154:, 1-bit sign for the mantissa, a 7-bit exponent, and 1-bit sign for the exponent. These were organized in reverse order, with the least significant byte of the mantissa in the first byte, followed by the middle and then most significant byte with the sign in the high bit. The exponent came last, again with the sign in the high bit. The manual provides well-documented
138:'s June 1976 issue. The ad did not specifically link the language to the SCELBI platform, instead, it simply offered itself in book form as a complete source listing to create a version of BASIC on any 8008 or 8080 system with the requisite 8 kB of RAM. The book's price was $ 49, about $ 262 in 2023.
763:
to access substrings, the array-access syntax was used with a colon preceding the starting point and optionally a semicolon preceding the length. As SCELBAL also supported string arrays, the first number in the array accessors was the array index, and was optional if the variable was not an array.
333:
would result in A being set to 177, 49 (ASCII for "1") + 128. Additionally, when the dollar sign is used, the traditional "?" prompt is not printed, and command returned to the language as soon as a single character is entered, instead of waiting for the carriage return as in the normal case.
120:
It took
Wadsworth several months to finally arrange a contract, which included sending Arnold an 8B development system. This significantly delayed the release of the language into 1976. Arnold speculated that, lacking these delays, SCELBAL could have been released at about the same time as
723:
Strings could be up to 80 characters long, and the system could hold a total of 64 string variables. Any one of those 64, or all of them, could be one-dimensional arrays, but the total number still had to be 64 strings in total. Oddly, string arrays did not require a
933:
Although similar to SDS BASIC, there is a major difference in the way this works in comparison to the other BASICs that used slicing syntax, in that the last parameter is the length, not a position. For instance, in Atari BASIC the similar-looking code:
372:
were provided in boilerplate form and expected to be implemented when ported to different platforms. Line numbers could be between 1 and 999999, whereas most BASICs used a 16-bit integer and thus supported lines from 1 to 32767 or 1 to 65535.
965:
would instead output "EL", as the instruction translates to "print all characters between positions 2 and 3". In this fashion, SCELBAL works in a fashion more similar to MS BASIC, where the equivalents would be:
898:
would result in "ORL" being printed to the output. SCELBAL also allowed omitting the semicolon, which specifies the characters from the starting point to the end of the string. So, for instance, the code:
1052:
was modified so string variables worked like numeric ones, waiting for the carriage return and then assigning the entire user input to the associated string variable. It also added the support functions
602:
Arrays worked as in MS, but were optional and could be turned off to save memory. Only single-dimension arrays were supported, and the total number of elements for all arrays combined was 64 numbers.
361:
allowed a single floating-point parameter to be passed to the user-defined function, whose machine-language code must have been loaded into memory at a fixed location ahead of runtime.
325:
would normally read the user-entered text as a number, but allowed the dollar sign to indicate the value should be read as the SCELBI code instead. For instance,
77:
The primary author of SCELBAL is Mark Arnold, who was a high-school student in 1974 when the SCELBI was announced. Arnold was friends with professors at the
158:
for the entire math package, including entry points and usage notes. 32-bit formats were common in this era, while later versions of BASIC, starting with
69:. The book described ways to save more memory, turning off arrays for instance, and how the user could add their own new features to the language.
2223:
103:. This would be very tedious to use but would produce programs that would run on the 4 kB 8H models of the system. Wadsworth favored an
276:
codes to have the high-bit set, so to convert from normal ASCII to SCELBI character codes, one had to add or subtract 128. For instance,
2491:
1761:
813:
would result in "ELL" being printed to the output. If an array was used the syntax required the array index in the first parameter:
113:
2110:
735:
string handling that inspired it, SCELBI used the "slicing" style of string manipulation found in contemporary BASICs like
173:, lacking string variables and operators and a number of mathematic functions. Other differences were less pronounced. The
99:
version of BASIC for their new platform. This would be a multi-pass system that would save the intermediate versions on
1307:
680:
SCELBI published two extensions to the system, the
Mathematical Functions Supplement, and the Strings Supplement.
1973:
1441:
2327:
2322:
107:, which would require 8 kB, which would be available on the new 8B models of the system. The language used
2105:
2178:
2088:
1721:
95:
Arnold entered UW in 1975 and contacted Nat
Wadsworth, one of the founders of SCELBI, pitching the idea of a
1873:
88:. The first version of what became SCELBAL was written for this machine. Later that year, he wrote an 8008
2486:
2033:
1848:
1646:
1640:
1096:
260:
The base language did not support string handling, although literal (constant) strings could be used in
1978:
1883:
720:
The String
Supplement was somewhat larger than the Math Functions, including a number of new features.
27:
2370:
1983:
1853:
1065:
to convert a string containing a numeric value to a string representation of that number. As in MS,
51:
1419:
1651:
689:
2420:
2204:
1823:
1455:
2307:
2150:
2117:
1680:
1489:
1114:
126:
78:
2375:
2239:
2191:
2130:
2044:
1948:
1835:
1553:
1548:
1543:
740:
151:
55:
8:
2455:
2345:
2219:
1563:
1496:
1434:
169:
SCELBAL was otherwise similar to other BASIC dialects, including early MS versions like
1636:
1357:
85:
2332:
2168:
1968:
1804:
1519:
1506:
104:
2160:
1794:
1604:
1571:
1404:
350:
82:
1400:
A javascript simulator of 8008 preloaded with SCELBAL, Math and String
Supplements
2365:
2355:
2297:
2155:
2099:
1778:
1535:
1479:
1399:
744:
732:
159:
125:
in late 1975. It was first presented in a lengthy article in the second issue of
1414:
341:
command found in MS, which clears out existing program code and data, is called
61:
The language was published in book form, with introductory sections followed by
2460:
2440:
2312:
2057:
1913:
1799:
1690:
1632:
1427:
147:
108:
89:
66:
1409:
2480:
2465:
2350:
2253:
1878:
1599:
1586:
1576:
1485:
1066:
155:
133:
100:
43:
2380:
2292:
2182:
1893:
1809:
1666:
1619:
170:
122:
1394:
329:
would read the user input "1" into A as the floating-point value 1, while
2360:
2302:
2199:
2140:
2067:
1933:
1923:
1868:
1726:
1711:
1685:
1525:
748:
2450:
2445:
2430:
2077:
1993:
1928:
1903:
1863:
1843:
1766:
1746:
1706:
1675:
1656:
1594:
39:
35:
1040:
To add full support for strings, the
Supplement replaced the original
50:. Later add-ons to the language included an extended math package and
2415:
2395:
2385:
2340:
2317:
2268:
2257:
2145:
1958:
1938:
1918:
1908:
1741:
1471:
1449:
736:
645:
As in MS, takes a dummy variable and returns a value between 0 and 1.
166:, generally adopted a 40-bit (five byte) format for added precision.
62:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2209:
2093:
1988:
1963:
1888:
1716:
1627:
1514:
1220:
1218:
233:
It also allowed conditional execution of other statements, such as
163:
96:
1193:
1191:
1157:
2435:
2062:
2018:
2003:
1898:
1786:
1242:
1215:
81:(UW), and through them had arranged to have an account on their
2425:
2410:
2263:
2214:
2072:
2052:
2013:
2008:
1858:
1756:
1751:
1736:
1731:
1230:
1188:
1164:
209:
It also retained the MS-style short form for the same concept,
47:
31:
1203:
1125:
1451:
1176:
273:
1137:
1048:, which matched the syntax of its MS counterpart. Likewise,
132:
The release of SCLEBAL was announced in an advertisement in
2229:
1998:
1254:
1415:
Mike
Willegal's SCELBI OS/X Emulator which can run SCELBAL
2249:
1097:"SCELBAL - A Higher Level Language for 8008/8080 Systems"
1335:
1333:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1405:
Object code for
Published SCELBAL in Intel Hex format
1359:
SCELBAL: A higher level language for 8008/8080 systems
398:
Referred to as "executive" mode in the documentation.
364:
Error codes were reduced to two letters, and code for
1395:
A javascript simulator of 8008 preloaded with SCELBAL
1158:"Create your own Version of Microsoft BASIC for 6502"
688:
1330:
1318:
1278:
930:
would result in "ORLD" being printed to the output.
319:
to produce the string "HELLO, WORLD" in the output.
58:, while the additions demanded at least 12 kB.
383:Taken from the 1976 manual unless otherwise noted.
1266:
2478:
653:Note the lack of the $ found in MS, which uses
1355:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1209:
1197:
1182:
1170:
1143:
1131:
150:format for numeric calculations, with a 23-bit
1095:Arnold, Mark; Wadsworth, Nat (February 1976).
580:required a variable, unlike later MS versions.
272:to provide layout. Oddly, the system required
1435:
337:Among the few other differences was that the
54:. The original version required 8 kB of
683:
442:
111:routines published by Wadsworth in 1975 in
1442:
1428:
460:Like MS, could accept multiple variables,
1372:SCELBAL Mathematical Functions Supplement
114:Machine Language Programming for the 8008
1378:
1339:
1324:
1293:
268:to print non-printable characters, and
2479:
393:
264:, and had the supporting functions of
1423:
1356:Arnold, Mark; Wadsworth, Nat (1976).
1305:
1155:
1369:
1272:
715:
376:
24:SCientific ELementary BAsic Language
13:
1156:Steil, Michael (20 October 2008).
751:. Instead of using functions like
481:. Did not include a prompt string.
146:SCELBAL used a 32-bit (four byte)
14:
2503:
2492:BASIC programming language family
1388:
1308:"Atari Strings and Text Handling"
731:In contrast to MS BASIC, and the
576:is optional and assumed to be 1.
553:It appears the "spaced version",
1349:
1299:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
760:
756:
752:
725:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
667:
660:
654:
648:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
597:
590:
583:
577:
573:
567:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
529:
512:
494:
490:
484:
461:
455:
448:
434:
427:
420:
413:
408:
402:
369:
365:
358:
354:
346:
342:
338:
330:
326:
322:
269:
265:
261:
234:
211:
187:
182:
178:
177:statement had an optional form
174:
1149:
1107:
1088:
141:
1:
1383:. SCELBI Computer Consulting.
1374:. SCELBI Computer Consulting.
1365:. SCELBI Computer Consulting.
1076:
675:
357:for "user defined function".
1410:Mike Willegal's SCELBAL page
1081:
764:So, for instance, the code:
606:
7:
1647:Data General Extended BASIC
1261:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1249:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1237:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1225:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1210:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1198:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1183:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1171:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1144:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
1132:Arnold & Wadsworth 1976
388:
10:
2508:
1381:SCELBAL Strings Supplement
1306:Small, David, ed. (1983).
407:scratch, equivalent to MS
181:that removed the need for
72:
28:BASIC programming language
2371:Disk Extended Color BASIC
2285:
2238:
2190:
2177:
2129:
2043:
2031:
1984:Open Programming Language
1947:
1834:
1822:
1777:
1699:
1665:
1618:
1585:
1562:
1534:
1505:
1470:
1463:
684:Math Functions Supplement
443:Immediate or program mode
349:function, which called a
30:released in 1976 for the
16:1976 programming language
2269:WinFBE, Visual FB Editor
1652:Southampton BASIC System
1121:. June 1976. p. 47.
1005:
968:
936:
901:
815:
766:
690:transcendental functions
278:
345:for "scratch", and the
2421:MS BASIC for Macintosh
2205:Visual Basic (classic)
1515:TI-BASIC (calculators)
1454:programming language (
568:FOR...TO...STEP...NEXT
26:, is a version of the
2308:Atari Microsoft BASIC
2151:Microsoft Small Basic
2118:Embedded Visual Basic
1681:VSI BASIC for OpenVMS
1379:Arnold, Mark (1977).
1370:Arnold, Mark (1977).
1314:. Creative Computing.
79:University of Wyoming
2376:Extended Color BASIC
1549:Rocky Mountain BASIC
1544:HP Time-Shared BASIC
741:HP Time-Shared BASIC
557:, was not supported.
2456:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)
2346:Benton Harbor BASIC
1564:Locomotive Software
394:Immediate-mode only
2487:BASIC interpreters
1312:The Creative Atari
1101:Dr. Dobb's Journal
541:Alternate form of
129:in February 1976.
127:Dr. Dobb's Journal
92:on that platform.
86:mainframe computer
65:and then the 8008
2474:
2473:
2334:BASIC Programming
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2220:Visual Basic .NET
2027:
2026:
1818:
1817:
1805:Super Expander 64
1520:TI Extended BASIC
1507:Texas Instruments
1103:. pp. 30–53.
863:"WORLD"
839:"HELLO"
781:"HELLO"
716:String Supplement
493:was optional, so
377:Language features
314:"WORLD"
284:"HELLO"
2499:
2188:
2187:
2161:OpenOffice Basic
2041:
2040:
1832:
1831:
1770:
1605:North Star BASIC
1572:Locomotive BASIC
1468:
1467:
1450:Dialects of the
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1251:, p. 14.18.
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1227:, p. 14.17.
1222:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1200:, p. 14.16.
1195:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1173:, p. 14.10.
1168:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
762:
758:
754:
727:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
669:
662:
656:
650:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
599:
592:
585:
579:
575:
569:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
531:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
510:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
492:
486:
480:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
457:
450:
436:
429:
422:
415:
410:
404:
371:
367:
360:
356:
351:machine language
348:
344:
340:
332:
328:
324:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
271:
267:
263:
256:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
232:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
208:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
184:
180:
176:
34:and other early
2507:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2366:Dartmouth BASIC
2356:Commodore BASIC
2298:Applesoft BASIC
2273:
2241:
2234:
2181:
2173:
2132:
2125:
2100:Microsoft Excel
2036:
2023:
1950:
1943:
1827:
1814:
1773:
1764:
1695:
1661:
1614:
1581:
1558:
1536:Hewlett-Packard
1530:
1501:
1484:TRS-80 BASICs (
1480:Microsoft BASIC
1459:
1448:
1391:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1239:, p. 14.3.
1235:
1231:
1223:
1216:
1212:, p. 14.1.
1208:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1134:, p. 10.1.
1130:
1126:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
928:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
747:, or the later
745:Northstar BASIC
733:Dartmouth BASIC
718:
686:
678:
609:
526:are equivalent.
522:
519:
516:
513:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
445:
396:
391:
379:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
210:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
186:
160:Microsoft BASIC
144:
75:
52:string handling
17:
12:
11:
5:
2505:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2461:Turbo-BASIC XL
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Sinclair BASIC
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2313:Atari ST BASIC
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Chipmunk Basic
2055:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Super Expander
1797:
1792:
1791:Graphics BASIC
1789:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1691:CALL/360:BASIC
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1633:Business Basic
1630:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1587:Microcomputers
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1389:External links
1387:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1329:
1317:
1298:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1214:
1202:
1187:
1185:, p. 2.3.
1175:
1163:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1106:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1006:
969:
937:
902:
816:
767:
717:
714:
685:
682:
677:
674:
673:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
651:
646:
643:
638:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
615:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
570:
565:
563:
561:GOSUB...RETURN
558:
551:
546:
539:
534:
532:
527:
487:
482:
458:
453:
451:
444:
441:
440:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
418:
416:
411:
405:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
378:
375:
279:
148:floating point
143:
140:
109:floating point
90:cross compiler
74:
71:
67:assembler code
44:microcomputers
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2504:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2466:Vilnius BASIC
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Chinese BASIC
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2254:Basic4android
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2122:WinWrap Basic
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Liberty BASIC
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:Simons' BASIC
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1620:Minicomputers
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Integer BASIC
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:Mallard BASIC
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1146:, p. 10.
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1067:concatenation
1004:
967:
935:
931:
900:
814:
765:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
721:
713:
691:
681:
671:
666:
664:
659:
652:
647:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
610:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
571:
566:
564:
559:
552:
547:
540:
535:
533:
528:
489:Like MS, the
488:
483:
459:
454:
452:
447:
446:
438:
433:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
406:
401:
400:
399:
384:
381:
380:
374:
362:
353:routine, was
352:
335:
320:
277:
275:
258:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
156:assembly code
153:
149:
139:
137:
136:
130:
128:
124:
118:
116:
115:
110:
106:
102:
101:cassette tape
98:
93:
91:
87:
84:
80:
70:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2381:Family BASIC
2336:(Atari 2600)
2333:
2293:Altair BASIC
1894:Mobile BASIC
1810:YS MegaBasic
1667:Time-sharing
1641:Data General
1609:
1522:(aka XBasic)
1490:Level II/III
1380:
1371:
1358:
1350:Bibliography
1342:, p. 2.
1340:Strings 1977
1327:, p. 3.
1325:Strings 1977
1320:
1311:
1301:
1296:, p. 1.
1294:Strings 1977
1275:, p. 1.
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1205:
1178:
1166:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1090:
1039:
1002:
964:
932:
929:
897:
812:
730:
722:
719:
687:
679:
397:
382:
363:
336:
321:
318:
259:
171:Altair BASIC
168:
145:
134:
131:
123:Altair BASIC
119:
112:
94:
76:
60:
23:
22:, short for
19:
18:
2361:Color BASIC
2303:Atari BASIC
2242:open source
2200:CA-Realizer
2192:Proprietary
2165:ScriptBasic
2133:open source
2068:LotusScript
2045:Proprietary
1979:Indic BASIC
1951:open source
1934:Turbo Basic
1924:Tiger-BASIC
1869:FutureBASIC
1836:Proprietary
1765: [
1727:Casio BASIC
1712:Astro BASIC
1686:SUPER BASIC
1526:TI-BASIC 83
1115:"Shocking!"
749:Atari BASIC
728:statement.
142:Description
105:interpreter
2481:Categories
2451:SuperBASIC
2446:STOS BASIC
2431:QuickBASIC
2156:Mono-Basic
2078:PowerBASIC
2037:extensions
1994:SmallBASIC
1929:True BASIC
1914:SmileBASIC
1904:PowerBASIC
1864:Beta BASIC
1849:AMOS BASIC
1844:AmigaBASIC
1747:Tiny BASIC
1707:AlphaBasic
1676:BASIC-PLUS
1657:Wang BASIC
1595:Atom BASIC
1077:References
1073:operator.
676:Extensions
572:As in MS,
63:flowcharts
36:Intel 8008
2416:MSX BASIC
2396:IBM BASIC
2386:GFA BASIC
2341:BBC BASIC
2258:Basic4ppc
2183:designers
2146:FreeBASIC
2098:VB 5 for
2085:Run BASIC
1969:DarkBASIC
1959:Basic-256
1939:WordBASIC
1919:ThinBasic
1909:PureBasic
1824:Procedure
1779:Extenders
1742:SDS BASIC
1669:computers
1497:BASIC 1.0
1472:Microsoft
1273:Math 1977
1082:Citations
1069:used the
737:SDS BASIC
607:Functions
543:IF...THEN
537:IF...GOTO
530:IF...THEN
331:INPUT A$
179:IF...GOTO
46:like the
2406:MacBASIC
2401:JR-BASIC
2391:GW-BASIC
2328:BASIC XL
2323:BASIC XE
2318:BASIC A+
2240:Free and
2210:NS Basic
2141:BlitzMax
2131:Free and
2094:VBScript
2082:ProvideX
1989:SdlBasic
1974:Euphoria
1964:Basic4GL
1949:Free and
1889:MapBasic
1828:oriented
1717:BASICODE
1628:BASIC-11
1554:HP Basic
1495:Thomson
389:Commands
164:MOS 6502
162:for the
152:mantissa
97:compiled
2436:S-BASIC
2286:Defunct
2224:Mercury
2063:GLBasic
2019:Yabasic
2004:wxBasic
1899:OWBasic
1787:BASIC 8
1762:ETBASIC
1610:SCELBAL
1486:Level I
1464:Classic
1014:RIGHT$
757:RIGHT$
327:INPUT A
83:Sigma 7
73:History
42:-based
20:SCELBAL
2426:QBasic
2411:MBASIC
2264:Gambas
2215:RapidQ
2169:Roslyn
2073:Morfik
2053:AutoIt
2034:object
2014:Xblite
2009:XBasic
1859:BasicX
1757:ZBasic
1752:UBASIC
1737:PBASIC
1732:CBASIC
1061:, and
753:LEFT$
708:, and
48:Mark-8
32:SCELBI
2032:With
1874:GRASS
1769:]
1700:Other
1452:BASIC
1363:(PDF)
1063:VAL$
1050:INPUT
1046:CHR$
1044:with
1011:PRINT
977:MID$
974:PRINT
942:PRINT
907:PRINT
869:PRINT
787:PRINT
761:MID$
655:CHR$
555:GO TO
463:INPUT
456:INPUT
449:PRINT
323:INPUT
281:PRINT
274:ASCII
262:PRINT
251:PRINT
2230:Xojo
2111:VSTA
2106:VSTO
2102:5.0
1999:QB64
1854:ASIC
1456:list
1119:Byte
1057:and
1003:and
743:and
578:NEXT
574:STEP
549:GOTO
511:and
435:SAVE
428:LOAD
414:LIST
370:SAVE
368:and
366:LOAD
248:THEN
242:<
225:THEN
219:<
201:GOTO
195:<
183:THEN
135:Byte
40:8080
38:and
2250:B4X
2179:RAD
2089:VBA
1884:LSE
1722:BAL
1637:B32
1059:ASC
1055:LEN
1042:CHR
1020:A$
1008:210
983:A$
945:A$
910:A$
904:210
872:A$
866:200
848:A$
845:LET
842:150
824:A$
821:LET
818:100
790:A$
775:A$
772:LET
726:DIM
710:ATN
706:LOG
702:EXP
698:COS
694:SIN
668:UDF
661:TAB
649:CHR
641:RND
634:SQR
627:ABS
620:SGN
613:INT
598:DIM
591:END
584:REM
499:LET
491:LET
485:LET
421:RUN
409:NEW
403:SCR
359:UDF
355:UDF
347:USR
343:SCR
339:NEW
308:160
302:CHR
296:172
290:CHR
270:TAB
266:CHR
257:.
228:100
204:100
56:RAM
2483::
2256:,
1767:zh
1639:,
1488:,
1332:^
1310:.
1280:^
1217:^
1190:^
1117:.
1099:.
1029:),
971:20
939:20
784:20
769:10
759:,
755:,
739:,
712:.
704:,
700:,
696:,
692:,
523:10
514:15
508:10
496:15
311:);
299:);
236:IF
213:IF
189:IF
185:,
175:IF
117:.
2260:)
2252:(
2226:)
2222:(
1826:-
1643:)
1635:(
1492:)
1458:)
1443:e
1436:t
1429:v
1263:.
1160:.
1071:+
1035:)
1032:2
1026:2
1023:(
1017:(
998:)
995:3
992:,
989:2
986:,
980:(
960:)
957:3
954:,
951:2
948:(
925:)
922:2
919::
916:2
913:(
893:)
890:3
887:;
884:2
881::
878:2
875:(
860:=
857:)
854:2
851:(
836:=
833:)
830:1
827:(
808:)
805:3
802:;
799:2
796::
793:(
778:=
657:.
545:.
520:=
517:X
505:=
502:X
478:C
475:,
472:B
469:,
466:A
305:(
293:(
287:;
254:X
245:Y
239:X
231:.
222:Y
216:X
207:.
198:Y
192:X
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.