1406:
1419:
1435:
195:
1467:
1097:
40:
1112:, the legal successor of the USSR. In 1992 the service was renamed as the 'Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation' —Главное управление навигации и океанографии Министерства Обороны Российской Федерации (ГУНиО Минобороны России). Depending from their location, some of the vessels of the Soviet Hydrographic Service managed to be released and join the navies of the newly-formed republics after the breakup of the USSR. These ships were usually renamed and overhauled or transformed before being put into use, for example the GS-13 small hydrographic vessel that had been launched in 1986 in
718:
1393:
734:
758:
777:
1451:
750:
742:
328:
464:
320:
257:
491:
472:
974:
marked by an increased international prominence of the 'General
Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense'. Since then the Hydrographic Service of the USSR officially represented the interests of the Soviet Union —in the same manner that the organization that replaced it in later years would do for the Russian Federation— in the
1600:
517:
1902 a new building with a photographic department, including a workshop introducing innovative photographic reproduction techniques, was built within the premises of the Main
Hydrographic Office. By 1904 the new techniques had been mastered by the staff and high-quality material began to be printed.
1142:
In 2006 the name of the
Russian Hydrographic Service would be changed to 'Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation' —Управление навигации и океанографии Министерства Обороны Российской Федерации (УНиО Минобороны России), its current official name.
337:
In 1777 the
Admiralty Board founded the Russian Hydrographic Service, implementing a plan that marked the beginning of systematic drawing of nautical charts. In 1799 a committee for the dissemination of marine sciences and the improvement of the drawing of charts was created, and in 1807 the Russian
1195:
The vessels operating for the
Russian Hydrographic Service have been historically of two orders or categories. To the first category belong those vessels that were built specifically as survey ships, of which there are different classes, and to the second, other kind of vessels of the Russian Navy
516:
1886 saw the establishment of the meteorological department. In 1891 the fields of drawing, engraving, lithography and printing were integrated into the maritime cartography section and from 1897 this section began successful experiments printing nautical charts using aluminum printing plates. In
973:
dictated priorities, the
Hydrographic Office of the Navy was overhauled and transformed into the 'General Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR' —Главное управление навигации и океанографии Министерства обороны СССР (ГУНиО МО). The 1970–1980 decade was
785:
844:
in 1926, was the last blank area on the vast map of the Soviet Union. Vilkitsky's expedition, which in 1913 sighted and surveyed a section of the eastern coastline of what he assumed was a single landmass, had to concentrate on the
Siberian continental shore in order to prepare the way for the
868:. In 1937 the 'Hydrographic Office UVMS Red Army' was renamed the "Hydrographic Office of the Workers' and Peasants' Navy" —Гидрографическое управление Рабоче-крестьянского Военно-морского флота (РК ВМФ). The design of the flags and pennants used by the office also underwent changes.
804:, ensured that the service returned to normality. Czarist names and symbols were quickly removed, the former hydrographic institution being renamed as the 'Main Hydrographic Office of the Russian Republic' —Главное гидрографическое управление Российской Республики.
345:
In 1827 the special Office of the
Hydrographer General was established. In the same year the Corps of Naval Navigators was founded, the chief of which was also a hydrographer. The first and only general of the newly-instituted body was hydrographer Admiral
1621:С этой чертежной началось централизованное производство морских карт в России, а дата утверждения штата чертежной — 2 (13) ноября 1777 г. — является датой основания ныне существующего Центрального картографического производства Военно-Морского Флота.
826:" (UVMS Hydrographic Department of the Red Army) —Гидрографический отдел Управления Военно-морских сил Рабоче-крестьянской Красной Армии. In 1927 the name was simplified to 'Hydrographic Office UVMS Red Army' —Гидрографическое управление УВМС РККА.
338:
Lighthouse
Administration was established so that the lighthouse system in Russian shores, shoals and islands would follow an organized pattern and be provided with regular, state-controlled maintenance. The first director of this section was
2666:
2025:
917:
The technological leap of that decade would impose a radical change in the navigational, hydrographic and hydrometeorological support of the Navy. During this period the need for innovative and detailed survey and mapping of the Earth's
822:' and a set of new flags and pennants was issued. Barely two years later, in September 1926, the office underwent another name change; the new name was "Hydrographic Department of the Office of Naval Forces of the Workers' and Peasants'
2701:
1196:
that, although not especially built for the purpose, have eventually engaged in survey operations. The latter usually undertook surveys for specific periods of time during their naval service, such as the a four-masted tall ship
2566:
361:
In 1837 the former institutions dealing with hydrography were abolished and all the management of the hydrographic section was transferred to the newly-instituted
Russian Hydrographic Department, the directors of which were:
1405:
415:
The Hydrographic Office engaged in the periodical publication of notes, devoted both to hydrographic information, as well as information on other sectors of naval affairs. The committee, established in 1799, published:
501:
In 1885 the Russian Hydrographic Department was overhauled and renamed as 'Main Hydrographic Office' —Главное гидрографическое управление (ГГУ)— of the Admiralty. Its chief was the former director in charge of the
310:
in 1752. Nagayev's charts were very detailed for its time and, despite a few shortcomings, his atlas of the Baltic Sea was republished in 1757, 1788, 1789 and 1795, serving Russian mariners for more than 50 years.
2792:
162:
Since the Russian state is of such a vast size and nature that it includes many different seas, long and indented coastlines and a great number of islands, as well as a complex system of waterways and lakes,
2661:
799:
against the Imperial Government, the Hydrographic Office slowly returned to its duties as the situation calmed down and the Soviet takeover was completed. The work and dedication of hydrographers such as
2390:
1711:Александр Васильевич Колчак : Учёный и патриот : в 2 ч. / В. В. Синюков; отв. ред. А. П. Лисицын ; Ин-т истории естествознания и техники им. С. И. Вавилова РАН. — М.: Наука, 2009. —
930:, became of the utmost importance for the Hydrographic Service of the Soviet Union. At that time, using its survey vessels, the department spearheaded a comprehensive study of large areas of the
2095:
2030:
2718:
1303:
2813:
2604:
1036:
788:
210:
Despite having undergone a number of name changes along its history, the main functions of the Hydrographic Service of the Russian Navy have been quite consistently the following:
1941:
1030:
687:
397:
1418:
2676:
351:
1434:
1285:
1072:
1900:
705:
2830:
2648:
1990:
1171:
1060:
403:
391:
871:
In 1940 the Hydrographic Office was renamed 'Hydrographic Office of the Navy' —Гидрографическое управление ВМФ. The following year, owing to the dire situation of the
510:
1309:
218:, related to the Russian maritime and coastal areas, as well as navigable inland waters. These services are of a strategic order and encompass the following fields:
1233:
385:
366:
2380:
1968:
801:
2622:
1369:
1251:
1078:
1934:
1177:
1165:
693:
494:
2681:
1066:
979:
898:
as part of the strategical aims of the Soviet fleet. These submarines were designed to be able to navigate in all areas of the oceans, including in the
890:
In postwar times, after the initial period of reconstruction was over, the Soviet Navy began the challenging task of creating an oceanic fleet carrying
2880:
2385:
2860:
2375:
2115:
1048:
1042:
997:
1375:
1139:
was restored. In 2001 a new regulation introduced slight alterations in the symbols that had been adopted in 1992 following the fall of the USSR.
2446:
2416:
1997:
1927:
1409:
1363:
1324:
1290:
1183:
1024:
1009:
841:
17:
2739:
2613:
1454:
1221:
1215:
1084:
1003:
849:
and he had no means to make a comprehensive survey further north. Finally a hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Institute of the USSR led by
1357:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1319:
1281:
1245:
1239:
1227:
1314:
2020:
2706:
2057:
2012:
1636:
983:
635:
2103:
2072:
1693:
2744:
2145:
2125:
1856:
L. Sergeeva (Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy, Kaliningrad, Russia): Academic and research activities on board STS «Krusenstern»
1756:
Unknown Waters: A First-Hand Account of the Historic Under-ice Survey of the Siberian Continental Shelf by USS Queenfish (SSN-651)
811:(Убек) were established for the management of navigation safety measures. The Ubek regulated the particular hydrographic zone —in
1497:
1257:
975:
183:
1897:
2870:
2855:
2797:
2090:
2002:
1673:
815:
for example it was 'Ubek-North'— as part of the unified local authority directly responsible to the central Soviet government.
2067:
1858:
1716:
287:. Hydrographic tasks were always performed by Naval officers, who from 1724 onward began to work under instructions from the
1466:
1143:
Russian military presence in Arctic waters resumed in the summer of 2013 when Hydrographic Service vessels belonging to the
194:
2421:
2135:
1492:
651:
2579:
2297:
2150:
1985:
884:
646:
The period between 1885 and 1917 was characterized by full-scale construction and modernization of lighthouse equipment,
243:
Navigation and hydrographic support of maritime activities within Russian waters and implementation of the international
2671:
2561:
2468:
1763:
1271:
2875:
2749:
1828:
1651:
1892:
2885:
2723:
2534:
2189:
2174:
1487:
1155:. The area had been neglected by the armed forces for a long time in the years that followed the fall of the USSR.
288:
270:
1730:"Депутаты Законодательного собрания Красноярского края против переименования островов архипелага "Северная Земля""
2108:
1105:
355:
331:
2539:
2524:
857:
thoroughly surveyed the large Severnaya Zemlya archipelago in 1930–32, making it the last sizable territory on
2441:
2199:
1576:
Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation – Russian Navy
1502:
1108:, the 'General Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of Defense of the USSR' would be placed under the
2818:
2643:
2160:
1978:
1973:
1555:
887:
in order to deal more effectively with the emergency matters caused by the war in Russian soil and waters.
103:
2062:
895:
539:
and other guidance materials for safe navigation, as well as making periodical corrections —when needed.
2782:
2754:
2258:
2204:
2194:
1275:
1096:
39:
864:
In 1935 the Ubek were replaced by hydrographic offices subordinate to the commander of the fleets and
2284:
2271:
2245:
832:
first partially charted by Boris Vilkitsky in 1913, but still not fully surveyed when it was renamed
1392:
167:
has been an indispensable activity for the Russian Navy since its modernization at the time of Czar
2686:
2656:
2504:
2478:
2219:
1547:
1507:
829:
1592:
717:
2823:
2599:
2594:
2426:
2178:
2120:
592:
1909:
1888:
The Siberian Sea Road: The Work of the Russian Hydrographical Expedition to the Arctic 1910–1915
358:. The first and only director of the hydrographic depot was F. F. Schubert (in office 1827–37).
2696:
2667:
Main Organizational-Mobilizational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
2627:
2485:
2473:
2352:
2183:
2140:
2077:
733:
1873:
1512:
135:
Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
2865:
2431:
2407:
2345:
1127:
Although the basic designs were left unchanged, prominent Communist-era symbols —such as the
588:
570:
513:, who was also the chairman of the Maritime Scientific Committee —Морского учёного комитета.
373:
244:
1630:
2890:
2777:
2529:
1950:
1785:
1158:
The heads of the Hydrographic Service of the Russian Federation in recent times have been:
665:
350:(in office 1827–31), after whose death the management of the office was transferred to the
215:
1690:
8:
2517:
2436:
1964:
1898:
Department of Navigation and Oceanography. Of the Russian Federation. Ministry of Defence
1527:
1197:
1136:
1135:, were removed from the flags of the Russian Hydrographic Service and the blue and white
872:
776:
757:
669:
580:
in order to gather relevant navigational, astronomical, magnetic, and other observations.
555:
152:
148:
1789:
1575:
818:
In 1924 the Hydrographic Office was renamed the 'Central Hydrographic Department of the
2357:
2130:
1801:
1517:
1109:
796:
722:
536:
423:
66:
1450:
1422:
Survey ship Admiral Vladimirsky (1975) of the Hydrographic Service of the Soviet Union
2512:
1824:
1759:
1712:
1128:
1117:
955:
854:
846:
339:
199:
171:
in the 17th century. The hydrographic service has been historically attached to the
2335:
2251:
1793:
1152:
1113:
1054:
1015:
780:
Flag on hydrographic and lightships (1950–1964); and hydrographic ships (1964–1992)
699:
379:
327:
231:
1914:
1855:
749:
741:
2712:
2330:
1904:
1862:
1697:
1640:
903:
658:
609:
547:
347:
294:
By 1746 important matters concerning hydrography were entrusted to Fleet Captain
284:
276:
168:
962:, and hydrophysical characteristics of the water masses, among other pioneering
92:
Sergey V. Travin, Head of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence
2340:
1438:
1144:
1121:
959:
947:
927:
891:
850:
765:
726:
680:, and gathered as well a vast amount of oceanographic and meteorological data.
623:
616:
551:
295:
156:
76:
650:
technology and improvements in the printing of nautical charts. The 1910–1915
2849:
2662:
Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
2277:
2264:
1148:
963:
935:
923:
911:
584:
The jurisdiction of the Main Hydrographic Office included the management of:
176:
140:Управление навигации и океанографии Министерства обороны Российской Федерации
490:
2460:
2325:
943:
939:
899:
655:
507:
172:
107:
463:
319:
2303:
2011:
1471:
1442:
812:
769:
503:
479:
475:
225:
214:
Providing specific services to the Navy, including other branches of the
89:
1662:
1470:
Viktor Faleyev hydrographic survey vessel. Launching ceremony (2011) in
737:
Flag on hydrographic vessels not commanded by naval officers (1924–1935)
2787:
2290:
1919:
1805:
1397:
951:
919:
876:
761:
662:
559:
543:
307:
303:
221:
175:
and the agents and supervisors of hydrographic works have been largely
1887:
256:
2238:
2232:
1458:
837:
602:
236:
164:
1797:
1776:
Barr, William (1975). "Severnaya Zemlya: the last major discovery".
2553:
1612:
Navy Hydrographic Service – Structure – Russian Ministry of Defence
1522:
1132:
970:
931:
865:
823:
784:
631:
627:
596:
566:, signals, and other warning devices to improve navigation safety.
2814:
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
1915:
Hydrographic vessel "Senezh" completed the Arctic expedition (ru)
677:
673:
647:
639:
577:
484:
1729:
520:
The duties of the Hydrographic Department at the time included:
247:
Convention regulations in the waters under Russian jurisdiction.
2677:
Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces
2657:
Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (GRU)
2225:
1986:
Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defence
987:
894:. The 1960–1970 decade saw the introduction and development of
880:
795:
After the initial period of instability that followed the 1917
280:
144:
1530:, allegedly one of the first hydrographic documents in Russia.
1333:(Yug class), 9 ships built; includes hydrographic survey ship
1200:, which performed hydrographic surveys between 1961 and 1965.
807:
Between 1918 and 1922 hydrometeorological service units named
471:
453:
Annual reports of the Director of the Hydrographic Department.
1874:Гидрографическое судно «Сенеж» проекта 862 Северного флота РФ
982:, as well as the interests of the Ministry of Defence in the
907:
858:
672:
mapped the last blank areas of the northern coast of Eastern
532:
299:
44:
Flag of hydrographic vessels of the Russian Navy (since 2001)
1091:
2691:
819:
563:
458:
203:
151:, with responsibility to facilitate navigation, performing
1818:
879:
in the Hydrographic Department of the Navy was formed in
528:
314:
279:
hydrographic surveys were carried out following personal
2612:
993:
The heads of the Hydrographic Service of the USSR were:
206:
entrance is one of the tallest lighthouses in the world.
753:
Pennant of the Commander of a hydrographic unit (1935–)
1675:
150 лет гидрографической службе военно-морского флота.
1100:
Flag of hydrographic ships and lightships (1992–2001)
914:
and other modernized signal systems were introduced.
2406:
980:
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
2831:Military training centers of civilian universities
1844:История Гидрографической службы Российского флота.
1691:The Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition 1910–1915
1893:Hydrographic Society Russia – Hydro International
1821:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995
1236:(T-1415 Project), middle-sized hydrographic boats
906:. In the field of navigation, during this period
2847:
712:
683:The heads of the Main Hydrographic Office were:
1230:(G376 Project), middle-sized hydrographic boats
676:—which were the last unmapped coastal areas of
2793:Military departments of civilian universities
2692:Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU)
1935:
1775:
1615:
1383:
138:
1910:Military History of the Cold War – Spy Ships
1837:
1819:Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen (1995).
1396:Hydrographic survey ship Iney (1909) in the
189:
966:information of the oceans, were collected.
467:Flag of the Main Hydrographic Office (1885)
2013:Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces
1942:
1928:
1645:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1441:hydrographic survey ship Senezh (1979) in
984:Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
2881:1777 establishments in the Russian Empire
1624:
1601:Министерство обороны Российской Федерации
1260:(16830 Project), small hydrographic boats
1224:(19920 Project), large hydrographic boats
1092:The Russian Federation (from 1992 onward)
946:, as well as of the then little explored
745:Pennant flown on Ubek vessels (1924–1935)
433:"Notes of the State Admiralty Department"
2861:Scientific organizations based in Russia
2116:Main Building of the Ministry of Defense
1949:
1769:
1702:
1465:
1449:
1433:
1417:
1412:hydrographic survey ship Cheleken (1970)
1404:
1391:
1265:
1254:(1403 Project), small hydrographic boats
1095:
954:. As a result, a huge volume of data on
783:
775:
756:
748:
740:
732:
716:
489:
470:
462:
459:The Main Hydrographic Office (1885–1917)
326:
318:
255:
193:
2050:
2026:Commander of the Missile Defence Forces
1998:Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces
1722:
1580:
1569:
1498:Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
1278:(only ship built; no longer in service)
1208:
976:International Hydrographic Organization
842:Central Executive Committee of the USSR
569:Supply of military tools such as maps,
447:"Notes of the Hydrographic Department."
323:Flag of the Hydrographer General (1828)
184:International Hydrographic Organization
14:
2848:
2798:Military academies in the Soviet Union
2567:Special Forces of the Main Directorate
1846:Т.4. — Спб.: Издание ГУНиО МО РФ, 1997
1686:
1684:
1667:
315:Foundation and first phase (1777–1885)
1923:
1540:
1457:hydrographic survey ship BGK-2090 in
2702:Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks
1758:, University of Alabama Press 2008,
1493:Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition
652:Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition
601:The Russian Maritime Observatory in
576:Inspection and evaluation of ships'
2719:Central Television and Radio Studio
2687:Main Directorate of Military Police
2580:Reserve of the Supreme High Command
1681:
1203:
1021:Sergei Blinov (1926–1928), 2nd term
573:, signals manuals and other guides.
542:Erection and proper maintenance of
24:
2672:National Defense Management Center
612:on the shores of the Russian seas.
524:Planning and carrying out surveys.
506:and navigation of the Baltic Sea,
25:
2902:
2707:Main Military Medical Directorate
1881:
1823:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1296:
440:"Notes of the Hydrographic Depot"
120:Russian Lighthouse Administration
2724:Rear of the Russian Armed Forces
1488:Admiralty Board (Russian Empire)
595:workshops in St. Petersburg and
271:Admiralty Board (Russian Empire)
38:
1867:
1849:
1812:
1748:
1652:Russian Hydrography before 1917
1106:dissolution of the Soviet Union
410:
18:Russian Hydrographic Department
2525:Air and Missile Defense Forces
2126:Military-Industrial Commission
2003:Commander-in-Chief of the Navy
1656:
1284:, 6 vessels built, including
33:Гидрографическая служба России
13:
1:
2871:National hydrographic offices
2856:Government agencies of Russia
2422:Missile Troops and Artillery
2031:Commander of the Space Forces
1633:Lighthouses of the Baltic Sea
1593:"Гидрографическая служба ВМФ"
1534:
1503:List of lighthouses in Russia
1120:when it was made part of the
713:The Soviet period (1917–1992)
264:
133:, full current official name
2819:Military academies in Russia
896:ballistic missile submarines
617:maritime semaphore telegraph
131:Russian Hydrographic Service
28:Russian Hydrographic Service
7:
2369:Military ranks and insignia
2091:Weapons of mass destruction
1677:Исторический очерк. 1977 г.
1481:
283:of the emperor through the
10:
2907:
2755:Future of the Russian Navy
2205:Kaliningrad Special Region
2021:Commander of the Air Force
1969:Supreme Commander-in-Chief
1548:"Травин Сергей Викторович"
1431:
1389:
1384:Images of selected vessels
1248:, small hydrographic boats
1242:, small hydrographic boats
1218:, large hydrographic boats
1190:
885:Chief of the General Staff
348:Gavril Andreevich Sarychev
268:
251:
182:Russia is a member of the
2806:
2770:
2763:
2732:
2640:
2605:Electronic Warfare Troops
2588:
2562:Special Operations Forces
2552:
2503:
2459:
2399:
2368:
2318:
2212:
2168:
2159:
2043:
1957:
1736:(in Russian). 27 May 2007
190:Competences and functions
139:
113:
99:
82:
72:
62:
54:
49:
37:
32:
2876:Lighthouse organizations
2740:Ground Forces' equipment
2535:Aerospace Defence Forces
2100:General Staff buildings
1508:List of Russian admirals
1162:Yuri Zheglov (1988–1994)
830:Emperor Nicholas II Land
593:navigational instruments
260:Russian Admiralty (1716)
179:throughout its history.
2886:Surveying organizations
2824:Suvorov Military School
2600:Strategic Rocket Forces
1663:Lightship "Nekmangrund"
392:G. A. Vevel von Krieger
298:who compiled the first
2697:12th Chief Directorate
2540:Radio-Technical Troops
2391:Armed Forces 1994–2010
1474:
1461:
1445:
1423:
1413:
1400:
1378:, small survey vessels
1372:, small survey vessels
1366:, small survey vessels
1360:, small survey vessels
1354:, small survey vessels
1348:, small survey vessels
1306:, large survey vessels
1101:
861:to be put on the map.
792:
781:
773:
754:
746:
738:
730:
498:
487:
468:
334:
324:
261:
207:
200:Osinovetsky Lighthouse
2745:Air Forces' equipment
2682:Military Band Service
2346:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
1469:
1453:
1437:
1421:
1408:
1395:
1266:Oceanographic vessels
1099:
1012:(1922–1925), 1st term
787:
779:
760:
752:
744:
736:
720:
589:Pilotage instructions
493:
474:
466:
330:
322:
259:
245:Safety of Life at Sea
197:
1951:Russian Armed Forces
1778:Geographical Journal
1513:Russian lightvessels
1286:Admiral Vladimirskiy
1209:Hydrographic vessels
802:Konstantin Neupokoev
725:on hydrographic and
688:Konstantin Mikhailov
445:From 1842 to 1852 –
438:From 1835 to 1837 –
431:From 1807 to 1827 –
352:Chief of Naval Staff
306:, as well as of the
216:Russian Armed Forces
153:hydrographic surveys
2644:Ministry of Defence
2641:Departments in the
2518:Long-Range Aviation
1979:Ministry of Defence
1974:Minister of Defence
1965:President of Russia
1790:1975GeogJ.141...59B
1754:Alfred S. McLaren,
1556:Ministry of Defence
1528:Stone of Tmutarakan
1370:Alex Maryshev class
1276:Vladimir Kavrayskiy
1137:Russian Navy Ensign
1104:In the wake of the
1079:Arkady Mikhailovsky
873:Great Patriotic War
729:vessels (1924–1935)
332:Alexander Menshikov
149:hydrographic office
104:Ministry of Defence
29:
2614:Logistical Support
2358:Kamchatka Flotilla
2319:Fleets of the Navy
2161:Military districts
2096:Awards and emblems
1903:2015-06-06 at the
1861:2008-09-26 at the
1696:2010-10-16 at the
1639:2008-08-20 at the
1518:Northern Sea Route
1475:
1462:
1446:
1424:
1414:
1401:
1178:Alexander Shemetov
1166:Anatoly Komaritsyn
1124:in November 1995.
1110:Russian Federation
1102:
969:In 1972, owing to
797:Russian Revolution
793:
782:
774:
755:
747:
739:
731:
723:commanding officer
694:Yakov Gilterbrandt
659:Boris A. Vilkitsky
537:sailing directions
499:
495:Yakov Gilterbrandt
488:
469:
424:Notice to Mariners
335:
325:
262:
208:
67:Russian Federation
27:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2783:Naval Cadet Corps
2636:
2635:
2575:
2574:
2548:
2547:
2499:
2498:
2455:
2454:
2314:
2313:
2141:Conscription laws
2086:
2085:
2039:
2038:
1717:978-5-02-035761-7
1479:
1478:
1428:
1427:
1129:hammer and sickle
1118:Pereyaslav (U512)
1073:Anatoliy Rassokho
1067:Valentin Chekurov
956:bottom topography
950:off the coast of
855:Nikolay Urvantsev
847:Northeast Passage
764:on hydrographic,
340:Leontiy Spafaryev
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
2898:
2768:
2767:
2764:Military academy
2610:
2609:
2550:
2549:
2505:Aerospace Forces
2501:
2500:
2479:Commando Frogmen
2457:
2456:
2404:
2403:
2252:Saint Petersburg
2166:
2165:
2121:Defense industry
2104:Saint Petersburg
2048:
2047:
2009:
2008:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1773:
1767:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1706:
1700:
1688:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1544:
1430:
1429:
1388:
1387:
1204:Types of vessels
1153:Franz Josef Land
1114:Soviet Lithuania
1055:Vladimir Tributs
1037:Nikolai Gorbunov
1016:Mikhail Viktorov
834:Severnaya Zemlya
789:Alexander Varnek
700:Andrey Vilkitsky
610:weather stations
548:electric beacons
232:Hydrometeorology
142:
141:
83:Agency executive
42:
30:
26:
21:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2835:
2802:
2759:
2728:
2713:Krasnaya Zvezda
2646:
2642:
2632:
2608:
2595:Airborne Forces
2584:
2571:
2544:
2495:
2451:
2395:
2364:
2310:
2208:
2155:
2082:
2035:
2007:
1953:
1948:
1905:Wayback Machine
1884:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1863:Wayback Machine
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1817:
1813:
1798:10.2307/1796946
1774:
1770:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1707:
1703:
1698:Wayback Machine
1689:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1641:Wayback Machine
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1605:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1581:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1484:
1386:
1381:
1299:
1268:
1263:
1211:
1206:
1193:
1094:
1049:Mikhail Kulikov
1043:Iakov Lagushkin
1031:Vasily Vasilyev
998:Eugene Byalokoz
960:physical fields
928:magnetic fields
892:nuclear weapons
875:(1941–1945), a
715:
624:signal stations
552:rescue stations
527:Preparation of
461:
413:
356:A. S. Menshikov
317:
289:Admiralty Board
285:General admiral
275:At the time of
273:
267:
254:
192:
169:Peter the Great
157:nautical charts
155:and publishing
123:
106:
95:
50:Agency overview
45:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2904:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2554:Special Forces
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2509:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2469:Coastal Troops
2465:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2442:NBC Protection
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:North Caucasus
2187:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1882:External links
1880:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1848:
1836:
1829:
1811:
1768:
1764:978-0817316020
1747:
1721:
1709:Синюков, В. В.
1701:
1680:
1666:
1655:
1644:
1631:Igor Alexeev,
1623:
1614:
1579:
1568:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:Maly Uliss Bay
1463:
1447:
1439:Northern Fleet
1426:
1425:
1415:
1402:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1376:V19910 Project
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1338:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1297:Survey vessels
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1145:Northern Fleet
1122:Ukrainian Navy
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
948:Southern Ocean
851:Georgy Ushakov
714:
711:
710:
709:
703:
697:
691:
644:
643:
630:, Bogdanovka,
620:
613:
606:
599:
582:
581:
574:
567:
540:
525:
460:
457:
456:
455:
449:
443:
436:
429:
412:
409:
408:
407:
401:
398:T. F. Veselago
395:
389:
383:
380:M. v. Reinecke
377:
370:
367:A. G. Villamov
316:
313:
296:Alexey Nagayev
266:
263:
253:
250:
249:
248:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
191:
188:
177:naval officers
137:(Russian:
125:
124:
122:
121:
117:
115:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
86:
84:
80:
79:
77:St. Petersburg
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2903:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2649:General Staff
2645:
2639:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:Ground Forces
2405:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Ground Forces
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:Yekaterinburg
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:Rostov-on-Don
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:General Staff
1989:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1832:
1830:1-55750-132-7
1826:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1719:(ч. 2), С. 34
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1410:Arktika class
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:16611 Project
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:(861 Project)
1326:
1325:Arktika class
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1291:22010 Project
1289:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1199:
1185:
1184:Sergey Travin
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:Sergey Kozlov
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:Rudolf Island
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:Pavel Abankin
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:Izrail Razgon
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:Sergei Blinov
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
967:
965:
964:oceanographic
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
915:
913:
912:radio beacons
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
805:
803:
798:
790:
786:
778:
771:
767:
763:
759:
751:
743:
735:
728:
724:
719:
707:
706:M. Y. Zhdanko
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
660:
657:
653:
649:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
619:in Kronstadt.
618:
614:
611:
607:
605:and Nikolaev.
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
587:
586:
585:
579:
575:
572:
571:pilot manuals
568:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
522:
521:
518:
514:
512:
509:
505:
496:
492:
486:
482:
481:
477:
473:
465:
454:
450:
448:
444:
441:
437:
434:
430:
427:
425:
419:
418:
417:
405:
404:P. N. Nazimov
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:S. I. Zelenoy
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:F. v. Wrangel
371:
368:
365:
364:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
343:
341:
333:
329:
321:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
272:
258:
246:
242:
238:
235:
233:
230:
227:
223:
220:
219:
217:
213:
212:
211:
205:
201:
196:
187:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
136:
132:
119:
118:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
100:Parent agency
98:
91:
88:
87:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:November 1777
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2866:Russian Navy
2711:
2530:Space Forces
2490:
2068:Bases abroad
1869:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1820:
1814:
1784:(1): 59–71.
1781:
1777:
1771:
1755:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1674:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1604:. Retrieved
1596:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1551:
1542:
1455:Baklan class
1334:
1216:1896 Project
1198:Kruzenshtern
1194:
1157:
1141:
1126:
1103:
1085:Yuri Zheglov
1004:Pavel Messer
992:
968:
922:, including
916:
910:reflectors,
900:Arctic Ocean
889:
870:
863:
833:
828:
817:
808:
806:
794:
768:vessels and
721:Flag of the
682:
656:Rear Admiral
645:
583:
519:
515:
508:Vice Admiral
500:
478:
452:
446:
439:
432:
421:
414:
411:Publications
406:(1892–1898).
360:
344:
336:
293:
274:
209:
181:
173:Russian Navy
161:
134:
130:
128:
114:Child agency
108:Russian Navy
73:Headquarters
63:Jurisdiction
2891:Soviet Navy
2778:Cadet Corps
2589:Independent
2491:Hydrography
2447:Topographic
2417:Air Defence
2304:Severomorsk
2200:Far Eastern
1443:Severomorsk
1358:872 Project
1352:871 Project
1346:870 Project
1341:865 Project
1331:862 Project
1320:860 Project
1304:Ocean class
1282:852 Project
1272:Project 97B
1246:727 Project
1240:382 Project
1228:Yaroslavets
1180:(2010–2013)
1174:(2006–2010)
1168:(1994–2006)
1116:became the
1087:(1988–1994)
1081:(1985–1988)
1075:(1963–1985)
1069:(1958–1963)
1063:(1952–1958)
1057:(1949–1952)
1051:(1947–1948)
1045:(1939–1947)
1039:(1937–1939)
1033:(1932–1937)
1027:(1928–1932)
1018:(1925–1926)
1006:(1920–1922)
1000:(1917–1919)
813:Arkhangelsk
791:(1858–1930)
708:(1913–1917)
702:(1907–1913)
696:(1903–1907)
690:(1898–1903)
663:icebreakers
560:day beacons
544:lighthouses
511:R. Bazhenov
504:lighthouses
497:(1842–1915)
483:(1898) off
480:Nekmangrund
435:(13 pieces)
226:hydrography
2850:Categories
2788:Page Corps
2750:Navy ships
2291:Khabarovsk
2175:Volga–Ural
2131:War crimes
1958:Leadership
1734:newslab.ru
1535:References
1398:Gulf of Ob
1315:Nord class
1147:sailed to
952:Antarctica
920:geophysics
902:under the
877:Task Force
770:lightships
762:Stern flag
451:1854–83 –
420:In 1801 –
308:Baltic Sea
304:Bering Sea
269:See also:
265:Background
222:Navigation
2733:Equipment
2513:Air Force
2381:Air Force
2331:Black Sea
2239:Leningrad
2233:Leningrad
1740:12 August
1606:20 August
1597:Структура
1561:22 August
1552:Структура
1459:Astrakhan
1310:Kamchadal
904:ice cover
866:flotillas
838:Presidium
654:, led by
603:Kronstadt
476:Lightship
442:(5 parts)
394:(1874–81)
388:(1859–74)
382:(1855–59)
376:(1854–55)
369:(1837–54)
202:near the
165:surveying
2771:Previous
2486:Aviation
2474:Infantry
2427:Engineer
2400:Services
2341:Northern
2298:Northern
2259:Southern
2195:Siberian
2169:Previous
2136:Uniforms
2063:Doctrine
2051:Military
1967:as
1901:Archived
1859:Archived
1766:, p. 130
1694:Archived
1637:Archived
1523:Spy ship
1482:See also
1234:Flamingo
1133:red star
1131:and the
978:and the
971:Cold War
932:Atlantic
824:Red Army
636:Adzhigol
632:Parutino
628:Nikolaev
597:Nikolaev
578:logbooks
428:(1 vol.)
2807:Current
2628:Railway
2353:Pacific
2336:Caspian
2285:Eastern
2272:Central
2246:Western
2213:Current
2151:Culture
2058:History
2044:General
1806:1796946
1786:Bibcode
1191:Vessels
1186:(2013–)
936:Pacific
924:gravity
883:by the
840:of the
836:by the
772:(1935–)
678:Eurasia
674:Siberia
666:Vaigach
648:compass
640:Ochakov
533:atlases
485:Hiiumaa
354:Prince
302:of the
281:decrees
277:Peter I
252:History
237:Surveys
2616:troops
2432:Signal
2410:troops
2326:Baltic
2226:Moscow
2220:Moscow
2109:Moscow
2073:Budget
1827:
1804:
1762:
1715:
1335:Senezh
1222:Baklan
988:UNESCO
944:Arctic
940:Indian
881:Moscow
670:Taimyr
556:towers
400:(1881)
372:Baron
145:Russia
143:), is
55:Formed
2179:Volga
2146:Women
2078:Bands
1802:JSTOR
1258:Drofa
1252:Kaira
908:radar
859:Earth
766:pilot
727:pilot
564:buoys
300:atlas
90:Capt.
2647:and
2623:Road
2461:Navy
2437:Tank
2386:Navy
2302:HQ:
2289:HQ:
2276:HQ:
2263:HQ:
2250:HQ:
2237:HQ:
2224:HQ:
2184:Ural
1825:ISBN
1760:ISBN
1742:2015
1713:ISBN
1608:2016
1563:2016
926:and
853:and
820:USSR
809:Ubek
668:and
638:and
622:The
615:The
608:The
591:and
529:maps
224:and
204:Neva
198:The
129:The
1794:doi
1782:141
1151:in
986:of
661:on
626:in
147:'s
2852::
1800:.
1792:.
1780:.
1732:.
1683:^
1599:.
1595:.
1582:^
1554:.
1550:.
1274:,
990:.
958:,
942:,
938:,
934:,
634:,
562:,
558:,
554:,
550:,
546:,
535:,
531:,
342:.
291:.
186:.
159:.
2186:)
2177:(
1943:e
1936:t
1929:v
1833:.
1808:.
1796::
1788::
1744:.
1610:.
1565:.
1337:.
642:.
426:"
422:"
228:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
