of United States first commercial nuclear power plant and the testing and development of the

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On 26 July 1994, two scientists, Otto K. Heiney and Larry A. Pugh were killed when the chemicals they were illegally burning in open pits exploded. After a

633:(DOE) official described typical waste disposal procedures used by Field Lab employees in the past. Workers would dispose of barrels filled with radioactive 3679: 3419:"US District Court (Central District of California). Order Granting Plaintiff The Boeing Company's Motion for Summary Judgement. Case CV 10-4839-JFW (MANx)" 447:(SRE) was an experimental nuclear reactor that operated at the site from 1957 to 1964 and was the first commercial power plant in the world to experience a 3848:"Record of Decision - Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Soil Cleanup Activities at Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Ventura County, California" 2160: 5305: 2057: 214: 5033: 2168: 682: 2080: 1364: 4751: 3051:"Final Environmental Impact Statement for Remediation of Area IV and the Northern Buffer Zone of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. DOE/EIS-0402" 1181: 3077:"Radiation Site Cleanup Regulations: Technical Support Document for the Development of Radionuclide Cleanup Levels for Soil, EPA 402-R-96-011 A" 1119: 5320: 1044: 689:-Los Angeles, said "When it burns and becomes airborne in smoke and ash, there is real possibility of heightened exposure for area residents." 678: 4404:: Investigative news website that has coverage of Rocketdyne issues since 1998, often in partnership with regional publications including the 1034: 972: 4079: 3622:"California Superior Court. Ruling on Submitted Matter Re: Petition for Writ of Mandate and Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief" 3447: 5285: 5094: 4484: 3650: 5315: 5310: 4920: 4592: 4284: 3592: 1025:

depicted mothers advocating for cleanup of the site who have children suffering from cancer believed to be caused by the contamination.

5240: 4565: 3331: 4511: 3505: 5345: 5275: 4930: 4646: 4619: 3818: 3708: 3022:"US District Court, Northern District of California. Case No. C-04-04448 SC. Order Granting Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgement" 1865:

Rockwell International, Nuclear Operations at Rockwell's Santa Susana Field Laboratory – A Factual Perspective, 6 September 1991

524: 4538: 3790:"Final Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Demolition and Environmental Cleanup Activities at Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 3534: 4925: 2850: 2729: 3389: 1594: 4803: 4798: 4776: 4470: 3264: 625:

A worker disposes of toxic chemicals by blowing up full barrels with a rifle shot (the reaction to the shot caused an explosion).

4793: 4694: 3332:"Letter to Linda Adams, Secretary CalEPA. Letter of Intent Regarding Remediation of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory Property" 1069:"Historical resources survey and assessment of the NASA facility at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Simi Valley, California" 532: 5026: 3448:"US District Court (Central District of California). Judgement Pursuant to Fed. R Civ. P. 54(b). Case CV 10-04839-JFW (MANx)" 1434: 2617:"Radiation Site Cleanup Regulations: Technical Support Document for the Development of Radionuclide Cleanup Levels for Soil" 2081:"Potential Airborne Releases and Deposition of Radionuclides from the Santa Susana Field Laboratory during the Woolsey Fire" 812:

remediation and nuclear decommissioning. The Consent Order established a timeline for site cleanup to be completed by 2017.

5335: 5152: 5127: 4304: 2821: 1236: 686: 484: 478: 272: 237: 206: 38: 3418: 3265:"Press Release. Gov. Schwarzenegger to Sign Measure to Accelerate Cleanup Santa Susana Field Laboratory in Ventura County" 2493:

Rockwell Report N001SRR140127, Proposed Sitewide Release Criteria for Remediation of Facilities at the SSFL. 11 March 1996

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Since 1947 the Santa Susana Field Laboratory location has been used by a number of companies and agencies. The first was

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SNAP8 Experimental Reactor Fuel Element Behavior: Atomics International Task Force Review, hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

1804: 5340: 5290: 5137: 4993: 3621: 2674: 2218: 1916: 1670: 630: 536: 210: 41:

site is in the flat Area IV at the lower left, with the Rocket Test Field Laboratory sites in the hills at the center.

4967: 3209: 3106:"Technical Feasibility of Detecting Radionuclide Contamination in Soil at a 10-6 Risk Level for Agricultural Land Use" 2277: 1876:"Oak Ridge Associated Universities TEAM Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH, Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0038-2, Rev. 0" 1750: 1503: 5270: 4092: 3876: 3181:"Radiological Release Process - Process for the Release of Land and Facilities for (Radiologically) Unrestricted Use" 3021: 994: 4321:", 5 photos, 1 color transparency, 9 measured drawings, 8 data pages, 2 photo caption pages 2137:"Evaluation of Off-site Impacts from the Woolsey Fire Burning on Portions of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory Site" 372:, a large, intercontinental cruise missile that never became operational. Later, Rocketdyne designed and tested the 328: 60:, is a complex of industrial research and development facilities located on a 2,668-acre (1,080 ha) portion of 5375: 5325: 5280: 5019: 4935: 4868: 4825: 4815: 4761: 3564:"Standard Operating Procedure: Building Demolition Debris Characterization and Management. Plus Amendments 1 and 2" 256: 2908: 2645: 5365: 5159: 4268: 3847: 3476: 1404:"Site Safety and Health Plan Area IV Radiological Study Santa Susana Field Laboratory Ventura County, California" 961: 767:

being an Agreement State, was obligated to utilize nuclear regulations, consistent with federal NRC regulations.

3819:"Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Soil Cleanup Activities at Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 5245: 5079: 2966: 2758: 2591: 1389: 1263:"Identification of a debris cloud from the nuclear powered SNAPSHOT satellite with Haystack radar measurements" 1200: 523:

fuel fabrication facility; and the purportedly largest "Hot Lab" facility in the United States at the time. (A

3235: 5056: 3293: 1964: 1943: 1466: 149: 4280:

The Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board administers the surface water NPDES permit for the SSFL

3680:"Order on Consent for Interim Response Action at the Radioactive Materials Handling Facility (RMHF) Complex" 1151: 5360: 4883: 4842: 4642:

Postoperation Evaluation of Fuel Elements from the SNAP8 Experimental Reactor hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

3105: 2880:"Environmental Assessment for Cleanup and Closure of the Energy Technology Engineering Center. DOE/EA-1345" 2783: 306: 2703: 2408: 1983: 553:

At least four of the ten nuclear reactors suffered accidents: 1) The AE6 reactor experienced a release of

4952: 4771: 4736: 4080:

http://cleanuprocketdyne.org/cleanuprocketdyne.org/Community_Advisory_Group/Community_Advisory_Group.html

2675:"Draft Environmental Protection Agency Radiation Site Cleanup Regulation - Notice of Proposed Rulemaking" 1721: 1230:"American Nuclear Society Sodium Reactor Experiment Nuclear Historic Landmark awarded, February 21, 1986" 4669:

Findings of the SNAP 8 Developmental Reactor (S8DR) Post-Test Examination, hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

1917:"Rocketdyne: It's the pits - Lots of questions, few answers at the latest meeting on Rocketdyne cleanup" 1692: 5101: 4910: 4756: 4687: 4421: 3076: 2616: 725: 1306: 1185: 225:

became the primary owner and operator of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory and later closed the site.

5122: 4977: 4957: 4788: 4741: 3789: 2851:"Superior Court of California, Sacramento County. Case 01CS01445. Amended Peremptory Writ of Mandate" 1532: 488: 458: 444: 438: 392: 189: 117: 5117: 5084: 4820: 4706: 233: 218: 104: 2938:"Establishment of Cleanup Levels for CERCLA Sites with Radioactive Contamination. OSWER 9200.4-18" 1648: 5089: 5042: 4972: 4915: 4878: 4437: 4218: 4114:"Dept. of Energy secretly funding front group to sabotage its own Santa Susana Field Lab cleanup" 2409:"Nuclear Decommissioning at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory: 20+ Years of Politics vs. Science" 2353: 1125: 356: 153: 97: 4491: 2784:"Radiological Release Criteria for Facilities Undergoing Large-Scale Decommissioning. RML-00-02" 1201:"Historic Aerospace Site: The Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Canoga Park, California" 4998: 4360:"Santa Susana Field Laboratory - A Documentation Project by the National Park Service and NASA" 4173:

Fly-through Animation of Bravo Test Area at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Santa Susana, CA

3390:"United States District Court, Eastern District of California. Complaint of the Boeing Company" 1779: 1621: 1451: 965: 185: 85: 4599: 4288: 4873: 4810: 4680: 4455: 4363: 4354: 4307:(HAER) documentation, filed under 5800 Woolsey Canyon Road, Simi Valley, Ventura County, CA: 2822:"Superior Court of California, Sacramento County. Case 01CS01445. Ruling on Submitted Matter" 1335: 422: 414: 404: 193: 34: 4572: 3477:"US Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit). Opinion. No. 11-55903. D.C. No. 2:10-cv-04839-JFW-MAN" 2646:"Draft Environmental Protection Agency Radiation Site Cleanup Regulation". Draft 40 CFR 196" 213:

at the site. The Santa Susana Field Laboratory includes sites identified as historic by the

4863: 4847: 4783: 4746: 4518: 2909:"Draft Environmental Protection Agency Radiation Site Cleanup Regulation. Draft 40 CFR 196" 2563:"Approved Sitewide Release Criteria for Remediation of Radiological Facilities at the SSFL" 2230: 1270: 1039: 558: 539:(DOE) facilities from around the country was shipped to SSFL to be decladded and examined. 169: 157: 125: 89: 4653: 4626: 4377: 3935:"Draft Program Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. Revised" 976: 8: 5370: 5350: 5175: 4835: 4545: 4359: 4328:", 3 photos, 12 measured drawings, 8 data pages, 1 photo caption page 4128: 3763: 3050: 2017: 1491:. U.S. Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico. p. 57. AFWL-TN-84-14. 838:

future 2010 AOC) and given it to EPA (who would implement a CERCLA risk-based cleanup).

454:

The reactor and support systems were removed in 1981 and the building torn down in 1999.

298: 65: 61: 30: 4401: 4160:

Fly-through Animation of Test Stand 1, Santa Susana Field Laboratory Area II, California

2234: 1610:(see sections 2.1.7.4, 2.2.3, 4.4.2 and 9.3 for discrepancies concerning sodium amounts) 1274: 5142: 3993:"State's new deal to clean up radioactive Santa Susana Field Lab is slammed by critics" 2879: 2254: 2105: 2013:"Study finds radioactive contamination migrated off field lab site during Woolsey Fire" 1365:"Cancer, contamination, and cave paintings: Santa Susana cleanup gets more complicated" 707:

activities of radioactive isotopes associated with the Santa Susana Field Laboratory."

607: 222: 724:

caused the release of more than 458 times the amount of radioactivity released by the

618:, and every damn one of them was contaminated," Palmer said, "It was a horror story." 5355: 4715: 2305: 2258: 2246: 2193:"State reaffirms Woolsey Fire didn't cause toxins to be released from field lab site" 2110: 1948: 1820: 797: 748: 611: 543: 245: 1875: 1585: 4888: 3737: 2238: 2100: 2092: 1805:

NAA-SR-1941, Sodium Graphite Reactor, Quarterly Progress Report, January–March 1957

1537: 1286: 1278: 721: 562: 376:

liquid oxygen/hydrogen engine which was used on the second and third stages of the

290: 144:

Santa Susana Field Laboratory administrative areas, and the surrounding communities

112: 2242: 1562: 1435:"A Look Back at Space Mission Engine Testing at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 1198: 5250: 5132: 3906:"Final Program Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 3877:"Draft Program Environmental Impact Report for the Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 1104: 732: 578: 554: 520: 505: 359:(NAA) began its development of liquid propellant rocket engines after the end of 198: 165: 93: 2096: 5180: 3236:"Boeing Press Release. Boeing Commits Historic Santa Susana Site to Open Space" 657: 385: 381: 373: 252: 173: 69: 4427: 4415: 4201: 4185: 4172: 4159: 2810:

Superior Court of California. Sacramento County. Case 01CS01445. 29 March 2002

2505:"Authorized Sitewide Radiological Guidelines for Release for Unrestricted Use" 2382: 2327: 1282: 5234: 5216: 5203: 4830: 4264:

NASA's environmental cleanup and closure operations at NASA's portion of SSFL

4202:"DTSC - Santa Susana Field Laboratory Site Investigation and Cleanup website" 2937: 1066: 589: 448: 283: 121: 3320:

Proposed Amended Language to SB 990. Online citation needed. 12 October 2007

2534:"Sitewide Limits for Release of Facilities Without Radiological Restriction" 1924: 1291: 911: 566:

4) In 1969 the SNAP8DR experienced similar damage to one-third of its fuel.

409: 4507:

Release of Fission Gas from the AE-6 Reactor, hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

4285:"Draft Preliminary Site Evaluation of Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL)" 2250: 2219:"Radioactive microparticles related to the Woolsey Fire in Simi Valley, CA" 2114: 674: 569:

A radioactive fire occurred in 1971, involving combustible primary reactor

516: 369: 360: 161: 5011: 2967:"Radiological Criteria for License Termination", 10 CFR 20.1402 Subpart E" 2592:"Radiological Criteria for License Termination. 10 CFR 20.1402 Subpart E." 2048:"Activists concerned after wildfire ripped through nuclear research site" 1563:"{Pack, 1964 #4592} has map of complex trajectories in Los Angeles basin" 528: 156:(NAA), which developed a variety of pioneering, successful, and reliable 140: 81: 77: 4561:

SRE Fuel Element Damage an Interim Report, hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4311: 2217:

Kaltofen, Marco; Gundersen, Maggie; Gundersen, Arnie (1 December 2021).

316: 301:

population grew, along with housing developments surrounding the area.

259:(90% of SSFL drainage), Dayton Creek, Woolsey Canyon, and Runkle Creek. 4349:", 21 photos, 2 measured drawings, 2 photo caption pages 2759:"Radiological Criteria for Unrestricted Use. 10 CFR 20.1402 Subpart E." 1756: 1509: 653: 645: 621: 615: 364: 286: 267: 84:. The site is located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northwest of 73: 26: 902: 512:

burn pit in which sodium-coated objects were burned in an open pit; a

384:

mission. While the J-2 was tested at the facility, Rocketdyne's huge

681:

found "no discernible level of radiation in the tested area" and the

661: 513: 249: 241: 232:

The Santa Susana Field Laboratory is the focus of diverse interests.

3535:"Administrative Order on Consent for Remedial Action, 2010 NASA AOC" 1262: 677:

began at SSFL and burned about 80% of the site. After the fire, the

4588:

SRE Fuel Element Damage Final Report, hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

4301:

U.S. DOE ATSDR – Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry

3506:"Administrative Order on Consent for Remedial Action, 2010 DOE AOC" 3294:"SB 990 (Kuehl): Cleanup of Santa Susana Field Laboratory Property" 2052: 761: 547: 426: 377: 294: 202: 181: 177: 21: 4948:

Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility

4672: 1752:

Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Area IV, Historical Site Assessment

798:

2007 Technical Feasibility of Detecting Radionuclide Contamination

749:

1996 DOE and CDHS Approves Boeing’s Radiological Cleanup Standards

550:"got out of control and ... massive contamination" resulted. 508:

operated at SSFL, in addition to several "critical facilities": a

96:

is adjacent on part of the northern boundary and the community of

4432: 1505:

Santa Susana Field Laboratory Area IV, Historical Site Assessment

1121:

Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Area IV Historical Site Assessment

1062: 1060: 570: 3210:"SB 990 (Kuehl). Hazardous Waste: Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 893: 660:

in June 2004 to illegally storing explosive materials. The jury

309:(popularly known as "Star Wars") was also conducted in Area IV. 717: 634: 598: 509: 4534:

Analysis of SRE Power Excursion, hosted by RocketdyneWatch.org

4252: 4186:

Fly-through of Coca Test Area at Santa Susana Field Laboratory

1307:"Nuclear Decommissioning at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 1067:

Archeological Consultants, Inc.; Weitz Research (March 2009).

1057: 398: 2993:"Cleanup of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory in Simi Valley" 638: 637:

by dumping them in a pond and then shooting the barrels with

3387: 2848: 2819: 1821:"Report of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory Advisory Panel" 18:

Industrial research and development facilities in California

4767:

Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate

4703: 4389: 2704:"Senator Seeks Tougher Cleanup Standards at Rocketdyne Lab" 2438:"Final Program Environmental Impact Report (PEIR) for SSFL" 2134: 2078: 1207: 1199:

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (2001).

1075: 806: 108: 5256:

Buildings and structures in Los Angeles County, California

2216: 1693:"Sodium Reactor Experiment - Facts about the SRE Accident" 1586:

Rockwell International Corporation, Energy Systems Group.

1464: 4235: 3619: 3207: 912:

2017-2023 DTSC Program Environmental Impact Report (PEIR)

649: 574: 3648: 2990: 1588:"Sodium Reactor Experiment Decommissioning Final Report" 1531:

Trossman Bien, Joan; Collins, Michael (24 August 2009).

920: 103:

SSFL was used mainly for the development and testing of

25:

Aerial view of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory in the

3262: 862: 834:

agricultural land use and DTSC land transfer approval.

720:

related deaths. The report also concluded that the SRE

472: 5266:

Buildings and structures in Ventura County, California

4417:

History Channel History Channel: "Rocketdyne Meltdown"

557:

in March 1959. 2) In July 1959, the SRE experienced a

527:

is a facility used for remotely handling or machining

3651:"C088821 (Super. Ct. No. 34-2013-80001589-CU-WM-GDS)" 2354:"Offsite Impact of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 1336:"Offsite Impact of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 1152:"Protestors want SSFL cleaned up | Simi Valley Acorn" 289:

facility dedicated to the development and testing of

88:

and approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of

5331:

Nuclear accidents and incidents in the United States

4473:

NBC4, 21 September 2015, retrieved 23 December 2015.

2041: 2039: 1530: 815: 779: 593:

Toxic substances burn and are released into the air.

5261:

Buildings and structures in Simi Valley, California

4194: 3474: 1815: 1813: 903:

2014-2020 NASA Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

494: 457:The 1959 sodium reactor incident was chronicled on 5301:Historic American Engineering Record in California 1944:"Scientist Fined $ 100 in Lab Blast That Killed 2" 504:Throughout the years, approximately ten low-power 215:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 4100:California Department of Toxic Substances Control 3445: 3416: 3388:United States District Court (13 November 2009). 3178: 3019: 2169:California Department of Toxic Substances Control 2036: 2006: 2004: 1984:"Ex-Rocketdyne Worker Describes Fatal 1994 Blast" 1910: 1908: 1748: 1501: 1117: 683:California Department of Toxic Substances Control 542:The hot lab suffered a number of fires involving 5232: 2730:"Radiation Cleanup Standards - A Position Paper" 1810: 1771: 1668: 1646: 1269:, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1004–1009, 1260: 762:2001 CDHS Adopts NRC’s Decommissioning Standards 4314:", 4 measured drawings, 14 data pages 3961: 2153: 2135:Risk Assessment Corporation (26 October 2020). 1356: 871: 546:materials. For example, in 1957, a fire in the 4340:Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Delta Test Area 4326:Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Bravo Test Area 4127:Mihm, Nicholas (director) (14 November 2021). 3620:California Superior Court (19 November 2019). 2820:Superior Court of California (10 April 2002). 2502: 2210: 2001: 1905: 1182:"Boeing: Environment - Santa Susana - History" 1045:Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States 679:Los Angeles County Department of Public Health 531:material.) Irradiated nuclear fuel from other 5027: 4688: 4342:", 15 photos, 3 photo caption pages 4333:Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Coca Test Area 4319:Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Alfa Test Area 4141: 3532: 3208:California Senate (Kuehl) (14 October 2007). 2849:Superior Court of California (19 June 2002). 1452:"Apollo Expeditions to the Moon, Chapter 3.2" 1035:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents 894:2018 DOE Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) 5296:Environmental disasters in the United States 3503: 1429: 1427: 877:authorized LLRW or MLLRW disposal facility. 432: 347: 5041: 4477: 4428:"The Rockets' Red Glare: First Installment" 4347:Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Service Area 3990: 3329: 3263:Governor Schwarzenegger (12 October 2007). 2161:"DTSC Final Summary Report of Woolsey Fire" 1145: 1143: 1007: 884: 399:Nuclear and energy research and development 380:launch rocket developed for the moon-bound 5034: 5020: 4695: 4681: 2406: 2351: 2275: 2079:Risk Assessment Corporation (April 2023). 1719: 1690: 1333: 1304: 975:. Please do not remove this message until 205:. Atomics International also operated the 176:ballistic missiles, early versions of the 5306:History of Los Angeles County, California 4269:"LARWQCB - Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 3475:US Court of Appeals (19 September 2014). 2991:Meyer & Glitzenstein (19 July 2004). 2701: 2104: 1777: 1619: 1557: 1555: 1424: 1362: 1290: 995:Learn how and when to remove this message 4219:"Boeing - Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 2781: 1981: 1962: 1941: 1261:Stokely, C. & Stansbury, E. (2008), 1140: 971:Relevant discussion may be found on the 941: 807:2007 Consent Order for Corrective Action 620: 588: 408: 266: 139: 20: 4777:Space Environment Simulation Laboratory 4236:"U.S. DOE ETEC Closure Project Website" 4050: 4021: 3649:California Appeals Court (2 May 2023). 3179:Boeing/Rutherford (17 September 2007). 1914: 1899:”The Cancer Effect”, 30 October 2006, 100:is along the entire southern boundary. 5233: 4253:"NASA - Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 3738:"Draft SSFL Area IV EIS Documentation" 3590: 3561: 3361:"Conservation Easement - Santa Susana" 3358: 3233: 3103: 2727: 2560: 2223:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2190: 2010: 1784:I-Team: 7-part NBC News special report 1552: 5321:History of Ventura County, California 5015: 4676: 4440:from the original on 21 December 2021 3761: 3735: 3291: 3163:"Consent Order for Corrective Action" 3135:"Consent Order for Corrective Action" 3074: 3048: 2935: 2906: 2877: 2672: 2643: 2614: 2531: 2045: 1915:Collins, Michael (19 February 2003). 1149: 929: 921:2022 DTSC-Boeing Settlement Agreement 788: 770: 461:'s program Engineering Disasters 19. 5153:Energy Technology Engineering Center 4305:Historic American Engineering Record 4024:"Boeing SSFL NPDES Permit CA0001309" 3932: 3903: 3874: 3845: 3816: 3787: 3706: 3677: 3132: 2464: 2435: 2352:Rutherford, Phil (2 December 2022). 2276:Rutherford, Phil (27 October 2021). 1720:Rutherford, Phil (2 December 2022). 1691:Rutherford, Phil (29 October 2014). 1671:"Sodium Reactor Experiment Workshop" 1486: 1411:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1363:Chiotakis, Steve (15 October 2020). 1334:Rutherford, Phil (2 December 2022). 1227: 1021:In 2021, the three hour documentary 945: 863:2010-2013 Boeing Building Demolition 739: 687:Physicians for Social Responsibility 668: 485:Energy Technology Engineering Center 479:Energy Technology Engineering Center 473:Energy Technology Engineering Center 311: 305:development. Laser research for the 273:Energy Technology Engineering Center 238:National Register of Historic Places 207:Energy Technology Engineering Center 39:Energy Technology Engineering Center 5286:Energy infrastructure in California 5075:Simi Valley Unified School District 4943:Goddard Institute for Space Studies 4702: 3417:US District Court (26 April 2011). 3169:. Retrieved 28 January 2024. p. 10. 1942:Guccione, Jean (11 December 2003). 703:normally associated with wildfire. 584: 499: 13: 5316:History of the San Fernando Valley 5311:History of Simi Valley, California 5138:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library 4994:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station 4968:Scientific Balloon Flight Facility 4133:(Motion picture). Los Angeles, CA. 4003:from the original on 13 April 2024 1965:"Executive Sentenced in '94 Blast" 1963:Guccione, Jean (28 January 2003). 1524: 731:According to studies conducted by 271:Aerial view looking north, of the 14: 5387: 5241:1947 establishments in California 5128:Grandma Prisbrey's Bottle Village 3991:Grigoryants, Olga (12 May 2022). 3764:"Final SSFL Area IV EIS Document" 3533:DTSC and NASA (6 December 2010). 3292:Kuehl, Sheila (12 October 2007). 2964: 2756: 2589: 1982:Guccione, Jean (5 January 2002). 1649:"Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE)" 816:2007 Radiological Release Process 780:2003 DOE Environmental Assessment 710: 395:tests at SSFL from 1974 to 1988. 5346:Radioactively contaminated areas 5276:Civilian nuclear power accidents 4869:Armstrong Flight Research Center 4826:Operations and Checkout Building 4816:Central Instrumentation Facility 4469:Joel Grover and Matthew Glasser 4357:Heritage Documentation Programs 4195:Responsible parties and agencies 4180: 4167: 4154: 4120: 4106: 4085: 4073: 4044: 4015: 3984: 3955: 3926: 3897: 3868: 3839: 3810: 3781: 3755: 3729: 3504:DTSC and DOE (6 December 2010). 3446:US District Court (5 May 2011). 3020:US District Court (2 May 2007). 2503:California DHS (9 August 1996). 2407:Rutherford, Phil (9 June 2022). 2380: 2325: 2191:Harris, Mike (19 January 2021). 2046:Ortiz, Erik (14 November 2018). 2011:Harris, Mike (17 October 2021). 1778:Grover, Joel; Glasser, Matthew. 1620:Grover, Joel; Glasser, Matthew. 1465:U.S. Energy Information Agency. 1305:Rutherford, Phil (9 June 2022). 1150:Simon, Melissa (13 April 2018). 950: 495:Accidents and site contamination 315: 255:on the SSFL property, including 105:liquid-propellant rocket engines 4390:The Santa Susana Advisory Panel 3700: 3671: 3642: 3613: 3584: 3555: 3526: 3497: 3468: 3439: 3410: 3381: 3352: 3330:Sierra Club (15 January 2008). 3323: 3314: 3285: 3256: 3227: 3201: 3172: 3155: 3126: 3097: 3068: 3042: 3013: 2984: 2958: 2929: 2900: 2871: 2842: 2813: 2804: 2775: 2750: 2721: 2695: 2666: 2637: 2608: 2583: 2554: 2525: 2496: 2487: 2458: 2429: 2400: 2383:"Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 2374: 2345: 2328:"Santa Susana Field Laboratory" 2319: 2298: 2269: 2184: 2128: 2072: 1975: 1956: 1935: 1893: 1868: 1859: 1838: 1798: 1742: 1713: 1684: 1662: 1640: 1628:. National Broadcasting Company 1613: 1593:. ESG-DOE-13403. Archived from 1579: 1495: 1480: 1458: 1444: 1396: 1382: 1327: 293:, powerful rockets such as the 135: 3962:DTSC and Boeing (9 May 2022). 3214:California Legislative Website 2702:Polakovic, Gary (8 May 1999). 1755:. pp. 2–1. Archived from 1749:Sapere and Boeing (May 2005). 1508:. pp. 2–1. Archived from 1502:Sapere and Boeing (May 2005). 1298: 1254: 1221: 1192: 1174: 1118:Sapere and Boeing (May 2005). 1111: 1097: 1016: 824: 197:nuclear reactor launched into 1: 5148:Santa Susana Field Laboratory 5057:Simi Valley Police Department 4963:Santa Susana Field Laboratory 4471:LA'S Nuclear Secret, Part 1-5 4312:Santa Susana Field Laboratory 2243:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106755 1467:"California Nuclear Industry" 1050: 50:Santa Susana Field Laboratory 4884:Rendezvous Docking Simulator 4843:Marshall Space Flight Center 2467:"SSFL PEIR Community Update" 2278:"Review of Fairewinds Study" 872:2020 DOE Building Demolition 853: 652:raid on the facility, three 307:Strategic Defense Initiative 7: 5336:Nuclear research institutes 5160:Simi Adobe–Strathearn House 4953:Manned Space Flight Network 4772:Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory 4737:Goddard Space Flight Center 4022:LARWQCB (19 October 2023). 2561:Boeing (18 February 1999). 2532:USDOE (11 September 1996). 2097:10.1097/HP.0000000000001665 1722:"Sodium Reactor Experiment" 1487:Voss, Susan (August 1984). 1124:. p. 2. Archived from 1078:. p. 1. Archived from 1028: 977:conditions to do so are met 152:, originally a division of 109:United States space program 10: 5392: 5102:Grace Brethren High School 4911:Carnarvon Tracking Station 4757:Lunar Receiving Laboratory 4142:External links and sources 4051:LARWQCB (12 August 2022). 3600:Phil Rutherford Consulting 3301:Phil Rutherford Consulting 3272:Phil Rutherford Consulting 3243:Phil Rutherford Consulting 3234:Boeing (12 October 2007). 3000:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2916:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2858:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2829:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2791:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2682:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2653:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2416:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2361:Phil Rutherford Consulting 2285:Phil Rutherford Consulting 1729:Phil Rutherford Consulting 1700:Phil Rutherford Consulting 1343:Phil Rutherford Consulting 1314:Phil Rutherford Consulting 1267:Advances in Space Research 726:Three Mile Island accident 577:) contaminated with mixed 476: 436: 402: 262: 201:by the United States, the 5341:Nuclear research reactors 5291:Environment of California 5189: 5168: 5123:Corriganville Movie Ranch 5110: 5065: 5049: 4986: 4978:White Sands Test Facility 4958:Michoud Assembly Facility 4903: 4856: 4789:Vehicle Assembly Building 4742:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4729: 4722: 4713: 4383: 4179: 4175:, HAER, 25 September 2013 4166: 4153: 4148: 4130:In the Dark of the Valley 4093:"Petition Final Response" 4082:. accessed 30 August 2010 1283:10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.046 1023:In the Dark of the Valley 489:U.S. Department of Energy 445:Sodium Reactor Experiment 439:Sodium Reactor Experiment 433:Sodium reactor experiment 393:Space shuttle main engine 348:Rocket engine development 211:U.S. Department of Energy 190:Space Shuttle Main Engine 118:Sodium Reactor Experiment 5271:Canoga Park, Los Angeles 5217:34.230822°N 118.696375°W 5191:This list is incomplete. 5118:Burro Flats Painted Cave 5085:Santa Susana High School 4821:Shuttle Landing Facility 4478:Reactor accident sources 4395: 4345:HAER No. CA-2287, " 4338:HAER No. CA-2286, " 4331:HAER No. CA-2285, " 4324:HAER No. CA-2284, " 4317:HAER No. CA-2283, " 4310:HAER No. CA-2282, " 3707:DTSC (20 October 2020). 3591:PSR-LA (6 August 2013). 3562:Boeing (19 April 2013). 3359:Boeing (24 April 2017). 3075:USEPA (September 1994). 2936:USEPA (22 August 1997). 2615:USEPA (September 1994). 1390:"SSFL Surface Water Map" 1008:Community Advisory Group 885:NASA Building Demolition 533:Atomic Energy Commission 519:fabrication facility; a 234:Burro Flats Painted Cave 219:American Nuclear Society 160:. Some were used in the 37:beyond to the east. The 5376:West Hills, Los Angeles 5326:North American Aviation 5281:Disasters in California 5090:Simi Valley High School 5043:Simi Valley, California 4973:Wallops Flight Facility 4936:Space Flight Operations 4879:Langley Research Center 4762:Lunar Sample Laboratory 4410:Ventura County Reporter 4378:Sage Ranch Park website 4231:questions are provided. 3875:DTSC (September 2017). 3846:NASA (September 2020). 3762:USDOE (November 2018). 3161:DTSC (16 August 2007). 3133:DTSC (16 August 2007). 3104:Boeing (6 March 2007). 3049:USDOE (November 2018). 2782:CDHS/RHB (1 May 2000). 2728:Boeing (10 June 1999). 1921:Ventura County Reporter 1780:"L.A.'s Nuclear Secret" 1622:"L.A.'s Nuclear Secret" 1156:www.simivalleyacorn.com 357:North American Aviation 154:North American Aviation 5366:Santa Susana Mountains 5222:34.230822; -118.696375 4999:Mercury Control Center 3997:Los Angeles Daily News 3964:"Settlement Agreement" 3933:DTSC (February 2023). 3736:USDOE (January 2017). 1669:Department of Energy. 1647:Department of Energy. 700: 626: 594: 418: 279: 145: 126:containment structures 45: 5246:Atomics International 4874:Glenn Research Center 4811:Launch Control Center 4364:National Park Service 4355:National Park Service 4162:, HAER, 27 March 2013 3817:NASA (24 July 2020). 2907:USEPA (11 May 1999). 2673:USEPA (11 May 1999). 2644:USEPA (11 May 1999). 1927:on 19 February 2003. 1489:SNAP Reactor Overview 942:Community Involvement 695: 624: 592: 423:Atomics International 415:Atomics International 412: 405:Atomics International 270: 194:Atomics International 158:liquid rocket engines 143: 56:), formerly known as 35:San Gabriel Mountains 24: 4864:Ames Research Center 4848:Stennis Space Center 4784:Kennedy Space Center 4747:Johnson Space Center 4659:on 28 September 2007 4632:on 28 September 2007 4605:on 28 September 2007 4593:"-NAA-SR-MEMO-12210" 4578:on 28 September 2007 4566:"-NAA-SR-4488-Suppl" 4551:on 28 September 2007 4524:on 28 September 2007 4497:on 28 September 2007 3678:DTSC (19 May 2020). 2878:USDOE (March 2003). 1188:on 26 February 2011. 1040:Nuclear labor issues 631:Department of Energy 610:that was 90 percent 537:Department of Energy 186:Saturn rocket family 164:cruise missile, the 90:Downtown Los Angeles 5361:San Fernando Valley 5213: / 5176:Simi Valley station 4836:Crawler-transporter 4485:"-NAA-SR-MEMO-3757" 4291:on 30 December 2009 4116:. 1 September 2016. 3788:NASA (March 2014). 2235:2021JEnvR.24006755K 2197:Ventura County Star 2060:on 14 November 2018 2018:Ventura County Star 1901:Ventura County Star 1853:www.etec.energy.gov 1275:2008AdSpR..41.1004S 1158:. Simi Valley Acorn 1128:on 12 December 2009 964:of this section is 803:later (see later). 604:Ventura County Star 299:Southern California 111:from 1949 to 2006, 66:unincorporated area 62:Southern California 31:San Fernando Valley 5143:Santa Susana Depot 5095:Apollo High School 4916:Deep Space Network 4723:Primary 10 centers 4402:EnviroReporter.com 4188:, HAER 6 June 2013 3904:DTSC (June 2023). 2465:DTSC (July 2023). 2436:DTSC (June 2023). 1759:on 28 January 2010 1512:on 28 January 2010 1228:DuTemple, Octave. 930:2023 Surface Water 789:2004 NRDC Sues DOE 771:2002 CBG Sues CDHS 648:investigation and 627: 595: 419: 327:. You can help by 280: 223:The Boeing Company 146: 46: 5196: 5195: 5080:Royal High School 5068:secondary schools 5009: 5008: 4899: 4898: 4794:Launch Complex 39 4716:NASA Headquarters 4192: 4191: 3942:DTSC SSFL Website 3913:DTSC SSFL Website 3884:DTSC SSFL Website 3716:DTSC SSFL Website 3687:DTSC SSFL Website 3658:DTSC SSFL Website 3629:DTSC SSFL Website 3571:DTSC SSFL Website 3542:DTSC SSFL Website 3513:DTSC SSFL Website 3484:DTSC SSFL Website 3455:DTSC SSFL Website 3426:DTSC SSFL Website 3397:DTSC SSFL Website 3339:DTSC SSFL Website 3167:DTSC SSFL Website 3142:DTSC SSFL Website 2737:DTSC SSFL Website 2708:Los Angeles Times 2474:DTSC SSFL Website 2445:DTSC SSFL Website 2387:DTSC SSFL Website 2332:DTSC SSFL Website 2313:www.ssflpanel.org 2172:. 1 December 2020 1988:Los Angeles Times 1969:Los Angeles Times 1949:Los Angeles Times 1846:"Accident report" 1005: 1004: 997: 740:Cleanup Standards 669:2018 Woolsey fire 612:hydrogen peroxide 345: 344: 246:Los Angeles River 5383: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5013: 5012: 4904:Other facilities 4889:Space Task Group 4727: 4726: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4652:. 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Archived from 1178: 1172: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1147: 1138: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1084: 1073: 1064: 1000: 993: 989: 986: 980: 954: 953: 946: 585:Sodium burn pits 506:nuclear reactors 500:Nuclear reactors 340: 337: 319: 312: 291:nuclear reactors 236:, listed on the 113:nuclear reactors 5391: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5231: 5230: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5192: 5185: 5164: 5133:Happy Face Hill 5106: 5067: 5061: 5045: 5040: 5010: 5005: 4982: 4895: 4852: 4752:Mission Control 4718: 4709: 4701: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4647:"-AI-AEC-13003" 4645: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4622: 4620:"-NAA-SR-12029" 4618: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4416: 4398: 4386: 4368: 4366: 4358: 4294: 4292: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4181: 4168: 4155: 4149:External videos 4144: 4139: 4138: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4060:LARWQCB Website 4055: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4031:LARWQCB Website 4026: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3850: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3792: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3711: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3682: 3676: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3653: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3604: 3602: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3566: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3527: 3517: 3515: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3296: 3290: 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