36:
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698:, on 5 February 1924 it was communicated that the Rumyantsev museum library would be renamed after Lenin and in the coming months it was made a national library. This change in name and designation also allowed for the highlighting of the working conditions in the library, including the health of the staff, one-fourth who had tuberculosis. The first director of the Lenin Library or Leninka (as the V. I. Lenin Russian Public Library was popularly known as) was
467:
304:. The collection of valuable books totaled to about 29,000 while other items numbered in the hundreds. The library included books from between the twelfth and nineteenth centuries. In his lifetime Rumyantsev had funded expeditions and excavations across the world. He also personally sent people across Russia to find books. Employees including a librarian and bibliographer helped Rumyantsev amass his collection. Assistant's included
413:
2077:, p. 510. "Славу и гордость российской культуры, первой публичной общедоступной библио- теки Москвы составляют ее читатели ... Среди них можно назвать Л.Н. Толстого, В.И. Ленина, В.О. Ключевско- го, Н.С. Тихонравова, В.Я. Брюсова, Д.И. Мен- делеева, А.Ф. Писемского, В.Е. Маковского, Ф.М. Достоевского и многих других. Их име- на зафиксированы в книге записей читателей" (In Russian)
202:, and renamed the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum. By 1917 there would be four name changes and the collection grew to 1.5 million items. This increased to 2.7 million in the next three years following an expropriation and nationalisation campaign. A number of notable people used the library such as
690:, without the means to enroll in formal education during the period of 1873–1876 in Moscow, used the library's scientific literature during those three years. By 1917, the collection included 1.5 million items. This almost doubled to 2.7 million by 1920 following an expropriation and nationalisation campaign.
462:
The official founding date of the Moscow Public Museum and
Rumyantsev Museum (MPRM) is 19 June 1862 when the regulations related to it were passed. While some collections such as the zoological collection were transferred to Moscow University, the Rumyantsev Museum, at the turn of the century, had a
295:
in St. Petersburg, where
Nikolay's collections were already stored. The Rumyantsev Museum was established in 1828. A decree was signed on 22 March 1828 regarding its establishment. The collection was gifted to the government. It was opened to the general public in 1831; initially one day a week for
463:
library and departments for antiquities, paintings, and ethnography among others. Katia
Dianina of the department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the University of Virginia writes that the shift of the museum to Moscow and its opening was the beginning of the city's "cultural renaissance".
35:
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and would remain the only named hall, the Ivanov Hall, of the museum library. In
December 1921 the museum and library were administratively separated. The library was given the name "State Rumiantsev Library". A second deposit copy was permitted.
645:
In 1915 a new gallery opened with different floors holding
Italian, French, Dutch and Russian works. There was also a section for Japanese and Chinese art. In 1900 the first dedicated space within the Pashkov House was created for the work of
395:
was actively associated with the library for about 15 years and during its shift to Moscow, continued as the library director. During the last few years of the museums' life in St. Petersburg the maintenance of the library proved difficult.
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Lenin died on 21 January 1924. His name carried weight and to name an institution after him was an incentive for ensuring state funding in a difficult period. Despite the presence of contenders for Lenin's legacy, for example the
429:
349:
An architect was involved in the conversion of the house(s) into a museum. It was at this stage in the mid-1830s when 12 columns were added to the front built up from the first floor. A pediment was added with sculpting by
275:
399:
In 1863 the
Rumyantsev house was sold to the editor of a newspaper. Further changes were made to the house by successive owners. 1930s onwards the house was used by the Museum of the History of Leningrad, now the
374:, "for (the) good (of) enlightenment", also translated as "for the benefit of education", with the entire engraving reading as, "From the State Chancellor Count Rumyantsev for the good enlightenment" (Russian:
299:
The museum's collections, evolving from Count
Nikolay Rumyantsev's own, included books and manuscripts, art, coins, medals, items from Russian voyages and circumnavigations, and from places such as the
1034:
In 1831 the collection opened to the public on
Mondays, with Sergei's stipulations limiting access to those of good background ... It admitted those wishing to study during the rest of the week.
2089:, p. 83, Chapter 7. "Among the Library's famous patrons were Chekhov, Dostoevskii, Mendeleev, Tolstoi, and an array of other prominent representatives of Russia's intellectual life."
191:
died in 1826, his brother Sergei converted the house into a museum. It was opened to the general public in 1831, initially for one day a week, and the remaining days were for study.
571:
Variations and other names include the
Emperor Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum (1913–18); Rumyantsev State Museum and Library (1918–21); All-Russian Public Library (1924–25). See
1765:
translation: "The official date of the foundation of the MPiRM is June 19, 1862, when the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the
Rumyantsev Museum" were approved".
270:
424:
286:
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inherited his property. Sergei knew that his brother Nikolay had wanted his personal art and book collection to be accessible to society. For this he decided to use the
800:
229:, Rumyantsev Museum was reorganized as the Lenin Library. The Rumyantsev library became a part of the Lenin Library while other holdings were dissolved among the
2950:
2935:
1759:Официальной датой основания МПиРМ считается 19 июня 1862 г., когда было утверж- дено «Положение о Московском публичном Музеуме и Румянцевском Музеуме».
438:, then the emperor. The contents of the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg was shifted to Moscow and combined with other items including those from the
2940:
281:
370:, a shout-out to the buildings' purpose as a museum as well as a reference to Rumyantsev. At a later date the pediment was engraved with the words of
771:"Good of enlightenment" as compared to "good enlightenment". See machine translations of the engraving by Deepl, Google and Yandex translate tools.
401:
45:
1733:"Rumyantsev Museum: a Living Tradition. Circles on the Water. Exhibition to the 150th Anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums"
1942:. Compiled by Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Lada Vladimirovna Repulo and Irina Vladimirovna Tunkina (English ed.). Routledge. p. 669.
1522:
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620:
590:
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2570:"Creating a National Library for the Workers' State: The Public Library in Petrograd and the Rumiantsev Library under Bolshevik Rule"
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visited the library a number of times, including visits related to her husband Leo. Lenin also used and interacted with the library.
792:
446:. There had been certain discontentment among sections of society in St. Petersburg related to the shift of the library to Moscow.
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Maintenance difficulties were among the reasons for the shift of Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow, despite it being affiliated to the
1657:
2699:... among many masonic manuscripts in the library of the Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow an important document of the year 1827 ...
2706:"Плютто П.А. Из истории архивного и книжного наследия князей Юсуповых: по документам Архива Румянцевского музея 1919–1920 гг"
2021:
1947:
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1164:"Old Polynesian tapa in ethnographical collections of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of Moscow University"
1143:
912:"The Zoological Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 1860s–1910: From an academic institute to a public museum"
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1017:
225:
was permitted. In 1924, weeks after the death of Lenin, despite there being some contenders for Lenin's legacy such as the
2780:
Koutaissoff, Elisabeth; Young, George M. (1984). Fyodorov, Nikolay Fyodorovich; Koehler, Ludmilla; Teskey, Ayleen (eds.).
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and his predecessor a decree for the "first public museum in Moscow" was framed and during the following year approved by
2336:
131:
98:
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2127:
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845:"Origins of the Russian Collection at the Library of Congress (1800-1906) (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)"
2558:
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1917:
1027:
301:
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1106:
2607:. Slavic and East European Series. Vol. 16. Indiana University Publications – via Internet Archive.
1907:
323:
731:
664:
654:
647:
474:, Ivanov's "Priam asks Achilles to return Hector's body" found its way into the museum collections in 1901.
238:
1481:["For the Benefit of the Fatherland and Good Enlightenment": Library Intelligentsia and the War].
1297:
735:
718:
234:
2925:
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p. 302. "the museum of the famous chancellor for the good of enlightenment; take" (Referenced to IRLI)
826:
695:
659:
226:
195:
2553:. Along «The Main Street» of St. Petersburg. Vol 6. (in Russian and English). ICAR (ИКАР) Publishers.
2153:
1933:
1168:
Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia)
572:
2099:
Golinenko, O. A.; Rozanova, S. A.; Shumova, B. M.; Pokrovskaya, I. A.; Azarova, N. I., eds. (1985).
1438:
Enlightening the Land of Midnight: Peter Slovtsov, Ivan Kalashnikov, and the Saga of Russian Siberia
2313:
2010:
Loewinson-Lessing, Vladimir; Linnik, Irena; Kouznetsov, Youri; Egorova, Xenia (9 December 2019).
384:
198:
since 1845. In 1862, Nikolay's collection was combined with others, including paintings from the
2100:
958:
1939:
Archives in Russia: A Directory and Bibliographic Guide to Holdings in Moscow and St.Petersburg
687:
435:
207:
2490:
2011:
1325:
1263:
911:
2900:
1133:
615:
305:
242:
1452:
1909:
International Biographical Directory of National Archivists, Documentalists, and Librarians
603:
327:
313:
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8:
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1992:
1814:
1574:
1504:
1387:
1181:
1163:
940:
734:; the Dashkov Museum (and Department of Foreign Ethnography) was incorporated into the
471:
371:
309:
292:
266:
188:
180:
172:
41:
2860:"Rumyantsev Museum in the Period between the February and October Revolutions of 1917"
2193:(5). National Space Society: 42 – via DSpace Repository, Stony Brook University.
1745:
1692:"Ivanovsky Hall in the History of the Rumyantsev Museum and the Russian State Library"
1176:
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In 1921 the museum and library were administratively and formally separated. A second
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2017:
1984:
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820:
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State Rumyantsev Museum; State Rumyantsev Library administratively separated in 1921
439:
392:
230:
211:
2447:
2405:"A Unique Collection With a Thousand-Year History. The State Museum of Oriental Art"
2871:
2828:
2752:
2722:
2717:
2632:
2502:
2491:"The Return of History: Museum, Heritage, and National Identity in Imperial Russia"
2459:
1976:
1822:
1762:
1740:
1703:
1486:
1212:
1201:"The Issue of the Recovery of the Collections of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities"
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671:
630:
607:
443:
317:
203:
199:
1937:
699:
683:
611:
388:
355:
335:
2506:
1479:"«На пользу отечеству и благое просвещение»: Библиотечная интеллигенция и война"
2745:
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
639:
308:
who was known for collecting foreign reports on Russia. Collaborators included
176:
2621:"Legal Deposit System in Russia: Stages of Development and Contemporary State"
1022:. Oxford Historical Monographs. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 39.
2919:
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1988:
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635:
416:
222:
146:
133:
113:
100:
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2364:"The Numismatic Department of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow"
928:
2392:... It was based on the collections of the former Rumyantsev Museum and ...
1217:
550:
V. I. Lenin Russian Public Library; also known as Lenin Library or Leninka
1906:
Wilhite, Jeffrey M.; Kosmerick, Todd J.; Scrivener, Laurie, eds. (2000).
1491:
679:
351:
331:
215:
2816:"How the Library of D.V. Ulyaninsky Entered the State Rumyantsev Museum"
2387:
2363:
2009:
391:, the director of the Imperial Public Library, was the museum director.
354:. The sculpting on the pediment is inspired by mythology connected with
2805:
2781:
2772:
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2694:
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1391:
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959:"186 years ago: Russia's first private museum opened in St. Petersburg"
706:
599:
184:
1996:
1964:
466:
16:
Museum and library founded from Count Nikolay Rumyantsev's collections
1731:
Novokreshchenova, Tatiana I.; Shamraeva, Elena Yu. (15 August 2012).
1135:
The Collector: The Story of Sergei Shchukin and His Lost Masterpieces
585:
363:
343:
171:
evolved from the personal library and historical collection of Count
2756:
2152:
Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich (1983). Kartashov, Nikolaĭ Semenovich (ed.).
663:, a 12th-century icon from Rumyantsev's collection. It is among the
458:
at the Alexander Ivanov Hall of the Rumyantsev Museum, Moscow, 1881
2098:
1980:
1912:. Susan Houck (2 ed.). The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 203.
1815:"The First World War and the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum"
1485:(in Russian) (4). Ивановский государственный университет: 142–149.
412:
377:ОТb ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО КАНЦЛЕРА ГРАФА РУМЯНЦЕВА НА БЛАГОЕ ПРОСВЕЩЕ
2206:"How a Russian Scientist's Sci-Fi Genius Made Sputnik Possible"
2056:
359:
339:
2250:
2080:
1557:
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in the Rumyantsev house or mansion, building number 44 on the
1862:
1860:
1858:
367:
2240:
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1620:
1417:
2448:"The Rumyantsev Museum's History in Russian Memoir Sources"
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1401:
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1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
2274:
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1855:
1598:
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Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology
717:; the collection of old masters formed the nucleus of the
241:
among others. The Lenin Library would go on to become the
2905:
2235:
1905:
1730:
1262:
FitzLyon, Kyril; Zinovieff, Kyril; Hughes, Jenny (2003).
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
383:
Since 1845 the Rumyantsev Museum was affiliated with the
2305:
2038:"Book of the week — Arkhangel' skoe evanglie, 1092 goda"
1877:
1875:
1776:"Rumyantsev Museum. (1862–1924). Moscow - German prints"
1632:
1608:
1398:
1344:
1233:
862:
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the general public and the remaining days for scholars.
2604:
Libraries and bibliographic centers in the Soviet Union
2423:
2105:. Translated by Cathy, Porter. New York: Random House.
2068:
1843:
1794:
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1261:
1076:
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996:
994:
992:
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The museum has undergone a number of changes in name,
2411:. Комиссия Российской Федерации по делам ЮНЕСКО. 2020
2162:
1887:
1872:
1069:
989:
909:
Slepkova, Nadezhda V.; Yusupova, Tatiana I. (2018).
40:
Rumyantsev house (44) is centermost, located on the
2158:. Progress Publishers – via Internet Archive.
1162:Balakhonova, Ekaterina I.; Govor, Elena V. (2018).
2814:
1476:
910:
95:English Embankment 44, St. Petersburg (1828-1861)
44:in St. Petersburg. It now houses a branch of the
2917:
2779:
1161:
1131:
1019:Russian Genre Painting in the Nineteenth Century
908:
618:'s "Portrait of Amvrosy Podobedov". In 1862 the
1689:
1453:"Rumyantsev Mansion in Saint Petersburg Russia"
1292:[NP Rumyantsev and Rumyantsev Museum].
402:State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg
46:State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg
2128:"Pashkov House in Moscow: Home to rare books"
1527:State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg
1368:"Russian Documents in the British Museum (I)"
838:
836:
542:State Rumyantsev Museum merged and dissolved
375:
253:
2181:deChambeau, Aimée (September–October 2002).
638:was a curator until he went on to found the
1132:Semenova, Natalya; Delocque, André (2018).
705:The museum's collection of manuscripts and
598:Its collection included paintings from the
513:Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum
423:In May 1861 under the vision and advice of
260:Interactive map with outline of building 44
2951:Historic house museums in Saint Petersburg
2936:1927 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
2857:
2671:"Attempts to Revive Freemasonry in Russia"
2180:
1658:"Pavel Tretyakov: The Collector's Library"
1477:Komissarov, V. V; Soloviev, A. A. (2021).
1435:
1138:. Yale University Press. pp. 84, 85.
833:
724:The Appearance of Christ Before the People
713:; its holdings of Russian art went to the
621:Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther
455:The Appearance of Christ Before the People
34:
2941:1831 establishments in the Russian Empire
2875:
2832:
2721:
2710:Исторический журнал: научные исследования
2636:
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1962:
1826:
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1614:
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1216:
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385:Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg
2738:
2619:Sakharov, Nikolay A. (7 December 2018).
2618:
2445:
2429:
2074:
2044:. The University of Utah. 7 January 2020
2016:. Parkstone International. p. 111.
1932:
1849:
1690:Ivanova, E. A.; Ermakova, M. E. (2017).
1655:
1602:
1561:
1546:
1330:. Oxford University Press. p. 184.
1296:. Российская сеть культурного наследия.
889:
653:
610:'s painting of Tolstoy was hung there.
580:
465:
448:
411:
322:
2812:
2600:
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2361:
2334:
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1800:
1782:. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts
1575:"Prince Vladimir Feodorovich Odoyevsky"
1198:
1113:. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts
606:'s collection was part of the museum.
2918:
2567:
2551:To The Piers of the English Embankment
2529:
2280:
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2256:
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2229:
2168:
2125:
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1893:
1881:
1866:
1323:
1080:
1000:
868:
842:
558:V. I. Lenin State Library of the USSR
529:Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum
2786:The Slavonic and East European Review
2675:The Slavonic and East European Review
2668:
2574:The Slavonic and East European Review
2534:(Revised ed.). Greenwood Press.
2337:"The Formation of a Great Collection"
2203:
2151:
1812:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1372:The Slavonic and East European Review
1319:
1317:
1315:
1257:
1255:
1157:
1155:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
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1011:
1009:
442:. Pictures were transferred from the
407:
334:inspired by mythology connected with
2877:10.25281/0869-608X-2016-65-3-338-343
2834:10.25281/0869-608X-2021-70-6-635-641
2782:"The Philosophy of the Common Cause"
2638:10.25281/0869-608X-2018-67-5-487-499
2465:10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-5-504-517
1709:10.25281/0869-608X-2017-66-5-567-576
1265:The Companion Guide to St Petersburg
1015:
904:
902:
900:
898:
521:Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum
2316:from the original on 16 August 2022
2126:Guzeva, Alexandra (28 March 2012).
1828:10.25281/0869-608X-2014-0-3-108-111
1290:"Н.П.Румянцев и Румянцевский музей"
594:was one of the museum's highlights.
13:
2612:
1899:
1676:
1644:
1312:
1252:
1152:
1086:
1039:
1006:
696:Public Library in Saint Petersburg
227:Public Library in Saint Petersburg
196:Public Library in Saint Petersburg
128:Pashkov House, Moscow (1862–1924)
14:
2962:
2893:
1746:10.25281/0869-608X-2012-0-4-21-24
1300:from the original on 22 June 2008
1177:10.32521/2074-8132.2018.2.103-120
895:
736:Museum of the Peoples of the USSR
320:used these historical resources.
2899:A virtual reconstruction by the
2741:"Antiquities of Katanda (Altai)"
2530:Mazour, Anatole Gregory (1975).
2042:J. Willard Marriott Library Blog
1440:(Thesis). Ohio State University.
1107:"Rumyantsev Museum. (1862–1924)"
302:Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius
2397:
2362:Golenko, Konstantin V. (1973).
2355:
2328:
2298:
2197:
2174:
2145:
2119:
2092:
2030:
2003:
1956:
1926:
1806:
1768:
1724:
1567:
1515:
1470:
1445:
1429:
1359:
1282:
1192:
1125:
843:Cannon, Angela (9 March 2022).
765:
175:(1754–1826). Its origin was in
2813:Samarin, Alexander Y. (2021).
2723:10.7256/2222-1972.2015.4.16523
2446:Briskman, Tatiana Ya. (2019).
2341:The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine
2204:Blitz, Matt (4 October 2017).
2155:Lenin and Library Organisation
1662:The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine
951:
785:
753:
602:and some more recent artists.
316:. Students of history such as
1:
2858:Emelyanova, Elena A. (2016).
2563:– via Internet Archive.
2544:– via Internet Archive.
2532:Modern Russian Historiography
2115:– via Internet Archive.
2102:The Diaries of Sophia Tolstoy
1922:– via Internet Archive.
741:
487:Name; additional information
1436:Soderstrom, Mark A. (2011).
732:State Museum of Oriental Art
648:Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov
628:The collection included the
239:State Museum of Oriental Art
59:; 196 years ago
7:
2931:Museums established in 1831
2549:Solovjeva, Tatiana (1998).
2507:10.1016/j.euras.2010.04.003
2495:Journal of Eurasian Studies
2183:"Struggles of the "Father""
2013:Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt
1199:Keršytė, Nastazija (2011).
719:Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
282:Rumyantsev house or mansion
235:Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
10:
2967:
1965:"My Meetings with Tolstoy"
1963:Pasternak, Leonid (1960).
1934:Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy
1327:Moscow: A Cultural History
1016:Gray, Rosalind P. (2000).
660:The Angel with Golden Hair
425:Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov
269:in 1826 his brother Count
254:St. Petersburg (1828–1861)
248:
2946:Defunct museums in Russia
2739:Zakharov, Alexis (1925).
2601:Horecky, Paul L. (1959).
2312:. Russian State Library.
1952:– via Google Books.
1324:Brooke, Caroline (2006).
1278:– via Google Books.
799:. LibWeb - Participants.
570:
541:
504:
491:
376:
88:
73:
53:
33:
26:
2368:The Numismatic Chronicle
2065:, p. 254, 256, 258.
730:collections went to the
470:From the collections of
27:
2903:, under construction —
2489:Dianina, Katia (2010).
2259:, p. 233-234, 236.
1656:Shergina, Zoya (2011).
1366:Loewenson, Leo (1936).
929:10.1111/1600-0498.12193
793:"Russian State Library"
709:was reorganized as the
624:was given to the museum
419:, 19th-century postcard
2452:Observatory of Culture
2335:Antonov, Oleg (2012).
1511:– via ceeol.com.
1218:10.15388/kn.v56i0.1512
825:: CS1 maint: others (
688:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
668:
595:
566:Russian State Library
475:
459:
436:Alexander II of Russia
420:
346:
265:On the death of Count
208:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
2901:Russian State Library
2669:Elkin, Boris (1966).
2568:Stuart, Mary (1994).
1813:Koval, L. M. (2014).
1581:. Moscow Conservatory
657:
616:Vladimir Borovikovsky
584:
469:
452:
415:
326:
306:Friedrich von Adelung
243:Russian State Library
147:55.74967°N 37.60830°E
114:59.93280°N 30.28939°E
2716:(4): 409–426. 2015.
2310:RSL Official website
1492:10.46725/IW.2021.4.8
1268:. Companion Guides.
1047:"Румянцевский музей"
665:oldest Russian icons
604:Fyodor Pryanishnikov
328:Pedimental sculpture
314:Eugene Bolkhovitinov
2283:, p. 233, 255.
2271:, p. 254, 255.
2232:, p. 237, 250.
1869:, p. 252, 254.
1564:, pp. 505–506.
1483:Интеллигенция и мир
1170:(2/2018): 103–120.
591:Ahasuerus and Haman
143: /
110: /
23:
2864:Bibliotekovedenie
2821:Bibliotekovedenie
2625:Bibliotekovedenie
2247:, p. 233-234.
1969:The Russian Review
1819:Bibliotekovedenie
1737:Bibliotekovedenie
1696:Bibliotekovedenie
1629:, p. 138-140.
1549:, p. 506-507.
1426:, p. 129-130.
965:. 23 November 2017
871:, p. 233-258.
682:used the library.
669:
596:
500:Rumyantsev Museum
476:
460:
421:
408:Moscow (1862–1924)
347:
310:Alexander Vostokov
293:English Embankment
267:Nikolay Rumyantsev
183:overlooking river
181:English Embankment
173:Nikolay Rumyantsev
152:55.74967; 37.60830
119:59.93280; 30.28939
42:English Embankment
28:Румянцевский музей
21:
2926:Museums in Moscow
2343:(37). No. 4: 26.
2210:Popular Mechanics
2023:978-1-78310-426-0
1949:978-1-317-47654-2
1337:978-0-19-530951-5
1275:978-1-900639-40-8
1145:978-0-300-24107-5
1051:slovari.yandex.ru
923:(4). Wiley: 300.
715:Tretyakov Gallery
676:Fyodor Dostoevsky
579:
578:
440:Moscow University
393:Vladimir Odoevsky
291:, located on the
271:Sergei Rumyantsev
231:Tretyakov Gallery
212:Fyodor Dostoevsky
169:Rumyantsev Museum
165:
164:
22:Rumyantsev Museum
2958:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2889:
2879:
2854:
2836:
2818:
2809:
2776:
2735:
2725:
2701:
2681:(103): 454–472.
2658:
2640:
2608:
2597:
2564:
2545:
2526:
2485:
2467:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1763:Yandex Translate
1761:
1748:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1653:
1642:
1636:
1630:
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1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1591:
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1565:
1559:
1550:
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1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1494:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:Anna Gaplichnaya
1449:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1321:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1220:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1084:
1078:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1053:. Archived from
1043:
1037:
1036:
1013:
1004:
998:
987:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
955:
949:
948:
914:
906:
893:
887:
872:
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
840:
831:
830:
824:
816:
814:
812:
807:on 13 March 2019
803:. Archived from
789:
772:
769:
763:
757:
721:; this included
672:Dmitri Mendeleev
631:Archangel Gospel
614:gave the museum
608:Leonid Pasternak
481:
480:
444:Hermitage Museum
433:
379:
378:
318:Nikolay Karamzin
290:
279:
204:Dmitri Mendeleev
200:Hermitage Museum
158:
157:
155:
154:
153:
148:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
84:
82:
67:
65:
60:
38:
24:
20:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2916:
2915:
2904:
2896:
2757:10.2307/2843691
2704:
2615:
2613:Further reading
2561:
2542:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2360:
2356:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2198:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2008:
2004:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1936:, ed. (2015) .
1931:
1927:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1811:
1807:
1803:, p. 1122.
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1780:germanprints.ru
1774:
1773:
1769:
1729:
1725:
1688:
1677:
1654:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1579:www.mosconsv.ru
1573:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1399:
1378:(41): 380–388.
1364:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1260:
1253:
1245:
1234:
1197:
1193:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1111:germanprints.ru
1105:
1104:
1087:
1079:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1057:on 18 July 2012
1045:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1014:
1007:
999:
990:
982:
978:
968:
966:
957:
956:
952:
907:
896:
888:
875:
867:
863:
853:
851:
841:
834:
818:
817:
810:
808:
791:
790:
786:
776:
775:
770:
766:
758:
754:
744:
700:Vladimir Nevsky
684:Sophia Tolstaya
612:Pavel Tretyakov
492:St. Petersburg
427:
410:
389:Dmitry Buturlin
360:Apollo-Musagets
356:Mount Parnassus
336:Mount Parnassus
284:
273:
263:
262:
261:
256:
251:
161:
151:
149:
145:
142:
137:
134:
132:
130:
129:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
80:
78:
68:
63:
61:
58:
49:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2914:
2913:
2895:
2894:External links
2892:
2891:
2890:
2870:(3): 338–343.
2855:
2827:(6): 635–641.
2810:
2777:
2736:
2702:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2580:(2): 233–258.
2565:
2559:
2546:
2540:
2527:
2501:(2): 111–118.
2486:
2458:(5): 504–517.
2454:(in Russian).
2442:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:, p. 507.
2422:
2396:
2354:
2327:
2297:
2295:, p. 115.
2285:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2234:
2222:
2196:
2173:
2171:, p. 253.
2161:
2144:
2118:
2112:0-394-528-18-2
2111:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2029:
2022:
2002:
1981:10.2307/126734
1975:(2): 122–131.
1955:
1948:
1925:
1918:
1898:
1896:, p. 255.
1886:
1884:, p. 233.
1871:
1854:
1852:, p. 504.
1842:
1821:(3): 108–111.
1805:
1793:
1767:
1723:
1702:(5): 567–576.
1675:
1643:
1641:, p. 144.
1639:Solovjeva 1998
1631:
1627:Solovjeva 1998
1619:
1617:, p. 138.
1615:Solovjeva 1998
1607:
1605:, p. 506.
1592:
1566:
1551:
1539:
1514:
1469:
1444:
1428:
1424:Solovjeva 1998
1416:
1414:, p. 129.
1412:Solovjeva 1998
1397:
1358:
1356:, p. 133.
1354:Solovjeva 1998
1343:
1336:
1311:
1281:
1274:
1251:
1249:, p. 137.
1247:Solovjeva 1998
1232:
1191:
1151:
1144:
1124:
1085:
1068:
1038:
1028:
1005:
1003:, p. 236.
988:
986:, p. 134.
984:Solovjeva 1998
976:
950:
894:
892:, p. 505.
873:
861:
832:
783:
782:
781:
780:
774:
773:
764:
751:
750:
749:
748:
743:
740:
640:Pushkin Museum
577:
576:
568:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
539:
538:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
489:
488:
485:
409:
406:
259:
258:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
177:St. Petersburg
163:
162:
160:
159:
126:
92:
90:
86:
85:
75:
71:
70:
69:Opened in 1831
55:
51:
50:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2840:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:(1): 98–101.
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2560:5-85902-102-X
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2541:0-8371-8285-9
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2430:Briskman 2019
2426:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:"Information"
2301:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2231:
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2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2133:
2132:Russia Beyond
2129:
2122:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2075:Briskman 2019
2071:
2064:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1921:
1919:0-8108-3780-3
1915:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1850:Briskman 2019
1846:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1667:
1664:(31). No. 2.
1663:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1603:Briskman 2019
1599:
1597:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1562:Briskman 2019
1558:
1556:
1548:
1547:Briskman 2019
1543:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1458:
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1425:
1420:
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1408:
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1404:
1402:
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1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
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1369:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1329:
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1320:
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1316:
1299:
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1271:
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1258:
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1248:
1243:
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1224:
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1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1183:
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1158:
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1147:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1083:, p. 27.
1082:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1029:9780198208754
1025:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1002:
997:
995:
993:
985:
980:
964:
963:Russia Beyond
960:
954:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
913:
905:
903:
901:
899:
891:
890:Briskman 2019
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
870:
865:
850:
846:
839:
837:
828:
822:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
784:
778:
777:
768:
762:
756:
752:
746:
745:
739:
737:
733:
729:
726:
725:
720:
716:
712:
711:Lenin Library
708:
703:
701:
697:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
662:
661:
656:
652:
649:
643:
641:
637:
636:Ivan Tsvetaev
634:
632:
627:
623:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
593:
592:
587:
583:
575:(ed., 2000).
574:
569:
565:
563:1992–present
562:
561:
557:
554:
553:
549:
546:
545:
540:
536:
533:
532:
528:
525:
524:
520:
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482:
479:
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457:
456:
451:
447:
445:
441:
437:
431:
426:
418:
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