260:
237:
3019:
159:
134:
3034:
266:
165:
4026:
42:
1132:
1263:(HIF), which also builds up in cells. Excess HIF stimulates cells to divide and triggers the production of blood vessels when they are not needed. Rapid and uncontrolled cell division, along with the formation of new blood vessels, can lead to the development of tumors in people with hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma.
1250:
that deletes the normal copy of the SDHC gene is needed to cause hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma type 3. Most of the inherited SDHC gene mutations change single amino acids in the SDHC protein sequence or result in a shortened protein. As a result, there is little or no SDH enzyme activity.
1221:
interactions with Tyr83 of SDHD. The presence of electrons in the iron sulphur cluster induces the movement of ubiquinone into a second orientation. This facilitates a second hydrogen bond interaction between the O4 carbonyl group of ubiquinone and Ser27 of SDHC. Following the first single electron
2747:
Mannelli M, Castellano M, Schiavi F, Filetti S, Giacchè M, Mori L, Pignataro V, Bernini G, Giachè V, Bacca A, Biondi B, Corona G, Di
Trapani G, Grossrubatscher E, Reimondo G, Arnaldi G, Giacchetti G, Veglio F, Loli P, Colao A, Ambrosio MR, Terzolo M, Letizia C, Ercolino T, Opocher G (May 2009).
1893:
Hirawake H, Taniwaki M, Tamura A, Kojima S, Kita K (1997). "Cytochrome b in human complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): cDNA cloning of the components in liver mitochondria and chromosome assignment of the genes for the large (SDHC) and small (SDHD) subunits to 1q21 and 11q23".
2376:
CascĂłn A, LĂłpez-JimĂ©nez E, Landa I, Leskelä S, Leandro-GarcĂa LJ, Maliszewska A, LetĂłn R, de la Vega L, GarcĂa-Barcina MJ, Sanabria C, Alvarez-Escolá C, RodrĂguez-Antona C, Robledo M (September 2009). "Rationalization of genetic testing in patients with apparently sporadic
2508:
Gill AJ, Benn DE, Chou A, Clarkson A, Muljono A, Meyer-Rochow GY, Richardson AL, Sidhu SB, Robinson BG, Clifton-Bligh RJ (June 2010). "Immunohistochemistry for SDHB triages genetic testing of SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD in paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndromes".
2862:
Korpershoek E, Van
Nederveen FH, Dannenberg H, Petri BJ, Komminoth P, Perren A, Lenders JW, Verhofstad AA, De Herder WW, De Krijger RR, Dinjens WN (August 2006). "Genetic analyses of apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas: the Rotterdam experience".
2435:
CascĂłn A, Pita G, Burnichon N, Landa I, LĂłpez-JimĂ©nez E, Montero-Conde C, Leskelä S, Leandro-GarcĂa LJ, LetĂłn R, RodrĂguez-Antona C, DĂaz JA, LĂłpez-Vidriero E, González-Neira A, Velasco A, Matias-Guiu X, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Robledo M (May 2009).
2227:
Pasini B, McWhinney SR, Bei T, Matyakhina L, Stergiopoulos S, Muchow M, Boikos SA, Ferrando B, Pacak K, Assie G, Baudin E, Chompret A, Ellison JW, Briere JJ, Rustin P, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Eng C, Carney JA, Stratakis CA (January 2008).
1684:
1288:
2786:
Richalet JP, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Peyrard S, VĂ©nisse A, Marelle L, Burnichon N, Bouzamondo A, Jeunemaitre X, Azizi M, Elghozi JL (December 2009). "A role for succinate dehydrogenase genes in low chemoresponsiveness to hypoxia?".
2824:
Pigny P, Cardot-Bauters C, Do Cao C, Vantyghem MC, Carnaille B, Pattou F, Caron P, Wemeau JL, Porchet N (February 2009). "Should genetic testing be performed in each patient with sporadic pheochromocytoma at presentation?".
1948:
Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P (October 2013).
1150:
and aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
273:
172:
2079:"Structural and computational analysis of the quinone-binding site of complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): a mechanism of electron transfer and proton conduction during ubiquinone reduction"
3018:
3517:
2230:"Clinical and molecular genetics of patients with the Carney-Stratakis syndrome and germline mutations of the genes coding for the succinate dehydrogenase subunits SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD"
1737:
1734:
1722:
1702:
1698:
1341:
1338:
1326:
1306:
1302:
1732:
1336:
1242:. More than 30 mutations in the SDHC gene have been found to increase the risk of hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma type 3. People with this condition have paragangliomas,
2118:
Niemann S, MĂĽller U, Engelhardt D, Lohse P (July 2003). "Autosomal dominant malignant and catecholamine-producing paraganglioma caused by a splice donor site mutation in SDHC".
3033:
3074:
3600:
1735:
1726:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1339:
1330:
1300:
1299:
1295:
735:
716:
95:
1699:
1303:
2750:"Clinically guided genetic screening in a large cohort of italian patients with pheochromocytomas and/or functional or nonfunctional paragangliomas"
3413:
2471:
Boedeker CC, Neumann HP, Maier W, Bausch B, Schipper J, Ridder GJ (July 2007). "Malignant head and neck paragangliomas in SDHB mutation carriers".
2343:"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in succinate dehydrogenase subunits and citrate synthase genes: association results for impaired spermatogenesis"
1714:
1318:
3450:
3067:
2655:"Relevance of germline mutation screening in both familial and sporadic head and neck paraganglioma for early diagnosis and clinical management"
3347:
1875:
1857:
3476:
1730:
1717:
1703:
1334:
1321:
1307:
3484:
1733:
1337:
3060:
2966:
967:
3527:
2192:
Bayley JP, Weiss MM, Grimbergen A, van
Brussel BT, Hes FJ, Jansen JC, Verhoef S, Devilee P, Corssmit EP, Vriends AH (September 2009).
974:
2263:
Gaal J, Burnichon N, Korpershoek E, Roncelin I, Bertherat J, Plouin PF, de
Krijger RR, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Dinjens WN (March 2010).
3644:
3382:
3377:
1201:, loosely bound to the active site, free to exit the protein. The electrons derived from succinate tunnel along the relay in the
3318:
1934:
1719:
1323:
1998:
1740:
1712:
1687:
1344:
1316:
1291:
2194:"Molecular characterization of novel germline deletions affecting SDHD and SDHC in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients"
1725:
1688:
1329:
1292:
2616:
Eng C, Kiuru M, Fernandez MJ, Aaltonen LA (March 2003). "A role for mitochondrial enzymes in inherited neoplasia and beyond".
2998:
2749:
2908:
Wang L, McDonnell SK, Hebbring SJ, Cunningham JM, St Sauver J, Cerhan JR, Isaya G, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN (December 2008).
2653:
Hermsen MA, Sevilla MA, Llorente JL, Weiss MM, Grimbergen A, Allonca E, Garcia-Inclán C, BalbĂn M, Suárez C (January 2010).
1840:
4048:
3497:
3493:
1727:
1692:
1331:
1296:
3712:
3443:
1819:
1743:
1742:
1701:
1689:
1347:
1346:
1305:
1293:
1226:
radical species is formed. The second electron arrives from the cluster to provide full reduction of the ubiquinone to
3200:
3119:
2414:
Goto Y, Ando T, Naito M, Goto H, Hamajima N (2006). "No association of an SDHC gene polymorphism with gastric cancer".
1711:
1315:
3027:: Crystal Structure of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex II bound with 3-nitropropionate and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone
1741:
1694:
1345:
1298:
3745:
3585:
3480:
1728:
1332:
1084:
The gene that codes for the SDHC protein is nuclear, even though the protein is located in the inner membrane of the
2077:
Horsefield R, Yankovskaya V, Sexton G, Whittingham W, Shiomi K, Omura S, Byrne B, Cecchini G, Iwata S (March 2006).
1746:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1708:
1350:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1312:
259:
1747:
1744:
1707:
1351:
1348:
1311:
1738:
1342:
1844:
1823:
236:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1709:
1704:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1313:
1308:
3545:
3502:
3436:
3357:
3187:
3175:
3124:
1745:
1731:
1713:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1349:
1335:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1297:
1294:
780:
2300:"Development and validation of a comprehensive mutation and deletion detection assay for SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD"
1736:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1340:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
3901:
3580:
3196:
1724:
1721:
1700:
1328:
1325:
1304:
761:
3707:
3540:
3183:
1061:
158:
133:
75:
3570:
1187:
17:
4016:
3702:
3590:
3550:
272:
171:
4002:
3989:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3937:
3924:
3886:
3658:
3512:
3463:
3284:
2991:
1260:
265:
164:
62:
3896:
3850:
3793:
3467:
3279:
3239:
3114:
1143:
1053:
1049:
925:
921:
917:
913:
862:
858:
854:
850:
83:
3428:
3798:
3612:
3304:
3220:
3131:
1139:
1104:
1045:
950:
929:
887:
866:
3663:
3263:
3179:
3042:: Crystal Structure of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex II from porcine heart at 2.4 Angstroms
1768:
3212:
3819:
3738:
3565:
3157:
2538:
Ricketts C, Woodward ER, Killick P, Morris MR, Astuti D, Latif F, Maher ER (September 2008).
1246:, or both. An inherited SDHC gene mutation predisposes an individual to the condition, and a
2696:
Brière JJ, Favier J, El
Ghouzzi V, Djouadi F, BĂ©nit P, Gimenez AP, Rustin P (October 2005).
3891:
3575:
3507:
3328:
3258:
3146:
2984:
2872:
1089:
147:
2298:
Milosevic D, Lundquist P, Cradic K, Vidal-Folch N, Huynh T, Pacak K, Grebe SK (May 2010).
103:
8:
3855:
3408:
1206:
1068:
for this gene on different chromosomes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with
3052:
2876:
2722:
2697:
620:
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
3788:
3653:
3299:
2934:
2909:
2896:
2850:
2812:
2735:
2679:
2654:
2641:
2604:
2496:
2402:
2324:
2299:
2143:
2059:
1975:
1950:
107:
2315:
650:
645:
640:
635:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
4053:
3680:
3555:
3087:
2939:
2888:
2842:
2804:
2774:
2727:
2684:
2633:
2596:
2561:
2526:
2488:
2459:
2423:
2394:
2364:
2359:
2342:
2329:
2286:
2265:"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations are rare in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas"
2251:
2215:
2135:
2100:
2051:
2006:
1980:
1951:"Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase"
1911:
1789:
1772:
1759:
1243:
1147:
1057:
55:
2959:
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on
Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndromes
2854:
2739:
2645:
2608:
2500:
2406:
2147:
2063:
1166:
to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The SDHC/SDHD dimer provides binding sites for
87:
3834:
3829:
3803:
3731:
3560:
3250:
3104:
2929:
2921:
2900:
2880:
2834:
2816:
2796:
2764:
2717:
2709:
2674:
2666:
2625:
2586:
2551:
2518:
2480:
2449:
2386:
2354:
2319:
2311:
2276:
2241:
2205:
2127:
2090:
2041:
1970:
1962:
1903:
1247:
1069:
352:
283:
227:
182:
2925:
2522:
1966:
3881:
3865:
3778:
2484:
1060:
that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the
327:
111:
1880:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1862:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1259:, succinate accumulates in the cell. The excess succinate abnormally stabilizes
4030:
3919:
3860:
3459:
2046:
2029:
1100:. The SDHC gene produces an 18.6 kDa protein composed of 169 amino acids.
1073:
428:
2958:
2800:
2713:
2131:
1272:
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
1103:
The SDHC protein is one of the two transmembrane subunits of the four-subunit
4042:
3824:
3783:
2970:
1239:
1218:
1183:
1155:
1108:
530:
2884:
2246:
2229:
2030:"Crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex II"
488:
366:
3773:
3323:
3309:
3231:
2943:
2892:
2846:
2808:
2778:
2731:
2688:
2637:
2600:
2565:
2530:
2492:
2463:
2427:
2398:
2390:
2368:
2333:
2290:
2255:
2219:
2139:
2104:
2095:
2078:
2055:
1984:
1085:
345:
124:
66:, CYB560, CYBL, PGL3, QPS1, SDH3, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C
2670:
2556:
2539:
1915:
1683:
1287:
1014:
1009:
3997:
3932:
3768:
2769:
2454:
2437:
2281:
2264:
1223:
1065:
825:
806:
2838:
2591:
2574:
2210:
2193:
2028:
Sun F, Huo X, Zhai Y, Wang A, Xu J, Su D, Bartlam M, Rao Z (July 2005).
3167:
3083:
2861:
1999:"SDHC - Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial"
1210:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1138:
The SDHC protein is one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise
1044:. This gene encodes one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise
244:
141:
91:
2785:
2076:
1907:
1048:, also known as mitochondrial complex II, a key enzyme complex of the
3971:
3945:
3109:
2341:
Bonache S, MartĂnez J, Fernández M, Bassas L, Larriba S (June 2007).
1252:
1227:
1179:
680:
311:
298:
210:
197:
99:
2629:
2438:"Genetics of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in Spanish patients"
4025:
3458:
3141:
2297:
2161:
1256:
1214:
1198:
998:
2823:
2575:"Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors and germ-line mutations"
1213:
molecule at the Q pool active site in the SDHC/SDHD dimer. The O1
3604:
1217:
oxygen of ubiquinone is oriented at the active site (image 4) by
1076:. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.
1034:
792:
747:
665:
661:
2746:
2262:
2191:
79:
3984:
3754:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3668:
3531:
3090:
2910:"Polymorphisms in mitochondrial genes and prostate cancer risk"
2907:
2375:
1119:
electron transport subunit which, in turn, is connected to the
982:
702:
41:
2976:
2340:
1031:
succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial
3958:
3673:
3392:
3387:
2695:
2537:
1191:
2226:
2117:
1892:
1056:
of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral
549:
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
3632:
3622:
3617:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3135:
2652:
2540:"Germline SDHB mutations and familial renal cell carcinoma"
1787:
The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways:
1202:
1175:
1159:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1097:
1093:
1041:
3723:
2470:
1131:
3082:
2615:
646:
mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone
2572:
2434:
335:
2573:
McWhinney SR, Pasini B, Stratakis CA (September 2007).
2003:
Cardiac
Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB)
1107:(Complex II) protein complex that resides in the inner
4014:
500:
3518:
Dihydroxymethyloxo-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
2757:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2507:
2442:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2269:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1209:. The electrons are then transferred to an awaiting
1836:
1834:
1832:
1815:
1813:
1811:
2413:
1238:Mutations in this gene have been associated with
282:
181:
4040:
3414:Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
2914:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
3319:Complex III/Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase
1829:
1808:
1686:
1290:
1088:. The location of the gene in humans is on the
2027:
1935:"Entrez Gene: succinate dehydrogenase complex"
1841:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058076
1251:Because the mutated SDH enzyme cannot convert
3739:
3444:
3068:
2992:
2698:"Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in human"
1111:membrane. The other transmembrane subunit is
569:succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
2111:
1781:
1947:
1820:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143252
3746:
3732:
3451:
3437:
3075:
3061:
2999:
2985:
2967:United States National Library of Medicine
2865:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
2416:Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1886:
1266:
1115:. The SDHC/SDHD dimer is connected to the
2933:
2768:
2721:
2678:
2590:
2555:
2453:
2358:
2323:
2280:
2245:
2209:
2094:
2045:
1991:
1974:
1027:Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C
2965:This article incorporates text from the
2544:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1929:
1927:
1925:
1233:
1130:
1170:and water during electron transport at
14:
4041:
3727:
3432:
3056:
2980:
1941:
1922:
1154:SDHC forms part of the transmembrane
287:
248:
243:
186:
145:
140:
3494:Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
2702:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
2473:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
3713:3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
3708:Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
2579:The New England Journal of Medicine
2168:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
2083:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
24:
3305:Complex II/Succinate dehydrogenase
3201:Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
2347:International Journal of Andrology
2234:European Journal of Human Genetics
2184:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1286:
1142:, also known as Complex II of the
25:
4065:
3586:Pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
2952:
2827:European Journal of Endocrinology
2377:pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma".
2316:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.01.016
1037:that in humans is encoded by the
4024:
3032:
3017:
2360:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2006.00730.x
554:succinate dehydrogenase activity
471:extensor digitorum longus muscle
271:
264:
258:
235:
170:
163:
157:
132:
40:
3329:Complex IV/Cytochrome c oxidase
3006:
2154:
2070:
605:succinate dehydrogenase complex
3546:Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase
3503:7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase
3176:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2379:Hormone and Metabolic Research
2021:
1896:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
1868:
1850:
1205:subunit until they reach the
1146:, a key enzyme complex of the
590:integral component of membrane
489:More reference expression data
13:
1:
3581:Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
3197:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
2926:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0434
2523:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.12.005
1967:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151
1801:
256:
155:
3541:Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
3300:Complex I/NADH dehydrogenase
2485:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.01.015
1079:
1064:. There are several related
1062:inner mitochondrial membrane
651:response to oxidative stress
600:respiratory chain complex II
595:mitochondrial inner membrane
7:
4049:Genes on human chromosome 1
3753:
3571:Tetrahydroberberine oxidase
2789:Clinical Autonomic Research
1126:
10:
4070:
3703:Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3591:L-galactonolactone oxidase
3551:Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
3120:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
2047:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.025
1054:aerobic respiratory chains
544:electron transfer activity
467:sternocleidomastoid muscle
3910:
3902:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
3874:
3843:
3812:
3761:
3659:Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3643:
3599:
3526:
3513:2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase
3475:
3401:
3292:
3285:oxidative phosphorylation
3276:
3248:
3229:
3210:
3165:
3156:
3097:
3012:
2801:10.1007/s10286-009-0028-z
2714:10.1007/s00018-005-5237-6
2132:10.1007/s00439-003-0938-0
1876:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1858:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1261:hypoxia-inducible factors
1013:
1008:
1004:
997:
981:
975:Chr 1: 170.95 – 170.98 Mb
968:Chr 1: 161.31 – 161.36 Mb
962:
947:
943:
910:
906:
899:
884:
880:
847:
843:
836:
823:
819:
804:
800:
791:
778:
774:
759:
755:
746:
733:
729:
714:
710:
701:
686:
679:
675:
659:
529:
525:
513:
508:
499:
486:
435:
426:
373:
364:
334:
326:
322:
305:
292:
255:
234:
225:
221:
204:
191:
154:
131:
122:
118:
73:
70:
60:
53:
48:
39:
34:
3794:Diffusion-limited enzyme
3280:electron transport chain
3240:Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
3115:Isocitrate dehydrogenase
2198:Endocrine-Related Cancer
1144:electron transport chain
1050:tricarboxylic acid cycle
641:tricarboxylic acid cycle
3613:Succinate dehydrogenase
3221:Glutamate dehydrogenase
3132:Succinate dehydrogenase
3125:Succinyl CoA synthetase
2885:10.1196/annals.1353.014
2247:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201904
2166:Genetics Home Reference
1267:Interactive pathway map
1140:succinate dehydrogenase
1105:succinate dehydrogenase
1096:is partitioned in six
1046:succinate dehydrogenase
459:myocardium of ventricle
443:interventricular septum
29:Protein found in humans
3664:Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
3264:Aspartate transaminase
2618:Nature Reviews. Cancer
2391:10.1055/s-0029-1202814
2096:10.1074/jbc.m508173200
1752:
1356:
1190:binding site, forming
1135:
3887:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
3820:Allosteric regulation
3566:Dihydrouracil oxidase
3464:CH–CH oxidoreductases
2671:10.3233/CLO-2009-0498
2304:Clinical Biochemistry
1751:
1355:
1234:Clinical significance
1134:
3897:Lineweaver–Burk plot
3576:Secologanin synthase
3508:Biliverdin reductase
3259:Pyruvate carboxylase
3147:Malate dehydrogenase
2770:10.1210/jc.2008-2419
2455:10.1210/jc.2008-2756
2282:10.1210/jc.2009-2170
1955:Circulation Research
1758:|alt=TCACycle_WP78
401:smooth muscle tissue
381:right adrenal cortex
250:Chromosome 1 (mouse)
148:Chromosome 1 (human)
3498:Enoyl ACP reductase
3409:Alternative oxidase
3213:α-ketoglutaric acid
2877:2006NYASA1073..138K
2839:10.1530/EJE-08-0574
2592:10.1056/NEJMc071191
2557:10.1093/jnci/djn254
2211:10.1677/ERC-09-0084
1207:iron sulfur cluster
636:aerobic respiration
413:right lobe of liver
393:left adrenal cortex
377:islet of Langerhans
3856:Enzyme superfamily
3789:Enzyme promiscuity
3654:Fumarate reductase
2969:, which is in the
2708:(19–20): 2317–24.
1753:
1357:
1222:reduction step, a
1136:
781:ENSMUSG00000058076
629:Biological process
583:Cellular component
574:ubiquinone binding
537:Molecular function
389:left adrenal gland
4012:
4011:
3721:
3720:
3647:: Other acceptors
3556:Bilirubin oxidase
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3272:
3271:
3088:Citric acid cycle
3050:
3049:
2659:Cellular Oncology
1908:10.1159/000134700
1244:pheochromocytomas
1148:citric acid cycle
1070:pheochromocytomas
1058:membrane proteins
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
993:
992:
958:
957:
937:
936:
895:
894:
874:
873:
832:
831:
813:
812:
787:
786:
768:
767:
742:
741:
723:
722:
671:
670:
564:metal ion binding
521:
520:
517:
516:
495:
494:
482:
481:
420:
419:
318:
317:
217:
216:
16:(Redirected from
4061:
4029:
4028:
4020:
3892:Hanes–Woolf plot
3835:Enzyme activator
3830:Enzyme inhibitor
3804:Enzyme catalysis
3748:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3561:Acyl-CoA oxidase
3453:
3446:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3290:
3289:
3251:oxaloacetic acid
3163:
3162:
3105:Citrate synthase
3077:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3036:
3021:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2947:
2937:
2904:
2858:
2820:
2782:
2772:
2754:
2743:
2725:
2692:
2682:
2649:
2612:
2594:
2569:
2559:
2534:
2504:
2467:
2457:
2431:
2410:
2372:
2362:
2337:
2327:
2294:
2284:
2259:
2249:
2223:
2213:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2049:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2005:. Archived from
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1920:
1919:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1854:
1848:
1838:
1827:
1817:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1248:somatic mutation
1090:first chromosome
1029:, also known as
1006:
1005:
977:
970:
953:
941:
940:
932:
904:
903:
900:RefSeq (protein)
890:
878:
877:
869:
841:
840:
817:
816:
798:
797:
772:
771:
753:
752:
727:
726:
708:
707:
677:
676:
527:
526:
506:
505:
491:
463:digastric muscle
447:plantaris muscle
431:
429:Top expressed in
424:
423:
369:
367:Top expressed in
362:
361:
341:
340:
324:
323:
314:
301:
290:
275:
268:
262:
251:
239:
223:
222:
213:
200:
189:
174:
167:
161:
150:
136:
120:
119:
114:
112:SDHC - orthologs
65:
58:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4023:
4015:
4013:
4008:
3920:Oxidoreductases
3906:
3882:Enzyme kinetics
3870:
3866:List of enzymes
3839:
3808:
3779:Catalytic triad
3757:
3752:
3722:
3717:
3639:
3595:
3522:
3471:
3460:Oxidoreductases
3457:
3427:
3418:
3397:
3339:
3313:
3283:
3278:
3268:
3244:
3225:
3206:
3152:
3093:
3081:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3028:
3022:
3008:
3005:
2955:
2950:
2920:(12): 3558–66.
2752:
2630:10.1038/nrc1013
2511:Human Pathology
2187:
2185:Further reading
2182:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2116:
2112:
2089:(11): 7309–16.
2075:
2071:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2009:on 19 July 2018
1997:
1996:
1992:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1891:
1887:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1839:
1830:
1818:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1790:"TCACycle_WP78"
1788:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1771:TCACycle_WP78
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1269:
1236:
1195:
1129:
1082:
1015:View/Edit Mouse
1010:View/Edit Human
973:
966:
963:Location (UCSC)
949:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
886:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
762:ENSG00000143252
655:
624:
578:
487:
478:
475:temporal muscle
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
455:muscle of thigh
453:
449:
445:
441:
427:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
365:
309:
296:
288:
278:
277:
276:
269:
249:
226:Gene location (
208:
195:
187:
177:
176:
175:
168:
146:
123:Gene location (
74:
61:
54:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4034:
4033:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3993:
3980:
3967:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3844:Classification
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3609:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3473:
3472:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3195:(regulated by
3192:
3191:
3172:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2953:External links
2951:
2949:
2948:
2905:
2859:
2821:
2783:
2744:
2693:
2650:
2624:(3): 193–202.
2613:
2585:(10): 1054–6.
2570:
2550:(17): 1260–2.
2535:
2505:
2468:
2432:
2411:
2373:
2338:
2310:(7–8): 700–4.
2295:
2260:
2224:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2153:
2120:Human Genetics
2110:
2069:
2040:(7): 1043–57.
2020:
1990:
1961:(9): 1043–53.
1940:
1921:
1902:(1–2): 132–8.
1885:
1867:
1849:
1828:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1766:
1681:
1359:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1240:paragangliomas
1235:
1232:
1193:
1128:
1125:
1081:
1078:
1074:paragangliomas
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
991:
990:
988:
986:
979:
978:
971:
964:
960:
959:
956:
955:
945:
944:
938:
935:
934:
908:
907:
901:
897:
896:
893:
892:
882:
881:
875:
872:
871:
845:
844:
838:
834:
833:
830:
829:
821:
820:
814:
811:
810:
802:
801:
795:
789:
788:
785:
784:
776:
775:
769:
766:
765:
757:
756:
750:
744:
743:
740:
739:
731:
730:
724:
721:
720:
712:
711:
705:
699:
698:
693:
688:
684:
683:
673:
672:
669:
668:
657:
656:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
632:
630:
626:
625:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
584:
580:
579:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
540:
538:
534:
533:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
503:
497:
496:
493:
492:
484:
483:
480:
479:
477:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
432:
421:
418:
417:
415:
414:
410:
409:left ventricle
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
370:
358:
357:
349:
338:
332:
331:
328:RNA expression
320:
319:
316:
315:
307:
303:
302:
294:
291:
286:
280:
279:
270:
263:
257:
253:
252:
247:
241:
240:
232:
231:
219:
218:
215:
214:
206:
202:
201:
193:
190:
185:
179:
178:
169:
162:
156:
152:
151:
144:
138:
137:
129:
128:
116:
115:
72:
68:
67:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4066:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Enzyme family
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Cooperativity
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Oxyanion hole
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3277:Mitochondrial
3275:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:public domain
2968:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:(1): 138–48.
2870:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2833:(2): 227–31.
2832:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2795:(6): 335–42.
2794:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2763:(5): 1541–7.
2762:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2665:(4): 275–83.
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2517:(6): 805–14.
2516:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2448:(5): 1701–5.
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2353:(3): 144–52.
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2275:(3): 1274–8.
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2204:(3): 929–37.
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1685:
1289:
1274:
1273:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:hydrogen bond
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1184:deprotonation
1181:
1177:
1174:. Initially,
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:that anchors
1161:
1157:
1156:protein dimer
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:mitochondrial
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
954:
952:
946:
942:
939:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
909:
905:
902:
898:
891:
889:
883:
879:
876:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
846:
842:
839:
837:RefSeq (mRNA)
835:
828:
827:
822:
818:
815:
809:
808:
803:
799:
796:
794:
790:
783:
782:
777:
773:
770:
764:
763:
758:
754:
751:
749:
745:
738:
737:
732:
728:
725:
719:
718:
713:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:
694:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
667:
663:
658:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
631:
628:
627:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
610:mitochondrion
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
585:
582:
581:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:Gene ontology
528:
524:
512:
507:
504:
502:
498:
490:
485:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:soleus muscle
438:
437:
434:
430:
425:
422:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
363:
360:
359:
356:
354:
350:
348:
347:
343:
342:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
308:
304:
300:
295:
285:
281:
274:
267:
261:
254:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
224:
220:
212:
207:
203:
199:
194:
184:
180:
173:
166:
160:
153:
149:
143:
139:
135:
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
4036:
3998:Translocases
3995:
3982:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3933:Transferases
3930:
3917:
3774:Binding site
3681:5α-reductase
3627:
3335:
3324:Cytochrome c
3232:succinyl-CoA
3039:
3024:
2964:
2963:
2917:
2913:
2868:
2864:
2830:
2826:
2792:
2788:
2760:
2756:
2705:
2701:
2662:
2658:
2621:
2617:
2582:
2578:
2547:
2543:
2514:
2510:
2479:(1): 126–9.
2476:
2472:
2445:
2441:
2422:(4): 525–8.
2419:
2415:
2385:(9): 672–5.
2382:
2378:
2350:
2346:
2307:
2303:
2272:
2268:
2240:(1): 79–88.
2237:
2233:
2201:
2197:
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
2002:
1993:
1958:
1954:
1943:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1783:
1271:
1270:
1237:
1197:and leaving
1153:
1137:
1102:
1092:at q21. The
1086:mitochondria
1083:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1025:
948:
926:NP_001265101
922:NP_001030590
918:NP_001030589
914:NP_001030588
911:
885:
863:NM_001278172
859:NM_001035513
855:NM_001035512
851:NM_001035511
848:
824:
805:
779:
760:
734:
715:
695:
690:
559:heme binding
385:human kidney
351:
344:
310:170,978,172
297:170,954,734
209:161,363,206
196:161,314,381
71:External IDs
26:
3769:Active site
3341:synthesis:
3158:Anaplerotic
3007:PDB gallery
2126:(1): 92–4.
1224:semiquinone
1066:pseudogenes
289:1|1 H3
49:Identifiers
18:SDHC (gene)
4043:Categories
3972:Isomerases
3946:Hydrolases
3813:Regulation
3336:Coenzyme Q
3310:Coenzyme Q
3168:acetyl-CoA
3084:Metabolism
1847:, May 2017
1826:, May 2017
1802:References
1211:ubiquinone
1172:Complex II
1168:ubiquinone
1164:Complex II
355:(ortholog)
92:HomoloGene
3851:EC number
3110:Aconitase
1253:succinate
1228:ubiquinol
1180:succinate
1178:oxidizes
1123:subunit.
1080:Structure
951:NP_079597
930:NP_002992
888:NM_025321
867:NM_003001
681:Orthologs
100:GeneCards
4054:EC 1.3.5
3875:Kinetics
3799:Cofactor
3762:Activity
3534:acceptor
3487:acceptor
3142:Fumarase
2944:19064571
2893:17102080
2855:31746044
2847:19029228
2809:19768395
2779:19223516
2740:23793565
2732:16143825
2723:11139140
2689:20208144
2646:20549458
2638:12612654
2609:35007543
2601:17804857
2566:18728283
2531:20236688
2501:13650583
2493:17599579
2464:19258401
2428:17250422
2407:24979281
2399:19343621
2369:17298551
2334:20153743
2291:19915015
2256:17667967
2220:19546167
2172:26 March
2148:32412131
2140:12658451
2105:16407191
2064:16697879
2056:15989954
1985:23965338
1843:–
1822:–
1257:fumarate
1215:carbonyl
1199:fumarate
1127:Function
999:Wikidata
660:Sources:
615:membrane
405:duodenum
4031:Biology
3985:Ligases
3755:Enzymes
3605:Quinone
3314:(CoQ10)
3293:Primary
3149:and ETC
3091:enzymes
2935:2750891
2901:8418586
2873:Bibcode
2817:2265162
2680:4619289
2325:3419008
2013:18 July
1976:4076475
1916:9533030
1845:Ensembl
1824:Ensembl
1281:[[File:
1186:at the
1035:protein
1033:, is a
793:UniProt
748:Ensembl
687:Species
666:QuickGO
330:pattern
88:1913302
56:Aliases
4017:Portal
3959:Lyases
3696:SRD5A3
3691:SRD5A2
3686:SRD5A1
3669:ACADSB
3645:1.3.99
3532:Oxygen
3383:COQ10B
3378:COQ10A
2942:
2932:
2899:
2891:
2853:
2845:
2815:
2807:
2777:
2738:
2730:
2720:
2687:
2677:
2644:
2636:
2607:
2599:
2564:
2529:
2499:
2491:
2462:
2426:
2405:
2397:
2367:
2332:
2322:
2289:
2254:
2218:
2162:"SDHC"
2146:
2138:
2103:
2062:
2054:
1983:
1973:
1914:
985:search
983:PubMed
826:Q9CZB0
807:Q99643
703:Entrez
501:BioGPS
451:atrium
397:rectum
188:1q23.3
80:602413
3911:Types
3674:ACADS
3601:1.3.5
3528:1.3.3
3477:1.3.1
3402:Other
3393:PDSS2
3388:PDSS1
3098:Cycle
2897:S2CID
2851:S2CID
2813:S2CID
2753:(PDF)
2736:S2CID
2642:S2CID
2605:S2CID
2497:S2CID
2403:S2CID
2144:S2CID
2060:S2CID
1158:with
1098:exons
736:66052
696:Mouse
691:Human
662:Amigo
353:Mouse
346:Human
293:Start
228:Mouse
192:Start
125:Human
4003:list
3996:EC7
3990:list
3983:EC6
3977:list
3970:EC5
3964:list
3957:EC4
3951:list
3944:EC3
3938:list
3931:EC2
3925:list
3918:EC1
3633:SDHD
3628:SDHC
3623:SDHB
3618:SDHA
3485:NADP
3470:1.3)
3373:COQ9
3368:COQ7
3363:COQ6
3358:COQ5
3353:COQ4
3348:COQ3
3343:COQ2
3199:and
3136:SDHA
3040:1zoy
3025:1zp0
2940:PMID
2889:PMID
2869:1073
2843:PMID
2805:PMID
2775:PMID
2728:PMID
2685:PMID
2634:PMID
2597:PMID
2562:PMID
2527:PMID
2489:PMID
2460:PMID
2424:PMID
2395:PMID
2365:PMID
2330:PMID
2287:PMID
2252:PMID
2216:PMID
2174:2015
2136:PMID
2101:PMID
2052:PMID
2034:Cell
2015:2018
1981:PMID
1912:PMID
1773:edit
1760:edit
1203:SDHB
1192:FADH
1182:via
1176:SDHA
1160:SDHD
1121:SDHA
1117:SDHB
1113:SDHD
1094:gene
1072:and
1052:and
1042:gene
1039:SDHC
717:6391
336:Bgee
284:Band
245:Chr.
183:Band
142:Chr.
104:SDHC
96:2256
76:OMIM
63:SDHC
35:SDHC
3481:NAD
3249:to
3230:to
3211:to
3166:to
2930:PMC
2922:doi
2881:doi
2835:doi
2831:160
2797:doi
2765:doi
2718:PMC
2710:doi
2675:PMC
2667:doi
2626:doi
2587:doi
2583:357
2552:doi
2548:100
2519:doi
2481:doi
2477:137
2450:doi
2387:doi
2355:doi
2320:PMC
2312:doi
2277:doi
2242:doi
2206:doi
2128:doi
2124:113
2091:doi
2087:281
2042:doi
2038:121
1971:PMC
1963:doi
1959:113
1904:doi
1255:to
1188:FAD
509:n/a
306:End
205:End
108:OMA
84:MGI
4045::
3603::
3530::
3479::
3468:EC
3462::
3338:10
3312:10
3188:E3
3186:,
3184:E2
3182:,
3180:E1
3086::
2938:.
2928:.
2918:17
2916:.
2912:.
2895:.
2887:.
2879:.
2867:.
2849:.
2841:.
2829:.
2811:.
2803:.
2793:19
2791:.
2773:.
2761:94
2759:.
2755:.
2734:.
2726:.
2716:.
2706:62
2704:.
2700:.
2683:.
2673:.
2663:32
2661:.
2657:.
2640:.
2632:.
2620:.
2603:.
2595:.
2581:.
2577:.
2560:.
2546:.
2542:.
2525:.
2515:41
2513:.
2495:.
2487:.
2475:.
2458:.
2446:94
2444:.
2440:.
2418:.
2401:.
2393:.
2383:41
2381:.
2363:.
2351:30
2349:.
2345:.
2328:.
2318:.
2308:43
2306:.
2302:.
2285:.
2273:95
2271:.
2267:.
2250:.
2238:16
2236:.
2232:.
2214:.
2202:16
2200:.
2196:.
2164:.
2142:.
2134:.
2122:.
2099:.
2085:.
2081:.
2058:.
2050:.
2036:.
2032:.
2001:.
1979:.
1969:.
1957:.
1953:.
1924:^
1910:.
1900:79
1898:.
1878:.
1860:.
1831:^
1810:^
1762:]]
1230:.
664:/
312:bp
299:bp
211:bp
198:bp
106:;
102::
98:;
94::
90:;
86::
82:;
78::
4019::
4005:)
4001:(
3992:)
3988:(
3979:)
3975:(
3966:)
3962:(
3953:)
3949:(
3940:)
3936:(
3927:)
3923:(
3747:e
3740:t
3733:v
3496:/
3483:/
3466:(
3452:e
3445:t
3438:v
3282:/
3203:)
3190:)
3178:(
3138:)
3134:(
3076:e
3069:t
3062:v
3000:e
2993:t
2986:v
2973:.
2946:.
2924::
2903:.
2883::
2875::
2857:.
2837::
2819:.
2799::
2781:.
2767::
2742:.
2712::
2691:.
2669::
2648:.
2628::
2622:3
2611:.
2589::
2568:.
2554::
2533:.
2521::
2503:.
2483::
2466:.
2452::
2430:.
2420:7
2409:.
2389::
2371:.
2357::
2336:.
2314::
2293:.
2279::
2258:.
2244::
2222:.
2208::
2176:.
2150:.
2130::
2107:.
2093::
2066:.
2044::
2017:.
1987:.
1965::
1937:.
1918:.
1906::
1882:.
1864:.
1792:.
1677:]
1672:]
1667:]
1662:]
1657:]
1652:]
1647:]
1642:]
1637:]
1632:]
1627:]
1622:]
1617:]
1612:]
1607:]
1602:]
1597:]
1592:]
1587:]
1582:]
1577:]
1572:]
1567:]
1562:]
1557:]
1552:]
1547:]
1542:]
1537:]
1532:]
1527:]
1522:]
1517:]
1512:]
1507:]
1502:]
1497:]
1492:]
1487:]
1482:]
1477:]
1472:]
1467:]
1462:]
1457:]
1452:]
1447:]
1442:]
1437:]
1432:]
1427:]
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