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294:(1727–1805) as Naturalist to the Madras Government in April 1789. From 1793, he and Andrew Ross established a garden at Corcondah, where they worked on sugarcane and indigo. He also studied the prospects of introducing sago and other food crops to help alleviate the effect of famine. He was invited to fill the position of Superintendent at the Calcutta Botanical Garden where the death of Colonel Robert Kyd had created a vacancy. He made rapid progress and acquired a good reputation and was later invited by the government of
44:
192:
His father may have worked in the
Underwood estate or he may have been the illegitimate son of a well-connected family. His early education was at Underwood parish school perhaps also with some time at Symington parish school, and he probably also had private tutoring in Latin, as demonstrated by his
164:
surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions
391:
island on 7 June 1813 and left on 1 March 1814. Despite his poor health he produced an annotated list of Saint Helena plants during his stay. This list formed the only accessible printed account of the flora until 1875. This was published as an appendix to
Beatson's Tracts 1816. He appears to have
328:
He meticulously collected vast amounts of meteorological data for years, and is considered as a pioneer in the collection of tropical meteorological data, to an extent unrivalled elsewhere until the 1820s. He had begun collecting detailed meteorological data as soon as he set foot in India, at
450:
for a series of highly interesting and valuable communications on the subject of the productions of the East and a second gold medal in 1803 for a communication on the growth of trees in India. On 31 May 1814, he was presented, in the presence of a large assembly, a third gold medal by the
982:"Flora Indica; or Descriptions of Indian Plants, by the Late William Roxburgh. Edited by William Carey, D.D., to Which are Added Descriptions of Plants More Recently Discovered by Nathaniel Wallich. Serampore, West Bengal, India | International Plant Names Index"
956:
487:
325:
in 3 volumes with over 300 drawings and descriptions of plants. The last part was published in March 1820. The names of the local artists who produced the botanical illustrations were not recorded.
447:
165:
of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators. He was the first to document the existence of the
376:, to whose Transactions he contributed, from time to time, many valuable papers. Amongst these was one of singular interest on the lacca insect, from which the substance
392:
lived in, or close to, his original
Edinburgh lodgings, then known as 4 Park Place or Street on the Meadows. He died there on 18 February 1815 and was buried nearby in
747:"The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) | Metro | Restore Plan for Ruin." The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) | Metro | Restore Plan for Ruin. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 April 2013.
353:
as well an experimental physiologist. Roxburgh's interest in systematic meteorology may have stemmed from the influence of John Hope as well as his experiences at the
263:
242:
as an
Assistant Surgeon on 28 May 1776 and was promoted to the rank of Surgeon in 1780. He received a second doctorate (also MD) on 12 January 1790 from
1167:
458:
Soon after receiving this last honourable testimony of high respect, Roxburgh returned to
Edinburgh, where he later died. He was created Keeper of the
235:
in 1774. Several of these voyages took him to Madras and other ports in India. In 1776 he received his first doctorate (MD) from
Edinburgh University.
1162:
862:
510:
had previously applied the name 'microphylla' to an unrelated
European species in 1798. The name was then changed in 1823 by (Austrian botanist)
1212:
1187:
1177:
1182:
216:. His studies included mathematics and physics, which would make him interested in precise quantification later in life in studies on hemp.
524:
486:. Carey and Wallich continued to work in the field of botany and in 1834, both Carey and Wallich contributed botanical specimens to the
1157:
1207:
1202:
404:
200:
and matriculated around 1771 or 1772. He lived with the well-connected family of Dr John
Boswell, living at "the back of the
1197:
1192:
1152:
940:
927:
911:
898:
641:
628:
365:. Such detailed measurements over many years led him to form an opinion on widespread famine and climate change in the
306:
in 1793 as
Superintendent of the Company garden at Sibpur near Calcutta. A catalogue of the garden was made in 1814 –
702:
258:
1077:
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experiments. He employed native artists to illustrate plants. He had 700 illustrations by 1790. He then succeeded
1132:
1096:
1028:
459:
425:
350:
291:
275:
732:
436:
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1217:
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due to poor health. To recuperate from his illness before continuing his voyage to
Scotland, he stopped at
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220:
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1032:
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49:
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64:
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17:
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787:
584:
213:
197:
166:
126:
8:
571:"Ganges River Dolphin: An Overview of Biology, Ecology, and Conservation Status in India"
511:
393:
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803:
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929:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
900:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
822:
630:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
1114:
539:
596:
357:
which, in the early 1770s, was greatly influenced by the climatic theories of
1126:
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Roxburgh monument at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden.
366:
358:
346:
342:
1072:
839:
614:
440:
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338:
333:, and is known to have taken measurements three times a day, using Ramsden
318:
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in 1772 serving under surgeon Richard Ballantyne. He also served on the
807:
334:
303:
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as the Company Botanist in Madras in April 1789. His early work was on
205:
87:
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posthumously edited and published vol. 1 of Dr. William Roxburgh's
384:
247:
182:
114:
68:
43:
823:"A meteorological diary kept at Fort St George in the East Indies"
778:
Sealy, J. R. (1956). "The Roxburgh Flora Indica Drawings at Kew".
981:
330:
279:
491:
154:
1027:
478:. In 1824, Carey edited and published vol. 2 of Roxburgh's
151:
349:. He trained under John Hope, who was the curator of the
177:
He was born on 3 June 1751 on the Underwood estate near
482:, including extensive remarks and contributions by Dr.
185:
and christened on 29 June 1751 at the nearby church at
1054:
William Roxburgh. The Founding Father of Indian Botany
341:, made by then reputed scientific instrument makers,
534:is used to indicate this person as the author when
264:
Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden
820:
435:In 1802, Roxburgh was elected as a member of the
1124:
879:"Annals Of The Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta".
282:as superintendent in the Samalkot garden in the
827:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1073:Plants of the coast of Coromandel on Botanicus
476:Flora Indica; or Descriptions of Indian Plants
455:(then, the president of the Society of Arts).
1051:
935:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
906:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
636:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
208:during this period. He studied surgery under
881:Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta
722:
692:
470:In 1820, at the Mission Press in Serampore,
446:In 1805, he received the gold medal of the
396:. He was outlived by his third wife Mary.
160:(3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a
42:
1168:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
838:
604:
517:
428:. In 1799 he was elected a Fellow of the
27:Scottish surgeon and botanist (1751–1815)
1163:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
773:
771:
568:
488:Royal Society for Agriculture and Botany
403:
257:
718:
716:
714:
412:In 1791 he was erected a Fellow of the
14:
1125:
727:. The White House Press. p. 128.
321:, who in May 1795, started publishing
317:He had sent many illustrations to Sir
1213:18th-century Scottish medical doctors
1188:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1178:Scottish people of the British Empire
777:
768:
686:
506:by Dr. Roxburgh in 1820, but because
465:
1183:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
711:
674:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1773
695:Indian botanical drawings 1793–1868
219:He joined (as a surgeon's mate) an
24:
1056:. Chichester, England: Phillimore.
25:
1229:
1158:British East India Company people
1061:
821:Roxburgh, W; Pringle, J. (1790).
448:Society for the Promotion of Arts
323:Plants of the coast of Coromandel
869:. Anthony Nelson Ltd., Oswestry.
1208:18th-century Scottish botanists
1029:International Plant Names Index
1021:
999:
974:
949:
920:
891:
872:
856:
847:
814:
759:
750:
741:
460:Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
193:letters and some descriptions.
1203:Burials at Greyfriars Kirkyard
1103:Naturalist to the H.E.I.C. at
867:The Endemic Flora of St Helena
677:
668:
659:
650:
621:
562:
553:
437:American Philosophical Society
399:
13:
1:
1078:Searchable online version of
172:
262:Roxburgh's residence at the
134:Author abbrev. (botany)
7:
725:Ecology, Climate and Empire
569:Sinha K., Ravindra (2014).
270:Roxburgh began work in the
10:
1234:
1198:People from South Ayrshire
1045:
414:Royal Society of Edinburgh
372:He became a member of the
351:Edinburgh botanical garden
300:Calcutta Botanical gardens
1193:People from East Ayrshire
1153:Botanists active in India
1111:
1101:
1093:
1068:Hortus Bengalensis (1814)
597:10.1007/s13280-014-0534-7
508:René Louiche Desfontaines
312:Francis Buchanan-Hamilton
253:
142:
132:
120:
109:
102:
94:
75:
56:
41:
34:
786:(2). Springer: 297–348.
656:Symington Parish records
546:
462:on arrival until death.
383:In 1813, he returned to
298:, to take charge of the
212:and learnt botany under
274:from 1781 and replaced
196:He studied medicine at
1133:British pteridologists
1052:Robinson, Tim (2008).
840:10.1098/rstl.1778.0012
756:Robinson (2008):32-33.
518:Authority abbreviation
409:
310:. He was succeeded by
267:
240:Madras Medical Service
1009:. southernedition.com
723:Grove, R. H. (1997).
693:Noltie, H.J. (1999).
416:. His proposers were
407:
355:Royal Society of Arts
261:
50:Charles Turner Warren
1218:Scottish taxonomists
961:search.amphilsoc.org
957:"APS Member History"
665:Robinson (2008):5-7.
559:Robinson (2008):5–6.
502:was initially named
286:. Here he conducted
198:Edinburgh University
167:Ganges river dolphin
1007:"The Chestnut Rose"
853:Robinson (2008):73.
792:1956KewBu..11..297S
765:Robinson (2008):38.
683:Robinson (2008):22.
589:2014Ambio..43.1029S
525:author abbreviation
512:Leopold Trattinnick
394:Greyfriars Kirkyard
1138:Economic botanists
576:Journal of Biology
490:'s Winter Show in
466:Posthumous honours
410:
363:Duhamel du Monceau
308:Hortus Bengalensis
268:
221:East India Company
210:Dr Alexander Monro
1173:Scottish surgeons
1121:
1120:
1112:Succeeded by
484:Nathaniel Wallich
422:Daniel Rutherford
244:Marischal College
146:
145:
104:Scientific career
36:William Roxburgh
16:(Redirected from
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1094:Preceded by
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1083:Scanned volumes
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583:(8): 1029–1046.
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504:Rosa microphylla
284:Northern Circars
149:William Roxburgh
122:Doctoral advisor
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453:Duke of Norfolk
430:Linnean Society
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292:Patrick Russell
288:economic botany
276:Patrick Russell
272:Carnatic region
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48:Engraving by
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1080:Flora Indica
1079:
1053:
1033:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1001:
991:13 September
989:. Retrieved
986:www.ipni.org
985:
976:
964:. Retrieved
960:
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480:Flora Indica
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441:Philadelphia
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389:Saint Helena
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339:thermometers
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319:Joseph Banks
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86:Park Place,
81:(1815-04-10)
60:29 June 1751
29:
1148:1751 births
1143:1815 deaths
833:: 180–193.
494:, Belgium.
426:John Walker
400:Recognition
337:and Nairne
204:" in south
95:Nationality
63:Underwood,
1127:Categories
1109:1789-1793
1034: Roxb
734:1874267189
335:barometers
304:Robert Kyd
266:at Howrah.
173:Early life
380:is made.
214:John Hope
206:Edinburgh
187:Symington
127:John Hope
113:surgeon,
88:Edinburgh
1013:24 March
865:(1995).
615:24924188
439:held in
385:Scotland
248:Aberdeen
226:Houghton
183:Ayrshire
162:Scottish
115:botanist
98:Scottish
69:Ayrshire
1046:Sources
966:1 April
808:4109049
788:Bibcode
606:4235892
585:Bibcode
202:Meadows
179:Craigie
65:Craigie
1105:Madras
939:
910:
806:
731:
701:
640:
613:
603:
536:citing
367:empire
331:Madras
296:Bengal
280:botany
254:Career
110:Fields
933:(PDF)
904:(PDF)
804:JSTOR
634:(PDF)
547:Notes
530:Roxb.
492:Ghent
232:Queen
223:ship
155:FRCPE
138:Roxb.
18:Roxb.
1015:2015
993:2021
968:2021
937:ISBN
908:ISBN
887:: 4.
729:ISBN
699:ISBN
638:ISBN
611:PMID
424:and
361:and
345:and
152:FRSE
76:Died
57:Born
835:doi
796:doi
601:PMC
593:doi
378:lac
246:in
181:in
158:FLS
1129::
1031:.
984:.
959:.
883:.
831:68
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825:.
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794:.
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885:V
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20:)
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