Saint Catherine, Egypt

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for healthy children, or people looking for a good crop, go to a tomb. Until the 1956 war in the Sinai, the Gebeliya and the Auled-Said shared a common Mulid (the annual Zuara) at the tomb of Nebi-Saleh; however, the war caused them to conduct the ceremonies at separate locations. The tribes are still apparently close. Now the Gebeliya go to Aaron's tomb, and the Auled-Said go to Nebi Salah's tomb. Both go in the 8th month. The Garasha and Sawalha also go to Nebi-Salah's tomb for their Mulid but in the 7th Month." Some of the Jebeliya gather at the Tomb of Sheikh Awad on the second day of

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granite-sand bricks stand firmly. The open quarry on the top of Jebel Somra, just opposite Jebel Abbas Basha, is still visible with many huge blocks. Other blocks were cut from Wadi Zawatin, at the beginning of the ascent to the palace. The bricks were made on site while the mortar, made of lime and water, was burnt in kilns in the surrounding valleys. To be able to carry out the work, first, a road accessible to camels and donkeys was built in order to transport the supplies. The road, starting at Abu Jeefa and going through Wadi Tubuq and Wadi Zawatin, is still used today.

1965: 361: 450: 1604: 669: 1385:, and foxes can be seen. Harmless to people, foxes regularly visit the town at night to steal and scavenge. Rock hyraxes are often seen frequenting gardens including a wide range having migrated from Europe. Feral donkeys in the mountains have migrated to the region and lower-lying areas (reportedly as far as El Tur) in the winter and return to graze during the summer. Many of them belong to families and are branded. There is a move to reduce their numbers by the Saint Katherine City Council. 1897:, the mountain where the body of the saint from Alexandria was placed by angels, according to Christian beliefs. The saint, born Dorothea in 294 AD, was educated in pagan schools but converted to Christianity, for which she was executed. Her body vanished, but some three centuries later, monks guided by a dream found it on the mountain. It was brought down and placed in a golden casket in the Monastery, which became known in the 11th century as the Monastery of Saint Catherine. 1767:(1805–1848), Abbas Pasha was in many ways the opposite. He had "a lasting distrust of foreigners, strongly opposed many of the Western-inspired changes introduced by his father Mohammed Ali Pasha, and he is remembered as a traditionalist and reactionary who undid many of his grandfather's modernizing reforms. His secretive and suspicious nature led to much speculation over his death; it is uncertain whether he was murdered or died of a stroke." 1826:, circular prehistoric stone tombs, are found at many locations, such as at the beginning of Wadi Jebal or in Wadi Mathar. Halfway to Wadi Jebal, is a Roman well, and further on a well-preserved Byzantine church next to a walled garden and spring. Another church is at the spring of Ain Nagila, at the foot of Jebel el Bab. Ruins of other settlements and buildings can be found in Wadi Tinya, Wadi Shaq Tinya, Farsh Abu Mahashur, and other places. 714:, Raha, and Nabi Harun form the core of the town, at the end of the tarmac road where the valleys of Wadi El Arbain (Wadi El Lega), Wadi Quez, Wadi Raha, Wadi Shrayj and Wadi El Dier connect to the main valley, Wadi Sheikh. There are settlements in Wadi Sheikh that date before the town and other smaller settlements in the valleys. Saint Catherine is the capital of the Municipality of Saint Katherine, which includes these outlying areas. 63: 2027: 430: 216: 22: 368: 165: 1956:(also known as "John of the Ladder"), was built in 1979 in Wadi Itlah to commemorate John Climacus's devotional work in the 6th century AD. Also spelled Saint John Climacus or Climax, the saint spent forty years in solitude in a cave above the existing chapel. "During this time, Klimakos was elected Abbot of Sinai and asked to write a spiritual guide. He composed 1830:

and round buildings are most likely to be from the Byzantine period. While the Bedouin constructed storage rooms under rocks, they would have been too low for hermits to pray in an upright, kneeling position. Rounded walls, niches and shelves, and tiny doors are typical of Byzantine stone dwellings. Stones were laid without mortar and roofs were often absent.

1879:(Blue Mountain) can be seen just before reaching Saint Catherine to the left in a wide-open wadi. The display was made by Belgian artist Jean Verame in 1980–1981, who painted many of the boulders over an area of around 15 km (5.8 sq mi) and a hill blue. From the air, it looks like a dove of peace. 1961:

ladder. The first rung instructs the renunciation of all earthly ties and the next 14 relate to human vices such as talkativeness, anger, despondency, and dishonesty. The final 15 rungs relate to virtues including meekness, simplicity, prayer, holy stillness and humility. The crowning virtue is love."

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The building technique of the Bedouin was taken from the Byzantine settlers, so it is often difficult to tell structures apart. Furthermore, the Bedouin often reused the ruins in later times. However, there are telling clues—Byzantine buildings were scattered close to each other in small settlements,

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Other important monasteries in the region are the Monastery of Ramhan south of Mount Catherine, the Monastery of Hodra near the oasis of Ain Hodra, and several smaller, ruined monasteries and churches. Most of the best-preserved are found close to the village of Saint Catherine in Wadi Shrayj, Wadi

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According to the governmental plans, the population of the city is expected to increase from 4,603 to 17,378 in 2017. 3,031 (75.1%) of Saint Catherine's population is formed of Jebeliya Bedouins, while the rest are Egyptians, Greeks, Russians and western Europeans. Assuming a natural growth rate of

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traps can be seen in many places, either under boulders such as in Wadi Talaa, or standing alone as on the top of Abu Geefa. A goat was placed inside as bait, and when the trap was tripped by a leopard, a large rock fell to block the entrance. Leopards are now extinct in Sinai; the last was spotted

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when a Bedouin or group of Bedouin wish to ask the Sheikh to intervene with Allah on their behalf". Zuara is the generic name for any activity of this sort. In addition to the Mulid, the bedouins often practice Zuara on a weekly basis. The sick Bedouins or their relatives, pregnant mothers looking

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The Monastery of Wadi Feiran, with its chapel dedicated to Prophet Moses, is some 60 kilometres (37 mi) before reaching Saint Catherine. The wadi is mentioned in Genesis (21:21) "as the place where Hagar dwelt with her son after Abraham sent her away". As late as the 7th century, Feiran was a

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which likens spiritual life to the ladder seen by the Patriarch Jacob extending from earth to heaven (Genesis 28:12-17)." According to the book the ladder "consists of 30 rungs, each step corresponding to a spiritual virtue. Through silence and solitude hermits and monks sought to climb the divine

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Because Abbas Pasha suffered from tuberculosis, one of the reasons he began building a palace in the high mountains was for medical reasons. On the other hand, he liked a secluded lifestyle and had other remote palaces. According to tradition, he selected the place after placing meat on the top of

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Bedouin houses are small, simple stone structures with cane roofing, either incorporated into the garden wall or standing alone a bit further up from the wadi floor, away from the devastating flash floods that sweep through after occasional heavy rains. Houses are often built next to huge boulders

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Traces of ancient water systems or conduits can also be found which were used to direct rainwater to the settlement and for irrigation. Typical of the Byzantine era, water conduits or channels directed the mountain rains to cisterns or pools. Water conduits were constructed using natural drainage

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The Monastery of Saint Catherine has been a working monastery from its creation in the 4th century to the present day. It holds one of the most religiously and historically significant libraries in the world, second only to that of the Vatican. Being of religious importance to Jews, Muslims, and

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railway line in 1851", he "had a significant influence on the immediate area around Saint Catherine. Besides the construction of the mountain-top palace, he commissioned the building of the camel path up to Mount Sinai and the Askar barracks on the way to the monastery, which now lies in ruins."

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between 1849 and 1854. The palace was built on a mountain at the time called Jebel Tinya, but later named after him and today called Jebel Abbas Basha. The palace was never finished, as he died before it was completed, but the massive 2-metre-thick (6.6 ft) walls made of granite blocks and

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monasteries, churches, and monastic settlements in the area, some of them not much more than a pile of rocks, and others difficult to distinguish from Bedouin buildings, but there are also several very well-preserved ones. Many can be found in the Bustan el Birka area, approachable from the

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Army in the 3rd century were commanded to worship pagan gods. They refused and were put to death by being exposed at night to the cold winds of a frozen lake. Those who survived until morning were killed by the sword. On the grounds of this monastery is a chapel dedicated to the hermit

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Places important to local people include the tombs of local saints such as Sheikh Harun (Aaron's Tomb) and Sheikh Salah (Nebi-Salah's Tomb) in Wadi Sheikh before reaching the town, or Sheikh Awad and Sheikh Ahmed in the mountains. Some of the Bedouin gather at these tombs to celebrate

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In many places, big boulders can be seen with oval-shaped marks engraved on the surface. They are marriage proposal rocks, where a lover drew a line around his foot on the rock face next to his lover's footprint. If the two marks are encircled, their wish was granted and they married.

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The township's oldest settlement was in Wadi El Sybaiya, east of the city's monastery, where descendants of Roman soldiers, the Jebeliya, were accommodated. It started growing into a town after the tarmac road was completed in the 1980s and the tourist trade began. Many of the nomadic

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surround the town, with many smaller valleys leading from the basin to the mountains in all directions. The township is at an elevation of 1,600 metres (5,200 ft). The high altitude of the town and the high mountain ranges which surround it provide a pleasant climate with mild

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The traditional people of the area, the Jebeliya Bedouin, were brought from south-eastern Europe in the 6th century AD. Originally Christians, they converted to Islam and intermarried with other nomadic tribes. Some segments of the tribe arrived relatively recently from the

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Smaller rock shelters and store rooms are constructed under boulders and in walled-up caves and are found throughout the mountainous area. Some of them are easily-visible landmarks, such as in Abu Seila or Farsh Rummana, but most are hard to distinguish from the landscape.

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In Wadi Mathar (Wadi Shaq) is a hermit cell under a huge boulder. The remains of the monks who died there centuries ago are in the walled-up chamber. Further up is a well-preserved monastic settlement with houses and a round building that might have been a storage room.

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The Hagar Musa (Rock of Moses) in Wadi El Arbain, from which the Prophet Moses produced water, is a holy place for the monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Locals believe the twelve clefts on it represent the twelve springs mentioned in the

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in the important port city, which was an early Christian center from the 3rd century AD. Today it lies in ruins but there is a new monastery in the city, as well as a church and a guest house. The Spring of Moses is reputed to have therapeutic abilities.

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The Monastery of Cosmas and Damianos in Wadi Talaa is named after the martyred brothers who were doctors and treated locals for free in the 3rd century AD. The garden of the monastery, looked after by a Bedouin family, has a long olive grove, some tall

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methods, partly because of the natural environment, and partly because of the interaction between the Bedouin and the monastery. They received seeds from the monks to start crops. They grow vegetables and fruit in stone-walled gardens called

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Christians the area receives nearly 100,000 visitors annually. While the struggle to limit access and visiting hours has done little to preserve the monastery, it has also provided a measure of protection during political turbulence.

1463:. Their culture is similar to other Bedouin groups, but they have preserved some unique features. Contrary to other Bedouin tribes, the Jebeliya have always practiced agriculture and are expert gardeners, which is evident in the 2210: 1775:

and Mount Tinya. Where the meat took longer to decay, suggested a better environment and cleaner air. Another account recalls that this story was actually made up by the monks to keep him away from the holy peaks.

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days. The nights can get very cold on rare occasions, making it sometimes necessary to heat buildings and public places. Saint Catherine is considered to be one of the coldest towns in Egypt along with

1917:, the Jebeliya Bedouin believe "that by making crouch down before the rock the camels will become fertile and yield more milk". There is also a Bedouin marriage proposal rock in the walled compound. 1807:

As another example, a well-preserved church in Wadi Shrayj, can be found after passing other somewhat ruined Byzantine buildings. Further up from the church, are more ruins, some dating back to the

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Wishing rocks are boulders, usually a short distance from the main paths, with a flat top. According to local legend, if one throws a pebble and it stays on the top, one's wish will come true.

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around Saint Catherine. They continue to live in a symbiotic relationship with the monastery and its monks, and today many Bedouins work with the monastery on its compound or in its gardens.

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Beyond the many religious places found around the Monastery of Saint Catherine and on the top of Mount Sinai and Jebel Safsafa are many other churches, monasteries, and holy sites.

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3% by 2017, the Bedouin population would become a minority in Saint Catherine, dropping to 36% of the total population if the Egyptian Ministry of Planning targets are achieved.

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Today, Saint Catherine City is organized as a township. It has a high school, a hospital, a police and fire brigade, hotels, a post office, a telephone center, and a bank.

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The Jebeliya are skilled gardeners and craftsmen who have been building gardens, houses, storerooms, water dams and other structures in the mountains for centuries.

226: 2003:", an innovation and not consistent with Islam. (In fact, most of the bidaa actually predates Islam and is rather a survival of a tradition than an innovation.) 641:. The region provided the Egyptian Empire with turquoise, gold, and copper. Well-preserved ruins of mines and temples are found not far from Saint Catherine at 2325: 1834:

lines in granite and by cementing flat stones with natural mortar. The outdoor courtyards are thought to have been used for meeting guests and for cooking.

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as the rock which sustained the children of Israel (1 Cor. 10:4). There is a small Orthodox (Christian) chapel next to it. According to Swiss orientalist

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and mastered grafting, where a branch of a higher-yielding lowland variety is planted (grafted) on a more resistant but low-yielding mountain variety.

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The town also puts pressure on the water resources, as groundwater in the valley is from the mountains. As of September 28, 2011, water from the

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There is a mass of names (singular of nawamis) near the Oasis of Ain Hudra, as well as a rock with pharaonic inscriptions near the main road to

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The Monastery of the Forty Martyrs in Wadi El Arbain was constructed in the 6th century in honor of the forty Christian martyrs who died in

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are essential to the natives and are found in many locations. Vegetables are not grown as much as in the past because of the lack of water.

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Zuara, also known as Sheikh Day or Mulid (Moulid), "is performed by most Sinai tribes at the tombs of Sheiks, or in nearby shelters called

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Saint Catherine Town lies at the foot of the Sinai high mountain region, the "Roof of Egypt", where Egypt's highest mountains are found.

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One of the principal goals of the Protectorate is to preserve the biodiversity of the fragile ecosystem, with an emphasis on the

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Shackley, Myra (1 January 1998). "A golden calf in sacred space?: The future of St Katherine's monastery, Mount Sinai (Egypt)".

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where the boulder serves as an exterior wall. Natural cracks and holes are used as shelves and candle holders inside the house.

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https://www.egyptimmigration.org/news/the-sandbox-music-festival-bringing-together-music-enthusiasts-from-around-the-world

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moved to small settlements around the city's monastery, which collectively make up Saint Catherine Town. The districts of

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trees, and other fruit trees and vegetables. There are more gardens belonging to the monastery further down in the wadi.

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Snow is the best source of water as it melts slowly, thus releasing water at a steady pace, replenishing the underwater

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Anshel, Bustan el Birka, Wadi Abu Zaituna, and also in the High Mountains such as at Ain Nagila and in Wadi Jebal.

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Its unique high-altitude ecosystem with many endemic and rare species, include the world's smallest butterfly (the

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Saint Catherine is in a region holy to the world's three major Abrahamic religions (monotheistic religions),

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settlements of Abu Seila and Abu Zaituna, including churches, houses on hills overlooking gardens in the

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Water is often found at higher elevations, either in natural springs or in wells made at dykes called

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grows wild in some of the wadis, and they belong to the whole tribe. Wild figs grow in many places.

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Many species of plants and crops grow here because of the moderate climate. Some fruits include the

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is being transported to Saint Catherine via a pipeline, built with the help of the European Union.

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The city is 1,586 metres (5,203 ft) above sea level and is 120 kilometres (75 mi) from

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https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/egypt-saint-catherine-closer-look-most-holy-sites

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The population of Saint Catherine by settlement, according to a survey carried out by

1371:, and hundreds of different plants of medicinal value. The region has been declared a 649:, the Valley of Inscription. They include temples from the 12th Dynasty, dedicated to 2281: 2163: 1808: 1460: 1297: 642: 2585: 2423: 2273: 1921: 1740: 1443: 1439: 730: 2746: 2050: 1964: 1894: 1772: 1411: 756: 630: 615: 544: 2362: 2570: 2565: 1404: 1397: 726: 668: 662: 561: 237: 2277: 2771: 2626: 2605: 2348: 2335: 2285: 1953: 1862: 1176: 646: 407: 394: 2113: 1837:

A bit further afield, at Serabit al-Khadim, are ancient turquoise mines and

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The city of Saint Catherine and other close towns fall within the region of

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Climate data for Saint Catherine (1961–1990 normals, extremes 2007–2022)

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http://protectorate.saintkatherinecenter.org/stk-z-website-frames.htm

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Saint Catherine’s City was established between 527 and 565 CE, when

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Although Abbas is "best remembered for the emancipation of the

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city and an important Christian center, with its own bishop.

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floor, buildings in clusters and hermit cells under rocks.

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World Heritage Area. Some of the species are endangered.

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Saint Katherine (Saint Catherine) – South Sinai, Egypt

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Vethiy Denmi (Icons from Saint Catherine's Monastery)

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http://www.snow-forecast.com/resorts/Jabal-Katherina

2022: 1857:, god of the Eastern Desert. It can be reached from 244:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a 1849:, goddess of love, music, and beauty, and from the 653:, goddess of love, music, and beauty, and from the 87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2310:http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=304700097584 1893:The Chapel of Saint Catherine is on the summit of 2392: 2769: 2080: 2078: 2076: 1739:, of prime historical interest is the palace of 2215:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2190:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1872:, which can be found with the help of a guide. 1446:took the monastery under his protection in his 1999:", while others consider this practice to be " 2378: 2073: 737:is very low. The highest mountain ranges in 307: 2783:Populated places in South Sinai Governorate 723:Köppen-Geiger climate classification system 313: 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2385: 2371: 2211:"Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD" 2266:International Journal of Heritage Studies 1453: 282:Learn how and when to remove this message 264:Learn how and when to remove this message 147:Learn how and when to remove this message 2263: 1963: 1884: 1763:Grandson and successor of the reformist 1638: 667: 2186:"St. Katrine Climate Normals 1961-1990" 694:Modern township and tourist attractions 367: 341:Saint Catherine downtown on a snowy day 2770: 1536:is rare but grown at a few locations. 621:In the 16th century BCE, the Egyptian 555: 225:contains content that is written like 2366: 1982:The Monastery of El Tur was built by 1909:(Sura 2:60). It is also mentioned in 1726: 1478:, who come to work at the monastery. 618:in the province of "Deshret Reithu." 470:2,271 sq mi (5,883 km) 2108: 2106: 1597: 209: 158: 85:adding citations to reliable sources 56: 15: 2056:St. Catherine International Airport 1484:The techniques used are similar to 548: 349:White Catherine, Egypt's White Roof 308: 13: 2234: 2137: 14: 2809: 2293: 2103: 1593: 1438:is believed to have received the 1410:The highest mountain in Egypt is 1360:, which was established in 1988. 755:and other locales in mountainous 31:This article has multiple issues. 2025: 1865:(the "Valley of Inscriptions"). 1602: 1470:The city also hosts a number of 448: 428: 366: 359: 335: 214: 163: 61: 20: 2257: 2235:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 2138:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 1795:There are hundreds of ruins of 682:was constructed at the foot of 72:needs additional citations for 39:or discuss these issues on the 2228: 2203: 2178: 2156: 2131: 1691:Sheikh Awwad & Gharba: 159 1: 2778:Archaeological sites in Egypt 2066: 1969: 1812: 2241:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2144:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2015:, the "Feast of Sacrifice". 1783:and the construction of the 1358:Saint Katherine Protectorate 717: 478:5,203 ft (1,586 m) 7: 2305:http://st-katherine.net/en/ 2018: 1958:The Ladder of Divine Ascent 1733:Saint Catherine's Monastery 1417: 1392:and the wild medicinal and 1035:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 895:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 746:nights and relatively cool 680:Saint Catherine's Monastery 673:Saint Catherine's Monastery 586:Saint Catherine's Monastery 572:) is a town located in the 10: 2814: 1968:The Oasis of Wadi Fairan, 1365:Sinai baton blue butterfly 1343: 775: 725:classifies the climate as 605: 584:. The city is the site of 580:, situated at the foot of 297:Town in South Sinai, Egypt 2619: 2513: 2432: 2401: 2278:10.1080/13527259808722230 1645:St Katherine Protectorate 1611:This section needs to be 1351: 1295: 1248: 1174: 1104: 1034: 964: 894: 824: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 565: 521: 504: • Ethnicities: 503: 495: 487: 482: 474: 466: 461: 441: 423: 388: 354: 346: 334: 325: 314: 302: 2312:'Saint Katherine Photos' 1434:. It is the place where 557:[ˈsæntekætˈɾiːn] 499:2.1/sq mi (0.81/km) 183:help improve the article 96:"Saint Catherine, Egypt" 2349:28.564377°N 33.952430°E 2041:North Sinai Governorate 1915:Johann Ludwig Burkhardt 574:South Sinai Governorate 189:or move the content to 2237:"Saint Catherine Area" 2140:"Saint Catherine Area" 2061:Egyptian Protectorates 1975: 1890: 1667:El Oskof El Hamami: 93 1454:Culture and population 675: 2793:Christianity in Egypt 2164:"Egypt Climate Index" 2090:www.citypopulation.de 1967: 1888: 1639:Demographic breakdown 671: 246:neutral point of view 2354:28.564377; 33.952430 825:Record high °C (°F) 496: • Density 81:improve this article 2470:El Mahalla El Kubra 2345: / 1954:Saint John Klimakos 1448:Letter to the Monks 1249:Average rainy days 1105:Record low °C (°F) 965:Daily mean °C (°F) 600:World Heritage Site 404: / 238:promotional content 2402:1,000,000 and more 1976: 1891: 1765:Muhammad Ali Pasha 1747:and self-declared 1727:Places of interest 1700:Sebaia Elbasra: 61 1697:Sebaia Soweria: 17 1655:Lower Esbaeia: 165 676: 507:Jebeliya Bedouins 488: • Total 467: • Total 347:Nickname(s): 240:and inappropriate 187:encyclopedic style 185:by introducing an 174:is written like a 2765: 2764: 2114:"Saint Katherine" 1984:Emperor Justinian 1841:temples from the 1715:Beiar Et Tor: 178 1712:Sheikh Mohsen: 22 1661:Upper Esbaeia: 71 1658:Esbaeia Safha: 22 1632: 1631: 1461:Arabian Peninsula 1348: 1347: 1298:relative humidity 688:Emperor Justinian 661:, the god of the 643:Serabit el-Khadim 538: 537: 408:28.550°N 33.933°E 380:Location in Egypt 292: 291: 284: 274: 273: 266: 208: 207: 157: 156: 149: 131: 54: 2805: 2798:Judaism in Egypt 2586:New Borg El Arab 2424:Shubra El Kheima 2387: 2380: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2289: 2272:(3–4): 124–134. 2251: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2166:. Climate Charts 2160: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2150: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2110: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2082: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2028: 1974: 1971: 1815:300 BC–AD 100). 1814: 1694:Sebaia Safha: 78 1673:El Kharrazin: 43 1627: 1624: 1618: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1444:Prophet Mohammed 1440:Ten Commandments 1252: 773: 772: 686:by the order of 567: 559: 554: 550: 454: 452: 451: 434: 432: 431: 419: 418: 416: 415: 414: 409: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 370: 369: 363: 339: 317: 316: 311: 310: 300: 299: 287: 280: 269: 262: 258: 255: 249: 227:an advertisement 218: 217: 210: 203: 200: 194: 167: 166: 159: 152: 145: 141: 138: 132: 130: 89: 65: 57: 46: 24: 23: 16: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2747:Sharm El Sheikh 2737:Saint Catherine 2615: 2514:100,000–299,999 2509: 2433:300,000–999,999 2428: 2397: 2394:Egyptian cities 2391: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2296: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2245: 2243: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2146: 2136: 2132: 2123: 2121: 2112: 2111: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2084: 2083: 2074: 2069: 2051:Sharm El Sheikh 2031: 2026: 2024: 2021: 1972: 1935:Saint Onuphrius 1895:Mount Catherine 1773:Mount Catherine 1731:In addition to 1729: 1724: 1721:Upper Nasab: 84 1718:Lower Nasab: 30 1685:Ez Zaytonah: 34 1652:Abo Seilah: 247 1641: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1456: 1420: 1412:Mount Catherine 1405:catchment areas 1400:support ended. 1394:aromatic plants 1354: 1349: 1250: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 720: 696: 616:Egyptian Empire 610:During Egypt’s 608: 568:; also spelled 566:Αγία Αικατερίνη 552: 541:Saint Catherine 449: 447: 429: 427: 412: 410: 406: 403: 398: 395: 393: 391: 390: 384: 383: 382: 381: 378: 377: 376: 375: 374:Saint Catherine 371: 350: 342: 330: 321: 318: 315:Αγία Αικατερίνη 312: 305: 304:Saint Catherine 298: 295: 288: 277: 276: 275: 270: 259: 253: 250: 231: 219: 215: 204: 198: 195: 180: 168: 164: 153: 142: 136: 133: 90: 88: 78: 66: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2811: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2788:Islam in Egypt 2785: 2780: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2571:Kafr El Sheikh 2568: 2566:Kafr El Dawwar 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2521:6th of October 2517: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2302: 2295: 2294:External links 2292: 2291: 2290: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2227: 2202: 2177: 2155: 2130: 2102: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2020: 2017: 1952:The Chapel of 1937:. Coming from 1728: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1637: 1630: 1629: 1610: 1608: 1601: 1595: 1594:Planned growth 1592: 1583:in the 1980s. 1548:and medicinal 1455: 1452: 1419: 1416: 1398:European Union 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 962: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 822: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 778: 777: 771: 719: 716: 695: 692: 663:Eastern Desert 607: 604: 536: 535: 525: 519: 518: 505: 501: 500: 497: 493: 492: 489: 485: 484: 480: 479: 476: 472: 471: 468: 464: 463: 459: 458: 445: 439: 438: 425: 421: 420: 413:28.550; 33.933 386: 385: 379: 373: 372: 365: 364: 358: 357: 356: 355: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 340: 332: 331: 326: 323: 322: 319: 306: 303: 296: 293: 290: 289: 272: 271: 242:external links 222: 220: 213: 206: 205: 171: 169: 162: 155: 154: 69: 67: 60: 55: 29: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2810: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2606:Shibin El Kom 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396:by population 2395: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2261: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2165: 2159: 2145: 2141: 2134: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2072: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2023: 2016: 2014: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1863:Wadi Mukattab 1860: 1856: 1853:dedicated to 1852: 1848: 1845:dedicated to 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1809:Nabataean era 1805: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1771:Mount Sinai, 1768: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1688:Es Sedoud: 12 1687: 1684: 1682:Er Ramthi: 25 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1636: 1626: 1614: 1609: 1600: 1599: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1367:), flocks of 1366: 1361: 1359: 1344:Source: NOAA 1342: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1247: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1178: 1177:precipitation 1173: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 963: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 893: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 823: 779: 774: 770: 768: 763: 760: 758: 754: 749: 745: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 715: 713: 709: 705: 699: 691: 689: 685: 681: 674: 670: 666: 664: 660: 657:dedicated to 656: 652: 648: 647:Wadi Mukattab 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 617: 613: 612:Pharaonic Era 603: 601: 598: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:Saint Katrine 563: 558: 546: 542: 533: 529: 526: 524: 520: 517: 513: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 457: 446: 444: 440: 437: 426: 422: 417: 389:Coordinates: 387: 362: 353: 345: 338: 333: 329: 324: 301: 294:City in Sinai 286: 283: 268: 265: 257: 247: 243: 239: 235: 229: 228: 223:This article 221: 212: 211: 202: 192: 188: 184: 178: 177: 172:This article 170: 161: 160: 151: 148: 140: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: 101: 98: – 97: 93: 92:Find sources: 86: 82: 76: 75: 70:This article 68: 64: 59: 58: 53: 51: 44: 43: 38: 37: 32: 27: 18: 17: 2736: 2712:New Nubariya 2702:Marsa Matruh 2330: 2269: 2265: 2258:Bibliography 2244:. Retrieved 2240: 2230: 2218:. Retrieved 2205: 2193:. Retrieved 2180: 2168:. Retrieved 2158: 2147:. Retrieved 2143: 2133: 2122:. Retrieved 2120:. 2014-12-29 2117: 2093:. Retrieved 2089: 2033:Egypt portal 2007: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1981: 1977: 1951: 1943: 1919: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1881: 1874: 1867: 1843:12th Dynasty 1836: 1832: 1828: 1821: 1817: 1806: 1794: 1778: 1769: 1762: 1730: 1676:Er Raha: 166 1670:Mekhlafa: 59 1642: 1633: 1620: 1612: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1554: 1552:are common. 1499: 1494: 1490: 1483: 1480: 1469: 1457: 1424:Christianity 1421: 1409: 1402: 1387: 1383:rock hyraxes 1379:Sinai agamas 1377: 1362: 1355: 1179:mm (inches) 764: 761: 721: 700: 697: 677: 620: 609: 590: 569: 540: 539: 278: 260: 251: 236:by removing 232:Please help 224: 196: 176:travel guide 173: 143: 134: 124: 117: 110: 103: 91: 79:Please help 74:verification 71: 47: 40: 34: 33:Please help 30: 2707:Nag Hammadi 2352: / 2220:January 26, 2195:January 26, 2013:Eid al-Adha 1973: 1830 1939:Upper Egypt 1877:Blue Desert 1859:Wadi Feiran 1851:New Kingdom 1737:Mount Sinai 1703:Noumana: 49 1664:Arbeien: 47 1390:Nubian ibex 1369:Nubian ibex 684:Mount Sinai 655:New Kingdom 627:way of Shur 582:Mount Sinai 549:سانت كاترين 456:South Sinai 443:Governorate 411: / 320:St. Katrine 309:سانت كاترين 2772:Categories 2697:Marsa Alam 2682:Hamrah Dom 2662:El Alamein 2632:Ain Sokhna 2620:<99,999 2409:Alexandria 2340:33°57′09″E 2337:28°33′52″N 2246:2024-01-11 2149:2023-08-03 2124:2022-03-31 2067:References 1911:the Exodus 1822:Byzantine 1789:Alexandria 1706:Solaf: 157 1623:April 2017 1251:(≥ 1.0 mm) 733:, and its 637:and on to 625:built the 553:pronounced 483:Population 254:April 2017 234:improve it 199:April 2017 191:Wikivoyage 137:March 2012 107:newspapers 36:improve it 2677:Port Fuad 2591:New Cairo 2541:Beni Suef 2490:Port Said 2286:1352-7258 1924:(central 1839:pharaonic 1797:Byzantine 1781:fellaheen 1709:Sahab: 83 1679:Rahba: 52 1647:in 1998: 1522:pistachio 1486:Byzantine 718:Geography 639:Jerusalem 635:Beersheba 523:Time zone 509:Egyptians 475:Elevation 42:talk page 2667:El Gouna 2657:Dekernes 2561:Hurghada 2546:Damanhur 2480:Mansoura 2475:Kom Ombo 2465:Ismailia 2450:Damietta 2170:7 August 2095:17 March 2019:See also 1578:Ancient 1565:Khartoum 1538:Mulberry 1476:Russians 1418:Religion 1296:Average 1175:Average 890:(107.6) 870:(104.0) 865:(107.6) 860:(104.0) 855:(102.4) 850:(100.4) 735:humidity 708:El Milga 704:Bedouins 623:pharaohs 516:Russians 2722:Rosetta 2717:Nuweiba 2687:Hala'ib 2652:Dendera 2576:Mallawi 2505:Zagazig 2445:Bilbeis 1947:cypress 1922:Sebaste 1824:Nawamis 1749:Khedive 1741:Abbas I 1613:updated 1580:leopard 1546:Flowers 1510:apricot 1432:Judaism 1170:(21.2) 1165:(28.4) 1160:(33.8) 1155:(41.0) 1150:(51.8) 1145:(59.0) 1140:(53.6) 1135:(55.4) 1130:(46.4) 1125:(35.6) 1120:(32.0) 1115:(21.2) 1110:(24.8) 1100:(50.7) 1095:(38.7) 1090:(45.3) 1085:(53.6) 1080:(60.6) 1075:(63.7) 1070:(63.9) 1065:(61.2) 1060:(57.4) 1055:(50.2) 1050:(42.3) 1045:(36.3) 1040:(35.1) 1030:(65.6) 1025:(52.0) 1020:(58.5) 1015:(67.6) 1010:(76.5) 1005:(78.8) 1000:(79.7) 995:(77.7) 990:(73.6) 985:(66.2) 980:(57.6) 975:(50.4) 970:(49.1) 960:(74.8) 955:(60.3) 950:(67.8) 945:(78.3) 940:(86.9) 935:(89.6) 930:(89.6) 925:(87.6) 920:(82.2) 915:(75.4) 910:(65.3) 905:(58.3) 900:(56.8) 885:(78.8) 880:(84.2) 875:(96.8) 845:(98.6) 840:(89.6) 835:(86.0) 830:(82.4) 712:Shamiya 629:across 606:History 593:Nuweiba 424:Country 399:33°56′E 396:28°33′N 181:Please 121:scholar 2757:Talkha 2732:Safaga 2692:Kharga 2647:Dakhla 2637:Akhmim 2627:Abydos 2551:Desouk 2460:Imbaba 2455:Faiyum 2284: 2046:Nekhel 2008:mak'ad 1926:Turkey 1847:Hathor 1743:, the 1542:Olives 1534:Walnut 1491:Bustan 1472:Greeks 1430:, and 1373:UNESCO 1352:Nature 1244:(0.9) 1239:(0.2) 1234:(0.1) 1229:(0.0) 1199:(0.2) 1194:(0.2) 1189:(0.1) 1184:(0.1) 781:Month 753:Nekhel 748:winter 744:summer 727:desert 651:Hathor 597:UNESCO 545:Arabic 512:Greeks 453: 433: 123: 116: 109: 102: 94: 2727:Sadat 2642:Dahab 2611:Sohag 2596:Obour 2581:Minya 2536:Benha 2531:Aswan 2526:Arish 2500:Tanta 2485:Luxor 2440:Asyut 2414:Cairo 2001:bidaa 1997:Zuara 1930:Roman 1907:Quran 1870:Dahab 1855:Sopdu 1785:Cairo 1757:Sudan 1753:Egypt 1561:birka 1557:Jidda 1550:herbs 1530:grape 1514:peach 1502:apple 1465:wadis 1436:Moses 1428:Islam 1339:27.7 820:Year 757:Sinai 739:Egypt 731:Egypt 659:Sopdu 631:Sinai 578:Egypt 562:Greek 528:UTC+2 491:4,792 436:Egypt 128:JSTOR 114:books 2752:Taba 2742:Siwa 2672:Esna 2601:Qena 2556:Edfu 2495:Suez 2419:Giza 2282:ISSN 2222:2023 2197:2023 2172:2013 2097:2023 1875:The 1861:via 1802:wadi 1755:and 1745:Wali 1735:and 1528:and 1526:date 1506:pear 1495:karm 1474:and 1300:(%) 1291:0.4 1288:0.1 1261:0.1 1258:0.1 1255:0.1 1224:(0) 1219:(0) 1214:(0) 1209:(0) 1204:(0) 1168:−6.0 1163:−2.0 1148:11.0 1143:15.0 1138:12.0 1133:13.0 1113:−6.0 1108:−4.0 1098:10.4 1083:12.0 1078:15.9 1073:17.6 1068:17.7 1063:16.2 1058:14.1 1053:10.1 1028:18.7 1023:11.1 1018:14.7 1013:19.8 1008:24.7 1003:26.0 998:26.5 993:25.4 988:23.1 983:19.0 978:14.2 973:10.2 958:23.8 953:15.7 948:19.9 943:25.7 938:30.5 933:32.0 928:32.0 923:30.9 918:27.9 913:24.1 908:18.5 903:14.6 898:13.8 888:42.0 883:26.0 878:29.0 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