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in the South. This influx was met with considerable resistance in
Northern communities, including Chicago, leading to numerous forms of marginalization for the new arrivals; one expression of this was the often mocking, stereotypical portrayal of African Americans by White performers, a tradition of
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After overcoming initial problems with finding food, living space and employment, Sam and Henry set up their own moving company, with overbearing Henry as company president and meek, gullible Sam as the one who does all the work. Having been initiated into a colored fraternity called the Jewels of
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on phonograph records for distribution to other radio stations. The duo's last musical program for WGN was broadcast on
January 29, 1928. In March, they brought their characters, now called Amos and Andy, to competing Chicago station WMAQ. WGN retained the rights to the characters and continued
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quoted in chapter 23, these are from among the 31 episodes broadcast up to
February 19, 1926). In the brief introduction, they wrote, "Please stand by while we rise (both of us) and bow fervently to our good and great papa, the
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Today, the show is acknowledged as a historically significant production, but one that also effected real harm through the perpetuation of racial stereotypes, minstrelsy, and blackface performance.
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on
January 12, 1926, and immediately found an audience of Midwestern listeners. Correll and Gosden wrote and produced 586 episodes. They provided the voices for all characters.
189:. This reflected the historical circumstances in Chicago during the 1920s, when millions of Southern Black families moved north in search of opportunity and relief from
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the Crown, they strike up a friendship with the Most
Precious Diamond, the high officer of the lodge, who frequently tries to get his hands on the boys' money.
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286:(rewritten and shortened to about three minutes), and in the first two months of 1927, they performed as Sam 'n' Henry in at least three Chicago theaters.
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Gosden and
Correll decided to make their main characters, named Sam Smith and Henry Johnson, Black men who had recently arrived from Alabama during the
253:, containing a selection of 25 of the scripts Correll and Gosden wrote for the first two months of their radio series (judging from the pages of the
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returned as a 15- to 30-minute program, in which the title characters mostly functioned as announcers for musical performances. The final episode of
262:. Oh, oh!" Illustrator Samuel Jay Smith supplied several drawings of the characters. Since the book sold well in the Midwest, the
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African
American Viewers and the Black Situation Comedy: Situating Racial Humor (Studies in African American History and Culture)
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contained the script of an old or recent episode of the show. In 1926 and 1927, Gosden and
Correll also recorded some of their
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In late 1925, radio performers Gosden and
Correll had been approached about doing a show based on Sidney Smith's popular
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178:. Gosden and Corell instead proposed their own radio serial using characters they created themselves. Like
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The
Original Amos ānā Andy: Freeman Gosden, Charles Correll and the 1928ā1943 Radio Serial
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Gosden and Corell left WGN after the station rejected their novel concept of recording
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without Correll and Gosden until February 12, 1928. On March 31, some two weeks after
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from 1926 through 1928. The ten-minute program is often considered the first
552:"Sam 'n Henry (aka Amos & Andy) 14 Eps", Old Time Radio, Audio Archive.
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395:(Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 31.
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From February 6, 1927, to October 2, 1927, each Sunday issue of the
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309:. McLeod, Elizabeth. Archived from the original on August 24, 2004
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Tom Heathwood interviews broadcast historian Elizabeth McLeod
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All about Amos 'n' Andy and Their Creators Correll and Gosden
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which Gosden and Correll became prominent examples.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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514:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2005.
480:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 384.
477:Radio Voices: American Broadcasting, 1922ā1952
392:On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio
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266:brought out a paperback version in 1930.
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342:Coleman, Robin R. Means, ed. (1998).
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