297:
for domestic needs. The dispute reached a peak on 1 January 2006, when Russia cut off all gas supplies passing through
Ukrainian territory. On 4 January 2006, a preliminary agreement between Russia and Ukraine was achieved, and the supply was restored. The situation calmed until October 2007 when new disputes began over Ukrainian gas debts. This led to reduction of gas supplies in March 2008. During the last months of 2008, relations once again became tense when Ukraine and Russia could not agree on the debts owed by Ukraine.
30:
2188:
2224:
2212:
2200:
430:
115:
416:
234:. More generally, it allows Russia to reduce its isolation due to the crisis in Ukraine. For China, the deal helps lessen its dependence on coal to produce electric power, using a cleaner method of electricity generation through natural gas. It also helps meet the country's growing demand for natural gas.
292:
have been involved in a number of disputes. These disputes have grown beyond simple business disputes into transnational political issues that threaten natural gas supplies in numerous
European countries dependent on natural gas imports from Russian suppliers, which are transported through Ukraine.
296:
During 2005, Russia claimed
Ukraine was not paying for gas, but diverting that which was intended to be exported to the EU from the pipelines. Ukrainian officials at first denied the accusation, but later Naftogaz admitted that natural gas intended for other European countries was retained and used
300:
In
January 2009, this disagreement resulted in supply disruptions in many European nations, with eighteen European countries reporting major drops in or complete cut-offs of their gas supplies transported through Ukraine from Russia. In September 2009 officials from both countries stated they felt
82:
There is a long history of subsidy of natural gas in Russia. Subsidies for natural gas has been one of the reasons for the limited growth of renewable energy in the country. However, it is difficult to estimate the extent of subsidy, as there is no benchmark price. Often netback calculations have
174:
Russia began to restrict gas supply to the EU in response to countries expressing support for
Ukraine. The supply of gas has not been made a subject of EU sanctions, although the payment system was restricted. Germany, previously the main purchaser of Russian gas, reduced, then ceased imports by
213:
Tentative agreements had been reached several times since 2005, but each time final negotiations broke down over price. The agreed upon price was not disclosed, but those familiar with the situation said getting a lower price than
European buyers was a key demand of China in the negotiations.
205:
after a decade of negotiations. Under the agreement, Russia will supply China 38bcm of natural gas each year for 30 years, starting in 2018. Both countries will be responsible for building new infrastructure to make the transport possible. Russia will spend about US$ 55 billion to build a
86:
Gazprom has had its gas sale price to domestic and industrial customers regulated by the
Russian government since 1991, sometimes close to the operational cost, meaning that it needs to obtain high export sale values to generate a profit to subsidise the poor domestic return.
380:
241:
pipeline, was commissioned in
December 2019. Carrying a maximum of 61 bcm per annum, it runs 3,968 km (2,466 mi) to the Chinese border, where it then connect to a 3,371 km (2,095 mi) pipeline to distribute the gas in China.
324:
company in which
Gazprom controls a 50% stake. Russia accused the Ukrainian side of siphoning gas from pipelines passing through Ukraine in 2009. Several high-ranking Ukrainian officials stated the return "would not be quick".
359:, caused the weaponising of natural gas, which Russia tried to use to stop Western European countries from providing support to Ukraine. Threatening and then actually restricting gas supplies to Western Europe resulted in
218:, making the deal closer to what Russia had wanted than to what China had been asking for. The total value of the deal was estimated at US$ 400 billion. It will increase Russian exports to countries not part of the former
225:
The agreement was reached as
Chinese and Russian leaders met to discuss greater cooperation in Asia without involvement of Western powers. It was seen as an important political and economic victory for Russian President
1113:
305:. However, in October 2009, another disagreement arose about the amount of gas Ukraine would import from Russia in 2010. Ukraine intended to import less gas in 2010 as a result of reduced industry needs because of its
153:
Russia flares more than any other country. The level of flaring increased in 2022 following the loss of the export pipelines to the EU to 1.6 bcm per annum, 9,000 tonnes of CO2 being emitted daily.
210:, while China will spend $ 20 billion on infrastructure within its borders. The Kovykta and Chayanda gas fields which will supply the majority of the natural gas are currently largely undeveloped.
98:
subsidies as the largest). Between 2014 and 2021 domestic gas prices in Russia increased annually by between 2% and 7%, in 2022 prices rose 8.5% with a 2023 price rise of a further 8%.
333:
In 2014, Russia seized Crimea and took assets belonging to Ukraine, with no compensation paid. In 2023, A court in The Hague ordered Russia to pay US$ 5 billion in compensation to
70:
estimates Russian reserves to be 33 tcm. Additionally, Russia is likely to have the largest volume of undiscovered natural gas deposits, an additional 6.7 tcm, according to 2011
1121:
2146:
567:
1670:
594:
629:
1543:
2166:
2141:
2106:
2079:
1397:
230:. It allows Russia to diversify its natural business outside of Europe and weakens the force of economic sanctions placed by the West in the aftermath of the
1170:
1027:
182:
Production of Russian gas in 2022 was 20% lower than in 2021 and it is likely to be years before Russia will find alternative buyers for the lost 120 bcm
2131:
346:
836:
249:, with a 50 bcm annual capacity that will run 6,700 km (4,200 mi) across Russia, Mongolia and China is proposed for construction 2024-2029.
2156:
1818:
1508:
793:
494:
962:
207:
231:
1758:
2063:
1315:
983:
479:
1834:
1345:
489:
1602:
1563:
309:; however, Gazprom insisted that Ukraine fulfill its contractual obligations and purchase the previously agreed upon quantities of gas.
2151:
2087:
1637:
1584:
510:
452:
393:
Gazprom published a loss during the second half of 2022 of 1.3 trillion roubles ($ 17.3 billion) after losing 75% of its export sales.
390:
Sanctions on Russian banks make it hard for Gazprom to receive money from international sales, which in 2022 fell 45.5% to 100.9bcm.
1716:
571:
484:
397:
368:
1184:
2020:
2015:
1813:
306:
591:
125:
The use of natural gas cars in Russia is encouraged by the government. Aftermarket conversion kits are sold by companies like
2039:
1801:
302:
1957:
1048:
515:
202:
2068:
1991:
17:
2114:
1981:
1680:
443:
384:
1921:
1909:
473:
1523:
170:
in 2020 received over 50% of its natural gas from Russia, with around 40% in 2021 (140 bcm). In 2022, following the
1996:
1808:
1149:
352:
2058:
520:
274:
71:
2250:
1630:
53:, shipping an estimated 250 bcm a year. In 2022 the export market was significantly downsized , following the
2119:
1763:
1726:
499:
301:
the situation was under control and that there would be no more conflicts over the topic, at least until the
1940:
1796:
1748:
1081:
376:
372:
201:
On 21 May 2014, Russia and China announced an agreement between state controlled gas companies Gazprom and
95:
749:
2101:
1986:
1895:
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171:
91:
83:
been used, but there are arguments against their validity in determining the size of domestic subsidies.
54:
1292:
2136:
1928:
1770:
1711:
1706:
937:
141:
bus manufacturing company makes gas-powered buses using Daimler engines. A natural gas variant of the
2192:
2171:
2124:
1623:
1349:
1007:
807:
137:
has a network of 254 filling stations in the country, with plans to reach 500 stations by 2020. The
2161:
1660:
2228:
1976:
1904:
1733:
468:
404:
was the last remaining point through which natural gas flowed from Russia to Europe via Ukraine.
1323:
1743:
1738:
463:
316:
of Ukraine must return 12.1 billion cubic metres (430 billion cubic feet) of gas to
1775:
476: – Exposure of poor and marginalised groups to an increased share of environmental harms
258:
190:
66:
estimate, the country also has the largest proven reserves (47 trillion cubic meters (tcm)).
1585:"Russian Gas Exports Outside Ex-Soviet States Fell 46 Percent In 2022, Gazprom Figures Show"
94:
estimated 2021 gas subsidies at 42 billion USD, the largest in the world (it also estimated
1780:
545:
74:
estimations. Russia consumes approximately 460 bcm a year. Flaring is a problem in Russia.
50:
8:
1544:"Gazprom: Nord Stream 1 gas to stay shut until fault fixed, "workshop conditions needed""
356:
1487:
1028:"Gazprom in Search of New Natural Gas Markets After Exports to Europe Plummeted in 2022"
504:
246:
62:
1248:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2031:
1675:
1665:
707:
664:
647:
913:"Газовые автобусы НЕФАЗ будут обслуживать Чемпионат мира по футболу в Екатеринбурге"
861:
706:
Lunden, Lars Petter; Fjaertoft, Daniel; Overland, Indra; Prachakova, Alesia (2012).
214:
However, Russian representatives said the price would fluctuate based on the market
1933:
1889:
1646:
729:
719:
686:
676:
458:
238:
708:"Gazprom vs. other Russian gas producers: The evolution of the Russian gas sector"
1869:
1371:
912:
681:
598:
1270:
1226:
1204:
724:
665:"Pricing Pain: Social Discontent and Political Willpower in Russia's Gas Sector"
1701:
1488:"Бойко объяснил Фирташу, что газ он быстро не получит | Украинская правда"
1445:
1012:
227:
167:
766:
2244:
2216:
2204:
1950:
1945:
1753:
1171:"Russia announces progress with China on the Power of Siberia 2 gas pipeline"
613:"An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World"
435:
421:
364:
360:
2073:
317:
219:
215:
1524:"Russia cuts more gas supplies to Europe as inflation hits another record"
1864:
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691:
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by 25% and make China the country's 2nd largest customer, after Germany.
46:
42:
340:
29:
1419:
367:
having had its commissioning put on hold by Germany following Russia's
142:
1509:"Ukraine's Naftogaz declares victory over Russia in $ 5B court battle"
1446:"Ukraine to remain without gas because of RosUkrEnergo? | Events"
612:
57:
and Russia reducing exports after countries refused to pay in rubles.
1879:
1874:
1564:"Germany freezes Nord Stream 2 gas project as Ukraine crisis deepens"
1423:
1372:"There are no controversies on gas issues between Ukraine and Russia"
1147:
886:
649:
Russian Renewable Energy: The Potential for International Cooperation
262:
130:
1466:
1615:
1150:"Russia and China Agree on Long-Sought Natural Gas Supply Contract"
963:"Russia burns gas into the atmosphere while cutting supplies to EU"
334:
313:
289:
119:
33:
Russian natural gas production (red) and exports (black), 1993–2011
114:
2050:
2007:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1548:
705:
429:
285:
134:
126:
446: – Worldwide crisis affected by shortage of energy supplies
1968:
1844:
1603:"Is it the end for Russian gas supplies to Europe via Ukraine?"
401:
179:
countries. 2022 saw the EU buy just 60 bcm of gas from Russia.
38:
189:
The EU aims to end gas imports from Russia by 2027, including
1375:
138:
133:
vehicles are sold with natural gas systems. As of late 2016,
794:"Russia approves big hikes in Gazprom's domestic gas prices"
1916:
1148:
Brain Speglee; Wayne Ma; Gregory L. White (May 21, 2014).
1528:
1049:"The EU can manage without Russian liquified natural gas"
1008:"EU gas supply: When Russia went into self-destruct mode"
750:"Domestic Gas Prices in Russia - Towards Export Netback?"
448:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
312:
On 8 June 2010, a Stockholm court of arbitration ruled
183:
176:
67:
2142:
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
523: – Disputes between Naftogaz Ukrayiny and Gazprom
106:
In 2022 over 40% of electricity was generated by gas.
1398:"Gazprom sees political risk to Ukraine gas payments"
610:
507: – Wholesale prices in the market of natural gas
341:
Effect on Russian natural gas during war with Ukraine
1420:"Ukraine, Russia's Gazprom disagree on 2010 imports"
1346:"Ukraine says has good winter gas stocks for Europe"
1285:
411:
261:
is imported from Russia through pipelines under the
837:"Russia Skips Hybrids in Push for Natural Gas Cars"
2080:Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!
1114:"China signs 30-year deal for Russian natural gas"
568:"Table 3.2 Natural gas proven reserves by country"
1293:"18 countries affected by Russia-Ukraine gas row"
1185:"Turkey-Russia Energy Cooperation on Natural Gas"
662:
2242:
1412:
1053:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
645:
495:List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
455: – Fossil fuel financing-related conflicts
1631:
1338:
808:"Russian Federation | Electricity Transition"
49:(bcm) of gas a year, and the world's largest
1467:"Бойко обещает как-то удовлетворить Фирташа"
480:List of countries by natural gas consumption
2132:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
1348:. Reuters. 7 September 2009. Archived from
1079:
830:
828:
490:List of countries by natural gas production
371:of the Ukrainian separatist regions of the
363:deliveries being halted indefinitely, with
347:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
41:was the world's second-largest producer of
2088:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
1638:
1624:
1313:
938:"Метановая Лада Веста стала мелкосерийной"
663:Overland, Indra; Kutschera, Hilde (2011).
511:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
1263:
1241:
1219:
1197:
1082:"China and Russia Reach 30-Year Gas Deal"
788:
786:
733:
723:
690:
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646:Overland, Indra; Kjaernet, Heidi (2009).
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485:List of countries by natural gas exports
268:
175:December 2022, as had most of the other
113:
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624:
622:
540:
538:
536:
14:
2243:
1814:Russian floating nuclear power station
1521:
834:
783:
453:2022 Russia–European Union gas dispute
288:and the Ukrainian oil and gas company
1619:
1316:"Russia-Europe Gas Spat Ends—For Now"
1136:
1099:
1066:
997:
973:
592:BP Statistical Review of World Energy
303:Ukrainian 2010 presidential elections
284:Since 2005, the Russian gas supplier
118:NefAZ bus with methane gas engine in
45:, producing an estimated 701 billion
1958:Russia in the European energy sector
1645:
917:Национальная Газомоторная Ассоциация
619:
533:
516:Russia in the European energy sector
208:pipeline from Siberia to Vladivostok
203:China National Petroleum Corporation
1992:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
835:Kramer, Andrew E. (11 April 2013).
383:, was followed by the September 26
24:
1982:2007 Russian North Pole expedition
1835:Electric power companies of Russia
1314:Cendrowicz, Leo (9 January 2009).
1227:"Ukraine gas row hits EU supplies"
1205:"EU reaches gas deal with Ukraine"
385:2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
25:
2262:
2040:2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis
1271:"Ukraine takes extra Russian gas"
1249:"Ukraine 'stealing Europe's gas'"
1120:. AP. 21 May 2014. Archived from
630:Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report
474:Environmental injustice in Europe
2222:
2210:
2198:
2187:
2186:
1997:Territorial claims in the Arctic
428:
414:
398:Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline
353:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1595:
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1522:Cooban, Anna (31 August 2022).
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2115:2021–2023 global energy crisis
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611:Christopher J. Schenk (2012).
604:
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444:2021–2022 global energy crisis
101:
13:
1:
2137:2024 Lukoil transit sanctions
1922:Russia–Saudi Arabia relations
1727:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
527:
500:List of natural gas pipelines
109:
1589:Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty
1400:. Reuters. 12 September 2009
682:10.1080/09668136.2011.547700
546:"The World Factbook: Russia"
355:, as the latest part of the
279:
232:Russian annexation of Crimea
77:
7:
2059:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
1490:. Pravda.com.ua. 2010-06-13
1080:Jane Perlez (21 May 2014).
767:"Energy subsidies – Topics"
725:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.055
521:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
407:
275:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
55:Russian invasion of Ukraine
10:
2267:
1469:. Minprom.ua. 12 June 2010
570:. Opec.org. Archived from
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272:
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148:
2182:
2172:Unfriendly countries list
2120:2021–2023 inflation surge
2100:
2048:
2029:
2005:
1966:
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1827:
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1694:
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1295:. Reuters. 7 January 2009
1207:. BBC News. 1 August 2009
738:– via ResearchGate.
695:– via ResearchGate.
377:Luhansk People's Republic
373:Donetsk People's Republic
252:
161:
1941:Germany–Russia relations
1681:Greenhouse gas emissions
196:
145:was introduced in 2017.
2229:Renewable energy portal
1977:Arctic policy of Russia
1905:Energy policy of Russia
1892: and disputes
1797:Electric power industry
615:. US Geological Survey.
469:Energy policy of Russia
328:
1929:China–Russia relations
1819:Thermal power stations
1809:List of power stations
1790:Electricity generation
1273:. BBC. 24 January 2006
464:Energy policy of China
122:
34:
2251:Natural gas in Russia
2125:2022–2023 food crises
1251:. BBC. 2 January 2006
1229:. BBC. 1 January 2006
984:"The need for action"
635:(Report). March 2023.
269:Disputes with Ukraine
259:natural gas in Turkey
117:
32:
72:US Geological Survey
51:natural gas exporter
2147:during the invasion
1352:on February 1, 2013
1326:on January 17, 2009
669:Europe-Asia Studies
357:Russo-Ukrainian War
172:invasion of Ukraine
18:Russian natural gas
2157:2023 oil sanctions
2152:2022 oil sanctions
1967:Disputes over the
1802:in Imperial Russia
1759:Barents Sea fields
1749:Petroleum industry
1686:Ministry of Energy
1378:. 8 September 2009
841:The New York Times
597:2013-12-06 at the
505:Natural gas prices
307:economic recession
247:Power of Siberia 2
123:
63:The World Factbook
35:
2238:
2237:
2096:
2095:
1987:Continental shelf
1676:Energy superpower
1666:Economy of Russia
1609:. 12 August 2024.
1591:. 2 January 2023.
1016:. 31 August 2023.
969:. 26 August 2022.
16:(Redirected from
2258:
2226:
2214:
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2102:Ukraine invasion
1964:
1963:
1934:Power of Siberia
1828:Energy companies
1771:Renewable energy
1647:Energy in Russia
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1511:. 13 April 2023.
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1448:. Mignews.com.ua
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1426:. 8 October 2009
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1173:. 23 March 2023.
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1764:West Siberia
1744:Oil reserves
1739:Oil industry
1721:
1717:LNG industry
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1568:. Retrieved
1566:. 2022-02-22
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1414:
1404:12 September
1402:. Retrieved
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1350:the original
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1324:the original
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1122:the original
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1055:. 2023-08-30
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816:. Retrieved
814:. 2022-03-28
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47:cubic meters
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1865:Rosneftegaz
1722:Natural gas
1382:8 September
1356:7 September
1277:16 December
1255:16 December
1233:16 December
989:5 September
866:Gazprom.com
718:: 663–670.
381:independent
369:recognition
322:Swiss-based
102:Consumption
96:electricity
43:natural gas
2064:of 2005–06
1707:Geothermal
1570:2023-03-08
1494:2014-05-22
1473:2014-05-22
1452:2014-05-22
1190:2023-09-08
1059:2023-09-04
1033:11 January
862:"NGV fuel"
818:2023-09-04
776:2023-09-04
652:. Ashgate.
578:2014-05-22
528:References
345:See also:
143:Lada Vesta
110:Automotive
2107:sanctions
1880:Yamal LNG
1875:Transneft
1430:8 October
1424:Kyiv Post
1330:9 January
1299:7 January
280:2005-2009
263:Black Sea
131:GAZ Group
78:Subsidies
2245:Category
2193:Category
1894:(before
1890:Politics
1211:1 August
887:"О сети"
595:Archived
408:See also
375:and the
335:Naftogaz
314:Naftogaz
290:Naftogaz
120:Belgorod
37:In 2021
2069:of 2009
2051:Ukraine
2032:Georgia
2021:of 2007
2016:of 2004
2008:Belarus
1860:Rosneft
1855:Rosatom
1850:Novatek
1840:Gazprom
1734:Nuclear
1695:Sources
1607:Reuters
1549:Reuters
1155:May 21,
967:Reuters
947:25 June
922:25 June
897:25 June
871:25 June
846:25 June
286:Gazprom
157:Exports
149:Flaring
135:Gazprom
127:Italgas
2167:CAATSA
1969:Arctic
1845:Lukoil
1654:Topics
1128:21 May
1091:21 May
552:21 May
402:Sudzha
253:Turkey
162:The EU
39:Russia
1776:Solar
1376:UNIAN
812:Ember
753:(PDF)
633:(PDF)
548:. CIA
257:Much
197:China
139:NEFAZ
2105:and
1917:OPEC
1781:Wind
1702:Coal
1432:2009
1406:2009
1384:2009
1358:2009
1332:2009
1320:Time
1301:2009
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1213:2009
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1035:2022
991:2023
949:2017
924:2017
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873:2017
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554:2014
351:The
329:2014
320:, a
237:The
166:The
90:The
1529:CNN
771:IEA
730:hdl
720:doi
687:hdl
677:doi
400:in
387:.
379:as
191:LNG
92:IEA
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