478:
systemic infections and digestive problems. In spite of these official restrictions, battalion and brigade commanders had soon realised there was a glaring shortcoming. They had begun to recognise that they had dentists in their own ranks, who were then transferred by their infantry commanders to the field ambulance services attached to their own infantry formations, to work under the
Regimental Medical Officers commanding those field ambulance units. Prior to this, dentists in the ranks had also been treating their own comrades as best they could. Some dentists had brought their own equipment, the Red Cross provided some, while some makeshift dental equipment was also adapted from medical equipment available on the Peninsula. However, once the severity of dental health problems had become apparent, the Australian Army Medical Corps began to transfer qualified men from other arms of the service into a makeshift, poorly equipped, but officially sanctioned, dental service under the command of the Australian Army Medical Service. It was not until 6 July 1915, well into the Gallipoli campaign, that this small dental service, officially staffed and equipped, had been established at Gallipoli within the Australian Army Order of Battle.
626:. In 1995, dental units became part of the medical companies that were established within brigade administrative support battalions (BASBs), which were formed through the amalgamation of field ambulance, dental and psych units. The BASBs later became known as combat service support battalions (CSSBs) in 2001. These units are augmented by base level facilities located in each State, which are maintained by tri-service and civilian staff. Due to advances within the basic level of dental fitness required of Australian Army personnel, the current focus of dental care provided by the corps is on prevention, in order to minimise the requirement for the evacuation of dental casualties, to conserve manpower and to reduce the burden of casualty evacuation.
422:, however, these attempts had not come to fruition. Upon the outbreak of the war in 1914, there was no provision for establishment or organisation of dental services in the British Order of Battle, upon which Australia based its own Order of Battle at the time. Therefore, despite advice from dentists and requests from formation commanders at the outset of the war, the army thought there was no need for dental services, nor even for the supply of dental medicines or equipment. However, even though the Australian authorities initially saw no need to provide dental services to soldiers, a number of trained dentists volunteered for service and provided dental services on their own initiative.
533:
consisting of one dental officer, two dental mechanics and one clerk orderly, who were to be placed within three field ambulances, one casualty clearing station, two general hospitals and one convalescent depot. Initially, dental equipment and supplies were insufficient for the tasks required, with a single division requiring an estimated 50,000 fillings, 40,000 extractions and 10,000 dentures, however, personnel managed to overcome this through the acquisition of stores from local areas.
124:. The role of the RAADC is to provide dental care to army personnel in order to minimise the requirement for the evacuation of dental casualties, to conserve manpower and to reduce the burden of casualty evacuation. In the post-war years, the corps has provided personnel to deployments in Japan, Korea and Vietnam. It has also contributed to peace-keeping operations in Somalia, Rwanda, Bougainville and East Timor.
521:
31:
574:
development of acrylic resin for the manufacture of dentures, the involvement of dental surgeons in facio-maxillary surgery as part of the treatment of soldiers suffering from facial trauma—including plastic surgery and the fitting of moulds for epithelial inlays and skin and bone grafts—as well as developments in the manufacture of artificial eyes.
453:(AIF) was raised, a dental officer was recruited and situated in each military district with the remit of providing advice to senior medical personnel. They were not to carry out dental procedures, however, and as a result civilian dentists offered free services to soldiers while undertaking training in Australia. Upon the AIF's arrival in
495:
officers were honorary, but in June 1917 these were made substantive. To improve the management of the service, staff officers were appointed to oversee the units in France, the United
Kingdom and Egypt. By the end of the war, there were 130 dental officers serving overseas, representing a ratio of one dental officer per 4,250 men.
587:
corps gained Royal assent when they were granted the title of the Royal
Australian Army Dental Corps in recognition of its service during the war. At this time the corps colour was changed to green, although it was changed back to burnt orange in 1961. Later, further Regular Army units were raised for overseas service during the
586:
in 1946. In 1948, Australia's part-time military force was re-raised under the guise of the
Citizens Military Force (CMF), and dental units were raised in each State to provide support to CMF units. Regular Army units were also raised in each State, and at major training establishments. That year the
606:
individual units were assigned to divisions "on the basis of one unit per 5,000 troops", although they were not assigned as organic assets. Later, each division was allocated two dental units as organic assets; these were later combined into single units with a headquarters and 12 sections, equipped
503:
By 1920, the dental service had been demobilised. During the interwar years, the focus of
Australia's military planning was upon maintaining a reduced permanent force with a larger part-time military force. The need for dental services was thus greatly reduced and, as a result, they were largely
481:
In June 1915, a strength of 39 personnel, consisting of 13 lieutenants and 26 senior non-commissioned officer and other ranks was authorised. In July 1915, six dental officers were dispatched overseas from
Australia, while another four were appointed from personnel already stationed in Egypt. In
461:
argued the case for dentists to be attached to the army in the field, stating that it would reduce the instances of soldiers having to be evacuated from the field as 'dental casualties'. While some progress towards mitigating this was taken in
January 1915 when the Australian Army Medical Corps
541:, however, this was later changed to a rectangular shape in November 1945. By 1944, the corps consisted of 435 dentists. Throughout the war, dental units were deployed alongside fighting troops into all theatres of operation in which Australians were deployed, including the Middle East and the
494:
As the war progressed, the importance placed upon dental health within the AIF increased and by early 1917 stricter standards were being enforced on recruits and dental officers were given the power to require personnel to be paraded for dental inspections. Initially, the ranks held by dental
477:
Not only were dental health problems debilitating in their own way, but the makeshift supply system at the time was not able to provide rations that could be consumed by men with poor teeth, missing teeth or broken dental plates. Furthermore, the untreated dental caries (rotten teeth) lead to
573:
took place, however, their status as service troops meant that they were retained for longer as there was a requirement for demobilising soldiers from other corps to receive dental treatment prior to discharge. A number of advances in clinical practice occurred during the conflict, with the
532:
Following the outbreak of World War II, the small number of full-time dental personnel were augmented by
Militia officers and civilian volunteers. Although early enlistment was low, as part of the mobilisation process, in October 1939 provision was made for the establishment of dental units
482:
December 1915 further progress was made when Howse, who was a firm believer in the requirement for dental personnel to provide for the needs of soldiers, was appointed
Director General Medical Services AIF. In February 1916, a home establishment was created and the process of creating
486:
began in April. Thirty-six dental units were formed at this time, and they were allotted between varying levels of medical facilities ranging from field ambulances to general hospitals and training bases. When the AIF divisions were transferred to France to fight on the
553:. On occasions dental supplies were dropped by parachute to forward units in the field. Within the operational setting the focus was almost exclusively on emergency treatment, however, and routine or preventative work was undertaken "only when the situation allowed".
536:
On 23 April 1943, authorisation was given for the service to split from the
Medical Corps and for the formation of a separate corps known as the Australian Army Dental Corps. Upon the new corps' establishment, it was assigned a "burnt orange" hexagonal
425:
In the official absence of interest from the Army, many dentists and dental technicians volunteered as medical orderlies or even as infantrymen, in order to serve their country. Largely the services of dental volunteers were also rejected when the
556:
By October 1945, the corps had personnel spread across the gamut of organisational structures within the Army, including at formation, corps, line of communication, base and depot levels. Dental officers were also placed on the hospital ships,
508:, although a small number of permanent dental staff were retained on the establishment. Nevertheless, in 1928 an inspector of dental services was appointed, and although training opportunities were limited due to the economic hardships of the
570:
1139:
607:
with light vehicles and trailers, and consisting of 14 officers and 42 soldiers of varying ranks. This represented a ratio of one section per 1,000 personnel.
383:
434:, approved the attachment of John Henderson, a fourth year dental student, to deploy with them. Henderson later transferred to the infantry and was killed at
430:
was raised for deployment against German possessions in the Pacific. However, the senior Australian medical officer, Lieutenant Colonel (later Major General)
406:
Although it was officially formed in 1943, the corps has its genesis in an earlier formation that was raised for service during World War I as part of the
219:
1124:
427:
470:, contributing as early as June 1915 to a significant number of medical evacuations from the front lines. By July 1915, over 600 soldiers from the
545:, where they provided emergency treatment as close to the front line as possible, taking part in beach landings and also trekking overland on the
255:
491:, these units proceeded with the divisions, with three dental sections being allocated to each division and one unit to each field ambulance.
483:
410:. Prior to the war some efforts had been made to try to raise a dental service in the Australian military as part of the institution of
512:, throughout the interwar years the service developed its capabilities and corporate knowledge through a series of tactical exercises.
376:
1068:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945.Series 5 – Medical. Vol. I. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
1129:
280:
229:
265:
1092:
Fang Farriers: Australian Army Dentistry in War and Peace. A History of the Royal Australian Army Dental Corps, Volume I 1914–1939
260:
602:
Throughout the Cold War years, the corps was reorganised a number of times during 1960, 1970 and 1981; upon the adoption of the
357:
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347:
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234:
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619:
178:
446:. He nevertheless has the distinction of being the first dentist to serve officially in the Army in that capacity.
332:
285:
610:
Throughout the 1990s, the corps contributed to various peacekeeping operations, including those in Northern Iraq,
450:
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147:
142:
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967:
342:
224:
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121:
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462:(Dental) Reserve was approved, appointments were slow and consequently the AIF troops that deployed to
443:
290:
173:
168:
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did so without dental support. Dental health became a serious problem for the Australian army on the
411:
1042:
Gallipoli: The Medical War: The Australian Army Medical Services in the Dardanelles Campaign of 1915
120:, before being granted the 'Royal' prefix in 1948. Prior to its formation dentists were part of the
471:
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152:
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1019:
Kuusk, Sven (September 2006). "Origins and Development Royal Australian Army Dental Corps".
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During the post-war period, dental units were raised for service in Japan as part of the
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569:. Following the end of the war, the corps was slowly reduced as the
623:
1044:. Kensington, New South Wales: New South Wales University Press.
984:(3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
695:"Handbook of the RAADC, Chapter 2: Mythology and a Brief History"
559:
615:
454:
504:
provided by civilian dentists that were also serving in the
116:. It was formed on 23 April 1943 during World War II as the
524:
An Australian dental team works on a patient during the
962:(Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
953:
773:
771:
220:
Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
960:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
35:
Cap badge of the Royal Australian Army Dental Corps
768:
1140:Military units and formations established in 1943
428:Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force
1111:
1006:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
958:; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).
474:alone had been evacuated as dental casualties.
377:
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16:Administrative corps of the Australian Army
1125:Australian army units with royal patronage
913:
911:
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814:
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414:as a result of lessons learned during the
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256:Royal Australian Army Chaplains Department
29:
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281:Royal Australian Corps of Military Police
230:Royal Australian Corps of Military Police
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266:Australian Army Public Relations Service
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261:Royal Australian Army Educational Corps
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629:
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584:British Commonwealth Occupation Force
78:Provision of military dental services
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928:"Royal Australian Army Dental Corps"
670:
655:Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps
348:Australian Army Transportation Corps
215:Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps
647:Australian Army Order of Precedence
640:Royal Australian Army Medical Corps
358:Women's Royal Australian Army Corps
323:Royal Australian Army Service Corps
235:Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps
205:Royal Australian Army Medical Corps
200:Royal Australian Corps of Transport
13:
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604:Pentropic divisional establishment
498:
251:Australian Army Intelligence Corps
210:Royal Australian Army Dental Corps
110:Royal Australian Army Dental Corps
24:Royal Australian Army Dental Corps
14:
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697:. Australian Army. Archived from
179:Royal Australian Corps of Signals
1130:1943 establishments in Australia
333:Australian Army Veterinary Corps
286:Australian Army Psychology Corps
982:A Military History of Australia
920:
887:
878:
869:
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839:
821:
515:
271:Royal Australian Army Pay Corps
148:Royal Australian Infantry Corps
143:Royal Australian Armoured Corps
780:
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722:
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401:
343:Australian Instructional Corps
225:Australian Army Catering Corps
112:(RAADC) is a corps within the
1:
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786:Dennis et al. (2008), p. 462.
408:Australian Army Medical Corps
328:Royal Australian Survey Corps
122:Australian Army Medical Corps
438:in 1916, while serving as a
130:Corps of the Australian Army
118:Australian Army Dental Corps
7:
1040:Tyquin, Michael B. (1993).
866:Walker (1952), pp. 614–615.
753:Tyquin (1993), pp. 133-136.
577:
276:Australian Army Legal Corps
10:
1156:
1004:South West Pacific 1941–45
719:Dennis et al 2008, p. 462.
412:universal military service
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291:Australian Army Band Corps
174:Royal Australian Engineers
169:Royal Australian Artillery
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451:Australian Imperial Force
95:
90:
82:
74:
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1094:. Adelaide: Sven Kuusk.
1065:Clinical Problems of War
893:Kuusk (2006), pp. 28–29.
663:
184:Australian Army Aviation
153:Australian Army Aviation
930:. Department of Defence
459:William Throsby Bridges
845:Walker (1952), p. 613.
777:Tyquin (1993), p. 136.
571:demobilisation process
529:
338:Australian Staff Corps
192:Combat Service Support
1120:Australian Army Corps
728:Tyquin (1993), p. 135
523:
353:Australian Tank Corps
307:Corps of Staff Cadets
1090:Kuusk, Sven (2016).
917:Kuusk (2006), p. 30.
905:Kuusk (2006), p. 29.
884:Kuusk (2006), p. 28.
875:Grey (2008), p. 200.
857:Kuusk (2006), p. 27.
836:Keogh (1965), p. 44.
827:Keogh (1965), p. 35.
818:Kuusk (2006), p. 26.
800:Kuusk (2006), p. 25.
765:Kuusk (2006), p. 24.
744:Kuusk (2006), p. 23.
630:Order of precedence
551:New Guinea campaign
468:Gallipoli Peninsula
1135:Military dentistry
530:
991:978-0-521-69791-0
661:
660:
652:Succeeded by
457:in 1915, General
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243:Command Support
114:Australian Army
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86:Honour the Work
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701:on 2 June 2011
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1027:(3): 23–30.
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932:. Retrieved
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703:. Retrieved
699:the original
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620:Bougainville
609:
601:
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564:
558:
555:
547:Kokoda Track
539:colour patch
535:
531:
516:World War II
502:
493:
484:dental units
480:
476:
472:1st Division
448:
424:
405:
315:Former Corps
209:
117:
109:
107:
96:Abbreviation
44:1943–present
18:
597:Vietnam War
549:during the
402:World War I
1114:Categories
1051:0868401897
1021:Sabretache
969:0195517849
947:References
705:14 October
624:East Timor
589:Korean War
566:Wanganella
464:Gallipoli
52:Australia
1062:(1952).
1033:60625210
1002:(1965).
980:(2008).
595:and the
578:Post war
436:Pozières
420:Boer War
418:and the
91:Insignia
83:Motto(s)
1074:8324033
1012:7185705
612:Somalia
560:Manunda
543:Pacific
528:, 1941.
506:Militia
442:in the
440:captain
397:History
49:Country
1098:
1072:
1048:
1031:
1010:
988:
966:
934:6 June
616:Rwanda
135:Combat
57:Branch
41:Active
1025:XLVII
664:Notes
455:Egypt
99:RAADC
70:Corps
1096:ISBN
1070:OCLC
1046:ISBN
1029:OCLC
1008:OCLC
986:ISBN
964:ISBN
936:2009
707:2011
622:and
563:and
108:The
75:Role
67:Type
61:Army
1116::
1023:.
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