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weights that resulted from the principal component analysis used. If you have perfect physical and mental health, your scores are on a 50 mean / 10 standard deviation scale: 56.5 for physical health and 62.5 for mental health if you use the
Australian population numbers in the ALSWH document. If you have perfect physical but the worst mental health your physical health score is 61.6 and for the opposite your mental health score is 66.2.
72:
i.e., a score of zero is equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability. To calculate the scores it is necessary to purchase special software for the commercial version, but no special software is needed for the RAND-36 version. Pricing depends on the number of scores that the researcher needs to calculate.
71:
The SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability
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and to provide standardised combined scores (mean 50, standard deviation 10) for several populations (Australian women, combined or in three different age groups, also the general
Australian and US population - for example younger people have better physical score averages) are on the website of the
112:
An interesting point of the document is that physical health scores are counted negatively when calculating combined mental health scores and vice versa. In other words, to score highly on mental health it is better to have worse physical health and vice versa. This is the result of the negative
62:
The SF-36 and RAND-36 include the same set of items that were developed in the
Medical Outcomes Study. Scoring of the general health and pain scales is different between the versions. The differences in scoring are summarized by Hays, Sherbourne, and Mazel.
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54:, which contains 12 items rather than 36. If having only adequate physical and mental health summary scores is of interest, "then the SF12 may be the instrument of choice".
46:. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of SF-36 while the original SF-36 is available in public domain license free from
22:
is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient health. The SF-36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the SF-6D, is commonly used in
39:
453:"Heart Attacks, Bloody Noses, and Other "Emotional Problems": Cultural and Conceptual Issues With the Spanish Translation of Self-Report Emotional Health Items"
414:"A challenge to the cross-cultural validity of the SF-36 health survey: factor structure in Mฤori, Pacific and New Zealand European ethnic groups"
532:
Comparing the incomparable? A systematic review of competing techniques for converting descriptive measures of health status into QALY-weights
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556:
515:
205:
271:
Hays, Ron D.; Sherbourne, Cathy Donald; Mazel, Rebecca M. (October 1993). "The rand 36-item health survey 1.0".
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Jenkinson, C.; Layte, R.; Jenkinson, D.; Lawrence, K.; Petersen, S.; Paice, C.; Stradling, J. (1 June 1997).
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232:"A shorter form health survey: can the SF-12 replicate results from the SF-36 in longitudinal studies?"
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Concerns around cross-cultural validity and conceptual equivalence of items have been raised.
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Flynn, Michael A.; Eggerth, Donald E.; Jacobson, C. Jeffery; Lyon, Sarah M. (2021).
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Scott, Kate M; Sarfati, Diana; Tobias, Martin I; Haslett, Stephen J (2000-12-01).
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Australian
Longitudinal Study of Women's Health. SAS code is provided as well.
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research to examine the burden of disease. The original SF-36 stemmed from the
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348:
331:
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The survey has a low response rate in the >65 population though not always.
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373:"Using the SF-36 with older adults: a cross-sectional community-based survey"
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https://alswh.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DDSSection2.3SF36.pdf
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https://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_core_36item.html
332:"Limitations of the SF-36 in a sample of nursing home residents"
537:
SF-36: A community for measuring health outcomes using SF tools
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57:
206:"The SF Community - the SF-12ยฎ: An Even Shorter Health Survey"
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of a health treatment. The SF-36 is also commonly utilized in
51:
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The survey does not take into consideration a sleep variable
526:
Pearson, L. "Medical
Outcome Short Form (36) Health Survey"
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411:
536:
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Instructions for converting the individual scores into
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Walters, S. J.; Munro, JF; Brazier, JE (1 July 2001).
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Testa, Marcia A.; Simonson, Donald C. (1996-03-28).
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521:Medical Outcomes Study: 36-Item Short Form Survey
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164:
122:Evaluating individual patients health status
58:Difference between the SF-36 and the RAND-36
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388:
347:
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167:"Assessment of Quality-of-Life Outcomes"
132:Monitoring and comparing disease burden
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249:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024606
100:mental health or emotional wellbeing
13:
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42:, MOS, which was conducted by the
14:
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557:Patient reported outcome measures
20:The Short Form (36) Health Survey
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330:Andresen, E. (1 October 1999).
171:New England Journal of Medicine
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1:
457:Family & Community Health
430:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00083-6
418:Social Science & Medicine
30:calculation to determine the
469:10.1097/FCH.0000000000000279
7:
183:10.1056/NEJM199603283341306
50:. A shorter version is the
10:
573:
94:emotional role functioning
88:general health perceptions
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28:quality-adjusted life year
91:physical role functioning
236:Journal of Public Health
152:
75:The eight sections are:
16:Survey of patient health
390:10.1093/ageing/30.4.337
349:10.1093/ageing/28.6.562
317:SF 36 detailed scoring
116:
97:social role functioning
285:10.1002/hec.4730020305
40:Medical Outcome Study
26:as a variable in the
528:Updated August 2005.
82:physical functioning
127:cost-effectiveness
32:cost-effectiveness
424:(11): 1655โ1664.
36:health psychology
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273:Health Economics
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208:. Archived from
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125:Researching the
44:RAND Corporation
24:health economics
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552:Quality of life
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511:automated RF-36
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505:Further reading
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377:Age and Ageing
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342:(6): 562โ566.
336:Age and Ageing
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214:. Retrieved
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137:Limitations
85:bodily pain
546:Categories
516:Rand SF-36
463:(1): 1โ9.
216:2015-11-28
477:1550-5057
438:0277-9536
191:0028-4793
495:32842005
399:11509313
358:10604509
106:z-scores
79:vitality
486:7869970
293:8275167
258:9243433
67:Scoring
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305:SF 36
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203:SF 12
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153:Notes
52:SF-12
491:PMID
473:ISSN
434:ISSN
395:PMID
354:PMID
289:PMID
254:PMID
187:ISSN
117:Uses
48:RAND
481:PMC
465:doi
426:doi
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