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and that that notion was reflected in
Richmond's work. He quoted a 1994 paper in which Richmond described STELLA as "quite unique, quite powerful, and quite broadly useful as a way of thinking and or learning. It's also capable of being quite transparent–leveraging the way we learn biology, manage our businesses, or run our personal lives".
208:
in 1985. The program, distributed by isee systems (formerly High
Performance Systems) allows users to run models created as graphical representations of a system using four fundamental building blocks. STELLA has been used in academia as a teaching tool and has been utilized in a variety of research
432:
wrote that "STELLA is a solid program–well planned and executed–that breaks new ground." He praised its ease of use as beneficial both to beginners interested in learning how to build models and experts who could use it to test components of more complex models. A 1998 review of the program in the
256:
Within that paper, Richmond mused on the study of system dynamics: "If this stuff really is so great, then why hasn't the field 'taken off'?" Steve
Peterson, a colleague of Richmond's, reflected after his death in 2002 that Richmond held the belief that modeling was a tool everyone should be using
413:
isee systems markets an identical software targeted at business consumers under the name iThink (previously STELLA for
Business). iThink models have been applied to a variety of systems including manufacturing lines, hospital waste in developing nations, coordination between an emergency room and
284:
in which they may create graphical models of a system using four fundamentals: stocks, flows, converters, and connectors. Relationships between converters (which convey transforming variables) and other elements may be drawn with converters. Users are able to input values for stocks, flows, and
355:
In 1987, High
Performance Systems released a guide to STELLA encouraging its use in academic settings and numerous textbooks have been published that teach modeling and systems thinking using the software. Sample exercises with STELLA include recreating the
351:
Because of its simplicity relative to more complex modeling languages, STELLA has been cited as a useful tool in educational settings. Richmond derisively viewed most education as "assimilating content" and proposed systems thinking as a remedy to this.
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found that the addition of a STELLA modeling component in the project improved overall comprehension of the material over traditional methods, especially among female students who outperformed their male counterparts with the addition of STELLA.
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converters (including a variety of built-in functions). STELLA does not differentiate between external and intermediate variables within a system; all of them are represented with converters.
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noted that the software's strength was in its low cost (the program retailed at around $ 450 (US$ 1,007 in 2023 dollars ) and the vast number of possibilities allowed by its open-ended form.
24:
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concurred that the program was easy to use, especially for beginning modelers, but noted its lack of model optimization tools and the ability to run only one window at a time as drawbacks.
269:
A simple STELLA model of a cat population; stocks are represented as rectangles, flows as pipes to/from the stock, converters as the circles, and connectors as the curved lines with arrows.
280:. DYNAMO explicitly defined "stocks" (reservoirs) and "flows" (inputs and outputs) as key variables in a system, a vocabulary that STELLA shares. Within STELLA, users are presented with a
1172:
1308:
Ouyang, Y.; Zhang, J. E.; Lin, D.; Liu, G. D. (March 2010). "A STELLA model for the estimation of atrazine runoff, leaching, adsorption, and degradation from an agricultural land".
1358:
Gertseva, V. V.; Schindler, J. E.; Gertsev, V. I.; Ponomarev, N. Y.; English, W. R. (August 2004). "A simulation model of the dynamics of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities".
304:(either second or fourth order). Before running a model, users may also specify a time step and runtime for the simulation. STELLA can output data in graphical or tabular forms.
326:. STELLA also uses the emerging XML-based standard for storing models, XMILE. In 2012, two researchers released StellaR, software which can translate STELLA models into the
245:, he developed STELLA (short for Structural Thinking, Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation) at his company. He presented the prototype for the
1534:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
307:
STELLA runs one window at a time, meaning that only one model can be run at any given moment. The program's native file formats are denoted either by an
1240:
Eskrootchi, R.; Oskrochi, G. R. (January 2010). "A Study of the
Efficacy of Project-based Learning Integrated with Computer-based Simulation – STELLA".
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and business applications. The program has received positive reviews, being praised in particular for its ease of use and low cost.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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but cautioned that "the manual need not detract from what is otherwise a very well-thought-out and constructed program."
609:
Carter, J. (October 1998). "Two Visual
Programming Languages for Simulation Modeling: Stella 5.0 and Modelmaker 3.0".
858:. The 3rd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. Keystone, CO. pp. 706–718. Archived from
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in 1997, Benedikt HallgrĂmsson found the program's accompanying manual to be overzealous in its promotion of
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The software is also used in research settings. Among other projects, researchers have used STELLA to apply
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253:'s annual conference in a paper entitled "STELLA: Software for Bringing System Dynamics to the Other 98%".
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Tao, Z.; Li, M. (June 2007). "What is the limit of
Chinese coal supplies—A STELLA model of Hubbert Peak".
246:
197:
91:
36:
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dynamics within agricultural lands, and to simulate the interactions between marine macroinvertebrates.
859:
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Samzelius, J. E.; Miller, S. E. (1991). "ithink: Animated Strategic Models on Your Desktop Computer".
1701:
903:. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1996. Beijing. pp. 1253–1258.
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1406:"System dynamics model for hospital waste characterization and generation in developing countries"
957:. 22nd SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. San Antonio, TX. pp. 87–91.
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1072:"Forest biomass energy: assessing atmospheric carbon impacts by discounting future carbon flows"
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STELLA's approach to modeling systems shares some similarities with a precursor, the
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1031:"StellaR: A software to translate Stella models into R open-source environment"
796:. 21st System Dynamics Conference. New York City. pp. 1–14. Archived from
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Doerr, H. M. (1996). "Stella ten years later: A review of the literature".
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10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199707/08)2:6<38::AID-CPLX8>3.0.CO;2-D
1475:. Southeast Decision Sciences Institute Annual Conference. Charlestown, SC
962:
899:
de Souza, R.; Huynh, R.; Chandrashekar, M.; Thevenard, D. (October 1996).
754:(Press release). Lebanon, NH: isee systems. March 4, 2004. Archived from
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equations that describe the graphical model and allows users to select a
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founded High Performance Systems in 1984. With the financial support of
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Using Systems Dynamics to Improve Coordination Between Hospital Units
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High Performance Systems changed its name to isee systems in 2004.
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Systems Thinking, Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation
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Simulation and modelling with Stella: a general education course
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A STELLA model from a paper on carbon impacts in forest biomass
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STELLA: Software for Bringing System Dynamics to the Other 98%
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122:
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International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning
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Spillan, John E.; Ziemnowicz, Christopher (February 2009).
1404:
Eleyan, D.; Al-Khatib, I. A.; Garfield, J. (October 2013).
1070:
Timmons, D. S.; Buchholz, T.; Veeneman, C. H. (May 2016).
901:
A comparison of modelling paradigms for manufacturing line
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hospital beds, and competition in the home video market.
1104:
1403:
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364:, and modeling the protagonist's motivation throughout
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which he argued could only be understood using models.
1008:"XMILE – An open standard for system dynamics models"
988:
934:
749:"High Performance Systems, Inc. becomes isee systems"
1173:"Unit 2 Reading: Growth and Dynamics of Populations"
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550:"Simulation Modeling on the Macintosh Using STELLA"
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790:Barry Richmond, System Dynamics and Public Policy
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1639:Richmond, B.; Peterson, S.; Vescuso, P. (1987).
64:isee systems (formerly High Performance Systems)
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1242:Journal of Educational Technology & Society
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611:Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
436:Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
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1652:An Introduction to Systems Thinking, STELLA
1028:
1202:Hopkins, P. L. (Winter 1992). "Simulating
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296:method to apply to the system, either the
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1029:Naimi, B.; Voinov, A. (December 2012).
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1038:Environmental Modelling & Software
994:
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514:from the original on January 13, 2021.
469:Comparison of system dynamics software
1643:. Lyme, NH: High Performance Systems.
1568:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
1494:HallgrĂmsson, B. (July–August 1997).
1273:
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946:
702:
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219:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
743:
741:
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422:In a 1987 review of the program in
385:-modeling project undertaken by 72
13:
1641:An Academic User's Guide to STELLA
1624:. New York City: Springer-Verlag.
1179:. Carleton College. Archived from
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97:2.0.3 / November 25, 2020
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1171:Menking, K. (January 7, 2016).
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1310:Journal of Soils and Sediments
548:Costanza, R. (February 1987).
518:
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362:Easter Island population crash
1:
1656:. Lebanon, NH: isee systems.
1620:Hannon, B.; Ruth, M. (1997).
1597:. Wellesley, MA: A K Peters.
1050:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.05.012
494:
1697:Visual programming languages
1562:American Antiquarian Society
1542:American Antiquarian Society
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338:
7:
1288:10.1016/j.enpol.2006.11.011
953:Taffe, W. J. (March 1991).
462:
455:A 1991 review of iThink in
247:visual programming language
241:and technical support from
198:visual programming language
74:; 39 years ago
10:
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787:Peterson, S. (July 2003).
261:Functionality and features
233:systems science professor
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1603:10.1007/978-3-663-10822-1
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1622:Modeling Dynamic Systems
1586:
1496:"Simulation Made Simple"
1433:10.1177/0734242X13490981
474:
282:graphical user interface
151:.stm, .stmx, .itm, .itmx
1595:Modeling and Simulation
251:System Dynamics Society
204:modeling introduced by
1392:Hannon & Ruth 1997
1254:jeductechsoci.13.1.236
1220:10.1002/sdr.4260080109
1208:System Dynamics Review
1159:Hannon & Ruth 1997
1135:Hannon & Ruth 1997
983:Hannon & Ruth 1997
929:Hannon & Ruth 1997
379:project-based learning
360:model, simulating the
348:
330:programming language.
288:The software produces
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1648:Richmond, B. (2013).
963:10.1145/107005.107021
849:Richmond, B. (1985).
394:Academia and commerce
346:
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217:While working at the
99:; 3 years ago
1360:Ecological Modelling
1123:Richmond et al. 1987
1010:. isee systems. 2013
884:Richmond et al. 1987
837:Richmond et al. 1987
239:Analog Devices, Inc.
223:Jay Wright Forrester
1593:Bossel, H. (1994).
1425:2013WMR....31..986E
1322:2010JSoSe..10..263O
1206:in the classroom".
1125:, pp. 245–246.
1088:2016GCBBi...8..631T
761:on October 22, 2006
404:Chinese coal supply
400:Hubbert peak theory
366:William Shakespeare
302:Runge–Kutta methods
278:simulation language
192:; also marketed as
147:Filename extensions
69:First appeared
41:simulation language
18:
1097:10.1111/gcbb.12276
717:10.1007/BF00571080
349:
324:filename extension
294:numerical analysis
271:
37:Visual programming
16:
1663:978-0-9704921-1-1
1631:978-0-387-94850-8
1612:978-1-56881-033-1
886:, pp. 85–97.
508:"Feature updates"
290:finite difference
231:Dartmouth College
183:
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1680:Official website
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526:"Software FAQs"
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1500:Complexity
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495:References
445:Complexity
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