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first by means of a peaceful agreement and only practice "ngayau" when they are violently attacked, while the
Madurese practice "carok" as a first measure. In this case, the Madurese aggressively murdered some Dayak by using a sickle (celurit), so the Dayak responded out of self-defense. As Malays, the Sambas do not have a tradition of violence but allied with the Dayak due harassment of the migrant Madurese over the course of many decades.
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to resist the attacks of the
Madurese in the Sambas district. Up to 3,000 Madurese were killed, and the Indonesian government did little to stop the violence. Some of the Indonesian soldiers that were sent to quell the riots were attacked by the Sambas Malays and Dayaks due to their support for the
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Province and involved the
Madurese on one side and an alliance of the indigenous Dayak people and Sambas Malays on the other. The Madurese and Dayak were inspired by their respective traditions of violence: "carok" for the Madurese and "ngayau" for the Dayak. The Dayak attempt to settle disputes
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The Sambas riots in 1999 were not an isolated incident, as there had been previous incidents of violence between the Dayaks and the
Madurese. The last major conflict occurred between December 1996 and January 1997, and resulted in more than 600 deaths. The Madurese first arrived in
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After the
Madurese massacred the Sambas Malays in Parit Setia while exiting the local mosque after performing the Muslim Aid al-Adha prayer, the Sambas Malays lost all patience with the harassment and murdering on the part of the Madurese. They thus joined forces with the
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In 2001, another conflict broke out between the
Madurese and Dayak that resulted in hundreds of deaths. It became known as the
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Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media
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initiated by the Dutch colonial administration, and continued by the
Indonesian government.
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393:"The Sampit conflict - People - The Madurese and the Dayak - Discover Indonesia Online"
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Braithwaite, John; Braithwaite, Valerie; Cookson, Michael; Dunn, Leah (2010).
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Anomie and
Violence: Non-truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding
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Islam, Law, and
Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning
370:"Violence in Indonesian Borneo Spurs the Relocation of Ethnic Madurese"
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309:. IUSSP Regional Population Conference, Bangkok. Archived from
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Can Peace Research Make Peace?: Lessons in Academic Diplomacy
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Location of the district (kabupaten) within the province of
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281:"Indonesia: The Violence in Central Kalimantan (Borneo)"
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Severed Heads and Violence Against Madurese in Borneo
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451:Conflict, Violence, and Displacement in Indonesia
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568:Reformasi dan Persatuan Nasional: 1998 to 2001
335:Professor Timo Kivimaki (December 28, 2012).
158:were an outbreak of inter-ethnic violence in
488:. Cambridge University Press. p. 62.
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341:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 24.
304:"Immigration and Conflict in Indonesia"
283:. Human Rights Watch. February 28, 2001
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603:Riots and civil disorder in Indonesia
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482:Bowen, John Richard (May 29, 2003).
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559:Tali Kepala Merah Kembali Dikenakan
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302:Tri Nuke Pudjiastuti (June 2002).
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623:Ethnic conflicts in Indonesia
522:. Cambria Press. p. 90.
448:Hedman, Eva-Lotta E. (2008).
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239:, a much smaller scale
227:Transmigration program
186:transmigration program
516:Dawis, Aimee (2009).
129:Casualties and losses
573:PERANG SAMPIT MADURA
372:. Cultural Survival
184:in 1930 under the
593:1999 in Indonesia
529:978-1-60497-606-9
495:978-0-521-53189-4
461:978-0-87727-745-3
427:978-1-921666-23-0
348:978-1-4094-7188-2
237:2010 Tarakan riot
209:Further massacres
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252:Bugis people
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156:Sambas riots
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21:Sambas riots
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608:Headhunting
618:1999 riots
587:Categories
320:August 13,
287:August 13,
267:References
202:Madurese.
175:Background
535:March 20,
501:March 20,
467:March 20,
433:March 20,
399:March 17,
376:March 17,
354:March 20,
192:Massacres
160:Indonesia
141:3000 dead
75:Indonesia
243:between
221:See also
106:Madurese
62:Location
26:Part of
256:Tarakan
108:rioters
100:rioters
95:rioters
82:Parties
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248:Tidung
199:Dayaks
182:Borneo
164:Sambas
46:Borneo
314:(PDF)
307:(PDF)
245:Dayak
118:POLRI
98:Dayak
93:Malay
537:2014
524:ISBN
503:2014
490:ISBN
469:2014
456:ISBN
435:2014
422:ISBN
401:2014
378:2014
356:2014
343:ISBN
322:2008
289:2008
250:and
241:riot
154:The
57:1999
54:Date
254:in
114:TNI
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