Rutherford B. Hayes

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the political conventions, in the press, in the pulpit, in the circles of the educated and the talented, its influence is growing greater and greater. Excessive wealth in the hands of the few means extreme poverty, ignorance, vice, and wretchedness as the lot of the many. It is not yet time to debate about the remedy. The previous question is as to the danger—the evil. Let the people be fully informed and convinced as to the evil. Let them earnestly seek the remedy and it will be found. Fully to know the evil is the first step towards reaching its eradication.

15775: 1814:. Republicans promised concessions in exchange for Democratic acquiescence to the committee's decision. The main concession Hayes promised was the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and an acceptance of the election of Democratic governments in the remaining "unredeemed" southern states. The Democrats agreed, and on March 2, the filibuster was ended. Hayes was elected, but Reconstruction was finished, and freedmen were left at the mercy of white Democrats who did not intend to preserve their rights. On April 3, Hayes ordered Secretary of War 2513: 1746: 11751: 1850: 2682:. He journeyed across the continent, ultimately arriving in California, stopping first in Wyoming and then Utah and Nevada, reaching Sacramento and San Francisco. By railroad and stagecoach, the party traveled north to Oregon, arriving in Portland, and from there to Vancouver, Washington. Going by steamship, they visited Seattle, and then returned to San Francisco. Hayes then toured several southwestern states before returning to Ohio in November, in time to cast a vote in the 1880 presidential election. 2890: 15811: 1608: 1092: 2248: 15799: 15787: 2964: 8845: 7907: 1588:, he allowed anti-Catholic fervor to contribute to the enthusiasm for his candidacy. The campaign was a success, and on October 12, 1875, Hayes was returned to the governorship by a 5,544-vote majority. The first person to earn a third term as governor of Ohio, Hayes reduced the state debt, reestablished the Board of Charities, and repealed the Geghan Bill, which had allowed for the appointment of Catholic priests to schools and penitentiaries. 15873: 8855: 15856: 11758: 1572:, the grand house Birchard had built with them in mind. That year Hayes announced his uncle's bequest of $ 50,000 in assets to endow a public library for Fremont, to be called the Birchard Library. It opened in 1874 on Front Street, and a new building was completed and opened in 1878 in Fort Stephenson State Park, as per the terms of the bequest. Hayes served as chairman of the library's board of trustees until his death. 7581: 2898:

gathering of reformers that met in upstate New York to discuss racial issues. Hayes died of complications of a heart attack at his home on January 17, 1893, at the age of 70. His last words were "I know that I'm going where Lucy is." President-elect Cleveland and Ohio governor McKinley, who would be Cleveland's immediate successor in 1897, led the funeral procession that followed his body until Hayes was interred in

2655: 1425:, who succeeded to office following Lincoln's assassination, to the contrary wanted to readmit the seceded states quickly without first ensuring that they adopted laws protecting the newly freed slaves' civil rights; he also granted pardons to many of the leading former Confederates. Hayes, along with congressional Republicans, disagreed. They worked to reject Johnson's vision of Reconstruction and to pass the 15839: 3041:, built in 1893, at the Ohio State University. It is Ohio State's oldest remaining building, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 16, 1970, due to its front facade, which remains virtually untouched from its original appearance. Hayes knew the building would be named in his honor, but did not live to see it completed. The City of Delaware also erected a statue of Hayes. 1030:, during his time there. His mother had encouraged him to get to know Lucy years earlier, but Hayes had believed she was too young and focused his attention on other women. Four years later, Hayes began to spend more time with Lucy. They became engaged in 1851 and married on December 30, 1852, at Lucy's mother's house. Over the next five years, Lucy gave birth to three sons: Birchard Austin (1853), 1711:, an increasing number of immigrants and their descendants voted Democratic. Although Tilden won the popular vote and claimed 184 electoral votes, Republican leaders challenged the results and charged Democrats with fraud and voter suppression of blacks (who would otherwise have voted Republican) in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina. Republicans realized that if they held the three disputed 2808: 2753:. Hayes submitted the nomination in October 1877, but it aroused some dissent in the Senate because of Harlan's limited experience in public office. Harlan was nonetheless confirmed and served on the court for 34 years, voting (usually in the minority) for aggressive enforcement of the civil rights laws. In 1880, a second seat became vacant upon the resignation of Justice 2127:, the alleged ringleader. Hayes stopped granting new star route contracts but let existing contracts continue to be enforced. Democrats accused him of delaying proper investigation so as not to damage Republicans' chances in the 1880 elections but did not press the issue in their campaign literature, as members of both parties were implicated in the corruption. Historian 1378:. Asked by friends in Cincinnati to leave the army to campaign, he refused, saying that an "officer fit for duty who at this crisis would abandon his post to electioneer for a seat in Congress ought to be scalped." Instead, Hayes wrote several letters to the voters explaining his political positions and was elected by a 2,400-vote majority over the incumbent, Democrat 15763: 2642:, filed a lawsuit to contest Schurz's demand that they stay in Indian Territory. Overruling Schurz, Hayes set up a commission in 1880 that ruled the Ponca were free to return to their home territory in Nebraska or stay on their reservation in Indian Territory. The Ponca were awarded compensation for their land rights, which had been previously granted to the 1544:. Hayes declined, preferring to preserve party unity and retire to private life. He especially looked forward to spending time with his children, two of whom (daughter Fanny and son Scott) had been born in the past five years. Initially, Hayes tried to promote railway extensions to his hometown, Fremont. He also managed some real estate he had acquired in 1300:, tearing up railroad track as they advanced, but Hunter believed the troops at Lynchburg were too powerful, and Hayes and his brigade returned to West Virginia. Hayes thought Hunter lacked aggression, writing in a letter home that "General Crook would have taken Lynchburg." Before the army could make another attempt, Confederate General 2325:

the public was confident that they could redeem greenbacks for specie (gold), few did so; when the Act took effect in 1879, only $ 130,000 of the outstanding $ 346,000,000 in greenbacks were actually redeemed. Together with the Bland–Allison Act, the successful specie resumption effected a workable compromise between inflationists and

2067:—all supporters of Evarts, Conkling's New York rival—to the Senate for confirmation as their replacements. The Senate's Commerce Committee, chaired by Conkling, voted unanimously to reject the nominees. The full Senate rejected Roosevelt and Prince by a vote of 31–25, and confirmed Merritt only because Sharpe's term had expired. 2225:

workers returned to their jobs and some wage cuts remained in effect. But the public blamed the railroads for the strikes and violence, and they were compelled to improve working conditions and make no further cuts. Business leaders praised Hayes, but his own opinion was more equivocal; as he recorded in his diary:

2823:, he opposed the nomination of both Conkling and Arthur for the Vice Presidency, as well as opposing Grant's attempt to run for a third term. Hayes considered Grant a failure as president, and believed the president should have a single six-year term. He was gratified by the election of fellow Ohio Republican 1662:

man and supported civil service reform. In accordance with the custom of the time, the campaign was conducted by surrogates, with Hayes and Tilden remaining in their respective hometowns. The poor economic conditions made the party in power unpopular and made Hayes suspect he would lose the election.

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on September 14. Hayes led a charge against an entrenched position and was shot through his left arm, fracturing the bone. He had one of his men tie a handkerchief above the wound in an effort to stop the bleeding, and continued to lead his men in the battle. While resting, he ordered his men to meet

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leanings. Alcohol was not served again in the Hayes White House. Critics charged Hayes with parsimony, but Hayes spent more money (which came out of his personal budget) after the ban, ordering that any savings from eliminating alcohol be used on more lavish entertainment. His temperance policy also

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protested the order and sent troops to the border. The situation calmed as Díaz and Hayes agreed to jointly pursue bandits and Hayes agreed not to allow Mexican revolutionaries to raise armies in the United States. The violence along the border decreased, and in 1880 Hayes revoked the order allowing

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of 1875 required the treasury to redeem any outstanding greenbacks in gold, thus retiring them from circulation and restoring a single, gold-backed currency. Sherman agreed with Hayes's favorable opinion of the Act, and stockpiled gold in preparation for the exchange of greenbacks for gold. But once

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is strong when he portrays the rottenness of the present system. We are, to say the least, not yet ready for his remedy. We may reach and remove the difficulty by changes in the laws regulating corporations, descents of property, wills, trusts, taxation, and a host of other important interests, not

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In church it occurred to me that it is time for the public to hear that the giant evil and danger in this country, the danger which transcends all others, is the vast wealth owned or controlled by a few persons. Money is power. In Congress, in state legislatures, in city councils, in the courts, in

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In retirement, Hayes was troubled by the disparity between the rich and the poor, saying in an 1886 speech, "free government cannot long endure if property is largely in a few hands and large masses of people are unable to earn homes, education, and a support in old age." The next year, he recorded

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By July 29, the riots had ended and federal troops returned to their barracks. No federal troops had killed any of the strikers, or been killed themselves, but clashes between state militia troops and strikers resulted in deaths on both sides. The railroads were victorious in the short term, as the

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exploded into riots next, but Hayes was reluctant to send in troops without the governor's request. Other discontented citizens joined the railroad workers in rioting. After a few days, Hayes resolved to send in troops to protect federal property wherever it appeared to be threatened and gave Major

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of the South with the recently passed civil rights laws by distributing patronage among southern Democrats. "My task was to wipe out the color line, to abolish sectionalism, to end the war and bring peace," he wrote in his diary. "To do this, I was ready to resort to unusual measures and to risk my

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was controlled by a majority of Democrats, and they refused to appropriate enough funds for the army to continue to garrison the South. Even among Republicans, devotion to continued military Reconstruction was fading in the face of persistent Southern insurgency and violence. Only two states, South

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On November 11, three days after election day, Tilden appeared to have won 184 electoral votes, one short of a majority. Hayes appeared to have 166, with the 19 votes of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina still in doubt. Republicans and Democrats each claimed victory in the three latter states,

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and drove them back. In November, Hayes was promoted to lieutenant colonel (Matthews having been promoted to colonel of another regiment) and led his troops deeper into western Virginia, where they entered winter quarters. The division resumed its advance the following spring, and Hayes led several

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storekeeper, had taken the family to Ohio in 1817. He died ten weeks before Rutherford's birth. Sophia took charge of the family, raising Hayes and his sister, Fanny, the only two of the four children to survive to adulthood. She never remarried, and Sophia's younger brother, Sardis Birchard, lived

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later wrote that Hayes "hardly knew the chief suspect and certainly had no connection with the corruption." Although Hayes and the Congress both investigated the contracts and found no compelling evidence of wrongdoing, Brady and others were indicted for conspiracy in 1882. After two trials, the

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and the effects of the Panic of 1873 grew worse, making it more expensive for debtors to pay debts they had contracted when currency was less valuable. Farmers and laborers, especially, clamored for the return of coinage in both metals, believing the increased money supply would restore wages and

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were known for their policy of keeping an alcohol-free White House, giving rise to her nickname "Lemonade Lucy." The first reception at the Hayes White House included wine, but Hayes was dismayed at drunken behavior at receptions hosted by ambassadors around Washington, leading him to follow his

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At the time of the 1876 election only three states, Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana, still had Republican governments. In Florida the Democrats won the governor's election and controlled the state house, leaving South Carolina and Louisiana as the only states where Republican regimes were

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policies throughout his career, but the first major act of his presidency was an end to Reconstruction and the return of the South to "home rule". Even without the conditions of the Wormley's Hotel agreement, Hayes would have been hard-pressed to continue his predecessors' policies. The House of

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voting. The Republicans emphasized the danger of letting Democrats run the nation so soon after Southern Democrats had provoked the Civil War and, to a lesser extent, the danger a Democratic administration would pose to the recently won civil rights of southern blacks. Democrats, for their part,

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A popular Congressman and former Army officer, Hayes was considered by Ohio Republicans to be an excellent standard-bearer for the 1867 election campaign. His political views were more moderate than the Republican party's platform, although he agreed with the proposed amendment to the Ohio state

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Hayes was greatly saddened by his wife's death in 1889. When she died, he wrote, "the soul had left ". After Lucy's death, Hayes's daughter Fanny became his traveling companion, and he enjoyed visits from his grandchildren. In 1890, he chaired the Lake Mohonk Conference on the Negro Question, a

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home during the war for the relative peace of Vermont. His mother's ancestors migrated to Vermont at a similar time. Hayes wrote: "I have always thought of myself as Scotch, but of the fathers of my family who came to America about thirty were English and two only, Hayes and Rutherford, were of

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The Democrats did not have enough votes to override the veto, but they passed a new bill with the same rider. Hayes vetoed that bill too, and the process was repeated three more times. Finally, Congress passed a bill without the offensive rider, but refused to pass another bill to fund federal

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that would be ruinous to business, effectively impairing contracts that were based on the gold dollar, as the silver dollar proposed in the bill would have an intrinsic value of 90 to 92 percent of the existing gold dollar. He also believed that inflating the currency was dishonest, saying,

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There was considerable debate about which person or house of Congress was authorized to decide between the competing slates of electors, with the Republican Senate and the Democratic House each claiming priority. By January 1877, with the question still unresolved, Congress and President

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Hayes's later attempts to protect the rights of southern blacks were ineffective, as were his attempts to rebuild Republican strength in the South. But he did defeat Congress's efforts to curtail federal power to monitor federal elections. Democrats in Congress passed an army

1070:, a slave state, it was a destination for escaping slaves and many such cases were tried in its courts. A staunch abolitionist, Hayes found his work on behalf of fugitive slaves personally gratifying as well as politically useful, as it raised his profile in the newly formed 2401:

firmly. In a message to Congress, Hayes explained his opinion on the canal: "The policy of this country is a canal under American control ... The United States cannot consent to the surrender of this control to any European power or any combination of European powers."

1939:. Chapters had flourished across the South and it had been one of the insurgent groups that attacked and suppressed freedmen. Those Acts, passed during Reconstruction, made it a crime to prevent someone from voting because of his race. Other paramilitary groups, such as the 2846:

Hayes became an advocate for educational charities and federal education subsidies for all children. He believed education was the best way to heal the rifts in American society and allow people to improve themselves. In 1887 Hayes was appointed to the Board of Trustees of

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Hayes's political reputation rose with his professional plaudits. He declined a Republican nomination for a judgeship in 1856. Two years later, some Republicans proposed that Hayes fill a vacancy on the bench, and he considered accepting the appointment until the office of

2540:. Hayes and Schurz carried out a policy that included assimilation into white culture, educational training, and dividing Indian land into individual household allotments. Hayes believed his policies would lead to self-sufficiency and peace between Indians and whites. The 1873:. In his inaugural address, Hayes attempted to soothe the passions of the past few months, saying that "he serves his party best who serves his country best". He pledged to support "wise, honest, and peaceful local self-government" in the South, as well as reform of the 1112:

to restore the Union. Considering that the two sides might be irreconcilable, he suggested that the Union "et them go." Though Ohio had voted for Lincoln in 1860, Cincinnati voters turned against the Republican party after secession. Its residents included many from the

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as the favorite. Blaine started with a significant lead in the delegate count, but could not muster a majority. As he failed to gain votes, the delegates looked elsewhere for a nominee and settled on Hayes on the seventh ballot. The convention selected Representative

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against the railroad workers. It remains the deadliest conflict between workers and strikebreakers in American history. As president, Hayes implemented modest civil-service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the

1794:, believed to be the most independent-minded of them, was selected to take Davis's place on the commission. The Commission met in February and the eight Republicans voted to award all 20 electoral votes to Hayes. Democrats, outraged by the result, attempted a 2548:

in 1887, was favored by liberal reformers at the time, including Schurz, but instead proved detrimental to American Indians. They lost much of their land through sales of what the government classified as "surplus lands", and more to unscrupulous white

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in 1879, abrogating the 1868 treaty. Hayes vetoed the bill, believing that the United States should not abrogate treaties without negotiation. The veto drew praise from Northeastern New England Republicans, but Hayes was bitterly denounced in the

1261:. Returning to Charleston for the rest of the summer, Hayes spent the fall encouraging the men of the 23rd Ohio to reenlist, and many did. In 1864, the Army command structure in West Virginia was reorganized, and Hayes's division was assigned to 1345:. Around this time, Hayes learned of the birth of his fourth son, George Crook Hayes. The army went into winter quarters once more, and in spring 1865 the war quickly came to a close with Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox. Hayes visited 2488:

shortly after his second term. Hayes was aware of Grant's popularity in Europe and encouraged Grant to extend his tour in the hope that it would improve various foreign relations and strengthen American interests abroad. When Grant was in

1477:. Both men campaigned vigorously, making speeches across the state, mostly focusing on the suffrage question. The election was mostly a disappointment to Republicans, as the amendment failed to pass and Democrats gained a majority in the 1552:

appointment, but was disappointed to receive only an appointment as assistant U.S. treasurer at Cincinnati, which he turned down. He agreed to be nominated for his old House seat in 1872 but was disappointed when he lost the election to

2078:, respectively. Conkling opposed confirmation of the appointees when the Senate reconvened in February 1879, but Merritt was approved by a vote of 31–25 and Burt by 31–19, giving Hayes his most significant civil service reform victory. 15352: 1329:

on October 19. At Cedar Creek, Hayes sprained his ankle after being thrown from a horse and was struck in the head by a spent round, which did not cause serious damage. His leadership and bravery drew his superiors' attention, with

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Hayes hoped to stay out of politics in order to pay off the debts he had incurred during the Panic, but when the Republican state convention nominated him for governor in 1875, he accepted. His campaign against Democratic nominee

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to prevent Congress from accepting the commission's findings. Eventually, the filibusterers gave up, allowing the House and Senate to reassemble to complete the count of the electoral votes, and at 4:10 am on March 2, Senator

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Hayes had begun his law practice dealing primarily with commercial issues but won greater prominence in Cincinnati as a criminal defense attorney, defending several people accused of murder. In one case, he used a form of the

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and urged his conviction, which failed by one vote in the United States Senate. Nominated for a second term in 1869, Hayes campaigned again for equal rights for black Ohioans and sought to associate his Democratic opponent,

14241: 748:" faction. He served in Congress from 1865 to 1867 and was elected governor of Ohio, serving two consecutive terms from 1868 to 1872 and half of a third two-year term from 1876 to 1877 before his swearing-in as president. 1308:

on July 24, where Hayes was slightly wounded by a bullet to the shoulder. He also had a horse shot out from under him, and the army was defeated. Retreating to Maryland, the army was reorganized again, with Major General

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own standing and reputation within my party and the country." All his efforts were in vain; Hayes failed to persuade the South to accept legal racial equality or to convince Congress to appropriate funds to enforce the

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remedy. Can't something done by education of strikers, by judicious control of capitalists, by wise general policy to end or diminish the evil? The railroad strikers, as a rule, are good men, sober, intelligent, and

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elected Davis to the Senate, hoping to sway his vote. Davis disappointed Democrats by refusing to serve on the Commission because of his election to the Senate. As all the remaining Justices were Republicans, Justice

1003:. Herron later joined a more established firm and Hayes formed a new partnership with William K. Rogers and Richard M. Corwine. He found business better in Cincinnati, and enjoyed its social attractions, joining the 1273:, where Hayes and his men charged the enemy entrenchments and drove the rebels from the field. Following the rout, the Union forces destroyed Confederate supplies and again successfully skirmished with the enemy. 1983:, or pro-spoils, branch of the Republican party. Senators of both parties were accustomed to being consulted about political appointments and turned against Hayes. Foremost among his enemies was New York Senator 2996:

Hayes had arbitrated and decided an 1878 dispute between Argentina and Paraguay in favor of Paraguay, giving Paraguay 60% of its current territory. This led to the naming of a province in the region after him:

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Scotch descent. This is on my father's side. On my mother's side, the whole thirty-two were probably all of other peoples besides the Scotch." Most of his close relatives outside Ohio continued to live there.

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entered the White House, he resubmitted Matthews's nomination to the Senate, which this time confirmed Matthews by one vote, 24 to 23. Matthews served for eight years until his death in 1889. His opinion in

2773:. Woods served six years on the Court, ultimately proving a disappointment to Hayes as he interpreted the Constitution in a manner more similar to that of Southern Democrats than to Hayes's own preferences. 11084: 1082:

also became vacant. The city council elected Hayes city solicitor to fill the vacancy, and he was elected to a full two-year term in April 1859 by a larger majority than other Republicans on the ticket.

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Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th U.S. president, doesn't get much respect. He's remembered, if at all, for losing the popular vote in 1876 but winning the presidency through Electoral College maneuvering.

1509:, which guaranteed black (male) suffrage. With a Republican legislature, Hayes's second term was more enjoyable. Suffrage was expanded and a state Agricultural and Mechanical College (later to become 1651:

asked whether the Republican Party would continue its devotion to protecting black civil rights or "get along without the vote of the black man in the South", Hayes and Wheeler advocated the latter.

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in 1865. His supporters have praised his commitment to civil-service reform; his critics have derided his leniency toward former Confederate states as well as his withdrawal of federal support for

2855:, as well as academic, education: "I preach the gospel of work," he wrote, "I believe in skilled labor as a part of education." He urged Congress, unsuccessfully, to pass a bill written by Senator 3457: 2835:. He served as commander-in-chief (national president) of the Loyal Legion from 1888 until his death in 1893. Although he remained a loyal Republican, Hayes was not too disappointed in Democrat 1742:(a state Hayes had won) was disqualified, reducing Hayes's total to 165, and raising the disputed votes to 20. If Hayes was not awarded all 20 disputed votes, Tilden would be elected president. 2089:

to Congress in 1880 to appeal for reform. Reform legislation did not pass during Hayes's presidency, but his advocacy provided "a significant precedent as well as the political impetus for the

1513:) was established. He also proposed a reduction in state taxes and reform of the state prison system. Choosing not to seek reelection, Hayes looked forward to retiring from politics in 1872. 2409:

also drew Hayes's attention. Throughout the 1870s, "lawless bands" often crossed the border on raids into Texas. Three months after taking office, Hayes granted the Army the power to pursue

2097:, secretary of the Republican Congressional Committee, to solicit campaign contributions from federal officeholders during the Congressional elections of 1878. In 1880, Hayes quickly forced 2020:, which was stacked with Conkling's spoilsmen. Jay's report suggested that the New York Custom House was so overstaffed with political appointees that 20% of the employees were expendable. 971:). Business was slow at first, but he gradually attracted clients and also represented his uncle Sardis in real estate litigation. In 1847 Hayes became ill with what his doctor thought was 6611: 14586: 15943: 12835: 1881:. Despite his message of conciliation, many Democrats never considered Hayes's election legitimate and referred to him as "Rutherfraud" or "His Fraudulency" for the next four years. 15498: 15065: 14989: 14877: 14816: 14765: 2320:

first issued during the Civil War. The government accepted these notes as valid for payment of taxes and tariffs, but unlike ordinary dollars, they were not redeemable in gold. The

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The campaign strategy of Hayes and Wheeler emphasized conciliatory appeals to the Southern Whiggish element, attempting to "detach" old Southern Whigs from Southern Democrats. When

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has written that Hayes's greatest achievement was to restore popular faith in the presidency and reverse the deterioration of executive power that had established itself after the

14501: 14487: 7552: 3096: 2158:. To make up for financial losses suffered since the panic of 1873, the major railroads had cut their employees' wages several times in 1877. In July of that year, workers at the 16043: 2646:. In a message to Congress in February 1881, Hayes insisted he would "give to these injured people that measure of redress which is required alike by justice and by humanity." 10095: 1334:

later writing of Hayes, "is conduct on the field was marked by conspicuous gallantry as well as the display of qualities of a higher order than that of mere personal daring."

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in the Carolinas, however, had intimidated freedmen and suppressed the vote. Hayes was determined to preserve the law protecting black voters, and vetoed the appropriation.

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marshals, who were vital to the enforcement of the Enforcement Acts. The election laws remained in effect, but the funds to enforce them were curtailed for the time being.

13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 1505:, with disunion and Confederate sympathies. Hayes was reelected with an increased majority, and the Republicans took the legislature, ensuring Ohio's ratification of the 861:, an uncle by marriage, had been his father's business partner in Vermont and was later elected to Congress. His first cousin, Mary Jane Mead, was the mother of sculptor 10088: 8950: 8072: 2734: 15128: 8891: 2455: 1619:

Hayes's success in Ohio immediately elevated him to the top ranks of Republican politicians under consideration for the presidency in 1876. The Ohio delegation to the

16058: 15707: 15464: 15108: 2055:, all Conkling supporters, refused to obey the order. In September 1877, Hayes demanded their resignations, which they refused to give. He submitted appointments of 10721: 10716: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 2948:

In 1922 the U.S. Post Office issued its first postage stamp honoring Hayes, 29 years after his death, on the 100th anniversary of his birth. Another Hayes stamp,

2784:, a friend of both men. Many senators objected to the appointment, believing that Matthews was too close to corporate and railroad interests, especially those of 15983: 14832: 7790: 2832: 2717: 1058:

that saved the accused from the gallows; she was instead confined to a mental institution. Hayes also defended slaves who had escaped and been accused under the

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that would have allowed federal aid for education for the first time. In 1889 Hayes gave a speech encouraging black students to apply for scholarships from the

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raids against the rebel forces, on one of which he sustained a minor injury to his knee. That September, Hayes's regiment was called east to reinforce General

808: 2839:'s election to the presidency in 1884, approving of Cleveland's views on civil service reform. He was also pleased at the progress of the political career of 2288:

proposed a bill to require the United States to coin as much silver as miners could sell the government, thus increasing the money supply and aiding debtors.

15928: 14781: 1693: 1506: 15196: 4672: 15978: 7493: 6536: 2305:"xpediency and justice both demand an honest currency." He vetoed the bill, but Congress overrode his veto, the only time it did so during his presidency. 1699:

As the returns were tallied on election day, it was clear that the race was close: Democrats had carried most of the South, as well as New York, Indiana,

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Carolina and Louisiana, were still under Reconstruction's sway when Hayes assumed the presidency on March 5. On April 3, Hayes ordered Secretary of War

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but the results in those states were rendered uncertain because of fraud by both parties. To further complicate matters, one of the three electors from

15998: 15948: 15445: 6630: 2741:. The first vacancy occurred when David Davis resigned to enter the Senate during the election controversy of 1876. On taking office, Hayes appointed 1658:, the governor of New York. Tilden was considered a formidable adversary who, like Hayes, had a reputation for honesty. Also like Hayes, Tilden was a 16033: 15440: 14283: 924:

in 1838. He enjoyed his time at Kenyon, and was successful scholastically; while there, he joined several student societies and became interested in

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to succeed him, and consulted with him on appointments for the next administration. After Garfield's inauguration, Hayes and his family returned to

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overall command of the situation, marking the first use of federal troops to break a strike against a private company. The riots spread further, to

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men and, as the world economy began to improve, agitation for more greenbacks and silver coinage quieted down for the rest of Hayes's presidency.

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asked Hayes to send federal troops to Martinsburg, and Hayes did so, but when the troops arrived there was no riot, only a peaceful protest. In

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ministers. Although Secretary Evarts quipped that at the White House dinners, "water flowed like wine," the policy was a success in convincing

1481:. Hayes thought at first that he, too, had lost, but the final tally showed that he had won the election by 2,983 votes of 484,603 votes cast. 1313:

replacing Hunter. By August, Early was retreating up the valley, with Sheridan in pursuit. Hayes's troops fended off a Confederate assault at

759:. Hayes lost the popular vote to Tilden; neither candidate secured enough electoral votes to win the election. Hayes secured a victory when a 15314: 14637: 14601: 14392: 14066: 12710: 10611: 8730: 7617: 807:. At the end of his term, Hayes kept his pledge not to run for reelection and retired to his home in Ohio. Historians and scholars generally 3219: 979:, but on his doctor's advice instead visited family in New England. Returning from there, Hayes and his uncle Sardis made a long journey to 15682: 12598: 9735: 9715: 9695: 9675: 9655: 9635: 9615: 9595: 9575: 9555: 9535: 9515: 9495: 9475: 9455: 9435: 9415: 9395: 9375: 9355: 9335: 9315: 9295: 9275: 9255: 9235: 9215: 9195: 9175: 8805: 8780: 8745: 8720: 1413:, for which Hayes voted and which passed both houses of Congress in June 1866. Hayes's beliefs were in line with his fellow Republicans on 1269:. Advancing into southwestern Virginia, they destroyed Confederate salt and lead mines there. On May 9, they engaged Confederate troops at 16048: 11364: 11143: 11031: 8725: 2275:

stopped the coinage of silver for all coins worth a dollar or more, effectively tying the dollar to the value of gold. As a result, the

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hurt business prospects across the nation, including Hayes's. His uncle Sardis Birchard died that year, and the Hayes family moved into

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government and equal treatment without regard to wealth, social standing, or race. One of the defining events of his presidency was the

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The elector, John W. Watts, was disqualified because he held "an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States", in violation of

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of 1883," which was signed into law by President Chester Arthur. Hayes allowed some exceptions to the ban on assessments, permitting

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that forbade federal office holders from being required to make campaign contributions or otherwise taking part in party politics.

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Stuart, Paul (September 1977). "United States Indian Policy: From the Dawes Act to the American Indian Policy Review Commission".

987:, a Kenyon classmate and distant relative. Business remained meager on his return to Lower Sandusky, and Hayes decided to move to 491: 16003: 15958: 14647: 14315: 13999: 13927: 13890: 13865: 13783: 13716: 13649: 13602: 13577: 13500: 13448: 13381: 13324: 13262: 13200: 12985: 12980: 12556: 12443: 12390: 11148: 10357: 10202: 9754: 9002: 8858: 8825: 8820: 8810: 8795: 8218: 7806: 7638: 7333:

Paul, Ezra (Winter 1998). "Congressional Relations and Public Relations in the Administration of Rutherford B. Hayes (1877–81)".

2942: 2638:) because of a misunderstanding during the Grant administration. The tribe's problems came to Hayes's attention after its chief, 2006: 1995: 1890: 1684: 1414: 833:

with the family for a time. He was always close to Hayes and became a father figure to him, contributing to his early education.

729:, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the 601: 2070:

Hayes was forced to wait until July 1878, when he fired Arthur and Cornell during a Congressional recess and replaced them with

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still supported by federal troops. Without troops to enforce the voting rights laws, these soon fell to Democratic control.

1769:, which would be authorized to determine the fate of the disputed electoral votes. The commission was to be made up of five 15227: 14733: 14233: 14122: 14117: 14087: 14061: 14019: 14009: 13957: 13952: 13932: 13905: 13823: 13818: 13793: 13736: 13726: 13674: 13669: 13654: 13622: 13540: 13535: 13510: 13458: 13401: 13386: 13297: 13292: 13282: 13267: 13205: 13072: 13067: 12142: 8918: 8830: 7961: 7717: 2394: 1975:'s presidency. Instead of giving federal jobs to political supporters, Hayes wished to award them by merit according to an 1803:

announced that Hayes and Wheeler had been elected to the presidency and vice presidency by an electoral margin of 185–184.

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assembled in December 1865, Hayes was sworn in as a part of a large Republican majority. Hayes identified with the party's

1375: 760: 250: 2123:" rings, a system of corrupt contract profiteering in the Postal Service, and to fire Second Assistant Postmaster-General 16023: 15913: 15908: 15879: 15827: 15589: 14791: 14720: 14715: 14642: 14142: 14092: 14082: 14056: 13982: 13922: 13848: 13798: 13788: 13778: 13694: 13644: 13627: 13560: 13515: 13505: 13495: 13478: 13426: 13364: 13329: 13307: 13272: 13240: 13190: 13057: 13052: 13023: 13018: 13004: 12999: 12975: 12941: 12779: 12531: 12125: 11405: 10910: 9743: 9722: 9702: 9682: 9662: 9642: 9622: 9602: 9582: 9562: 9542: 9522: 9502: 9482: 9462: 9442: 9422: 9402: 9382: 9362: 9342: 9322: 9302: 9282: 9262: 9242: 9222: 9202: 9182: 9158: 9145: 9132: 9119: 9106: 9093: 9080: 9067: 9054: 9041: 9028: 9015: 8989: 8976: 8559: 7745: 7707: 7533: 6704: 2820: 2754: 2098: 1940: 1924: 1869:, the first president to do so in the Executive Mansion. He took the oath publicly on March 5 on the East Portico of the 1782: 1620: 1135:, Hayes resolved his doubts and joined a volunteer company composed of his Literary Society friends. That June, Governor 102: 2429:

with China, allowing an unrestricted flow of Chinese immigrants into the United States. As the economy soured after the

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to reduce fraud and gave Indians responsibility for policing their reservations, but they were generally understaffed.

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Republican governments still barely ruled, amid recurring political violence, including widespread efforts to suppress

1152: 6062: 2674:. (Hayes's immediate predecessor, Ulysses Grant, visited Utah in 1875.) Hayes's traveling party included his wife and 2296:, offered an amendment in the Senate limiting the coinage to two to four million dollars per month, and the resulting 2104:

to resign after Thompson accepted a $ 25,000 (~$ 677,772 in 2023) salary for a nominal job offered by French engineer

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Eventually, his men brought Hayes back behind their lines, and he was taken to hospital. The regiment continued on to

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ended when Schurz negotiated peace with the Ute and prevented white settlers from taking revenge for Meeker's death.

2406: 2195: 2044: 1839: 1716: 1433: 1385: 1338: 1227: 1047: 722: 533: 6612:"Rating the Presidents of the United States, 1789–2000: A Survey of Scholars in History, Political Science, and Law" 1615:

campaign poster depicting the Hayes-Wheeler ticket, the last and rarest in the firm's "Grand National Banner" series

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in spring 1878 in Idaho and raided nearby settlements before being defeated by Howard's army in July. War with the

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bill that attracted the votes of many reform-minded Republicans. Hayes continued to vote with the majority in the

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As a Republican governor with a Democratic legislature, Hayes had a limited role in governing, especially since

1321:, where they broke the enemy lines and pursued them farther south. They followed up the victory with another at 15973: 14482: 12487: 12462: 12403: 12118: 11650: 11455: 11256: 10990: 10905: 10855: 10562: 9808: 9778: 8957: 8489: 8419: 8369: 8319: 8269: 8227: 8159: 7641: 2600:, where they were forced to remain until 1885. The Nez Perce war was not the last conflict in the West, as the 2485: 707: 83: 61: 1166:

After a month of training, Hayes and the 23rd Ohio set out for western Virginia in July 1861 as a part of the

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Hayes took office determined to reform the system of civil service appointments, which had been based on the

1497: 1342: 1270: 1129: 901: 787: 776: 623: 538: 1785:, an independent respected by both parties, as the 15th member. The balance was upset when Democrats in the 1212:

a flanking attack, but instead his entire command moved backward, leaving Hayes lying in between the lines.

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Republican businessmen acquiesced to Hayes's election on the condition that he end both federal support for

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that Hayes had personally sent by for Grant's winter cruise about the Mediterranean and journey to Egypt.

2159: 1367: 1289: 1180: 1121:, who combined to sweep the city elections in April 1861, ejecting Hayes from the city solicitor's office. 1861:

Because March 4, 1877, was a Sunday, Hayes took the oath of office privately on Saturday, March 3, in the

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In his first year in office, Hayes was faced with the United States' largest labor uprising to date, the

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For the remainder of his term, Hayes pressed Congress to enact permanent reform legislation and fund the

1990:

To show his commitment to reform, Hayes appointed one of the best-known advocates of reform at the time,

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As Hayes prepared to leave office, several delegations of reform-minded Republicans urged him to run for

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that all applicants would take. Hayes's call for reform immediately brought him into conflict with the

1904: 1819: 1786: 1708: 1350: 1322: 1305: 1059: 925: 849: 768: 643: 638: 633: 360: 14898: 8359: 7023: 7012: 6911: 2678:, who helped organize the trip. Hayes began his trip in September 1880, departing from Chicago on the 1644:

for vice president, a man about whom Hayes had recently asked, "I am ashamed to say: who is Wheeler?"

15779: 15595: 15485: 15405: 15365: 15035: 14743: 14591: 14335: 14305: 12725: 12198: 12059: 11373: 11261: 10965: 10930: 10885: 10875: 10860: 10850: 10815: 10780: 9856: 8619: 7649: 6260: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5277: 5275: 5273: 4233:"To Pass a Resolution to Impeach the President. (P. 320-2, 321-2). -- House Vote #418 -- Jan 7, 1867" 3244: 2956:. In 2011, the U.S. Mint released a "Golden Dollar", the first item of U.S. currency to honor Hayes. 2679: 2171: 1976: 1250: 1200: 1188: 964: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 15938: 15845: 15201: 15088: 14867: 14467: 14462: 14278: 14273: 11779: 11545: 11026: 11000: 10975: 10880: 10825: 10820: 10800: 10765: 10755: 8339: 8259: 8127: 7677: 7488: 6531: 2781: 2726: 2675: 2659: 2593: 2554: 2537: 2146: 1956: 1577: 1426: 1353:, after which he and the 23rd Ohio returned to their home state to be mustered out of the service. 1281: 1208: 1171: 1148: 976: 929: 730: 606: 596: 511: 175: 7566: 7448:

Thelen, David P. (Summer 1970). "Rutherford B. Hayes and the Reform Tradition in the Gilded Age".

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The Cincinnati Historical Society Bulletin Volumes 33–34 Cincinnati Historical Society 1975: p. 51

1521: 1050:. She influenced her husband's views on those issues, though he never formally joined her church. 15697: 15516: 15294: 15278: 15169: 15010: 14847: 14786: 14477: 14256: 12293: 11540: 11450: 10935: 10890: 10830: 10805: 10760: 10527: 10422: 8699: 8117: 8052: 8026: 8016: 7506: 5827: 5142: 3009:, the anniversary of the decision, celebrated in Presidente Hayes province; a local soccer team: 2056: 1781:. To ensure partisan balance, there would be seven Democrats and seven Republicans, with Justice 1417:

issues: that the South should be restored to the Union, but not without adequate protections for

1220: 905: 866: 858: 230: 2749:'s campaign manager at the 1876 Republican convention, and Hayes had earlier considered him for 2005:

to lead a special cabinet committee charged with drawing up new rules for federal appointments.

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power. Despite these constraints, he oversaw the establishment of a school for deaf-mutes and a

15672: 15561: 15395: 15180: 14837: 12799: 12376: 12288: 11113: 10845: 10810: 10402: 10372: 9170: 8325: 8204: 7836: 7740: 4560: 4558: 4556: 3021: 2425:, Hayes's biggest foreign-policy concern dealt with China. In 1868 the Senate had ratified the 2210: 1862: 1114: 933: 745: 15862: 6585: 1627:

did all in his power to get Hayes the nomination. In June 1876, the convention assembled with

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Hayes moved to Cincinnati in 1850, and opened a law office with John W. Herron, a lawyer from

828:, on October 4, 1822, to Rutherford Ezekiel Hayes, Jr. and Sophia Birchard. Hayes's father, a 767:. The electoral dispute was resolved with a backroom deal whereby both Southern Democrats and 16018: 15968: 15646: 15582: 15191: 15045: 15005: 14960: 14310: 12929: 12193: 11685: 11342: 11198: 10970: 10925: 9410: 8555: 7831: 7785: 7692: 7682: 7277: 3010: 2848: 2758: 2667: 2580:. Howard's men defeated the Nez Perce in battle, and the tribe began a 1,700-mile retreat to 2474: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2297: 2179: 2094: 2017: 1870: 1549: 1510: 1478: 1326: 1266: 1170:. They did not meet the enemy until September, when the regiment encountered Confederates at 1156: 1144: 1136: 1132: 862: 853: 796: 648: 6756: 5066: 4789: 4553: 2445:, formed with an emphasis on stopping Chinese immigration. In response, Congress passed the 15918: 15903: 15815: 14507: 14409: 14222: 12899: 12825: 12774: 12258: 12213: 12158: 11510: 11228: 11218: 10487: 10482: 10472: 10322: 10317: 10226: 10208: 10196: 10184: 10172: 10166: 9386: 9366: 9190: 9186: 9140: 8575: 7826: 3006: 2742: 2470: 2378: 2105: 2064: 1907:

to their barracks. On April 20, he ordered McCrary to send the federal troops stationed at

1822:

to their barracks. On April 20, he ordered McCrary to send the federal troops stationed at

1774: 1537: 1314: 1219:, but Hayes was out of action for the rest of the campaign. In October, he was promoted to 8: 16008: 15524: 15451: 15385: 15346: 15263: 15186: 14974: 14801: 14748: 14682: 14596: 14574: 14554: 14356: 14289: 12700: 12539: 12208: 12074: 11919: 11844: 11410: 11181: 10392: 10130: 9162: 9149: 8928: 8505: 7874: 7820: 7510: 3061: 2696: 2494: 2466: 2326: 2309: 2272: 2218: 2101: 1980: 1928: 1502: 1453: 1406: 1297: 1293: 1192: 1035: 870: 628: 421: 39: 31: 7098: 3361: 2722: 15458: 15286: 15270: 15232: 15123: 15040: 15025: 15015: 14954: 14908: 14688: 14677: 14268: 13077: 12607: 12303: 12233: 12039: 12024: 11984: 11969: 11879: 11680: 11213: 11078: 10507: 10447: 10337: 10232: 10214: 10190: 10112: 9957: 9939: 9136: 9127: 9049: 8938: 8933: 8923: 8495: 7971: 7755: 7712: 7465: 7436: 7407: 7399: 7370: 7342: 7321: 7301: 7289: 7137: 7070: 7036:

The Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President of the United States

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The Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President of the United States

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The Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President of the United States

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Wilson, Scott; Mank, Gregory W. (forward) (2016). "Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, #5668".

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in 1886 advanced his and Hayes's views on the protection of ethnic minorities' rights.

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Although he could not convince Congress to prohibit the spoils system, Hayes issued an

1811: 1807: 1728: 1648: 1637: 1304:'s raid into Maryland forced their recall to the north. Early's army surprised them at 1216: 1140: 1109: 956: 791: 772: 764: 733:

in 1862. He earned a reputation for bravery in combat, rising in the ranks to serve as

726: 591: 556: 455: 287: 108: 8980: 3651: 2788:, and the Senate adjourned without voting on the nomination. The following year, when 2337: 1207:. Marching north, the 23rd was the lead regiment encountering the Confederates at the 848:. Hayes's great-grandfather Ezekiel Hayes was a militia captain in Connecticut in the 15651: 15505: 15164: 14754: 14520: 14325: 13038: 12820: 12470: 12423: 12268: 12203: 11989: 11949: 11909: 11874: 11859: 11670: 11640: 11580: 11575: 11560: 11475: 11425: 11223: 10557: 10532: 10512: 10462: 10437: 10417: 10407: 10367: 10342: 10244: 10142: 10005: 9993: 9981: 9963: 9927: 9790: 9566: 9546: 9530: 9510: 9430: 9310: 9206: 9097: 9084: 9062: 9058: 8984: 8645: 8595: 8525: 8465: 8445: 8435: 8295: 8245: 8169: 8085: 7896: 7590: 7411: 7254: 7233: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7185: 7166: 7143: 7122: 7080: 7056: 6995: 6973: 6951: 6930: 6923: 6893: 6872: 6850: 6831: 6591: 6566: 6556: 3125: 3057: 2927: 2852: 2824: 2789: 2553:

who tried to get the Indians to sell their allotments. Hayes and Schurz reformed the

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negotiated with the Chinese to do so. Congress passed a new law to that effect, the

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southern states together with some of the western states, they would emerge with an

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As inauguration day neared, Republican and Democratic Congressional leaders met at

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In 1873, Lucy gave birth to another son, Manning Force Hayes. That same year, the

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for the sake of party unity. The major legislative effort of the Congress was the

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The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution

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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio

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The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879

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Ohio in the War: The history of her regiments, and other military organizations

7046: 7039:. Vol. 3. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society. 7028:. Vol. 2. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society. 7017:. Vol. 1. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society. 5749: 5747: 4634: 4618: 4537: 4466: 4438: 4354: 4290: 4154: 4133: 4003: 3747: 3220:""Betrayal of the Freedman: Rutherford B. Hayes and the End of Reconstruction"" 2919: 2889: 2856: 2601: 2350: 1972: 1676: 1558: 1474: 1422: 1390: 1379: 1139:

appointed several of the officers of the volunteer company to positions in the

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Smith, Thomas A. (1980). "Before Hyde Park: The Rutherford B. Hayes Library".

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Citizen of a Wider Commonwealth: Ulysses S. Grant's Postpresidential Diplomacy

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About the Vice President | William A. Wheeler, 19th Vice President (1877-1881)

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Returning to private practice, Hayes formed a very brief law partnership with

900:. He did well at Norwalk, and the next year transferred to the Webb School, a 15892: 15677: 15641: 15542: 15237: 15020: 14984: 14944: 12919: 12769: 12348: 12333: 12283: 12178: 12019: 12009: 11999: 11979: 11964: 11954: 11944: 11834: 11824: 11819: 11789: 11675: 11665: 11615: 11570: 11465: 11440: 11430: 11400: 11395: 11281: 10606: 10547: 10432: 10256: 9987: 9526: 9506: 9466: 9446: 9406: 9390: 9370: 9114: 9101: 9075: 8635: 8605: 8345: 8275: 7697: 7542: 7094: 6570: 4954:"HarpWeek | Hayes vs. Tilden: The Electoral College Controversy of 1876-1877" 4262: 3703: 3490: 3198: 3196: 3083: 2938: 2907: 2903: 2868: 2851:, the school he helped found as governor of Ohio. He emphasized the need for 2828: 2766: 2701: 2639: 2612: 2569: 2469:

suggested that the countries work together to reduce immigration, and he and

2434: 2430: 2346: 2268: 2175: 2167: 2116: 2075: 1968: 1878: 1659: 1585: 1569: 1565: 1530: 1526: 1493: 1238: 1196: 1191:. Hayes and his troops did not arrive in time for the battle, but joined the 1175: 1079: 968: 967:

to the Ohio bar in 1845 and opened his own law office in Lower Sandusky (now

941: 921: 913: 897: 886: 737: 417: 347: 336: 8183: 6127: 5744: 5599: 5555: 5351: 5295: 4971: 4602: 4209: 3719: 15717: 15687: 15479: 15118: 15030: 14806: 14569: 14446: 12924: 12862: 12847: 12842: 12514: 12451: 12343: 12044: 11889: 11710: 11630: 11620: 11490: 11485: 10626: 10621: 10542: 10522: 10477: 10427: 10397: 10362: 10286: 10268: 10053: 10041: 9933: 9921: 9909: 9726: 9706: 9686: 9036: 8685: 8675: 8655: 8625: 8285: 7922: 6405: 6326: 6026: 5938: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5615: 4311: 4190: 3814: 3795: 3302: 2881: 2780:

resigned with the expectation that Hayes would fill his seat by appointing

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to the seat. A former candidate for governor of Kentucky, Harlan had been

2615:, who had been attempting to convert them to Christianity. The subsequent 1473:, made the proposed amendment the centerpiece of the campaign and opposed 1223:

and assigned to command of the first brigade of the Kanawha Division as a

975:. Thinking a change in climate would help, he considered enlisting in the 852:, but Ezekiel's son (Hayes's grandfather, also named Rutherford) left his 15510: 14918: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12564: 12338: 12064: 11814: 11740: 11735: 11520: 11495: 10645: 10640: 10631: 10616: 10591: 10577: 10442: 10238: 10148: 10047: 9945: 9666: 9650: 9646: 9630: 9610: 9486: 9470: 9450: 9350: 8615: 7775: 7518:

and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the

7223: 6947:

Take Up Your Pen: Unilateral Presidential Directives in American Politics

3542: 3411: 3383: 3002: 2860: 2729:

confirmation to the Supreme Court was more difficult than Hayes expected.

2604: 2550: 2525: 2517: 2413:, even if it required crossing into Mexican territory. Mexican president 2366: 2300:

passed both houses of Congress in 1878. Hayes feared the Act would cause

2264: 2120: 1991: 1908: 1866: 1823: 1700: 1301: 1043: 948: 841: 837: 30:"President Hayes" and "Rutherford Hayes" redirect here. For his son, see 15786: 12398: 7403: 7374: 7346: 7293: 6421: 6172: 5907: 5784: 5763: 4992: 4990: 4650: 3924: 3857: 2963: 2776:

Hayes unsuccessfully attempted to fill a third vacancy in 1881. Justice

2365:

region to Paraguay, and the Paraguayans honored him by renaming a city (

2182:

railroads, with the strikers soon numbering in the thousands. Fearing a

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who defended refugee slaves in court proceedings. At the start of the

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in Hayes's hometown of Delaware, Ohio, was named in his honor, as is

2785: 2561: 2541: 2354: 2301: 2276: 2191: 1712: 1672: 1039: 890: 15798: 7571: 7461: 7432: 7317: 6096: 4691: 4689: 2930:' voting rights and civil rights. Historians and scholars generally 1602: 1548:. Not entirely removed from politics, Hayes held out some hope of a 15702: 12852: 12830: 11725: 11331: 10552: 10059: 9730: 9586: 9490: 8869: 7575: 7395: 7110:

History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896

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Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons

5978: 3014: 2635: 2627: 2390: 2358: 2285: 2260: 1688: 1466: 1418: 1204: 1067: 845: 2150:

Burning of Union Depot, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 21–22, 1877

1337:

Cedar Creek marked the end of the campaign. Hayes was promoted to

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Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866

6755:(2nd ed.). Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 5883: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4087: 4085: 4048: 4046: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 3993: 3991: 3902: 3900: 3835: 3833: 2807: 2611:

broke out in Colorado in 1879 when some Ute killed Indian agent

1607: 1108:'s election to the presidency in 1860, Hayes was lukewarm about 755:. In the disputed general election, he faced Democratic nominee 7561: 7528: 6916:. B oston: B. B. Russell; Philadelphia, Quaker city pub. house. 5408: 5406: 4814: 4812: 2597: 2581: 2459: 2410: 1739: 1692:

trumpeted Tilden's record of reform and contrasted it with the

1580:

focused primarily on Protestant fears about the possibility of

940:

with the highest honors in 1842 and addressed the class as its

11372: 7419:

Swint, Henry L. (June 1952). "Rutherford B. Hayes, Educator".

7011:

Hayes, Rutherford B. (1922). Williams, Charles Richard (ed.).

6511: 6501: 6499: 6468: 6453: 6390: 6354: 6314: 6290: 6278: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6002: 5990: 5928: 5926: 5866: 5732: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5486: 5418: 5327: 5231: 5195: 5030: 5006: 4741: 3629: 3627: 3614: 3612: 3373: 3371: 3245:"America's Gilded Age: Robber Barons and Captains of Industry" 3013:(also known as "Los Yanquis"), based in the national capital, 2819:, keeping his pledge not to run for a second term. During the 2670:, becoming the second sitting president to travel west of the 695: 689: 15821: 12731:

United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction

7157:

Sproat, John G. (1974). "Rutherford B. Hayes: 1877–1881". In

6117: 6115: 5817: 5815: 5722: 5720: 4900: 4898: 4525:"Library History: Birchard Public Library of Sandusky County" 4506: 4482: 4454: 4414: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4342: 4278: 4250: 4121: 4109: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4043: 4024: 3988: 3976: 3964: 3940: 3912: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3845: 3830: 3599: 3597: 3183: 3181: 2643: 2623: 2255:

worked with Hayes to return the country to the gold standard.

1951: 1632: 980: 909: 6892:. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. 6830:. Newtown, Connecticut: American Political Biography Press. 6188: 5442: 5403: 4934: 4922: 4910: 4809: 2341:

A political cartoon from 1882, criticizing Chinese exclusion

1292:

and soon back in contact with Confederate forces, capturing

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His first two sons, Joseph and George, had died in infancy.

2622:

Hayes also became involved in resolving the removal of the

2560:

Hayes dealt with several conflicts with Indian tribes. The

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Candidates in the 1876 United States presidential election

15499:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

6970:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

6631:"The Place Where Rutherford B. Hayes Is A Really Big Deal" 6342: 6302: 6229: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6143: 6112: 5966: 5812: 5800: 5717: 5631: 5391: 5379: 5339: 5171: 4895: 4840: 4777: 4701: 4330: 3594: 3439: 3178: 2700:

paid political dividends, strengthening his support among

1884: 1749:

Results of the 1876 election, with states won by Hayes in

15708:

Technological and industrial history of the United States

7501: 7486: 6670: 6529: 6042: 6014: 5693: 5430: 5114: 3735: 2377:) in his honor. Hayes became concerned over the plans of 1456:, but resigned in July 1867 to run for governor of Ohio. 751:

Hayes won the Republican nomination for president in the

683: 5454: 4880: 4868: 4765: 4713: 4590: 3570: 3427: 3399: 3262: 2941:, Hayes was reinterred there in 1915. The next year the 2937:

After the donation of his home to the state of Ohio for

2906:. In 1915, his remains were moved to his former home in 1249:

The division spent the following winter and spring near

1245:

was Hayes's commander and the namesake of his fourth son

7791:

List of federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes

6378: 6366: 6241: 6200: 5543: 5183: 4494: 3952: 3691: 2867:, received a scholarship in 1892. Hayes also advocated 2833:

Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States

2718:

List of federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes

994: 782:

Hayes's administration was influenced by his belief in

16044:

Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees

15668:

African American founding fathers of the United States

15570:

The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan

12736:

United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction

7567:

Rutherford B. Hayes Personal Manuscripts & Letters

7121:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 6752:

The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States

5367: 3667: 3582: 3558: 3478: 3330: 3224:

Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums

2458:

him, but narrowly failed when Republicans prevented a

1516: 1411:

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

836:

Through each of his parents, Hayes was descended from

721:'s city solicitor from 1858 to 1861. He was a staunch 15751: 5895: 5643: 5571: 3342: 3318: 3290: 2596:

ordered the tribe transported to Indian Territory in

1507:

Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

1128:, lasting three days before the war began. After the 1104:

As the Southern states quickly began to secede after

692: 14242:

The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women

7494:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

7163:

Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct

6913:

Life and public services of Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes

6537:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

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Both candidates concentrated on the swing states of

1370:

in 1864, Hayes was nominated by Republicans for the

698: 680: 8226: 5258: 1987:, who fought Hayes's reform efforts at every turn. 1393:

and Radical Republicans fought over Reconstruction.

1099: 840:colonists. His earliest immigrant ancestor came to 706:; October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th 677: 14493:Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866 12141:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 6950:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 6922: 3173:George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans 14284:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act 6778:"MemberListH | American Antiquarian Society" 2345:Most of Hayes's foreign-policy concerns involved 1603:Republican nomination and campaign against Tilden 880: 16059:Republican Party presidents of the United States 15890: 7182:Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877 7055:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 6871:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 2934:Hayes as an average to below-average president. 2666:In 1880, Hayes embarked on a 71-day tour of the 2221:, where strikers shut down railroad facilities. 1694:corruption of the incumbent Grant administration 1438:first impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson 1361: 811:Hayes as an average to below-average president. 763:awarded him 20 contested electoral votes in the 27:President of the United States from 1877 to 1881 6644: 2544:under the Dawes Act, later signed by President 889:in Delaware, Ohio, and enrolled in 1836 at the 819: 803:anticipated the assimilationist program of the 740:. After the war, he earned a reputation in the 249: 15984:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution 14628:Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 6972:. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics. 6590:. Washington, DC: Facts on File. p. 163. 6555:(3rd ed.). McFarland & Company, Inc. 2802: 2353:, he arbitrated a territorial dispute between 1284:. Crook's corps was attached to Major General 1022:Rutherford and Lucy Hayes on their wedding day 14602:First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 12592: 12384: 12126: 11358: 8885: 8212: 8188: 7611: 7139:The Stolen Election: Hayes versus Tilden—1876 7033:—— (1922). —— (ed.). 7022:—— (1922). —— (ed.). 6063:"Rutherford B. Hayes's visit to Oregon, 1880" 2831:. In 1881, he was elected a companion of the 2649: 15929:19th-century presidents of the United States 7927: 7250:American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant 6691:Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue, 2024 3461:John Zachos Cincinnatian from Constantinople 2198:on July 20, and Hayes ordered the troops at 1903:to withdraw federal troops stationed at the 1818:to withdraw federal troops stationed at the 1765:agreed to submit the matter to a bipartisan 15979:Members of the American Antiquarian Society 11144:National Republican Congressional Committee 7502:The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center 7353:Skidmore, Max J. "Rutherford B. Hayes." in 2280:property values. Democratic Representative 1722: 1015:in Cincinnati but did not become a member. 198:January 12, 1868 – January 8, 1872 12599: 12585: 12391: 12377: 12133: 12119: 11365: 11351: 11234:High School Republican National Federation 8892: 8878: 8854: 8219: 8205: 7618: 7604: 7355:Maligned Presidents: The Late 19th Century 7116: 7045: 6929:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 6550: 6517: 6486: 6474: 6462: 6431: 6411: 6399: 6360: 6332: 6320: 6308: 6296: 6284: 6235: 6182: 6149: 6133: 6121: 6086: 6032: 6008: 5996: 5984: 5960: 5877: 5856: 5833: 5821: 5806: 5790: 5774: 5753: 5738: 5726: 5687: 5637: 5605: 5565: 5529: 5492: 5480: 5424: 5357: 5345: 5333: 5317: 5301: 5281: 5240: 5201: 5177: 5165: 5161: 5132: 5072: 5036: 5012: 4904: 4862: 4846: 4834: 4747: 4656: 4640: 4624: 4608: 4564: 4543: 4512: 4488: 4472: 4460: 4444: 4420: 4408: 4391: 4379: 4363: 4348: 4320: 4301: 4284: 4268: 4256: 4215: 4199: 4184: 4176: 4160: 4144: 4127: 4115: 4091: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4037: 4014: 3997: 3982: 3970: 3946: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3891: 3879: 3863: 3851: 3839: 3820: 3804: 3785: 3769: 3753: 3741: 3709: 3685: 3661: 3645: 3633: 3618: 3576: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3496: 3472: 3433: 3417: 3389: 3377: 3308: 3280: 3268: 2843:, his army comrade and political protégé. 2259:Hayes confronted two issues regarding the 2202:to assist the governor in suppressing it. 1296:, on June 11. They continued south toward 775:and the military occupation of the former 60: 15999:Moderate Republicans (Reconstruction era) 15949:Civil service reform in the United States 15160:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 7304:(December 1935). "The Star Route Cases". 7276: 7198: 6693:. Vol. 1A. Sydney, Ohio: Amos Media. 6658:. National Park Service. January 24, 2004 6048: 6020: 5944: 5699: 5593: 5436: 5321: 5305: 5289: 5213: 5120: 5108: 5096: 5060: 5024: 5000: 4795: 4771: 4731: 4719: 4596: 4584: 4500: 4432: 4336: 4305: 4219: 4203: 4180: 4018: 3958: 3729: 3697: 3673: 3564: 3484: 3421: 3405: 3336: 3296: 2971:, 1922 issue, 100th anniversary of birth 2584:. In October, after a decisive battle at 2361:. Hayes awarded the disputed land in the 2166:, to protest their reduction in pay. The 1857:administering the oath of office to Hayes 1833: 1469:to black male Ohioans. Hayes's opponent, 1440:. He also voted during this time for the 1432:Reelected in 1866, Hayes returned to the 1233: 611: 398: 240:U.S. House of Representatives 153:January 10, 1876 – March 2, 1877 16034:People of Ohio in the American Civil War 15683:History of the United States (1865–1917) 11327:Timeline of modern American conservatism 11159:Republican Attorneys General Association 11154:National Republican Senatorial Committee 7703:1876 United States presidential election 7551:) is being considered for deletion. See 7421:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 7306:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 7300: 7184:. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. 7135: 6885: 6583: 5889: 5460: 5448: 5412: 4977: 4940: 4928: 4916: 4889: 4874: 4858: 4830: 4818: 4799: 4759: 4735: 4707: 4695: 4660: 4644: 4628: 4612: 3451: 3202: 3187: 2979: 2962: 2888: 2806: 2721: 2711: 2653: 2511: 2336: 2246: 2145: 2135: 2022: 1848: 1744: 1606: 1598:1876 United States presidential election 1520: 1384: 1237: 1141:23rd Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry 1090: 1017: 814: 753:1876 United States presidential election 11149:National Republican Redistricting Trust 7807:Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center 7625: 7516:Extensive essays on Rutherford B. Hayes 7179: 7069: 7052:Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President 6920: 6906: 6863: 6825: 6748: 6505: 6427: 6372: 6247: 6223: 6211: 6194: 6178: 6166: 6137: 6106: 6102: 6090: 5948: 5932: 5913: 5860: 5837: 5794: 5778: 5757: 5711: 5670: 5621: 5609: 5589: 5561: 5537: 5533: 5508: 5476: 5361: 5285: 5252: 5225: 5189: 5157: 5136: 5092: 5080: 5048: 4568: 4547: 4476: 4448: 4367: 4324: 4164: 4148: 3824: 3808: 3789: 3773: 3757: 3725: 3713: 3657: 3603: 3588: 3552: 3500: 3445: 3393: 3348: 3324: 3312: 3284: 2875:thoughts on that subject in his diary: 1962: 1885:The South and the end of Reconstruction 1671:, as well as the three southern states— 1498:impeachment of President Andrew Johnson 1421:and other black southerners. President 1405:wing, but was willing to vote with the 1147:, and his friend and college classmate 1117:, and they voted for the Democrats and 14: 15891: 15342:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era 14388:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln 12606: 11267:Republican National Coalition for Life 7751:United States Civil Service Commission 7525:"Life Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes" 7447: 7381: 7282:The South Carolina Historical Magazine 7156: 7107: 6725: 6656:Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings 6415: 6348: 6336: 6036: 5972: 5841: 5397: 5385: 4803: 4783: 2943:Hayes Commemorative Library and Museum 2685: 2532:policy, beginning with preventing the 2477:of 1882, after Hayes had left office. 2083:United States Civil Service Commission 1935:, which had been used to suppress the 1889:Hayes had firmly supported Republican 824:Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in 790:, which he resolved by calling in the 265:March 4, 1865 – July 20, 1867 96:March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 34:. For the Department in Paraguay, see 15627:Women's suffrage in the United States 14316:Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction 12580: 12372: 12114: 11346: 11209:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 8873: 8200: 8187: 7926: 7599: 7507:Rutherford B. Hayes: A Resource Guide 7418: 7360: 7246: 7222: 7010: 6994:. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. 6986: 6964: 6943: 6925:The Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes 6844: 6676: 6587:Presidents: A Biographical Dictionary 6490: 6447: 6443: 6384: 5917: 5901: 5649: 5625: 5577: 5549: 5504: 5472: 5076: 4996: 4981: 4572: 4272: 4103: 3206: 2815:Hayes declined to seek reelection in 2462:by refusing to vote. After the veto, 2108:to promote a French canal in Panama. 402: 15828: 14734:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 14422:Confederates surrender at Appomattox 14234:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 8899: 7332: 7142:. New York: Tom Doherty Associates. 7093: 6628: 6618:. Washington, DC. November 16, 2000. 5373: 5264: 3934: 3867: 2913: 1950:Hayes tried to reconcile the social 1733:Electoral Commission (United States) 1356: 1062:. As Cincinnati was just across the 995:Cincinnati law practice and marriage 15590:United Daughters of the Confederacy 14721:American Woman Suffrage Association 14716:National Woman Suffrage Association 14643:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson 12942:Women during the Reconstruction era 8075:for President of the United States 7746:Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes 7708:1876 Republican National Convention 7534:American Presidents: Life Portraits 7489:"Rutherford B. Hayes (id: H000393)" 6532:"Rutherford B. Hayes (id: H000393)" 3082:He was named after Hayes's friend, 2985:Hayes Presidential "Golden Dollar", 2885:omitting lands and other property. 2821:1880 Republican National Convention 2658:Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes by 2229:"The strikes have been put down by 2132:defendants were acquitted in 1883. 1623:was united behind him, and Senator 1621:1876 Republican National Convention 1591: 1517:Private life and return to politics 1459: 1276:Hayes and his brigade moved to the 955:, Ohio, Hayes moved east to attend 24: 16049:Republican Party governors of Ohio 15632:Labor history of the United States 14668:South Carolina readmitted to Union 14665:North Carolina readmitted to Union 14648:Impeachment managers investigation 14587:Constitutional conventions of 1867 14263:National Women's Rights Convention 11252:Republican Main Street Partnership 6869:The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant 6060: 3175:, p. 91. Harvard University Press. 3116:in 1871, but it dissolved in 1874. 3027:Hayes was elected a member of the 2520:'s management of the Indian Bureau 2385:, to construct a canal across the 2242: 1540:against the incumbent Republican, 1465:constitution that would guarantee 1095:Hayes in Civil War uniform in 1861 928:politics. His classmates included 25: 16075: 14873:United States expedition to Korea 14580:Reconstruction military districts 12143:Ohio's 2nd congressional district 11194:Congressional Hispanic Conference 7962:Ohio's 2nd congressional district 7847:University, Hayes and Orton Halls 7766:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877 7555:to help reach a consensus. › 7478: 7253:. Random House Publishing Group. 3128:filled Merritt's former position. 2332: 2170:quickly spread to workers of the 2045:Collector of the Port of New York 1840:Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes 1376:Ohio's 2nd congressional district 1325:on September 22, and one more at 916:. Returning to Ohio, he attended 15871: 15854: 15837: 15809: 15797: 15785: 15773: 15761: 14427:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 12721:African-American representatives 12433: 12357: 11756: 11749: 11164:Republican Governors Association 9703:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 8853: 8844: 8843: 7906: 7905: 7579: 7117:Richardson, Heather Cox (2001). 7103:. Moore, Wilstach & Baldwin. 6828:Rutherford Hayes and his America 6788: 6770: 6742: 6728:"Rutherford Hayes' other legacy" 6719: 6697: 6682: 6652:"The Presidents (Spiegel Grove)" 6622: 6604: 6577: 6544: 6523: 6253: 6054: 4946: 4666: 3119: 3102: 3089: 2924:assassination of Abraham Lincoln 2572:in June 1877 when Major General 2516:An 1881 political cartoon about 2507: 2393:. Worried about a repetition of 2113:corruption in the postal service 2031:out of the New York Custom House 1100:West Virginia and South Mountain 908:, Connecticut, where he studied 673: 490: 38:. For the attack transport, see 16039:Presidents of the United States 15429:Black Reconstruction in America 15302:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 15212:1876 State of the Union Address 15139:1875 State of the Union Address 15066:1874 State of the Union Address 14990:1873 State of the Union Address 14929:1872 State of the Union Address 14878:1871 State of the Union Address 14817:1870 State of the Union Address 14766:1869 State of the Union Address 14761:First transcontinental railroad 14700:1868 State of the Union Address 14607:1867 State of the Union Address 14442:1865 State of the Union Address 14367:1864 State of the Union Address 14341:1863 State of the Union Address 14250:Woman in the Nineteenth Century 8228:Presidents of the United States 7842:Rutherford B. Hayes High School 7520:Miller Center of Public Affairs 6813: 6726:Teeter, R (February 16, 2009). 6629:Otis, John (October 30, 2014). 4518: 4225: 3354: 3171:Welch, Richard E., Jr. (1971). 3108:Hayes's predecessor, President 3097:Article II, section 1, clause 2 3076: 3067: 3050: 3035:Rutherford B. Hayes High School 2910:for burial with his wife Lucy. 2592:, Chief Joseph surrendered and 1844: 1195:as it hurried north to cut off 1026:Hayes courted his future wife, 394: 16004:Ohio State University trustees 15959:Half-Breeds (Republican Party) 14502:Petition for Universal Freedom 14483:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 11257:Republican Majority for Choice 11085:Steering and Policy Committees 8160:President of the United States 7650:29th and 32nd Governor of Ohio 7642:President of the United States 7335:Presidential Studies Quarterly 6688: 4683:. Retrieved February 24, 2022. 3237: 3212: 3165: 3140: 2119:asked Hayes to shut down the " 2115:. In 1880, Schurz and Senator 1341:in October 1864 and brevetted 1159:was another future president, 881:Education and early law career 744:as a prominent member of the " 710:, serving from 1877 to 1881. 708:president of the United States 84:President of the United States 13: 1: 15549:A Visit from the Old Mistress 15248:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 15114:Specie Payment Resumption Act 14739:Board of Indian Commissioners 14671:Louisiana readmitted to Union 14633:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 14497:Tennessee readmitted to Union 14331:Women's Loyal National League 13034:Straight-Out Democratic Party 12805:Confederate States of America 11322:International Democracy Union 7957:U.S. House of Representatives 7940:U.S. House of Representatives 7771:Specie Payment Resumption Act 7761:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 7540: 7232:. New York: ACLS Humanities. 7165:. New York: Delacorte Press. 3660:, pp. 178–180, 187–188; 3134: 2322:Specie Payment Resumption Act 2263:, the first of which was the 2160:Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 2156:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 2142:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 1931:that would have repealed the 1810:in Washington to negotiate a 1753:, and those won by Tilden in 1582:state aid to Catholic schools 1362:U.S. Representative from Ohio 788:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 67: 15175:Battle of the Little Bighorn 14659:Arkansas readmitted to Union 14565:Knights of the White Camelia 14527:Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866 14473:New Orleans Massacre of 1866 14447:Founding of the Ku Klux Klan 14405:Special Field Orders No. 15 14228:Slavery in the United States 7587:Works by Rutherford B. Hayes 7572:Works by Rutherford B. Hayes 6921:Davison, Kenneth E. (1972). 6886:Campbell, Edwina S. (2016). 6261:"Volume III Chapter XXXVIII" 5963:, pp. 341–343, 449–450. 3029:American Antiquarian Society 2464:Assistant Secretary of State 2395:French adventurism in Mexico 1349:, that May and observed the 1155:. Joining the regiment as a 1086: 959:in 1843. Graduating with an 820:Childhood and family history 434:(great-great-great grandson) 7: 15693:Race (human categorization) 15083:United States v. Cruikshank 14674:Alabama readmitted to Union 14662:Florida readmitted to Union 11204:Republican Jewish Coalition 11119:Republican Governance Group 7781:Presidente Hayes Department 7668:23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment 7578:(public domain audiobooks) 7269: 7119:The Death of Reconstruction 6798:. The Ohio State University 6782:www.americanantiquarian.org 2999:Presidente Hayes Department 2803:Post-presidency (1881–1893) 2308:The second issue concerned 2027:A cartoon of Hayes kicking 1654:The Democratic nominee was 1496:for girls. He endorsed the 1259:Battle of Buffington Island 1203:, which was advancing into 1005:Cincinnati Literary Society 983:, where Hayes visited with 877:, was also a first cousin. 619:Battle of Buffington Island 602:Battle of Giles Court House 36:Presidente Hayes Department 10: 16080: 16024:People from Delaware, Ohio 15914:1880s in the United States 15909:1870s in the United States 14894:General Mining Act of 1872 14863:New York custom house ring 14853:Meridian race riot of 1871 14797:Naturalization Act of 1870 11124:Republican Study Committee 7688:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain 7180:Stowell, David O. (1999). 6849:. Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. 6845:Bruce, Robert V. (1989) . 6689:Bigalke, Jay, ed. (2023). 6584:Hamilton, Neil A. (2010). 4534:, Birchard Library website 3458:"Topping, Eva Catafygiotu" 2715: 2650:Great Western Tour of 1880 2576:ordered them to move to a 2164:Martinsburg, West Virginia 2139: 1905:South Carolina State House 1837: 1820:South Carolina State House 1726: 1709:Northeastern United States 1595: 1351:Grand Review of the Armies 1060:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 850:American Revolutionary War 639:Third Battle of Winchester 634:Second Battle of Kernstown 624:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain 29: 16029:People from Fremont, Ohio 15964:Harvard Law School alumni 15730: 15660: 15619: 15535: 15486:Been in the Storm So Long 15406:William Archibald Dunning 15366:The American Commonwealth 15334: 15327: 15256: 15220: 15147: 15074: 15036:Election Massacre of 1874 14998: 14937: 14886: 14825: 14774: 14744:Public Credit Act of 1869 14708: 14683:Fourth Reconstruction Act 14615: 14592:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 14542: 14455: 14375: 14349: 14336:New York City draft riots 14306:Emancipation Proclamation 14298: 14215: 14208: 14158: 13180: 13134: 13088: 12981:National Union Convention 12961: 12954: 12813: 12790: 12726:Reconstruction Amendments 12716:African-American senators 12621: 12614: 12557:Secretary of the Interior 12555: 12530: 12505: 12486: 12461: 12444:Secretary of the Treasury 12442: 12431: 12414: 12355: 12149: 11765: 11747: 11388: 11299: 11262:Republican Liberty Caucus 11242: 11172: 11134: 11065: 11054: 11009: 10748: 10734: 10674: 10305: 10296: 10087: 9890: 9753: 8949: 8909: 8839: 8711: 8234: 8194: 8189:Links to related articles 8166: 8157: 8149: 8139: 8132: 8124: 8114: 8105: 8097: 8092: 8082: 8067: 8059: 8049: 8031: 8023: 8013: 7991: 7983: 7978: 7968: 7953: 7945: 7938: 7933: 7884: 7855: 7799: 7731: 7660: 7633: 7247:White, Ronald C. (2016). 7208:. New York: Times Books. 7136:Robinson, Lloyd (2001) . 6944:Dodds, Graham G. (2013). 6265:resources.ohiohistory.org 3099:of the U.S. Constitution. 2680:transcontinental railroad 2480:In 1877 former President 2349:. In 1878, following the 1996:Secretary of the Interior 1877:and a full return to the 1201:Army of Northern Virginia 1189:Second Battle of Bull Run 797:Bland–Allison Act of 1878 669:Rutherford Birchard Hayes 662: 572: 562: 552: 526: 518: 503: 498: 486: 469: 438: 427: 412: 376: 353: 343: 326: 307:Rutherford Birchard Hayes 302: 297: 293: 281: 269: 258: 236: 224: 212: 202: 191: 181: 169: 157: 146: 138: 126: 114: 100: 89: 81: 77: 59: 52: 18:Rutherford Birchard Hayes 15202:Safe burglary conspiracy 15089:Civil Rights Act of 1875 14868:Civil service commission 14468:Memphis massacre of 1866 14463:Civil Rights Act of 1866 14279:Confiscation Act of 1862 14274:Confiscation Act of 1861 13029:Liberal Republican Party 12711:Conservative Republicans 11032:Northern Mariana Islands 7979:Party political offices 7928:Offices and distinctions 7678:Battle of South Mountain 7553:templates for discussion 7487:United States Congress. 6826:Barnard, Harry (2005) . 6818: 6530:United States Congress. 5987:, pp. 343–344, 449. 4698:, pp. 64–68, 90–95. 3362:"Hayes Family Genealogy" 3114:Civil Service Commission 3044: 3020:Also named for Hayes is 3005:); an official holiday: 2939:Spiegel Grove State Park 2869:better prison conditions 2660:Eliphalet Frazer Andrews 2555:Bureau of Indian Affairs 2538:Bureau of Indian Affairs 2397:, Hayes interpreted the 1723:Disputed electoral votes 1427:Civil Rights Act of 1866 1372:House of Representatives 1282:Valley Campaigns of 1864 1209:Battle of South Mountain 1143:. Hayes was promoted to 761:Congressional Commission 731:Battle of South Mountain 607:Battle of South Mountain 597:Battle of Carnifex Ferry 348:Spiegel Grove State Park 15989:Methodist abolitionists 15924:19th-century Methodists 15698:Reconstruction Treaties 15517:A Nation Under Our Feet 15465:From Slavery to Freedom 15295:Williams v. Mississippi 15279:United States v. Harris 15170:Great Sioux War of 1876 15109:Yazoo City Riot of 1875 15011:Battle of Liberty Place 14899:Crédit Mobilier scandal 14848:Alcorn State University 14787:Enforcement Act of 1870 14653:Articles of impeachment 14560:Indian Peace Commission 14478:Swing Around the Circle 14415:Freedmen's Bureau bills 14257:Seneca Falls Convention 12986:Radical Democracy Party 12937:Freedman's Savings Bank 8118:Edward Follansbee Noyes 8027:Edward Follansbee Noyes 8017:Edward Follansbee Noyes 6796:"History of Hayes Hall" 6749:Gannett, Henry (1905). 6067:The Oregon Encyclopedia 5892:, pp. xi–xii, 2–3. 4530:August 4, 2018, at the 2277:money supply contracted 2057:Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. 2047:, and his subordinates 1894:Representatives in the 1011:. He also attended the 867:William Rutherford Mead 644:Battle of Fisher's Hill 231:Edward Follansbee Noyes 15934:American abolitionists 15673:Forty acres and a mule 15396:Walter Lynwood Fleming 15181:United States v. Reese 14838:Second Enforcement Act 13068:Prohibition Convention 12800:Southern United States 11114:Problem Solvers Caucus 8326:William Henry Harrison 7837:Hayes County, Nebraska 7652:(1868–1872, 1876–1877) 7363:The American Archivist 7108:Rhodes, J. F. (1919). 6847:1877: Year of Violence 4958:elections.harpweek.com 3112:, appointed the first 3022:Hayes County, Nebraska 2989: 2972: 2894: 2893:Grave at Spiegel Grove 2887: 2812: 2730: 2663: 2521: 2342: 2267:, and its relation to 2256: 2240: 2211:Winfield Scott Hancock 2162:walked off the job in 2151: 2111:Hayes also dealt with 2085:, even using his last 2032: 1911:'s St. Louis Hotel to 1858: 1834:Presidency (1877–1881) 1826:'s St. Louis Hotel to 1779:Supreme Court justices 1757: 1616: 1533: 1394: 1368:Army of the Shenandoah 1290:Army of the Shenandoah 1246: 1234:Army of the Shenandoah 1115:Southern United States 1096: 1023: 934:John Celivergos Zachos 15974:Kenyon College alumni 15647:Civil rights movement 15583:The Birth of a Nation 15192:Centennial Exposition 15046:Black Hills Gold Rush 14961:Slaughter-House Cases 14833:Ku Klux Klan hearings 14311:General Order No. 143 12930:James Mitchell Ashley 12532:Secretary of the Navy 11199:Log Cabin Republicans 8556:Franklin D. Roosevelt 7832:Club Presidente Hayes 7786:Chinese Exclusion Act 7693:Ohio State University 7683:Army of West Virginia 7384:Social Service Review 6446:, p. 354, v. 4; 3148:"Rutherford B. Hayes" 3031:on October 21, 1890. 3011:Club Presidente Hayes 2983: 2966: 2892: 2877: 2849:Ohio State University 2810: 2759:William Burnham Woods 2725: 2712:Judicial appointments 2668:Western United States 2657: 2536:from taking over the 2515: 2475:Chinese Exclusion Act 2452:Western United States 2447:Chinese Exclusion Act 2418:pursuit into Mexico. 2381:, the builder of the 2340: 2250: 2227: 2149: 2136:Great Railroad Strike 2099:Secretary of the Navy 2095:George Congdon Gorham 2026: 2018:New York Custom House 1998:and asked Schurz and 1871:United States Capitol 1852: 1748: 1610: 1524: 1511:Ohio State University 1389:Democratic President 1388: 1366:While serving in the 1267:Army of West Virginia 1241: 1094: 1021: 873:, the founder of the 863:Larkin Goldsmith Mead 815:Early life and family 649:Battle of Cedar Creek 519:Years of service 15994:Methodists from Ohio 15228:Electoral Commission 15104:Clifton Riot of 1875 14858:Treaty of Washington 14550:Tenure of Office Act 14508:National Labor Union 14223:American Indian Wars 13073:Electoral Commission 13063:Greenback Convention 12826:Free people of color 12766:Federal bureaucracy 12706:Moderate Republicans 11378:lieutenant governors 11229:Republicans Overseas 11219:Teen Age Republicans 11022:District of Columbia 9423:1964 (San Francisco) 9383:1956 (San Francisco) 8919:National Union Party 8576:Dwight D. Eisenhower 7827:Laudo Hayes Firm Day 7718:Electoral Commission 7079:. New York: Norton. 6489:, pp. 515–517; 6414:, pp. 496–497; 6335:, pp. 471–475; 6197:, pp. 268, 498. 6136:, pp. 385–386; 6035:, pp. 450–454; 5920:, pp. 589, 599. 5859:, pp. 388–389; 5840:, pp. 447–449; 5836:, pp. 388–389; 5756:, pp. 420–421; 5628:, p. 440, v. 3. 5624:, pp. 446–447; 5592:, pp. 148–150; 5564:, pp. 116–127; 5536:, pp. 145–153; 5532:, pp. 328–333; 5360:, pp. 382–384; 5320:, pp. 353–355; 5288:, pp. 164–165; 5284:, pp. 322–325; 5164:, pp. 392–402; 5160:, pp. 162–163; 5135:, pp. 317–318; 5079:, pp. 580–583; 5075:, pp. 304–307; 4980:, pp. 185–189; 4861:, pp. 145–154; 4833:, pp. 131–142; 4802:, pp. 119–123; 4677:United States Senate 4643:, pp. 263–264; 4627:, pp. 262–263; 4611:, pp. 260–261; 4571:, pp. 271–275; 4567:, pp. 257–260; 4546:, pp. 256–257; 4475:, pp. 243–244; 4447:, pp. 240–245; 4366:, pp. 218–220; 4304:, pp. 211–213; 4271:, pp. 204–205; 4218:, pp. 197–199; 4179:, pp. 200–201; 4163:, pp. 200–201; 4147:, pp. 171–176; 4017:, pp. 162–164; 3933:, pp. 146–147; 3866:, pp. 125–126; 3756:, pp. 104–105; 3728:, pp. 196–197; 3205:, pp. 182–184; 3007:Laudo Hayes Firm Day 2743:John Marshall Harlan 2733:Hayes appointed two 2708:to vote Republican. 2528:carried out Hayes's 2471:James Burrill Angell 2379:Ferdinand de Lesseps 2292:, a Republican from 2106:Ferdinand de Lesseps 1963:Civil service reform 1787:Illinois legislature 1767:Electoral Commission 1538:United States Senate 1446:civil service reform 1442:Tenure of Office Act 1251:Charleston, Virginia 1133:fired on Fort Sumter 977:Mexican–American War 401:; died 16064:Union Army generals 16014:Ohio city attorneys 15899:Rutherford B. Hayes 15824:Rutherford B. Hayes 15577:D. W. Griffith 15562:The Leopard's Spots 15452:The American Crisis 15386:Columbia University 15353:The Prostrate State 15347:James Shepherd Pike 15264:Posse Comitatus Act 15187:Trader post scandal 14975:Coinage Act of 1873 14749:Black Friday (1869) 14597:Peonage Act of 1867 14575:Reconstruction Acts 14555:Command of Army Act 14290:Militia Act of 1862 12701:Radical Republicans 12649:Rutherford B. Hayes 12540:Richard W. Thompson 12407:Rutherford B. Hayes 11182:College Republicans 9603:2000 (Philadelphia) 9343:1948 (Philadelphia) 9303:1940 (Philadelphia) 9120:1900 (Philadelphia) 9029:1872 (Philadelphia) 8977:1856 (Philadelphia) 8929:Fourth Party System 8506:William Howard Taft 8426:Rutherford B. Hayes 7897:James A. Garfield → 7875:Rutherford P. Hayes 7821:These Are My Jewels 7627:Rutherford B. Hayes 7558:Rutherford B. Hayes 7511:Library of Congress 7302:Klotsche, J. Martin 7278:Clendenen, Clarence 7205:Rutherford B. Hayes 7071:McFeely, William S. 6908:Conwell, Russell H. 6865:Calhoun, Charles W. 6679:, pp. 485–488. 6520:, pp. 532–533. 6508:, pp. 522–523. 6493:, pp. 605–606. 6477:, pp. 509–520. 6465:, pp. 508–510. 6402:, pp. 518–523. 6363:, pp. 498–499. 6351:, pp. 154–156. 6323:, pp. 524–525. 6299:, pp. 466–467. 6287:, pp. 447–465. 6226:, pp. 498–499. 6169:, pp. 130–132. 6011:, pp. 340–341. 5999:, pp. 338–340. 5975:, pp. 452–454. 5951:, pp. 186–187. 5935:, pp. 184–185. 5880:, pp. 390–391. 5863:, pp. 447–449. 5844:, pp. 180–196. 5741:, pp. 417–418. 5714:, pp. 177–180. 5690:, pp. 358–360. 5673:, pp. 176–177. 5612:, pp. 152–153. 5540:, pp. 445–447. 5495:, pp. 326–327. 5451:, pp. 414–415. 5427:, pp. 439–440. 5415:, pp. 409–411. 5400:, pp. 169–170. 5388:, pp. 165–166. 5336:, pp. 370–371. 5324:, pp. 100–101. 5255:, pp. 164–165. 5243:, pp. 318–319. 5228:, pp. 293–294. 5204:, pp. 317–318. 5139:, pp. 141–143. 5051:, pp. 402–403. 5039:, pp. 298–299. 5015:, pp. 295–297. 4984:, pp. 581–587. 4943:, pp. 171–183. 4931:, pp. 166–171. 4919:, pp. 159–161. 4865:, pp. 281–286. 4837:, pp. 277–279. 4821:, pp. 126–127. 4806:, pp. 163–164. 4786:, pp. 163–164. 4750:, pp. 269–271. 4738:, pp. 113–114. 4550:, pp. 270–271. 4515:, pp. 249–251. 4491:, pp. 249–250. 4479:, pp. 250–252. 4463:, pp. 246–248. 4451:, pp. 250–252. 4423:, pp. 241–242. 4411:, pp. 236–240. 4394:, pp. 231–232. 4382:, pp. 225–228. 4370:, pp. 239–241. 4351:, pp. 215–216. 4327:, pp. 238–239. 4287:, pp. 208–210. 4275:, pp. 493–494. 4259:, pp. 204–205. 4167:, pp. 145–180. 4151:, pp. 225–227. 4130:, pp. 186–188. 4118:, pp. 178–181. 4094:, pp. 174–177. 4079:, pp. 172–173. 4067:, pp. 170–171. 4055:, pp. 168–169. 4040:, pp. 166–168. 4000:, pp. 159–161. 3985:, pp. 157–158. 3973:, pp. 154–156. 3949:, pp. 149–153. 3921:, pp. 146–148. 3909:, pp. 141–143. 3894:, pp. 136–141. 3882:, pp. 128–130. 3854:, pp. 120–121. 3842:, pp. 116–117. 3827:, pp. 213–214. 3811:, pp. 210–212. 3760:, pp. 202–203. 3716:, pp. 189–191. 3606:, pp. 184–185. 3503:, pp. 131–138. 3448:, pp. 107–113. 3209:, pp. 580–581. 3190:, pp. 127–128. 3062:William Howard Taft 3056:Herron's daughter, 2690:Hayes and his wife 2686:Hayes's White House 2524:Interior Secretary 2467:Frederick W. Seward 2310:United States Notes 2273:Coinage Act of 1873 2251:Treasury Secretary 2102:Richard W. Thompson 2072:recess appointments 2016:to investigate the 1503:George H. Pendleton 1454:Reconstruction Acts 1294:Lexington, Virginia 1193:Army of the Potomac 885:Hayes attended the 871:John Humphrey Noyes 629:Battle of Lynchburg 54:Rutherford B. Hayes 32:Rutherford P. Hayes 15780:American Civil War 15596:Gone with the Wind 15459:John Hope Franklin 15315:Disenfranchisement 15287:Plessy v. Ferguson 15271:Civil Rights Cases 15233:Compromise of 1877 15124:Wheeler Compromise 15041:Vicksburg massacre 15026:Timber Culture Act 15016:Coushatta massacre 14955:Timber Culture Act 14909:Star Route scandal 14792:Justice Department 14689:Georgia v. Stanton 14678:Opelousas massacre 14269:American Civil War 13078:Compromise of 1877 12780:Justice Department 12744:Federal judiciary 12623:Federal government 12608:Reconstruction era 12507:Postmaster General 12416:Secretary of State 11214:Republicans Abroad 11079:Legislative Digest 9543:1988 (New Orleans) 9483:1976 (Kansas City) 9463:1972 (Miami Beach) 9443:1968 (Miami Beach) 9243:1928 (Kansas City) 9107:1896 (Saint Louis) 9094:1892 (Minneapolis) 8939:Sixth Party System 8934:Fifth Party System 8924:Third Party System 8496:Theodore Roosevelt 8093:Political offices 7972:Samuel Fenton Cary 7890:← Ulysses S. Grant 7756:Star Route scandal 7713:Compromise of 1877 7450:American Quarterly 7200:Trefousse, Hans L. 7076:Grant: A Biography 6637:. Washington, DC. 6616:Federalist Society 5507:, pp. 75–77; 4762:, pp. 99–102. 4734:, pp. 72–73; 4435:, pp. 31, 42. 4183:, pp. 41–44; 3712:, pp. 95–99; 3551:, pp. 66–70; 3499:, pp. 43–51; 3420:, pp. 20–22; 3392:, pp. 62–63; 3311:, pp. 20–21; 2990: 2973: 2895: 2813: 2796:Yick Wo v. Hopkins 2778:Noah Haynes Swayne 2757:. Hayes nominated 2735:Associate Justices 2731: 2727:Stanley Matthews's 2676:William T. Sherman 2664: 2594:William T. Sherman 2522: 2443:Workingman's Party 2423:Western Hemisphere 2343: 2290:William B. Allison 2257: 2152: 2061:L. Bradford Prince 2033: 2007:Treasury Secretary 2000:Secretary of State 1925:appropriation bill 1859: 1758: 1729:Compromise of 1877 1649:Frederick Douglass 1638:William A. Wheeler 1617: 1613:Currier & Ives 1534: 1395: 1257:'s cavalry at the 1247: 1153:lieutenant colonel 1097: 1024: 957:Harvard Law School 902:preparatory school 777:Confederate States 765:Compromise of 1877 727:American Civil War 717:, Hayes served as 713:As an attorney in 592:American Civil War 557:23rd Ohio Infantry 456:Harvard University 288:Samuel Fenton Cary 139:29th and 32nd 109:William A. Wheeler 15954:Governors of Ohio 15749: 15748: 15743: 15742: 15726: 15725: 15652:American frontier 15506:Kenneth M. Stampp 15323: 15322: 15165:Ellenton massacre 15006:Brooks–Baxter War 14755:Ex parte McCardle 14521:Ex parte Milligan 14410:Freedmen's Bureau 14326:National Bank Act 14204: 14203: 13039:Victoria Woodhull 12950: 12949: 12821:African Americans 12792:State governments 12775:Freedmen's Bureau 12574: 12573: 12471:George W. McCrary 12424:William M. Evarts 12366: 12365: 12108: 12107: 11340: 11339: 11295: 11294: 11224:Young Republicans 11092:Senate Conference 11050: 11049: 10730: 10729: 9042:1876 (Cincinnati) 8867: 8866: 8646:George H. W. Bush 8596:Lyndon B. Johnson 8526:Warren G. Harding 8466:Benjamin Harrison 8446:Chester A. Arthur 8436:James A. Garfield 8296:John Quincy Adams 8246:George Washington 8181: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8170:James A. Garfield 8167:Succeeded by 8140:Succeeded by 8134:Governor of Ohio 8115:Succeeded by 8086:James A. Garfield 8083:Succeeded by 8050:Succeeded by 8014:Succeeded by 7969:Succeeded by 7920: 7919: 7591:Project Gutenberg 7260:978-1-5883-6992-5 7239:978-1-59740-431-0 7215:978-0-8050-6907-5 7191:978-0-226-77668-2 7172:978-0-440-05923-3 7159:Woodward, C. Vann 7149:978-0-7653-0206-9 7128:978-0-674-00637-9 7086:978-0-3933-4287-1 7062:978-0-7006-0641-2 7001:978-0-7607-4990-6 6988:Grant, Ulysses S. 6979:978-0-06-093716-4 6957:978-0-8122-0815-3 6936:978-0-8371-6275-1 6878:978-0-7006-2484-3 6856:978-0-929587-05-9 6837:978-0-945707-05-9 6597:978-0-8160-7708-3 6450:, pp. 46–47. 6387:, pp. 48–49. 5552:, pp. 93–94. 5376:, pp. 73–74. 5308:, pp. 95–96. 5292:, pp. 95–96. 5216:, pp. 93–94. 5111:, pp. 90–91. 5063:, pp. 90–93. 5027:, pp. 85–86. 4710:, pp. 97–98. 4647:, pp. 61–63. 4631:, pp. 53–55. 4587:, pp. 61–64. 4339:, pp. 47–48. 4308:, pp. 45–46. 4206:, pp. 40–41. 4187:, pp. 17–18. 4021:, pp. 32–33. 3732:, pp. 14–15. 3688:, pp. 87–93. 3664:, pp. 93–95. 3648:, pp. 61–62. 3636:, pp. 78–86. 3621:, pp. 74–75. 3539:, pp. 62–66. 3527:, pp. 55–60. 3515:, pp. 52–53. 3475:, pp. 33–43. 3380:, pp. 17–18. 3315:, pp. 27–31. 3287:, pp. 76–77. 3126:Charles K. Graham 2994: 2993: 2928:African Americans 2914:Legacy and honors 2825:James A. Garfield 2790:James A. Garfield 2427:Burlingame Treaty 2387:Isthmus of Panama 2312:(commonly called 2298:Bland–Allison Act 2265:coinage of silver 2129:Hans L. Trefousse 2049:Alonzo B. Cornell 2041:Chester A. Arthur 2029:Chester A. Arthur 2003:William M. Evarts 1957:civil rights laws 1901:George W. McCrary 1855:Morrison R. Waite 1816:George W. McCrary 1792:Joseph P. Bradley 1717:electoral college 1546:Duluth, Minnesota 1479:state legislature 1434:lame-duck session 1357:Post-war politics 1339:brigadier general 1278:Shenandoah Valley 1228:brigadier general 1126:Leopold Markbreit 805:Dawes Act of 1887 666: 665: 534:Brigadier general 133:James A. Garfield 16:(Redirected from 16071: 15884: 15876: 15875: 15874: 15867: 15859: 15858: 15857: 15850: 15842: 15841: 15840: 15830: 15814: 15813: 15812: 15802: 15801: 15790: 15789: 15778: 15777: 15776: 15766: 15765: 15764: 15757: 15609:Race and Reunion 15556:Thomas Dixon Jr. 15446:William R. Brock 15436:C. Vann Woodward 15423:W. E. B. Du Bois 15413:Charles A. 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Grant 12619: 12618: 12601: 12594: 12587: 12578: 12577: 12488:Attorney General 12477:Alexander Ramsey 12463:Secretary of War 12437: 12436: 12393: 12386: 12379: 12370: 12369: 12361: 12360: 12135: 12128: 12121: 12112: 12111: 11760: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11367: 11360: 11353: 11344: 11343: 11097:Policy Committee 11073:House Conference 11063: 11062: 10746: 10745: 10303: 10302: 9723:2024 (Milwaukee) 9683:2016 (Cleveland) 9583:1996 (San Diego) 9283:1936 (Cleveland) 9223:1924 (Cleveland) 9003:1864 (Baltimore) 8903: 8902:Republican Party 8894: 8887: 8880: 8871: 8870: 8857: 8856: 8847: 8846: 8486:William McKinley 8476:Grover Cleveland 8456:Grover Cleveland 8416:Ulysses S. Grant 8366:Millard Fillmore 8316:Martin Van Buren 8266:Thomas Jefferson 8221: 8214: 8207: 8198: 8197: 8185: 8184: 8153:Ulysses S. Grant 8150:Preceded by 8125:Preceded by 8108:Governor of Ohio 8101:Jacob Dolson Cox 8098:Preceded by 8063:Ulysses S. Grant 8060:Preceded by 8041:Governor of Ohio 8024:Preceded by 8001:Governor of Ohio 7987:Jacob Dolson Cox 7984:Preceded by 7946:Preceded by 7936: 7935: 7924: 7923: 7909: 7908: 7723:Oakwood Cemetery 7673:Kanawha Division 7653: 7645: 7620: 7613: 7606: 7597: 7596: 7583: 7582: 7498: 7473: 7444: 7415: 7378: 7350: 7329: 7297: 7264: 7243: 7219: 7195: 7176: 7153: 7132: 7113: 7104: 7090: 7066: 7040: 7029: 7018: 7005: 6992:Personal Memoirs 6983: 6961: 6940: 6928: 6917: 6903: 6882: 6860: 6841: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6730:. Kos Media, LLC 6723: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6494: 6484: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6451: 6441: 6435: 6425: 6419: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6388: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6110: 6100: 6094: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6000: 5994: 5988: 5982: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5921: 5916:, pp. 464; 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5864: 5854: 5845: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5788: 5782: 5772: 5761: 5751: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5674: 5668: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5619: 5613: 5603: 5597: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5527: 5512: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5479:, pp. 1–2; 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5315: 5309: 5299: 5293: 5279: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5155: 5140: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5090: 5084: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4994: 4985: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4893: 4887: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4807: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4684: 4681:Internet Archive 4670: 4664: 4654: 4648: 4638: 4632: 4622: 4616: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4562: 4551: 4541: 4535: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4361: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4318: 4309: 4299: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4229: 4223: 4213: 4207: 4197: 4188: 4174: 4168: 4158: 4152: 4142: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4041: 4035: 4022: 4012: 4001: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3828: 3818: 3812: 3802: 3793: 3783: 3777: 3767: 3761: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3723: 3717: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3622: 3616: 3607: 3601: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3249:Maryville Online 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3216: 3210: 3200: 3191: 3185: 3176: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3144: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3110:Ulysses S. Grant 3106: 3100: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3060:, later married 3054: 2959: 2958: 2954:released in 1938 2900:Oakwood Cemetery 2865:W. E. B. Du Bois 2841:William McKinley 2837:Grover Cleveland 2782:Stanley Matthews 2751:attorney general 2747:Benjamin Bristow 2632:Indian Territory 2574:Oliver O. Howard 2546:Grover Cleveland 2542:allotment system 2375:Presidente Hayes 2282:Richard P. Bland 2233:but now for the 2196:a riot did erupt 2188:Henry M. Mathews 2172:New York Central 2053:George H. Sharpe 1933:Enforcement Acts 1913:Jackson Barracks 1828:Jackson Barracks 1756: 1752: 1656:Samuel J. Tilden 1592:Election of 1876 1555:Henry B. Banning 1471:Allen G. Thurman 1460:Governor of Ohio 1347:Washington, D.C. 1332:Ulysses S. Grant 1317:and advanced to 1271:Cloyd's Mountain 1255:John Hunt Morgan 1185:Army of Virginia 1168:Kanawha Division 1161:William McKinley 1149:Stanley Matthews 1137:William Dennison 1072:Republican Party 1056:insanity defense 1036:Rutherford Platt 1013:Episcopal Church 1009:Odd Fellows Club 930:Stanley Matthews 894:Norwalk Seminary 875:Oneida Community 757:Samuel J. Tilden 742:Republican Party 705: 704: 701: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 613: 583: 567:Kanawha Division 499:Military service 494: 406: 404: 400: 396: 333: 330:January 17, 1893 316: 314: 298:Personal details 284: 272: 263: 253: 242: 227: 219:Jacob Dolson Cox 215: 196: 184: 172: 151: 141:Governor of Ohio 129: 121:Ulysses S. Grant 117: 105: 94: 72: 71: 1870–1880 69: 64: 50: 49: 21: 16079: 16078: 16074: 16073: 16072: 16070: 16069: 16068: 15939:Burials in Ohio 15889: 15888: 15887: 15883:from Wikisource 15877: 15872: 15870: 15860: 15855: 15853: 15843: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15829:sister projects 15826:at Knowledge's 15820: 15810: 15808: 15796: 15784: 15774: 15772: 15762: 15760: 15752: 15750: 15745: 15744: 15739: 15722: 15713:White supremacy 15656: 15615: 15603:David W. Blight 15531: 15441:Joel Williamson 15418:Howard K. Beale 15319: 15308:Giles v. Harris 15252: 15243:Desert Land Act 15216: 15143: 15070: 14994: 14980:Long Depression 14950:Colfax massacre 14933: 14914:Salary Grab Act 14882: 14821: 14802:Kirk–Holden war 14770: 14704: 14611: 14538: 14451: 14432:Shaw University 14371: 14357:Wade–Davis Bill 14345: 14294: 14200: 14154: 13176: 13130: 13084: 12964: 12946: 12883:Horatio Seymour 12809: 12793: 12786: 12634:Abraham Lincoln 12624: 12610: 12605: 12575: 12570: 12551: 12546:Nathan Goff Jr. 12526: 12501: 12482: 12457: 12438: 12434: 12429: 12410: 12397: 12367: 12362: 12358: 12353: 12145: 12139: 12109: 12104: 11767: 11761: 11757: 11755: 11754: 11750: 11745: 11384: 11371: 11341: 11336: 11291: 11244: 11238: 11174: 11168: 11136: 11130: 11057: 11046: 11005: 10741: 10739: 10726: 10675:Chair elections 10670: 10292: 10191:D. B. Henderson 10179:T. J. Henderson 10104: 10101: 10099: 10094: 10090: 10083: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9886: 9759:administrations 9757: 9749: 9643:2008 (St. Paul) 9623:2004 (New York) 8968: 8965: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8952: 8945: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8868: 8863: 8835: 8761:F. D. Roosevelt 8713: 8707: 8706: 8705: 8586:John F. Kennedy 8566:Harry S. Truman 8536:Calvin Coolidge 8396:Abraham Lincoln 8376:Franklin Pierce 8236: 8230: 8225: 8190: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8163: 8155: 8145: 8143:Thomas L. Young 8136: 8130: 8120: 8111: 8103: 8088: 8077: 8065: 8055: 8053:William H. West 8044: 8029: 8019: 8004: 7989: 7974: 7965: 7959: 7951: 7929: 7921: 7916: 7880: 7863:Lucy Webb Hayes 7851: 7814:President Hayes 7795: 7727: 7656: 7648: 7637: 7629: 7624: 7580: 7556: 7537:, July 19, 1999 7481: 7476: 7462:10.2307/2711639 7433:10.2307/1902843 7318:10.2307/1892626 7272: 7267: 7261: 7240: 7216: 7192: 7173: 7150: 7129: 7087: 7063: 7047:Hoogenboom, Ari 7032: 7021: 7002: 6980: 6958: 6937: 6900: 6879: 6857: 6838: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6724: 6720: 6710: 6708: 6707:. USA Coin Book 6703: 6702: 6698: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6650: 6649: 6645: 6627: 6623: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6582: 6578: 6563: 6549: 6545: 6528: 6524: 6518:Hoogenboom 1995 6516: 6512: 6504: 6497: 6487:Hoogenboom 1995 6485: 6481: 6475:Hoogenboom 1995 6473: 6469: 6463:Hoogenboom 1995 6461: 6454: 6442: 6438: 6432:Hoogenboom 1995 6430:, p. 513; 6426: 6422: 6412:Hoogenboom 1995 6410: 6406: 6400:Hoogenboom 1995 6398: 6391: 6383: 6379: 6371: 6367: 6361:Hoogenboom 1995 6359: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6333:Hoogenboom 1995 6331: 6327: 6321:Hoogenboom 1995 6319: 6315: 6309:Hoogenboom 1995 6307: 6303: 6297:Hoogenboom 1995 6295: 6291: 6285:Hoogenboom 1995 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6236:Hoogenboom 1995 6234: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6210: 6201: 6193: 6189: 6183:Hoogenboom 1995 6181:, p. 132; 6177: 6173: 6165: 6156: 6150:Hoogenboom 1995 6148: 6144: 6134:Hoogenboom 1995 6132: 6128: 6122:Hoogenboom 1995 6120: 6113: 6101: 6097: 6087:Hoogenboom 1995 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6061:Loftus, David. 6059: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6033:Hoogenboom 1995 6031: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6009:Hoogenboom 1995 6007: 6003: 5997:Hoogenboom 1995 5995: 5991: 5985:Hoogenboom 1995 5983: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5961:Hoogenboom 1995 5959: 5955: 5947:, p. 109; 5943: 5939: 5931: 5924: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5878:Hoogenboom 1995 5876: 5867: 5857:Hoogenboom 1995 5855: 5848: 5834:Hoogenboom 1995 5832: 5828: 5822:Hoogenboom 1995 5820: 5813: 5807:Hoogenboom 1995 5805: 5801: 5793:, p. 337; 5791:Hoogenboom 1995 5789: 5785: 5777:, p. 335; 5775:Hoogenboom 1995 5773: 5764: 5754:Hoogenboom 1995 5752: 5745: 5739:Hoogenboom 1995 5737: 5733: 5727:Hoogenboom 1995 5725: 5718: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5688:Hoogenboom 1995 5686: 5677: 5669: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5638:Hoogenboom 1995 5636: 5632: 5620: 5616: 5608:, p. 334; 5606:Hoogenboom 1995 5604: 5600: 5588: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5566:Hoogenboom 1995 5560: 5556: 5548: 5544: 5530:Hoogenboom 1995 5528: 5515: 5503: 5499: 5493:Hoogenboom 1995 5491: 5487: 5481:Richardson 2001 5475:, p. 583; 5471: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5425:Hoogenboom 1995 5423: 5419: 5411: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5358:Hoogenboom 1995 5356: 5352: 5346:Hoogenboom 1995 5344: 5340: 5334:Hoogenboom 1995 5332: 5328: 5318:Hoogenboom 1995 5316: 5312: 5304:, p. 352; 5302:Hoogenboom 1995 5300: 5296: 5282:Hoogenboom 1995 5280: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5241:Hoogenboom 1995 5239: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5202:Hoogenboom 1995 5200: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5178:Hoogenboom 1995 5176: 5172: 5166:Richardson 2001 5162:Hoogenboom 1995 5156: 5143: 5133:Hoogenboom 1995 5131: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5095:, p. 138; 5091: 5087: 5073:Hoogenboom 1995 5071: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5037:Hoogenboom 1995 5035: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5013:Hoogenboom 1995 5011: 5007: 4999:, p. 113; 4995: 4988: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4915: 4911: 4905:Hoogenboom 1995 4903: 4896: 4888: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4863:Hoogenboom 1995 4857: 4853: 4847:Hoogenboom 1995 4845: 4841: 4835:Hoogenboom 1995 4829: 4825: 4817: 4810: 4794: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4758: 4754: 4748:Hoogenboom 1995 4746: 4742: 4730: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4687: 4671: 4667: 4659:, p. 260; 4657:Hoogenboom 1995 4655: 4651: 4641:Hoogenboom 1995 4639: 4635: 4625:Hoogenboom 1995 4623: 4619: 4609:Hoogenboom 1995 4607: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4565:Hoogenboom 1995 4563: 4554: 4544:Hoogenboom 1995 4542: 4538: 4532:Wayback Machine 4523: 4519: 4513:Hoogenboom 1995 4511: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4489:Hoogenboom 1995 4487: 4483: 4473:Hoogenboom 1995 4471: 4467: 4461:Hoogenboom 1995 4459: 4455: 4445:Hoogenboom 1995 4443: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4421:Hoogenboom 1995 4419: 4415: 4409:Hoogenboom 1995 4407: 4398: 4392:Hoogenboom 1995 4390: 4386: 4380:Hoogenboom 1995 4378: 4374: 4364:Hoogenboom 1995 4362: 4355: 4349:Hoogenboom 1995 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4323:, p. 214; 4321:Hoogenboom 1995 4319: 4312: 4302:Hoogenboom 1995 4300: 4291: 4285:Hoogenboom 1995 4283: 4279: 4269:Hoogenboom 1995 4267: 4263: 4257:Hoogenboom 1995 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4216:Hoogenboom 1995 4214: 4210: 4202:, p. 203; 4200:Hoogenboom 1995 4198: 4191: 4185:Richardson 2001 4177:Hoogenboom 1995 4175: 4171: 4161:Hoogenboom 1995 4159: 4155: 4145:Hoogenboom 1995 4143: 4134: 4128:Hoogenboom 1995 4126: 4122: 4116:Hoogenboom 1995 4114: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4092:Hoogenboom 1995 4090: 4083: 4077:Hoogenboom 1995 4075: 4071: 4065:Hoogenboom 1995 4063: 4059: 4053:Hoogenboom 1995 4051: 4044: 4038:Hoogenboom 1995 4036: 4025: 4015:Hoogenboom 1995 4013: 4004: 3998:Hoogenboom 1995 3996: 3989: 3983:Hoogenboom 1995 3981: 3977: 3971:Hoogenboom 1995 3969: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3947:Hoogenboom 1995 3945: 3941: 3931:Hoogenboom 1995 3929: 3925: 3919:Hoogenboom 1995 3917: 3913: 3907:Hoogenboom 1995 3905: 3898: 3892:Hoogenboom 1995 3890: 3886: 3880:Hoogenboom 1995 3878: 3874: 3864:Hoogenboom 1995 3862: 3858: 3852:Hoogenboom 1995 3850: 3846: 3840:Hoogenboom 1995 3838: 3831: 3823:, p. 115; 3821:Hoogenboom 1995 3819: 3815: 3807:, p. 114; 3805:Hoogenboom 1995 3803: 3796: 3788:, p. 113; 3786:Hoogenboom 1995 3784: 3780: 3772:, p. 107; 3770:Hoogenboom 1995 3768: 3764: 3754:Hoogenboom 1995 3752: 3748: 3742:Hoogenboom 1995 3740: 3736: 3724: 3720: 3710:Hoogenboom 1995 3708: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3686:Hoogenboom 1995 3684: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3662:Hoogenboom 1995 3656: 3652: 3646:Hoogenboom 1995 3644: 3640: 3634:Hoogenboom 1995 3632: 3625: 3619:Hoogenboom 1995 3617: 3610: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3577:Hoogenboom 1995 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3549:Hoogenboom 1995 3547: 3543: 3537:Hoogenboom 1995 3535: 3531: 3525:Hoogenboom 1995 3523: 3519: 3513:Hoogenboom 1995 3511: 3507: 3497:Hoogenboom 1995 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3473:Hoogenboom 1995 3471: 3467: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3434:Hoogenboom 1995 3432: 3428: 3418:Hoogenboom 1995 3416: 3412: 3408:, pp. 4–5. 3404: 3400: 3390:Hoogenboom 1995 3388: 3384: 3378:Hoogenboom 1995 3376: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3309:Hoogenboom 1995 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3281:Hoogenboom 1995 3279: 3275: 3271:, pp. 7–8. 3269:Hoogenboom 1995 3267: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3201: 3194: 3186: 3179: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3152:The White House 3146: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3107: 3103: 3094: 3090: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3055: 3051: 3047: 2988: 2986: 2950:a 19-cent issue 2916: 2805: 2720: 2714: 2706:prohibitionists 2688: 2672:Rocky Mountains 2652: 2617:White River War 2530:American Indian 2510: 2399:Monroe Doctrine 2389:, then part of 2335: 2271:. In 1873, the 2245: 2243:Currency debate 2144: 2138: 2125:Thomas J. Brady 2074:of Merritt and 2037:executive order 1985:Roscoe Conkling 1965: 1927:in 1879 with a 1887: 1847: 1842: 1836: 1808:Wormley's Hotel 1801:Thomas W. Ferry 1771:representatives 1754: 1750: 1735: 1727:Main articles: 1725: 1629:James G. Blaine 1605: 1600: 1594: 1519: 1486:Ohio's governor 1462: 1364: 1359: 1311:Philip Sheridan 1236: 1174:in present-day 1102: 1089: 997: 936:. He graduated 883: 822: 817: 676: 672: 658: 655: 585: 584: 579: 548: 482: 465: 408: 392: 388: 385: 372: 354:Political party 335: 331: 318: 317:October 4, 1822 312: 310: 309: 308: 282: 270: 264: 259: 243: 238: 225: 213: 207:John Calvin Lee 197: 192: 187:Thomas L. Young 182: 170: 164:Thomas L. Young 152: 147: 127: 115: 101: 95: 90: 73: 70: 55: 46: 42:President Hayes 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16077: 16067: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15886: 15885: 15868: 15866:from Wikiquote 15851: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15806: 15794: 15782: 15770: 15747: 15746: 15741: 15740: 15738: 15737: 15731: 15728: 15727: 15724: 15723: 15721: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15664: 15662: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15623: 15621: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15613: 15605: 15600: 15592: 15587: 15579: 15574: 15566: 15558: 15553: 15545: 15539: 15537: 15533: 15532: 15530: 15529: 15521: 15513: 15508: 15503: 15495: 15490: 15482: 15477: 15469: 15461: 15456: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15409: 15408: 15401:Dunning School 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15379:The Tragic Era 15375: 15370: 15362: 15357: 15349: 15344: 15338: 15336: 15335:Historiography 15329: 15325: 15324: 15321: 15320: 15318: 15317: 15312: 15304: 15299: 15291: 15283: 15275: 15267: 15260: 15258: 15254: 15253: 15251: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15224: 15222: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15214: 15209: 15207:1876 elections 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15151: 15149: 15145: 15144: 15142: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15078: 15076: 15072: 15071: 15069: 15068: 15063: 15061:1874 elections 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15002: 15000: 14996: 14995: 14993: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14964: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14941: 14939: 14935: 14934: 14932: 14931: 14926: 14924:1872 elections 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14890: 14888: 14884: 14883: 14881: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14829: 14827: 14823: 14822: 14820: 14819: 14814: 14812:1870 elections 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14782:15th Amendment 14778: 14776: 14772: 14771: 14769: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14723: 14718: 14712: 14710: 14706: 14705: 14703: 14702: 14697: 14695:1868 elections 14692: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14672: 14669: 14666: 14663: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14630: 14625: 14623:14th Amendment 14619: 14617: 14613: 14612: 14610: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14583: 14582: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14546: 14544: 14540: 14539: 14537: 14536: 14534:1866 elections 14530: 14529: 14524: 14517: 14510: 14505: 14498: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14459: 14457: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14418: 14417: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14396: 14395: 14385: 14383:13th Amendment 14379: 14377: 14373: 14372: 14370: 14369: 14364: 14362:1864 elections 14359: 14353: 14351: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14302: 14300: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14292: 14287: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14260: 14254: 14246: 14238: 14230: 14225: 14219: 14217: 14210: 14206: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14162: 14160: 14159:U.S. elections 14156: 14155: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14072: 14064: 14059: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13988: 13987: 13986: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13916: 13915: 13914: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13859: 13858: 13857: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13705: 13704: 13703: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13638: 13637: 13636: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13571: 13570: 13569: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13489: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13437: 13436: 13435: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13318: 13317: 13316: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13256: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13184: 13182: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13138: 13136: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13092: 13090: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13010: 13009: 13008: 13007: 13002: 12991: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12956: 12952: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12933: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12915:Lyman Trumbull 12912: 12907: 12905:Charles Sumner 12902: 12892: 12891: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12839: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12817: 12815: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12807: 12802: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12785: 12784: 12783: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12763: 12762: 12761: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12741: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12639:Andrew Johnson 12636: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12616: 12612: 12611: 12604: 12603: 12596: 12589: 12581: 12572: 12571: 12569: 12568: 12561: 12559: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12549: 12543: 12536: 12534: 12528: 12527: 12525: 12524: 12521:Horace Maynard 12518: 12511: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12499: 12496:Charles Devens 12492: 12490: 12484: 12483: 12481: 12480: 12474: 12467: 12465: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12455: 12448: 12446: 12440: 12439: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12427: 12420: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12396: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12373: 12364: 12363: 12356: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12138: 12137: 12130: 12123: 12115: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 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11284: 11279: 11277:Liberty Caucus 11274: 11272:ConservAmerica 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11248: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11178: 11176: 11170: 11169: 11167: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11140: 11138: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11109:Freedom Caucus 11101: 11100: 11099: 11089: 11088: 11087: 11082: 11069: 11067: 11060: 11052: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11044: 11042:Virgin Islands 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11017:American Samoa 11013: 11011: 11007: 11006: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10951:South Carolina 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10916:North Carolina 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10752: 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10015: 10009: 10003: 9997: 9991: 9985: 9979: 9973: 9967: 9961: 9955: 9949: 9943: 9937: 9931: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9906: 9904: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9884: 9878: 9872: 9866: 9860: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9830: 9824: 9818: 9812: 9806: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9776: 9770: 9763: 9761: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9744:2028 (Houston) 9740: 9739: 9738: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9680: 9679: 9678: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9563:1992 (Houston) 9560: 9559: 9558: 9540: 9539: 9538: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9503:1980 (Detroit) 9500: 9499: 9498: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9420: 9419: 9418: 9403:1960 (Chicago) 9400: 9399: 9398: 9380: 9379: 9378: 9363:1952 (Chicago) 9360: 9359: 9358: 9340: 9339: 9338: 9323:1944 (Chicago) 9320: 9319: 9318: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9263:1932 (Chicago) 9260: 9259: 9258: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9203:1920 (Chicago) 9200: 9199: 9198: 9183:1916 (Chicago) 9180: 9179: 9178: 9159:1912 (Chicago) 9156: 9146:1908 (Chicago) 9143: 9133:1904 (Chicago) 9130: 9117: 9104: 9091: 9081:1888 (Chicago) 9078: 9068:1884 (Chicago) 9065: 9055:1880 (Chicago) 9052: 9039: 9026: 9016:1868 (Chicago) 9013: 9000: 8990:1860 (Chicago) 8987: 8973: 8971: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8910: 8907: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8889: 8882: 8874: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8861: 8851: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8717: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8703: 8693: 8683: 8673: 8666:George W. Bush 8663: 8653: 8643: 8633: 8623: 8613: 8603: 8593: 8583: 8573: 8563: 8553: 8546:Herbert Hoover 8543: 8533: 8523: 8516:Woodrow Wilson 8513: 8503: 8493: 8483: 8473: 8463: 8453: 8443: 8433: 8423: 8413: 8406:Andrew Johnson 8403: 8393: 8386:James Buchanan 8383: 8373: 8363: 8356:Zachary Taylor 8353: 8343: 8333: 8323: 8313: 8306:Andrew Jackson 8303: 8293: 8283: 8273: 8263: 8253: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8235:Presidents and 8232: 8231: 8224: 8223: 8216: 8209: 8201: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8165: 8156: 8151: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8138: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8113: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8081: 8066: 8061: 8057: 8056: 8051: 8048: 8030: 8025: 8021: 8020: 8015: 8012: 7990: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7976: 7975: 7970: 7967: 7955:Member of the 7952: 7949:Alexander Long 7947: 7943: 7942: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7901: 7900: 7893: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7878: 7872: 7866: 7859: 7857: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7817: 7809: 7803: 7801: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7737: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7646: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7623: 7622: 7615: 7608: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7584: 7569: 7564: 7538: 7522: 7513: 7504: 7499: 7484: 7480: 7479:External links 7477: 7475: 7474: 7456:(2): 150–165. 7445: 7416: 7396:10.1086/643524 7390:(3): 451–463. 7379: 7369:(4): 485–488. 7358: 7357:(2014): 50–62. 7351: 7330: 7312:(3): 407–418. 7298: 7288:(4): 240–250. 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7259: 7244: 7238: 7220: 7214: 7196: 7190: 7177: 7171: 7154: 7148: 7133: 7127: 7114: 7105: 7095:Reid, Whitelaw 7091: 7085: 7067: 7061: 7042: 7041: 7030: 7019: 7007: 7006: 7000: 6984: 6978: 6962: 6956: 6941: 6935: 6918: 6904: 6899:978-0809334780 6898: 6883: 6877: 6861: 6855: 6842: 6836: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6787: 6769: 6741: 6718: 6696: 6681: 6669: 6643: 6621: 6603: 6596: 6576: 6562:978-0786479924 6561: 6543: 6522: 6510: 6495: 6479: 6467: 6452: 6436: 6434:, p. 539. 6420: 6418:, p. 151. 6404: 6389: 6377: 6375:, p. 506. 6365: 6353: 6341: 6339:, p. 156. 6325: 6313: 6311:, p. 483. 6301: 6289: 6277: 6252: 6250:, p. 549. 6240: 6238:, p. 457. 6228: 6216: 6214:, p. 129. 6199: 6187: 6185:, p. 454. 6171: 6154: 6152:, p. 458. 6142: 6140:, p. 480. 6126: 6124:, p. 384. 6111: 6109:, p. 480. 6105:, p. 82; 6095: 6079: 6053: 6051:, p. 124. 6049:Trefousse 2002 6041: 6039:, p. 173. 6025: 6023:, p. 123. 6021:Trefousse 2002 6013: 6001: 5989: 5977: 5965: 5953: 5945:Trefousse 2002 5937: 5922: 5906: 5904:, p. 597. 5894: 5882: 5865: 5846: 5826: 5824:, p. 387. 5811: 5809:, p. 338. 5799: 5797:, p. 444. 5783: 5781:, p. 443. 5762: 5760:, p. 442. 5743: 5731: 5729:, p. 416. 5716: 5704: 5702:, p. 107. 5700:Trefousse 2002 5692: 5675: 5654: 5652:, p. 358. 5642: 5640:, p. 356. 5630: 5614: 5598: 5594:Trefousse 2002 5582: 5580:, p. 585. 5570: 5568:, p. 328. 5554: 5542: 5513: 5511:, p. 117. 5497: 5485: 5483:, p. 121. 5465: 5463:, p. 416. 5453: 5441: 5439:, p. 144. 5437:Trefousse 2002 5429: 5417: 5402: 5390: 5378: 5366: 5364:, p. 456. 5350: 5348:, p. 370. 5338: 5326: 5322:Trefousse 2002 5310: 5306:Trefousse 2002 5294: 5290:Trefousse 2002 5269: 5257: 5245: 5230: 5218: 5214:Trefousse 2002 5206: 5194: 5192:, p. 418. 5182: 5180:, p. 402. 5170: 5168:, p. 161. 5141: 5125: 5123:, p. 244. 5121:Clendenen 1969 5113: 5109:Trefousse 2002 5101: 5097:Trefousse 2002 5085: 5083:, p. 142. 5065: 5061:Trefousse 2002 5053: 5041: 5029: 5025:Trefousse 2002 5017: 5005: 5003:, p. 246. 5001:Clendenen 1969 4986: 4970: 4945: 4933: 4921: 4909: 4907:, p. 286. 4894: 4892:, p. 158. 4879: 4877:, p. 157. 4867: 4851: 4849:, p. 279. 4839: 4823: 4808: 4798:, p. 75; 4796:Trefousse 2002 4788: 4776: 4772:Trefousse 2002 4764: 4752: 4740: 4732:Trefousse 2002 4724: 4720:Trefousse 2002 4712: 4700: 4685: 4665: 4649: 4633: 4617: 4601: 4597:Trefousse 2002 4589: 4585:Trefousse 2002 4577: 4575:, p. 557. 4552: 4536: 4517: 4505: 4501:Trefousse 2002 4493: 4481: 4465: 4453: 4437: 4433:Trefousse 2002 4425: 4413: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4353: 4341: 4337:Trefousse 2002 4329: 4310: 4306:Trefousse 2002 4289: 4277: 4261: 4249: 4224: 4220:Trefousse 2002 4208: 4204:Trefousse 2002 4189: 4181:Trefousse 2002 4169: 4153: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4106:, p. 564. 4096: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4042: 4023: 4019:Trefousse 2002 4002: 3987: 3975: 3963: 3959:Trefousse 2002 3951: 3939: 3937:, p. 161. 3923: 3911: 3896: 3884: 3872: 3870:, p. 160. 3856: 3844: 3829: 3813: 3794: 3792:, p. 210. 3778: 3776:, p. 204. 3762: 3746: 3744:, p. 100. 3734: 3730:Trefousse 2002 3718: 3702: 3698:Trefousse 2002 3690: 3678: 3674:Trefousse 2002 3666: 3650: 3638: 3623: 3608: 3593: 3591:, p. 167. 3581: 3569: 3565:Trefousse 2002 3557: 3555:, p. 114. 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3489: 3485:Trefousse 2002 3477: 3465: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3422:Trefousse 2002 3410: 3406:Trefousse 2002 3398: 3396:, p. 113. 3382: 3367: 3353: 3341: 3337:Trefousse 2002 3329: 3317: 3301: 3297:Trefousse 2002 3289: 3283:, p. 10; 3273: 3261: 3236: 3211: 3192: 3177: 3164: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3118: 3101: 3088: 3075: 3066: 3048: 3046: 3043: 2992: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2920:Ari Hoogenboom 2915: 2912: 2857:Henry W. Blair 2804: 2801: 2755:William Strong 2716:Main article: 2713: 2710: 2687: 2684: 2651: 2648: 2534:War Department 2509: 2506: 2484:embarked on a 2407:Mexican border 2351:Paraguayan War 2334: 2333:Foreign policy 2331: 2244: 2241: 2140:Main article: 2137: 2134: 2087:annual message 1973:Andrew Jackson 1964: 1961: 1891:Reconstruction 1886: 1883: 1853:Chief Justice 1846: 1843: 1838:Main article: 1835: 1832: 1724: 1721: 1685:Reconstruction 1677:South Carolina 1604: 1601: 1596:Main article: 1593: 1590: 1559:Kenyon College 1525:Hayes's home, 1518: 1515: 1475:black suffrage 1461: 1458: 1423:Andrew Johnson 1415:Reconstruction 1391:Andrew Johnson 1380:Alexander Long 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1235: 1232: 1172:Carnifex Ferry 1151:was appointed 1101: 1098: 1088: 1085: 1080:city solicitor 996: 993: 947:After briefly 938:Phi Beta Kappa 918:Kenyon College 887:common schools 882: 879: 865:and architect 826:Delaware, Ohio 821: 818: 816: 813: 773:Reconstruction 664: 663: 660: 659: 657: 656: 654: 653: 652: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 604: 599: 588: 578: 577: 576: 574: 570: 569: 564: 560: 559: 554: 550: 549: 547: 546: 536: 530: 528: 524: 523: 520: 516: 515: 505: 504:Branch/service 501: 500: 496: 495: 488: 484: 483: 481: 480: 477: 473: 471: 467: 466: 464: 463: 453: 446:Kenyon College 442: 440: 436: 435: 429: 425: 424: 414: 410: 409: 390: 386: 383:Lucy Ware Webb 381: 380: 378: 374: 373: 371: 370: 364: 357: 355: 351: 350: 345: 341: 340: 334:(aged 70) 328: 324: 323: 320:Delaware, Ohio 306: 304: 300: 299: 295: 294: 291: 290: 285: 279: 278: 276:Alexander Long 273: 267: 266: 256: 255: 237:Member of the 234: 233: 228: 222: 221: 216: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 189: 188: 185: 179: 178: 173: 167: 166: 161: 155: 154: 144: 143: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 118: 112: 111: 106: 103:Vice President 98: 97: 87: 86: 79: 78: 75: 74: 65: 57: 56: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16076: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15882: 15881: 15869: 15865: 15864: 15852: 15848: 15847: 15835: 15834: 15831: 15825: 15817: 15816:United States 15807: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15781: 15771: 15769: 15759: 15758: 15755: 15736: 15733: 15732: 15729: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15678:Habeas corpus 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15665: 15663: 15659: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15618: 15611: 15610: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15598: 15597: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15585: 15584: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15572: 15571: 15567: 15564: 15563: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15551: 15550: 15546: 15544: 15543:Winslow Homer 15541: 15540: 15538: 15534: 15527: 15526: 15522: 15519: 15518: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15501: 15500: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15475: 15474: 15473:After Slavery 15470: 15467: 15466: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15454: 15453: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15407: 15404: 15403: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15381: 15380: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15368: 15367: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15355: 15354: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15339: 15337: 15333: 15330: 15326: 15316: 15313: 15310: 15309: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15292: 15289: 15288: 15284: 15281: 15280: 15276: 15273: 15272: 15268: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15255: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15238:Nez Perce War 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15225: 15223: 15219: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15182: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15152: 15150: 15146: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15129:Delano affair 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15084: 15080: 15079: 15077: 15073: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15021:Red River War 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15003: 15001: 14997: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14985:Comstock laws 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14969: 14965: 14963: 14962: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14945:Panic of 1873 14943: 14942: 14940: 14936: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14891: 14889: 14885: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14830: 14828: 14824: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14779: 14777: 14773: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14756: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14728: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14713: 14711: 14707: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14690: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14673: 14670: 14667: 14664: 14661: 14658: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14635: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14620: 14618: 14614: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14581: 14578: 14577: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14541: 14535: 14532: 14531: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14522: 14518: 14516: 14515: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14460: 14458: 14454: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14437:New Departure 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14394: 14391: 14390: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14380: 14378: 14374: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14354: 14352: 14348: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14297: 14291: 14288: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14264: 14261: 14258: 14255: 14252: 14251: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14239: 14236: 14235: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14220: 14218: 14214: 14211: 14207: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14157: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14078: 14073: 14071: 14070: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14054: 14052: 14051: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13992: 13990: 13989: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13917: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13860: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13776: 13774: 13773: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13639: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13572: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13490: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13438: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13376: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13320: 13319: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13260: 13258: 13257: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13181:Gubernatorial 13179: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13133: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13087: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13045: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13015: 13012: 13011: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12997: 12996: 12993: 12992: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12973: 12972: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12960: 12957: 12953: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12920:Benjamin Wade 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12897: 12896: 12893: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12875: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12843:Carpetbaggers 12841: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12822: 12819: 12818: 12816: 12812: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12789: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12770:Edwin Stanton 12768: 12767: 12765: 12764: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12742: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12631: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12620: 12617: 12613: 12609: 12602: 12597: 12595: 12590: 12588: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12547: 12544: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12529: 12522: 12519: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12504: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12489: 12485: 12478: 12475: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12464: 12460: 12453: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12445: 12441: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12417: 12413: 12408: 12405: 12401: 12394: 12389: 12387: 12382: 12380: 12375: 12374: 12371: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12148: 12144: 12136: 12131: 12129: 12124: 12122: 12117: 12116: 12113: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11764: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11379: 11375: 11368: 11363: 11361: 11356: 11354: 11349: 11348: 11345: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11298: 11288: 11287:The Wish List 11285: 11283: 11282:Ripon Society 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11241: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11188: 11185: 11184: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11171: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11133: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11090: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11080: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11058:organizations 11053: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11008: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10991:West Virginia 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10896:New Hampshire 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10856:Massachusetts 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10744: 10737: 10733: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10673: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10276: 10273: 10270: 10267: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10192: 10189: 10186: 10183: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10165: 10162: 10159: 10156: 10153: 10150: 10147: 10144: 10141: 10138: 10135: 10132: 10129: 10126: 10123: 10120: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10097: 10092: 10086: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10058: 10055: 10052: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10031: 10028: 10025: 10022: 10019: 10016: 10013: 10010: 10007: 10004: 10001: 9998: 9995: 9992: 9989: 9986: 9983: 9980: 9977: 9974: 9971: 9968: 9965: 9962: 9959: 9956: 9953: 9950: 9947: 9944: 9941: 9938: 9935: 9932: 9929: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9914: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9895: 9889: 9882: 9879: 9876: 9873: 9870: 9869:G. H. W. Bush 9867: 9864: 9861: 9858: 9855: 9852: 9849: 9846: 9843: 9840: 9837: 9834: 9831: 9828: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9792: 9789: 9786: 9783: 9780: 9777: 9774: 9771: 9768: 9765: 9764: 9762: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9673: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9661: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9621: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9601: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9568: 9567:G. H. W. Bush 9564: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9547:G. H. W. Bush 9544: 9541: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9532: 9531:G. H. W. Bush 9528: 9524: 9523:1984 (Dallas) 9521: 9517: 9514: 9513: 9512: 9511:G. H. W. Bush 9508: 9504: 9501: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9461: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9441: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9381: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9341: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9301: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9281: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9221: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9181: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9021: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8961: 8954: 8948: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8915: 8912: 8911: 8908: 8904: 8895: 8890: 8888: 8883: 8881: 8876: 8875: 8872: 8860: 8852: 8850: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8806:G. H. W. Bush 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8781:L. B. Johnson 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8710: 8701: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8667: 8664: 8661: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8647: 8644: 8641: 8637: 8636:Ronald Reagan 8634: 8631: 8627: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8607: 8606:Richard Nixon 8604: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8571: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8524: 8521: 8517: 8514: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8491: 8487: 8484: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8467: 8464: 8461: 8457: 8454: 8451: 8447: 8444: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8417: 8414: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8381: 8377: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8347: 8346:James K. Polk 8344: 8341: 8337: 8334: 8331: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8307: 8304: 8301: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8281: 8277: 8276:James Madison 8274: 8271: 8267: 8264: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8222: 8217: 8215: 8210: 8208: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8193: 8186: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8135: 8129: 8128:William Allen 8123: 8119: 8110: 8109: 8102: 8096: 8091: 8087: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8064: 8058: 8054: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8028: 8022: 8018: 8011: 8007: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7995: 7988: 7982: 7977: 7973: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7913: 7912: 7903: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7887: 7886: 7883: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7816: 7815: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7698:Spiegel Grove 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7621: 7616: 7614: 7609: 7607: 7602: 7601: 7598: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7577: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7359: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7274: 7262: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7231: 7230: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7187: 7183: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7134: 7130: 7124: 7120: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7054: 7053: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7037: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6927: 6926: 6919: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6848: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6829: 6824: 6823: 6797: 6791: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6758: 6754: 6753: 6745: 6729: 6722: 6706: 6700: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6554: 6547: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6526: 6519: 6514: 6507: 6502: 6500: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6476: 6471: 6464: 6459: 6457: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6433: 6429: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6386: 6381: 6374: 6369: 6362: 6357: 6350: 6345: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6322: 6317: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6286: 6281: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6196: 6191: 6184: 6180: 6175: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6151: 6146: 6139: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6093:, p. xv. 6092: 6089:, p. 3; 6088: 6083: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6045: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 5998: 5993: 5986: 5981: 5974: 5969: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5890:Campbell 2016 5886: 5879: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5830: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5808: 5803: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5708: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5672: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5651: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5596:, p. 95. 5595: 5591: 5586: 5579: 5574: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5551: 5546: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5462: 5461:Klotsche 1935 5457: 5450: 5449:Klotsche 1935 5445: 5438: 5433: 5426: 5421: 5414: 5413:Klotsche 1935 5409: 5407: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5370: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5342: 5335: 5330: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5267:, p. 71. 5266: 5261: 5254: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5235: 5227: 5222: 5215: 5210: 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5122: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5099:, p. 92. 5098: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4978:Robinson 2001 4974: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4942: 4941:Robinson 2001 4937: 4930: 4929:Robinson 2001 4925: 4918: 4917:Robinson 2001 4913: 4906: 4901: 4899: 4891: 4890:Robinson 2001 4886: 4884: 4876: 4875:Robinson 2001 4871: 4864: 4860: 4859:Robinson 2001 4855: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4832: 4831:Robinson 2001 4827: 4820: 4819:Robinson 2001 4815: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4800:Robinson 2001 4797: 4792: 4785: 4780: 4774:, p. 74. 4773: 4768: 4761: 4760:Robinson 2001 4756: 4749: 4744: 4737: 4736:Robinson 2001 4733: 4728: 4722:, p. 71. 4721: 4716: 4709: 4708:Robinson 2001 4704: 4697: 4696:Robinson 2001 4692: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4663:, p. 63. 4662: 4661:Robinson 2001 4658: 4653: 4646: 4645:Robinson 2001 4642: 4637: 4630: 4629:Robinson 2001 4626: 4621: 4615:, p. 57. 4614: 4613:Robinson 2001 4610: 4605: 4599:, p. 62. 4598: 4593: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4521: 4514: 4509: 4503:, p. 59. 4502: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4457: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4422: 4417: 4410: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4393: 4388: 4381: 4376: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4358: 4350: 4345: 4338: 4333: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4253: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4222:, p. 42. 4221: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4124: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4100: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3961:, p. 30. 3960: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3893: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3700:, p. 10. 3699: 3694: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3670: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3620: 3615: 3613: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3590: 3585: 3579:, p. 73. 3578: 3573: 3566: 3561: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3459: 3454: 3447: 3442: 3436:, p. 25. 3435: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3402: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3351:, p. 53. 3350: 3345: 3338: 3333: 3327:, p. 41. 3326: 3321: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3204: 3203:Robinson 2001 3199: 3197: 3189: 3188:Robinson 2001 3184: 3182: 3174: 3168: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3139: 3127: 3122: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3084:Manning Force 3079: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2982: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2969:postage stamp 2965: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2908:Spiegel Grove 2905: 2904:Fremont, Ohio 2901: 2891: 2886: 2883: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2829:Spiegel Grove 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811:Hayes in 1886 2809: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2767:circuit court 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739:Supreme Court 2736: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2656: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2640:Standing Bear 2637: 2634:(present-day 2633: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2613:Nathan Meeker 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2514: 2508:Indian policy 2505: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435:San Francisco 2432: 2431:Panic of 1873 2428: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2415:Porfirio Díaz 2412: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347:Latin America 2339: 2330: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2318:fiat currency 2316:), a form of 2315: 2311: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2254: 2249: 2239: 2238:industrious." 2236: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2143: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117:John A. Logan 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091:Pendleton Act 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2076:Silas W. Burt 2073: 2068: 2066: 2065:Edwin Merritt 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969:spoils system 1960: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1896:45th Congress 1892: 1882: 1880: 1879:gold standard 1876: 1875:civil service 1872: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1851: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1599: 1589: 1587: 1586:anti-Catholic 1583: 1579: 1578:William Allen 1573: 1571: 1570:Spiegel Grove 1567: 1566:Panic of 1873 1562: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1532: 1531:Fremont, Ohio 1528: 1527:Spiegel Grove 1523: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1494:reform school 1491: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450:40th Congress 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1399:39th Congress 1392: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343:major general 1340: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1323:Fisher's Hill 1320: 1319:Opequon Creek 1316: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197:Robert E. Lee 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1176:West Virginia 1173: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1119:Know-Nothings 1116: 1111: 1107: 1093: 1084: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1042:, Lucy was a 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 943: 942:valedictorian 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 914:Ancient Greek 911: 907: 903: 899: 898:Norwalk, Ohio 895: 892: 888: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 831: 827: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 749: 747: 743: 739: 738:major general 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 703: 670: 661: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 614: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 593: 590: 589: 587: 586: 582: 575: 571: 568: 565: 561: 558: 555: 551: 544: 540: 539:Major general 537: 535: 532: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 506: 502: 497: 493: 489: 485: 478: 475: 474: 472: 468: 461: 457: 454: 451: 447: 444: 443: 441: 437: 433: 430: 426: 423: 419: 416:8, including 415: 411: 384: 379: 375: 368: 365: 362: 359: 358: 356: 352: 349: 346: 344:Resting place 342: 338: 337:Fremont, Ohio 329: 325: 321: 305: 301: 296: 292: 289: 286: 280: 277: 274: 268: 262: 257: 252: 247: 241: 235: 232: 229: 223: 220: 217: 211: 208: 205: 201: 195: 190: 186: 180: 177: 176:William Allen 174: 168: 165: 162: 160: 156: 150: 145: 142: 137: 134: 131: 125: 122: 119: 113: 110: 107: 104: 99: 93: 88: 85: 80: 76: 63: 58: 51: 48: 44: 43: 37: 33: 19: 16019:Ohio lawyers 15969:Hayes family 15878: 15861: 15849:from Commons 15844: 15823: 15718:Whitecapping 15688:Paramilitary 15661:Other topics 15642:Jim Crow era 15607: 15594: 15581: 15568: 15560: 15547: 15523: 15515: 15497: 15484: 15480:Leon Litwack 15471: 15463: 15450: 15427: 15391:John Burgess 15377: 15364: 15351: 15306: 15293: 15285: 15277: 15269: 15179: 15119:Whiskey Ring 15081: 15031:White League 14967: 14959: 14807:Shoffner Act 14753: 14726: 14687: 14570:Pulaski riot 14519: 14512: 14500: 14248: 14240: 14232: 14076: 14068: 12963:Presidential 12925:John Bingham 12863:White League 12848:Ku Klux Klan 12648: 12615:Participants 12515:David M. Key 12452:John Sherman 12406: 12228: 11845:Hickenlooper 11550: 11535: 11317:Bibliography 11077: 10956:South Dakota 10946:Rhode Island 10941:Pennsylvania 10921:North Dakota 9755:Presidential 9742: 9663:2012 (Tampa) 9045: 8967:presidential 8951:Presidential 8731:T. Roosevelt 8700:2021–present 8686:Donald Trump 8676:Barack Obama 8656:Bill Clinton 8626:Jimmy Carter 8425: 8286:James Monroe 8237:presidencies 8158: 8133: 8106: 8068: 8032: 7992: 7954: 7904: 7895: 7888: 7819: 7813: 7800:Public image 7626: 7546: 7532: 7492: 7453: 7449: 7427:(1): 45–60. 7424: 7420: 7387: 7383: 7366: 7362: 7354: 7341:(1): 68–87. 7338: 7334: 7309: 7305: 7285: 7281: 7249: 7228: 7224:Unger, Irwin 7204: 7181: 7162: 7138: 7118: 7109: 7099: 7075: 7051: 7035: 7024: 7013: 6991: 6969: 6946: 6924: 6912: 6888: 6868: 6846: 6827: 6814:Bibliography 6802:February 14, 6800:. Retrieved 6790: 6781: 6772: 6760:. Retrieved 6751: 6744: 6732:. Retrieved 6721: 6709:. Retrieved 6699: 6690: 6684: 6672: 6662:November 22, 6660:. 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Bryan 973:tuberculosis 946: 884: 835: 823: 784:meritocratic 781: 750: 723:abolitionist 712: 668: 667: 580: 573:Battles/wars 432:Carl Edwards 363:(until 1854) 332:(1893-01-17) 283:Succeeded by 260: 226:Succeeded by 193: 183:Succeeded by 148: 128:Succeeded by 91: 47: 41: 15919:1893 deaths 15904:1822 births 15511:Steven Hahn 15360:James Bryce 14919:Amnesty Act 14400:Black Codes 13089:U.S. Senate 12836:Politicians 12758:Waite Court 12753:Chase Court 12748:Taney Court 12630:Presidents 12567:(1877–1881) 12565:Carl Schurz 12542:(1877–1880) 12523:(1880–1881) 12517:(1877–1880) 12498:(1877–1881) 12479:(1879–1881) 12473:(1877–1879) 12454:(1877–1881) 12426:(1877–1881) 12409:(1877–1881) 12294:Tatgenhorst 12040:J. W. Brown 12025:J. W. Brown 11980:J. T. Brown 11421:Worthington 11135:Fundraising 11056:Affiliated 11037:Puerto Rico 10871:Mississippi 10786:Connecticut 10508:Summerfield 10283:(2019–2023) 10277:(2015–2019) 10271:(2007–2015) 10265:(1999–2007) 10259:(1995–1999) 10253:(1981–1995) 10247:(1973–1981) 10241:(1965–1973) 10235:(1959–1965) 10229:(1939–1959) 10223:(1931–1939) 10217:(1925–1931) 10211:(1919–1925) 10205:(1911–1919) 10199:(1903–1911) 10193:(1899–1903) 10187:(1895–1899) 10181:(1891–1895) 10175:(1889–1891) 10169:(1883–1889) 10163:(1881–1883) 10157:(1879–1881) 10151:(1877–1879) 10145:(1875–1877) 10139:(1869–1875) 10127:(1863–1869) 10121:(1861–1863) 10115:(1860–1861) 10074:(2003–2007) 10068:(1996–2003) 10062:(1985–1996) 10056:(1980–1985) 10050:(1979–1980) 10044:(1977–1979) 10038:(1969–1977) 10032:(1959–1969) 10026:(1953–1959) 10014:(1952–1953) 10008:(1949–1952) 10002:(1944–1949) 9996:(1941–1944) 9990:(1940–1941) 9984:(1933–1940) 9978:(1929–1933) 9972:(1924–1929) 9966:(1918–1924) 9960:(1913–1918) 9954:(1911–1913) 9948:(1908–1911) 9942:(1897–1908) 9936:(1891–1897) 9930:(1885–1891) 9924:(1884–1885) 9918:(1862–1884) 9912:(1859–1862) 9892:U.S. Senate 9883:(2017–2021) 9877:(2001–2009) 9871:(1989–1993) 9865:(1981–1989) 9859:(1974–1977) 9853:(1969–1974) 9847:(1953–1961) 9841:(1929–1933) 9835:(1923–1929) 9829:(1921–1923) 9823:(1909–1913) 9817:(1901–1909) 9811:(1897–1901) 9805:(1889–1893) 9799:(1881–1885) 9787:(1877–1881) 9781:(1869–1877) 9775:(1865–1868) 9769:(1861–1865) 8960:conventions 8616:Gerald Ford 7776:Villa Hayes 7644:(1877–1881) 7541:‹ The 6966:Foner, Eric 6734:October 24, 6711:December 2, 6416:Thelen 1970 6349:Thelen 1970 6337:Thelen 1970 6270:October 20, 6037:Sproat 1974 5973:Stuart 1977 5842:Rhodes 1919 5398:Sproat 1974 5386:Sproat 1974 4804:Sproat 1974 4784:Sproat 1974 4237:GovTrack.us 3003:Villa Hayes 2918:Biographer 2861:Slater Fund 2769:judge from 2765:Republican 2626:tribe from 2578:reservation 2570:an uprising 2551:speculators 2526:Carl Schurz 2518:Carl Schurz 2493:he boarded 2439:third party 2367:Villa Hayes 2194:, however, 2186:, Governor 1992:Carl Schurz 1977:examination 1909:New Orleans 1867:White House 1824:New Orleans 1783:David Davis 1777:, and five 1701:Connecticut 1557:, a fellow 1327:Cedar Creek 1302:Jubal Early 1001:Chillicothe 949:reading law 842:Connecticut 838:New England 369:(from 1854) 271:Preceded by 214:Preceded by 171:Preceded by 116:Preceded by 16009:Ohio Whigs 15893:Categories 15863:Quotations 15637:Gilded Age 15493:Eric Foner 15197:Cattellism 15094:Red Shirts 14209:Key events 13135:U.S. House 12868:Red Shirts 12194:Cunningham 11766:Lieutenant 11731:Strickland 11481:M. Bartley 11476:T. Bartley 11406:Huntington 10986:Washington 10906:New Mexico 10901:New Jersey 10776:California 10587:Fahrenkopf 10582:Fahrenkopf 10503:Gabrielson 10113:Pennington 10103:Conference 10089:U.S. House 9910:J. P. Hale 9900:Conference 9875:G. W. Bush 9845:Eisenhower 9627:G. W. Bush 9607:G. W. Bush 9387:Eisenhower 9367:Eisenhower 8816:G. W. Bush 8771:Eisenhower 8721:Washington 8712:Presidency 8336:John Tyler 8256:John Adams 8164:1877–1881 8137:1876–1877 8112:1868–1872 8070:Republican 8034:Republican 7994:Republican 7966:1865–1867 7869:Webb Hayes 7733:Presidency 6677:Smith 1980 6491:Foner 2002 6448:Swint 1952 6444:Hayes 1922 6385:Swint 1952 5918:White 2016 5902:White 2016 5650:Unger 2008 5626:Hayes 1922 5578:Foner 2002 5550:Bruce 1989 5505:Bruce 1989 5473:Foner 2002 5077:Foner 2002 4997:Dodds 2013 4982:Foner 2002 4573:Foner 2002 4273:Foner 2002 4104:Grant 2003 3207:Foner 2002 3135:References 3039:Hayes Hall 3001:(capital: 2853:vocational 2702:Protestant 2697:temperance 2500:, a screw 2486:world tour 2383:Suez Canal 2371:department 2363:Gran Chaco 2327:hard money 2314:greenbacks 2206:Pittsburgh 2121:star route 1941:Red Shirts 1812:compromise 1796:filibuster 1719:majority. 1713:unredeemed 1705:New Jersey 1660:hard-money 1315:Berryville 1064:Ohio River 1044:teetotaler 1038:(1858). A 989:Cincinnati 906:Middletown 859:John Noyes 746:Half-Breed 719:Cincinnati 508:Union Army 476:Politician 470:Occupation 422:Rutherford 367:Republican 313:1822-10-04 203:Lieutenant 159:Lieutenant 66:Portrait, 15768:Biography 15257:Aftermath 14968:Virginius 14904:Modoc War 12955:Elections 12900:Stalwarts 12858:Redeemers 12657:Congress 12404:President 12239:Stevenson 12214:Groesbeck 12154:Alexander 12070:Hollister 12055:Shoemaker 12050:Voinovich 11935:Greenlund 11768:governors 11721:Hollister 11716:Voinovich 11631:J. M. Cox 11621:J. M. Cox 11531:J. D. Cox 11389:Governors 11374:Governors 11307:Primaries 11243:Factional 11173:Sectional 11010:Territory 10996:Wisconsin 10961:Tennessee 10866:Minnesota 10841:Louisiana 10742:territory 10740:state and 10627:Gillespie 10612:Nicholson 10548:R. Morton 10528:T. Morton 10413:Rosewater 10403:Hitchcock 10393:Cortelyou 10215:Longworth 10078:McConnell 9958:Gallinger 9815:Roosevelt 9736:primaries 9716:primaries 9696:primaries 9676:primaries 9656:primaries 9636:primaries 9616:primaries 9596:primaries 9576:primaries 9556:primaries 9536:primaries 9516:primaries 9496:primaries 9476:primaries 9456:primaries 9436:primaries 9427:Goldwater 9416:primaries 9396:primaries 9376:primaries 9356:primaries 9336:primaries 9316:primaries 9296:primaries 9276:primaries 9256:primaries 9236:primaries 9216:primaries 9196:primaries 9191:Fairbanks 9176:primaries 9141:Fairbanks 9137:Roosevelt 9128:Roosevelt 8969:primaries 8714:timelines 8696:Joe Biden 8690:2017–2021 8680:2009–2017 8670:2001–2009 8660:1993–2001 8650:1989–1993 8640:1981–1989 8630:1977–1981 8620:1974–1977 8610:1969–1974 8600:1963–1969 8590:1961–1963 8580:1953–1961 8570:1945–1953 8560:1933–1945 8550:1929–1933 8540:1923–1929 8530:1921–1923 8520:1913–1921 8510:1909–1913 8500:1901–1909 8490:1897–1901 8480:1893–1897 8470:1889–1893 8460:1885–1889 8450:1881–1885 8430:1877–1881 8420:1869–1877 8410:1865–1869 8400:1861–1865 8390:1857–1861 8380:1853–1857 8370:1850–1853 8360:1849–1850 8350:1845–1849 8340:1841–1845 8320:1837–1841 8310:1829–1837 8300:1825–1829 8290:1817–1825 8280:1809–1817 8270:1801–1809 8260:1797–1801 8250:1789–1797 7509:from the 7412:143506388 7226:(2008) . 6990:(2003) . 6968:(2002) . 6762:March 10, 6571:948561021 5374:Paul 1998 5265:Paul 1998 4242:March 23, 3935:Reid 1868 3868:Reid 1868 2786:Jay Gould 2609:Ute tribe 2564:, led by 2562:Nez Perce 2355:Argentina 2302:inflation 2219:St. Louis 2192:Baltimore 1707:. In the 1673:Louisiana 1611:Original 1561:alumnus. 1397:When the 1306:Kernstown 1298:Lynchburg 1181:John Pope 1110:civil war 1087:Civil War 1040:Methodist 1032:Webb Cook 1028:Lucy Webb 963:, he was 891:Methodist 553:Regiments 522:1861–1865 487:Signature 439:Education 428:Relatives 261:In office 194:In office 149:In office 92:In office 82:19th 15792:Politics 15735:Category 15703:Suffrage 14638:Timeline 12853:Scalawag 12831:Freedman 12349:Wenstrup 12334:Gradison 12289:Stephens 12269:Bromwell 12264:Caldwell 12209:Harrison 12204:Campbell 12159:Campbell 12075:O'Connor 11950:C. Brown 11925:Pomerene 11920:Treadway 11895:Caldwell 11850:Richards 11810:McBurney 11805:Anderson 11701:Gilligan 11681:J. Brown 11606:Pattison 11591:Bushnell 11586:McKinley 11581:Campbell 11526:Anderson 11511:Dennison 11446:McArthur 11426:E. Brown 11332:Trumpism 11187:Chairmen 11104:Factions 11066:Congress 10981:Virginia 10931:Oklahoma 10911:New York 10886:Nebraska 10876:Missouri 10861:Michigan 10851:Maryland 10836:Kentucky 10816:Illinois 10791:Delaware 10781:Colorado 10771:Arkansas 10661:McDaniel 10637:Martínez 10573:Richards 10488:Brownell 10483:Spangler 10468:Hamilton 10463:Fletcher 10373:Campbell 10368:Clarkson 10338:Chandler 10281:McCarthy 10257:Gingrich 10096:Speakers 10024:Knowland 9833:Coolidge 9809:McKinley 9803:Harrison 9791:Garfield 9227:Coolidge 9211:Coolidge 9124:McKinley 9111:McKinley 9098:Harrison 9085:Harrison 9059:Garfield 8958:national 8849:Category 8751:Coolidge 8726:McKinley 7911:Category 7741:Red Room 7576:LibriVox 7543:template 7404:30015511 7375:40292342 7347:27551831 7294:27566958 7270:Articles 7202:(2002). 7097:(1868). 7073:(1981). 7049:(1995). 6910:(1876). 6867:(2017). 4528:Archived 3015:Asuncion 2636:Oklahoma 2628:Nebraska 2586:Bear Paw 2568:, began 2497:Vandalia 2437:, and a 2391:Colombia 2369:) and a 2359:Paraguay 2286:Missouri 2261:currency 2209:General 2014:John Jay 2012:ordered 1994:, to be 1981:Stalwart 1863:Red Room 1775:senators 1689:freedman 1665:New York 1642:New York 1467:suffrage 1419:freedmen 1407:radicals 1403:moderate 1280:for the 1217:Antietam 1205:Maryland 1068:Kentucky 1007:and the 965:admitted 953:Columbus 854:Branford 846:Scotland 769:Whiggish 581:See list 563:Commands 413:Children 254:district 15754:Portals 15328:Aspects 14727:Alabama 14393:Address 14216:Prelude 13172:1876–77 13167:1874–75 13162:1872–73 13157:1870–71 13152:1868–69 13147:1866–67 13142:1864–65 13126:1876–77 13121:1874–75 13116:1872–73 13111:1870–71 13106:1868–69 13101:1866–67 13096:1864–65 12400:Cabinet 12344:Schmidt 12339:Portman 12304:Bigelow 12244:Banning 12184:Webster 12174:Shields 12085:Johnson 12080:Bradley 12060:Leonard 12045:Celeste 12035:Donahey 12030:Herbert 12015:Herbert 12005:Herbert 11985:Pickrel 11970:Pickrel 11930:Nichols 11910:Harding 11900:Nippert 11880:Marquis 11875:Lampson 11860:Kennedy 11855:Warwick 11835:Curtiss 11820:Mueller 11800:Stanton 11711:Celeste 11691:DiSalle 11686:O'Neill 11676:Lausche 11671:Herbert 11666:Lausche 11661:Bricker 11641:Donahey 11601:Herrick 11576:Foraker 11471:Shannon 11461:Shannon 11441:Trimble 11431:Trimble 11312:Debates 11300:Related 11001:Wyoming 10976:Vermont 10881:Montana 10821:Indiana 10801:Georgia 10796:Florida 10766:Arizona 10756:Alabama 10736:Parties 10666:Whatley 10656:Priebus 10632:Mehlman 10622:Racicot 10617:Gilmore 10607:Barbour 10597:Yeutter 10592:Atwater 10513:Roberts 10458:Sanders 10343:Cameron 10328:Claflin 10318:Raymond 10289:(2023–) 10287:Johnson 10269:Boehner 10263:Hastert 10233:Halleck 10209:Gillett 10143:McCrary 10131:Pomeroy 10091:leaders 10080:(2007–) 10048:Stevens 10030:Dirksen 10012:Bridges 9946:E. Hale 9940:Allison 9934:Sherman 9928:Edmunds 9922:Sherman 9916:Anthony 9894:leaders 9827:Harding 9773:Johnson 9767:Lincoln 9331:Bricker 9307:Willkie 9207:Harding 9167:Sherman 9154:Sherman 9050:Wheeler 9011:Johnson 9007:Lincoln 8994:Lincoln 8981:Frémont 8953:tickets 8914:History 8811:Clinton 8776:Kennedy 8746:Harding 8073:nominee 8037:nominee 7997:nominee 7545:below ( 7527:, from 7470:2711639 7441:1902843 7326:1892626 7161:(ed.). 3229:May 19, 3157:May 19, 2771:Alabama 2737:to the 2695:wife's 2605:rose up 2602:Bannock 2590:Montana 2456:impeach 2411:bandits 2215:Chicago 1865:of the 1773:, five 1683:—where 1681:Florida 1669:Indiana 1550:cabinet 1488:had no 1452:on the 1221:colonel 1187:at the 1157:private 1106:Lincoln 969:Fremont 922:Gambier 830:Vermont 801:Indians 792:US Army 609: ( 407: 391: 387: 15620:Legacy 15612:(2001) 15599:(1939) 15586:(1915) 15573:(1905) 15565:(1902) 15552:(1876) 15536:Memory 15528:(2019) 15520:(2003) 15502:(1988) 15489:(1979) 15476:(1965) 15468:(1947) 15455:(1963) 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