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119:, the Sac and Meskwaki people relinquished their claim on ownership of lands east of the Mississippi and generally relocated to Iowa. In 1829, the federal government informed the two tribes that they must leave their villages in western Illinois and move across the Mississippi River into the Iowa region. The federal government claimed ownership of the Illinois land as a result of
456:
By 1845 nearly all had left Iowa. Similarly, other Native
American groups gave up their Iowa land via treaties with the United States. Western Iowa was ceded by a group of tribes including the Missouri, Omaha, and Oto in 1830. The Ioway ceded the last of their Iowa lands in 1838. The Winnebago and
194:
The treaty designated a line which the Native
Americans would live to the west of during a transition phase while a permanent relocation site was selected in Kansas. The north–south line was delineated primarily by "painted or red rocks on the White Breast," river, near where it flows into the
457:
Potawatomi, who had only a short time before been removed to Iowa, were yet again removed and had left Iowa by 1848 and 1846, respectively. The last remaining group, the Sioux, ceded their last Iowa land via an 1851 treaty with the United States, which they completed in 1852.
651:
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In exchange for the concession of lands, the US government agreed to make an annual payment of $ 16,000 ("five percent of $ 800,000") and settle some outstanding debts of the Native
American people worth $ 258,566.
138:. For the next three months, the Illinois militia pursued Black Hawk and his band of approximately four hundred Indians northward along the eastern side of the Mississippi River. The Indians surrendered at the
181:
The treaty generally stipulated that the Sauk and
Meskwaki people exchange land in Iowa for financial consideration from the US government. The Sauk and Meskwaki people agreed to relocate to what is now
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was established in the area ceded under this treaty. Following the end of the transition period in 1846, US settlers were allowed to claim lands in the former Native
American territory, like
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The city of Red Rock, Iowa was created just to the west of the line. The city and several of the landmarks denoting the line were, at least partially, submerged in 1962 by the creation of
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The treaty also provided funds for
General Street's widow, Eliza M. Street, the land and buildings of the (now unneeded) Indian Agency office.
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in 3 years time. The Native
American people agreed to move west of the "Red Rock line," prior to May 1843 and exit Iowa completely by 1845.
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Following the removal of the Native
Americans to Kansas, Iowa was admitted into the Union as a state in 1846. The new state capital of
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and various interpreters and military staff. The treaty was ratified by the US Senate on
February 15, 1843 and signed by President
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in
Northeastern Iowa. In 1837, there were additional cessions by the Sauk and Meskwaki, called the "Second Black Hawk Purchase".
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300:, on behalf of the Meskwaki people. Other members of the governing structure and prominent military leaders also signed.
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157:, was a strip fifty miles wide lying along the Mississippi River, stretching from the Missouri border to approximately
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The signing of the treaty occurred at the "Indian agency for the Sak and Fox," located in what is now the town of
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in Wisconsin, their numbers having dwindled to about two hundred. This encounter is known as the
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The area ceded by the tribes covers much of central and southern Iowa, numbered 262 on the map.
545:"Assessment of the Old Red Rock Indian Line Sycamore Tree, Lake Red Rock, Marion County, Iowa"
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History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Volume 3
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leader, protested the move and in 1832 returned to reclaim the Illinois village of
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As punishment for their resistance, the federal government required the Sauk and
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210:. The treaty stipulated that border would be patrolled by the US military.
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to relinquish some of their land in eastern Iowa. This land, known as the
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Edgar R. Harlan, A Narrative History of the People of Iowa 69-70 (1931)
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599:"Tracing the treaties: How they affected American Indians and Iowa"
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Cyrenus Cole, A History of the People of Iowa 141, 176-77 (1921)
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199:. The line was more fully delineated and marked in due time.
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was enhanced with a tombstone matching that of United States
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The sole signatory on behalf of the United States was the
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tribes, referred to as the Sac and Fox in the treaty. The
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History of Iowa § Early Historic Native Americans
241:, who he was buried next to by the Indian Agency.
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126:The move was made, but not without violence.
672:University of Iowa institutional repository
276:. The treaty was witnessed by Indian agent
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705:United States and Native American treaties
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677:Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs
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557:from the original on April 27, 2019
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16:Native American–US cession treaty
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720:Native American history of Iowa
292:The principal signatories were
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206:with the construction of
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516:"Indian Removal in Iowa"
214:Financial considerations
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73:is a treaty between the
71:The New Purchase of 1842
543:Leah D. Rogers (1992).
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715:1842 in Iowa Territory
601:. Iowa History Journal
468:and did so anxiously.
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130:, a highly respected
89:tribes ceded land in
466:Mahaska County, Iowa
399:Ma che na ka me quat
223:Other considerations
691:includes some maps.
284:on March 23, 1843.
155:Black Hawk Purchase
123:'s Treaty of 1804.
117:Treaty of St. Louis
21:
20:New Purchase (1842)
441:Wah ke mo wa ta pa
179:
19:
683:Secondary sources
405:Kish Ua naqua hok
97:and north of the
95:Mississippi River
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689:Access Genealogy
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347:Wish e CO ma que
288:Native Americans
239:Joseph M. Street
197:Des Moines River
163:Clayton Counties
28:October 11, 1842
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365:Na cote e we na
341:As ke po ka won
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229:Chief Wapello
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603:. Retrieved
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523:. Retrieved
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444:Muk qua gese
438:Cha ko kow a
426:Qua CO ho se
411:Ma ne ni sit
362:Ka kon we na
350:Pash e pa ho
324:Pa mekow art
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254:Agency, Iowa
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233:Indian agent
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208:Red Rock Dam
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115:In the 1804
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93:west of the
70:
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37:Agency, Iowa
710:Sac and Fox
432:Kis ke kosh
423:Puck aw koa
420:Pe Shaw koa
402:Ka ka ke mo
390:An au e wit
384:Pow a shick
353:Ka pe ko ma
321:Ka pon e ka
318:Che kaw que
312:Keokuk, jr.
248:Signatories
699:Categories
484:References
447:Ko ko etch
414:Mai con ne
396:Ma wha why
282:John Tyler
278:John Beach
128:Black Hawk
121:Quashquame
105:Background
605:March 28,
582:March 28,
561:March 28,
525:March 28,
462:Iowa City
452:Aftermath
368:Sho wa ke
359:Wis CO sa
338:Wis ko pe
335:Wa sa men
328:Appanoose
315:Wa ca cha
298:Poweshiek
552:Archived
520:Iowa PBS
472:See also
393:Ka ka ke
379:Meskwaki
374:Muk e ne
356:Tuk quos
266:Governor
151:Meskwaki
136:Saukenuk
101:border.
99:Missouri
83:Meskwaki
77:and the
60:Meskwaki
33:Location
344:I o nah
268:of the
236:General
159:Fayette
43:Parties
309:Keokuk
294:Keokuk
184:Kansas
25:Signed
555:(PDF)
548:(PDF)
332:Wa pe
169:Terms
607:2020
584:2020
563:2020
527:2020
304:Sauk
161:and
132:Sauk
91:Iowa
81:and
79:Sauk
55:Sauk
701::
629:^
615:^
550:.
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492:^
272:,
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146:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
