709:. The animals were led back by twenty-five Natives hoping for compensation in return, as Udell explained: "It was soon evident that they expected very extravagant rewards, all expecting shoes, clothing, and trinkets, besides some cattle ... many remained in camp with us that night, doubtless for the purpose of stealing, but the guard kept so sharp a lookout that they found no opportunity." On August 20, the party awoke to another fifty Hualapai anticipating gifts in exchange for the return of the stolen animals. The Natives left around noon, after receiving tobacco, trinkets, and food, but the emigrants noticed that six oxen were missing. A search team located four carcasses that had been stripped of their flesh; the other two animals were found nearby, having been recently killed, but not yet butchered. That night, the Rose–Baley Party decided to once again split their wagon train in response to the scarcity of water. According to Baley, as they journeyed from their campsite at Peach Springs to the Colorado River more than 100 miles (160 km) away, they were almost continuously harassed by Natives, who sent arrows flying into their wagon train during the day and raided their camp at night.
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travel without water, and several members of the party were opposed to proceeding any further west until another source had been found. Udell disagreed, "I contended that we had better travel on, for, with careful and proper treatment, we could get the stock through to water, and if we remain here until the rainy season, in all human probability our provisions would be exhausted, and we should parish with starvation." Despite his pleas, nobody wanted to go on until they had located potable water, so six men agreed to undertake a search in hopes that
Savedra had overlooked a closer source. Two days later, a man returned to camp and reported that a spring had been found 15 miles (24 km) west, but its supply was so sparse that it could not meet the needs of the entire wagon train at once. After a thorough debate it was decided that, despite stern warnings from Army officers in Albuquerque against splitting into smaller groups, the best course of action was to divide the train in two and water their stock separately.
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reached their last known source of water, and
Savedra informed them that there was not another for 60 miles (97 km). Because that was too long for their animals to travel without water, the party decided to backtrack approximately 26 miles (42 km) to the location of the last reliable supply at Cataract Creek. Udell again protested to no avail, recording in his journal that night: "Had there been a road that I could have traveled without a guide, I should have gone on and risked the consequences." Having trekked 52 miles (84 km) without clean water, the party's stock had grown extremely thirsty. The supply at Cataract Canyon was limited, and it contained what Udell called "wigglers"; however, they had no choice but to drink from, and allow their animals to drink from, the less than ideal source. By August 9, the Rose–Baley Party had begun to lose confidence in Savedra's ability to find water, and had been forced to do their own scouting for the precious resource. They had taken to building
216:. The location where Beale crossed the river, en route to California, became known as Beale's Crossing. Beale described the route, "It is the shortest from our western frontier by 300 miles (480 km), being nearly directly west. It is the most level: our wagons only double-teaming once in the entire distance, and that at a short hill, and over a surface heretofore unbroken by wheels or trail on any kind. It is well-watered: our greatest distance without water at any time being 20 miles (32 km). It is well-timbered, and in many places the growth is far beyond that of any part of the world I have ever seen. It is temperate in climate, passing for the most part over an elevated region. It is salubrious: not one of our party requiring the slightest medical attendance from the time of our leaving to our arrival ... It crosses the great desert (which must be crossed by any road to California) at its narrowest point."
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oxen were returned to the wagons. Rose and his wife, Amanda, decided to scout the river bank for a suitable campsite, exiting their wagon to make the journey by foot. Moments later, an aggressive Mohave placed his hand on her shoulder and bosom, and she ran back, terrified, to the relative safety of their wagon. Rose, not wanting to incite the Mohave, ignored the incident and continued to the river. Other Mohave harassed Alpha Brown's family, briefly threatening to take his wife's dress and abduct their son. That danger was averted, but many Mohave set about driving off and slaughtering several of the party's cattle before leaving the emigrants alone at their encampment, some two hundred yards from the river and 10 miles (16 km) away from the Baley company's mountain camp.
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a defense, the women ran with their children to the covered wagons. Both Udell and Rose stated that the fighting lasted for approximately two hours. Baley explains that when a Mohave chief who appeared to be leading the attack stepped out in front of his warriors and taunted the emigrants, Gillum Baley, a veteran of the Black Hawk War and a noted marksman, took him down with a single rifle shot. The Mohave warriors then retrieved the chief's body and retreated from the battle. Later historians have questioned whether
Mojaves were fully responsible for the attack, and if Hualapais had also taken part in the attack, following the account of Lieutenant Colonel William Hoffman.
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a combination of broken
English and Spanish, how many people their wagon train included and whether they intended to permanently settle near the Colorado River. The Mohave, who appeared friendly and had brought with them corn and melons, which they sold to the emigrants, were promised that the wagon train planned to travel through the region en route to their intended destination in Southern California. This seemed to appease the Natives, many of whom helped the party during their descent down the western slope of the Black Mountains to the Colorado River below. The emigrants were now entering Mohave country, near present-day
664:, which at 12,633 ft (3,851 m) is the highest point in Arizona. While climbing the mountain, they came across a large snowfield and were surprised to see snow and ice in late July. Before their descent, they entertained themselves by pushing a massive boulder down the mountainside. Up to this point, the emigrants had enjoyed a primitive but decent road, good small game hunting, and a consistent supply of water, grass, and wood. They had experienced what Baley described as "beautiful and interesting" scenery and encountered only friendly Native Americans; however, a drastic change in these conditions was imminent.
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found an acceptable source 40 miles (64 km) distant and another 80 miles (130 km) away. The emigrants spent the next morning filling casks and preparing for travel; they left late that afternoon, and after having trekked continuously for nearly twenty-four hours arrived at
Partridge Creek the next day. That night a thunderstorm filled the creek with rainwater, further easing their concerns; however, after traveling 20 miles (32 km) the following day, they realized that the recent rainfalls has not reached that far, forcing them to make a dry camp on August 17.
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closer, they unanimously decided to backtrack the nearly 500 miles (800 km) to
Albuquerque. Because they were dangerously low on supplies, their successful return to Albuquerque was partly contingent upon finding assistance from west-bound emigrants. Before beginning the return trip, they wrapped Alpha Brown's body in chains and committed it to the Colorado River. With only one remaining wagon and the ambulance, they decided which items they could carry and which they should abandon. Those who were able rode horses, and the rest walked.
645:. They immediately packed up their camp and left, as they were becoming accustomed to evening and night travel, which allowed them to refrain from exertion during the peak heat of the day. They covered 20 miles (32 km) on July 25 before stopping near a spring in the pine-covered foothills of Arizona's tallest mountains, the San Francisco Peaks, which can be seen for 100 miles (160 km) in most directions. The range's cool forests gave them a much-needed respite from the intense heat and aridity of the high plains desert.
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frightened children. By 10 p.m. the party began to hear war whoops and the clanging of pots and pans coming from the direction of the
Colorado River. Baley suggests that the Mohave had returned to "finish them off", but after finding a large cache of supplies celebrated their windfall, which included Rose's eight-dollar-a-bottle brandy. In Baley's opinion, the newfound spoils were likely the only reason the Mohave did not follow the fleeing wagon train, now en route to rendezvous with the Baley company at their mountain camp.
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would occur, and that they could cross the
Colorado as they pleased. About one hour later, another chief and several warriors approached the camp; after receiving gifts, they also left without incident. According to Rose, upon hearing of the emigrants plans the chief gave them, "a very searching look, as if not half believing it". By noon, the party had moved their camp still closer to where they planned to cross, about a mile downriver near a patch of cottonwood trees that were suitable for building rafts.
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430:, where, despite Udell's lone dissent, they would become the first emigrant train to venture onto Beale's Wagon Road. Udell, writing in his journal, explained his concern: "I thought it was preposterous to start on so long a journey with so many woman and helpless children, and so many dangers attending the attempt." According to Baley, the emigrants first learned of the recently surveyed road while visiting Albuquerque. Townspeople and army officers, including
164:, a 62-year-old Baptist minister who had left his home in Missouri with his wife, Emily, kept a daily record of the party's travels, recording the locations of their campsites and their estimated distance from Missouri, the weather and road conditions, and the availability of grass, water, and wood. Baley described Udell's journal as the "basic framework" of his research. The only other source of firsthand information is Rose, whose account was printed in the
590:'s rocky high desert, the next water available to the Rose–Baley Party was at a spot named Jacob's Well, located 36 miles (58 km) west of Zuni Pueblo and 32 miles (51 km) west of their July 10 campsite. Accordingly, Baley notes that the emigrants were careful to not get lost between watering holes. Udell recorded that, after traveling for more than half a day, they rested and watered their stock at the well, which produced
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children, were massacred while traveling unaccompanied from Baley's mountain camp to Rose's river camp. However subsequent investigations showed that the
Bentners had been attacked by a group of Hualapais, including seven renegade Mohave warriors. The emigrants killed approximately seventeen Mohave warriors. In the opinion of the cultural anthropologist
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were sent to find them. They tracked the animals to a deep canyon, where Native
Americans hiding in the rocks shot arrows at them. Savedra noticed the Natives watching the party from the nearby foothills the following day, and was able to draw them into camp using sign language. In Baley's opinion, the Natives were most likely
641:. Uncertain where the next source of clean water was, they decided to camp near the canyon, where they successfully hunted for game while searching for a fresh spring. By the late afternoon of July 24, Savedra returned to camp and reported that they had found water 17 miles (27 km) away at Walnut Creek, now part of
434:, encouraged them to take the new route, which was shorter than the established southern trails by 200 miles (320 km), or approximately 30 days travel. They were also told that there was a reliable supply of food and water along the way, and the area was free of hostile Native Americans. E.F. Beale was in
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According to Udell, eight members of the Rose-Baley party had been killed and thirteen wounded. Rose stated that of the train's livestock, only ten horses and seventeen cattle remained. Baley notes that in addition to the killing of Alpha Brown, all seven members of the Bentner family, including five
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about one mile from the river, where their oxen were unhitched and allowed to join the loose stock racing towards the water. There the emigrants encountered more Mohave, but unlike the friendly ones that greeted them at Sitgreaves Pass, these were rude and hostile. After a thorough watering, the work
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in 1851. From the crest they could see the Colorado River in the distance. Having traveled all night and worked continuously during the morning and afternoon, the Rose–Baley Party stopped to prepare their first meal of the day. Soon afterward, a small group of Mohave warriors approached and asked, in
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In Baley's opinion, Udell was right to be concerned about the road, and adds: "although Beale had taken a few wagons over the route, was little more than a survey trail marked only by faint wagon tracks, an occasional stone cairn, and perhaps a few axe blazes on trees." Portions of the road followed
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as they shot arrows into the camp, mortally wounding Rose's foreman, Alpha Brown. Udell described the attack as "like a shower" of arrows. According to Rose, "I have no doubt they expected to massacre us. But we were well armed and the men that were in camp ready to receive them." As the men mounted
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On August 13, Udell noted that the area received a substantial rainfall that marginally eased the Rose–Baley Party's concerns regarding the scarcity of water in the region. Later that evening, the men who had been searching for it during the last five days returned to camp and reported that they had
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According to Baley, on July 29 Savedra informed the Rose–Baley Party, now camped near Leroux Springs, that the next reliable drinking water was seventy or 80 miles (130 km) away, and there would not be a closer source until the coming rainy season. This distance exceeded what most animals could
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On August 18, after having traveled the last 85 miles (137 km) without reliable grass or water, the Rose–Baley Party located a field and a spring that were sufficient to satisfy their stock. That night, despite posting round-the-clock guards, a mare and a mule went missing, and three searchers
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On July 18, Udell recorded that spirits were high amongst the Rose–Baley Party: "Our large company continue to be harmonious, friendly, and kind to each other ... General good health prevails ... Travel today, 10 miles (16 km), and 1,112 from the Missouri River." The Rose–Baley Party
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At approximately 6 p.m., with the wounded in one wagon, the children in the ambulance, and the healthy adults on foot, the Rose company began the difficult journey back to Albuquerque, during which, according to the author Arthur Woodward, they observed a fiery comet that further upset the already
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By midnight, the Baley company had fallen behind the Rose company and decided to stop and make a mountain camp while Rose and others continued to the Colorado River, where they planned to water their combined stock and build a raft in preparation for the impending river crossing. By noon on August
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Udell recorded that on August 1, the Rose company ventured west without the Baley company, who waited one full day before starting out from Leroux Springs. In the meantime, the search party had located enough springs to sustain them for the next 50 miles (80 km). Several days later, the party
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When the battle had ended, and the Mohave retreated, the Rose company gathered to discuss their options. Being low on ammunition and manpower, the emigrants were not confident in their ability to hold off another attack. So, although San Bernardino, at about 170 miles (270 km) away was much
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The following morning, they moved their camp to the river bank to facilitate easier watering of their stock. They were visited around noon by twenty-five warriors and a Mohave sub-chief, who heard their complaints about the killing of their livestock and assured them that no further depredations
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and vegetables, as this was the last such opportunity to purchase supplies until San Bernardino, approximately 500 miles (800 km) away. According to Baley, this is most likely the first time the Zuni had encountered European women and children, and the first time the emigrants had ever seen
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officers stationed in Albuquerque insisted the emigrants hire Jose Manuel Savedra, a Mexican guide who had traveled with Beale during his initial survey of the route, and his interpreter, Petro. Unbeknownst to the group, Beale was unhappy with Savedra's scouting abilities, and had demoted him to
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as an indispensable necessity for the emigrant over this road; for although the Indians living in the rich meadow lands are agricultural, and consequently peaceable, they are very numerous, so much so that we counted 800 men around our camp on the second day after our arrival on the banks of the
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In 1858 some miners who had just returned from California so fired my imagination with descriptions of its glorious climate, wealth of flowers, and luscious fruits, that I was inspired with an irresistible desire to experience in person the delights to be found in the land of
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According to Baley, when the Bentner family wagon was located, the eldest daughter's naked body was found nearby; her face had been mutilated. The other Bentners were never found; however, Mohave warriors had taunted the emigrants near the river with a long pole with several
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To finance the venture, Rose sold the majority of his assets, and after paying off his debts was left with $ 30,000, then a considerable amount of money. These funds enabled him to finance an especially well-equipped wagon train that included twenty horses, including two
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According to J.W. Cheney, their decision to avoid Utah by taking a southern route added 500 mi (800 km) to the trip. Cheney wrote a story about the party in 1915, his material drew heavily from an account given to him by Edward Akey, a member of the Rose
548:, and Spanish missionaries. In Baley's opinion, the Rose–Baley Party had previously enjoyed the benefits of a primitive but well-established trail; however, at this point they became the first emigrant wagon train to venture onto the untested Beale's Wagon Road.
629:, the emigrants were able to secure drinkable water by digging holes in the riverbank that allowed sediment to settle until the water was clear enough for consumption. Next, they followed the river 85 miles (137 km) to a location that Baley identified as
519:, which, although 8,000 feet (2,400 m) to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) feet in elevation, was a relatively easy passage. Udell described the road as "smooth and fine, we traveled it in a day with our ox teams, and no hard labor." On July 7, they camped near
236:, Leonard John Rose, known as L.J. Rose, formed a company with his family of seven, his foreman, Alpha Brown, and his family, and seventeen grubstakers, workers who were not paid a salary, but given food and board in exchange for their labor. Rose was born in
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out of pine in hopes that they could gather enough in containers to last them until the next acceptable supply. Udell wrote, "Our water still holds out ... like the widow's cruse of oil, and tastes more pleasant, having been stirred up so often for us."
523:, then called Inscription Rock, and several members of the party, including Rose and Udell, carved their names into stone —a tradition dating back to 1605. Their inscriptions indicated that they were aware of being the first emigrants in the region.
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Wagon Road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado River: Letter from the Secretary of War, Transmitting the Report of the Superintendent of the Wagon Road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado River: Issue 124 of [U.S.] 35th Cong., 1st sess. House. Ex.
286:(i.e. six oxen) to pull each wagon. Three wagons were loaded with supplies, and the fourth was used by Alpha Brown and his family. Rose's family traveled in a small wagon that had once been used as an ambulance, which was pulled by a pair of mules.
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river. The temptation of scattered emigrant parties with their families, and the confusion of inexperienced teamsters, rafting so wide and rapid a river with their wagons and families, would offer too strong a temptation for the Indians to withstand.
503:. Three days later, as the last of their outfit crossed, one of Rose's men, Frank Emerdick, drowned in the river. Baley notes that they traveled for the next five days and, because there were no suitable campsites nearby, did not stop to celebrate
904:, who strongly disliked outsiders in their land. Nevertheless, the emigrants did not see any Navajo in the area, as they passed the warmer months of the year in higher country where they could find plentiful grass for their flocks of sheep.
701:). They admitted to having the group's missing animals, but insisted that the Mohave had stolen them. They repeatedly thumped their chest while uttering, "Hanna, Hanna", meaning "good" Native, insisting that the Mohave were "bad" Natives.
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because the negative experiences of the first wagon trains to attempt the passage effectively "discouraged its use". Baley's great-grandparents joined his great-great uncle in forming the company in 1858, which merged with one led by
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named Black Morrill; their combined value exceeded $ 3,000. He also purchased two hundred head of red Durham cattle, which he planned to resell in California for profit. To complete the train, Rose acquired four large ox-drawn
544:, which, although rare, was noticeably present in the Zuni population. They left Zuni Pueblo late that afternoon and entered unfamiliar territory that, until now, had only been traversed by Native Americans, explorers,
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According to Rose, Savedra knew that the Mohave rarely ventured this far from their homelands, so they assumed the Hualapai had taken the animals, which were returned the following morning as the party camped at
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On July 10, the Rose–Baley Party reached Zuni Pueblo, which according to Baley was then home to as many as 2,000 Native Americans. They spent several hours visiting and sightseeing, and the Zuni sold them
132:. Eight members of the party were killed, including five children, and thirteen wounded. The emigrants killed several of the attackers, and decided to backtrack more than 500 miles (800 km) to
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According to Baley, political and economic factors prompted two Hedgpeth and two Baley families to leave northwestern Missouri for California in early 1858. One factor was the enactment of the
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further contributed to instability in the region, driving many mid-westerners to seek a better life in California. The combined Baley-Hedgpeth outfits were led by a 44-year-old veteran of the
121:, a 62-year-old Baptist minister kept a daily journal of the party's travels, recording the locations of their campsites, documenting their progress, and noting the availability of resources.
93:, formed the party after hearing stories from gold miners returning from California. He subsequently financed a well-equipped wagon train that included twenty horses and two hundred head of
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Beale suggested that, in addition to a military fort, the route was also in immediate need of bridges and dams to ensure safe travel and provide a reliable water supply; he requested
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groups fueled conflict near the Missouri state line, affecting its western counties, including Nodaway, where the Baleys and Hedgpeths lived. In Baley's opinion, the financial
360:. In the interests of safety, the groups agreed to an informal merger; their combined outfits numbered 20 wagons, 40 men, 50 to 60 women and children, and nearly 500 head of
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of oxen to pull each wagon. The Rose company left Iowa in early April, and in mid-May they were joined by the Baley company, led by a forty-four-year-old veteran of the
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was 100 miles (160 km) shorter and easier to navigate with large wagons, but according to Baley it also led its travelers through the territory of the hostile
399:. The Mountain Branch continued into the mountains of southern Colorado, and the Cimarron Cutoff avoided mountains, but traversed the 50 mi (80 km)-wide
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On August 30, 1858, after having traveled more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km) in four months, the Rose–Baley Party were attacked as they prepared to cross the
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While camped near Canyon Diablo, several members of the Rose-Baley Party, including Gillum Baley and Amanda Rose, carved their names into Register Rock No. 4.
767:, screaming. She had been playing in a wagon when she noticed several Mohave nearby. Having lost the element of surprise, three hundred warriors then let out
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2293:"John Udell Journal, kept during a trip across the plains, containing account of the massacre of a portion of his party by the Mojave Indians in 1859"
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697:. They could speak a few words of Spanish and English, and Savedra was able to communicate with them using their dialect and sign language (likely
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According to Baley, at approximately 2 p.m. on August 30, 1858, the emigrants camped near the Colorado River heard Alpha Brown's step-daughter,
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as a free territory and granted Kansas the right to decide on the legality of slavery within the state. The resulting tensions between
117:. Their combined outfits numbered twenty wagons, forty men, fifty to sixty women and children, and nearly five hundred head of cattle.
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human and animal trails, and – although potable water was sporadically available – there were also long stretches called
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660:, they decided to devote a few extra days to recuperation and sightseeing, and several members of the wagon train climbed
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According to Udell's journal, after Navajo Springs the next available water was 40 miles (64 km) distant, at the
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2011:, pp. 72–74: the distance from the mountain camp to Albuquerque was approximately 500 miles (800 km);
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Belden, L. Burr (December 9, 1951). "History in the Making: Mohave Massacre of Wagon Train brings War, Fort".
2015:, p. 58: the Rose-Baley Party observed a fiery comet that further upset the already frightened children.
780:, "the event sealed the fate of the Mohave as an independent people." In 1859, the US military established
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According to Charles W. Baley, great-grand nephew of Baley company leader, Gillum Baley, and the author of
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356:. In mid-May, they were joined by the Baley company while resting at Cottonwood Creek, near present-day
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This day all who were left alive of Mr. Rose's party came into camp, bringing melancholy intelligence.
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The oldest inscription at El Morro National Monument is that of New Mexico's first Spanish governor,
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to fund the improvements. Further complicating the journey, the only pockets of civilization between
2241:. Huntington Library Publications. San Marino, California: The Huntington Library. pp. 306–315.
244:, he identified what motivated him to leave Iowa, where he had built several successful businesses:
391:, where a viable southern route could then be taken to California. The Santa Fe Trail followed the
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240:, Germany in 1827; at the age of eight, he immigrated to the United States. In 1892, writing in
721:. They made their crossing at Sitgreaves Pass, elevation 3,652 feet and named after Lieutenant
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Udell recorded that in the late afternoon of August 27, 1858, the Rose–Baley Party reached the
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Udell recorded that the Rose–Baley Party left Albuquerque on June 26 and began crossing the
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stretches from where Beale's Wagon Road meets the Colorado River to southern California.
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Baley's account drew heavily from the only known journal kept by a member of the group.
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Rose, Leonard John (1941). "Massacre on the Colorado". In Cleland, Robert Glass (ed.).
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diverged from the Little Colorado River where it meets Canyon Diablo, near present-day
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but acceptable water. Later that evening, they trekked another 8 miles (13 km) to
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helping with the animals in the pack train. The Rose–Baley Party paid Savedra's fee of
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Painted desert and petrified logs seen from Blue Mesa, Petrified Forest National Park
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317:, 62 oxen, 75 head of cattle, and several riding horses. They employed half-a-dozen
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2076:. [U.S.] 35th Cong., 1st sess. House. Ex. Doc.no. 124. Harvard University.
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in 1859, and later reprinted as an appendix in Dr. Robert Glass Cleland's work,
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Beale's Wagon Road would eventually be supplanted first by the railroad, then
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Baley notes that the Rose–Baley Party so enjoyed their camp, near present-day
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2354:(3). Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art; Museum of Northern Arizona.
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Both the Baley and Hedgpeth companies also brought small libraries with them.
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Two Hualapai mothers with children on their backs, Hackbury, Arizona, c. 1900
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Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859
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Because Beale's Wagon Road crossed territory that consisted mainly of the
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Disaster at the Colorado: Beale's Wagon Road and the First Emigrant Party
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Disaster at the Colorado: Beale's Wagon Road and the First Emigrant Party
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attached, which the Rose-Baley Party assumed had come from the Bentners.
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on June 23 and prepared for the journey to the Colorado River by way of
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625:, on July 16, and although the river was brackish and underscored with
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204:, California. The wagon road began at Fort Smith and continued through
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Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848–1865
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led many, including the Rose–Baley Party, to avoid Utah by taking the
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Edward Fitzgerald Beale, a pioneer in the path of empire, 1822–1903
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there. They reached the Little Colorado at a spot near present-day
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Woodward, Arthur (January 1953). "Irataba: Chief of the Mohave".
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Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847
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According to Baley, the party was now entering the domain of the
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507:, as would most westbound emigrants. On July 5, they reached the
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The cattle on a thousand hills; Southern California, 1850–1870
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Baley notes that whereas most emigrants who traveled from the
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The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850–1880
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to the Colorado River, vital resources were in short supply.
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1966:
228:
became the first to traverse Beale's 35th parallel route to
1207:
598:, where they camped for the night and rested the next day.
471:, a distance of 600 miles (970 km), were the Zuni and
419:
people. Nonetheless, the Rose–Baley Party chose this path.
329:
283:
106:
180:
2255:
We are an Indian Nation: A History of the Hualapai People
1787:
1785:
1688:
1686:
1611:
1308:
1306:
878:
was killed by Comanches while taking the Cimarron Cutoff.
617:, and several members of the party gathered souvenirs of
1219:
36:
European American emigrants on their way to California,
1942:
1746:
1698:
1390:
1267:
1120:
1083:
1081:
2018:
1990:
1978:
1918:
1867:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1782:
1770:
1710:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1563:
1539:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1438:
1414:
1354:
1330:
1318:
1303:
1231:
1183:
1159:
1149:
1147:
945:
943:
344:
The Rose company left Iowa in April; they traveled to
1954:
1132:
1110:
1108:
1051:
1027:
784:
near the location of the battle at Beale's Crossing.
450:
I regard the establishment of a military post on the
192:
was tasked with establishing a trade route along the
1291:
1078:
1039:
967:
1930:
1906:
1894:
1824:
1797:
1758:
1734:
1722:
1623:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1551:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1462:
1426:
1402:
1378:
1366:
1342:
1255:
1243:
1195:
1144:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
940:
2305:
1279:
1171:
1105:
1093:
438:at the time, making recommendations to members of
2382:
2329:Rock-Art of the Southwest: A Visitor's Companion
566:The San Francisco Peaks viewed from atop nearby
530:An illustration of Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico, 1850
741:Two Mohave men next to the Colorado River, 1871
2173:
1972:
348:, then named Westport, which they reached via
613:. In between was an area that is now home to
224:During the summer of 1858, a large emigrant
2326:
2243:Reprint of Rose's letter published in the
1396:
2391:History of the Southwestern United States
2126:
2345:
2252:
2154:
2012:
1984:
1845:
1033:
891:, who marked the rock on April 16, 1605.
736:
683:
647:
600:
561:
525:
486:
328:
257:A "prairie schooner" covered wagon, 1909
252:
179:
175:
31:
27:Emigrant wagon train going to California
2274:Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography: A–F
2194:
1009:
803: —Udell's journal, August 31, 1858
14:
2383:
2365:. University of North Carolina Press.
2358:
2271:
2108:
2089:
2080:
1960:
1948:
1885:
1225:
1126:
1057:
997:
985:
188:In October 1857, an expedition led by
148:(2002), little has been written about
2303:
2290:
2213:
2174:Kroeber, A.L.; Kroeber, C.B. (1973).
2135:
2068:
2040:
2024:
2008:
1996:
1936:
1924:
1900:
1873:
1861:
1833:
1818:
1791:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1692:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1138:
1114:
1099:
1087:
1072:
1045:
1021:
973:
961:
949:
551:
2234:
2220:. North American Book Distributors.
2217:Indians of Arizona: Past and Present
2177:A Mohave War Reminiscence, 1854–1880
2140:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1912:
1857:
1806:
1704:
515:; two days later they traversed the
313:, Gillum Baley, and comprised eight
232:country. A wealthy businessman from
101:cattle. He also acquired four large
85:In 1858, a wealthy businessman from
395:until it split into two paths near
293:, which admitted Nebraska into the
24:
517:Continental Divide of the Americas
25:
2432:
2421:San Bernardino County, California
2327:Welsh, Liz; Welsh, Peter (2000).
2069:Beale, Edward Fitzgerald (1858).
712:
2312:. University of Nebraska Press.
2276:. University of Nebraska Press.
2111:"The Story of An Emigrant Train"
758:
746:28, Rose had reached a patch of
579:, where it was scarce. From the
333:A classic image of the American
2406:First Nations history in Canada
2304:Utley, Robert Marshall (1981).
2257:. University of Arizona Press.
2033:
2002:
1879:
1851:
916:
907:
894:
881:
868:
858:
849:
836:
643:Walnut Canyon National Monument
819:
727:expedition party to the region
615:Petrified Forest National Park
157:to make the Rose–Baley Party.
13:
1:
2253:Shepherd, Jeffrey P. (2010).
2195:Lutzick, Ann-Mary J. (2013).
2083:The San Bernardino County Sun
934:
475:pueblos. According to Baley,
379:, in 1858 concerns about the
37:
2411:1858 in New Mexico Territory
2297:The University of California
1890:. Ballena Press. p. 96.
1075:, pp. 24, 28–37, 39–40.
964:, pp. viii, 5–7, 15–16.
874:In 1831, famed mountain man
787:
219:
7:
2416:Lower Colorado River Valley
2049:Utah State University Press
699:Plains Indian Sign Language
139:
10:
2437:
2396:History of the Great Basin
2359:Zappia, Natale A. (2014).
2197:Winslow: Images of America
2159:. MBI Publishing Company.
2041:Baley, Charles W. (2002).
1973:Kroeber & Kroeber 1973
555:
521:El Morro National Monument
469:San Bernardino, California
403:before the paths met near
324:
2214:Ricky, Donald B. (1999).
2157:The Route 66 Encyclopedia
2090:Bonsal, Stephen (1912) .
1886:Sherer, Loraine (1994).
812:
652:Humphreys Peak in winter
422:The wagon train reached
369:Midwestern United States
2272:Thrapp, Dan L. (1991).
2136:Groom, Winston (2011).
2128:10.17077/0003-4827.4029
2096:. G. P. Putnam's sons.
2063:Free Download Full Text
428:Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico
424:Albuquerque, New Mexico
190:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
134:Albuquerque, New Mexico
72:Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico
68:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
2199:. Arcadia Publishing.
2180:. Dover Publications.
2155:Hinckley, Jim (2012).
1397:Welsh & Welsh 2000
1216:, pp. 1–3, 14–15.
800:
742:
689:
653:
606:
571:
570:, elevation 9,301 feet
531:
492:
457:
341:
282:, each required three
258:
251:
206:Fort Defiance, Arizona
185:
43:
2249:on November 29, 1859.
2109:Cheney, J.W. (1915).
796:
740:
687:
651:
611:Little Colorado River
604:
565:
556:Further information:
529:
490:
448:
405:Las Vegas, New Mexico
346:Kansas City, Missouri
332:
321:to tend their stock.
256:
246:
183:
176:E.F. Beale expedition
35:
2331:. Wilderness Press.
2291:Udell, John (1946).
1620:, pp. 33–4, 35.
389:New Mexico Territory
208:before crossing the
2246:Missouri Republican
1707:, pp. 307–308.
732:Needles, California
581:San Francisco Peaks
432:Benjamin Bonneville
291:Kansas-Nebraska Act
214:Needles, California
166:Missouri Republican
130:Needles, California
80:Needles, California
2115:The Annals of Iowa
1755:, pp. 56, 58.
1276:, pp. 31, 34.
1228:, pp. 84, 97.
743:
723:Lorenzo Sitgreaves
690:
658:Flagstaff, Arizona
654:
607:
572:
558:Beale's Wagon Road
552:Beale's Wagon Road
532:
511:, a branch of the
493:
342:
337:, as portrayed by
259:
186:
150:Beale's Wagon Road
64:Beale's Wagon Road
44:
2027:, pp. 74–76.
1999:, pp. 72–74.
1927:, pp. 5, 71.
1876:, pp. 70–71.
1821:, pp. 67–69.
1794:, pp. 63–64.
1779:, pp. 61–62.
1719:, pp. 51–53.
1695:, pp. 50–51.
1680:, pp. 38–39.
1668:, pp. 37–38.
1656:, pp. 36–37.
1644:, pp. 35–36.
1572:, pp. 32–33.
1548:, pp. 43–44.
1488:, pp. 26–27.
1459:, pp. 25–26.
1447:, pp. 40–41.
1423:, pp. 38–40.
1363:, pp. 35–36.
1339:, pp. 31–33.
1327:, pp. 30–34.
1315:, pp. 29–30.
1240:, pp. 13–14.
1192:, pp. 5, 15.
1168:, pp. 11–12.
1129:, pp. 83–84.
778:Alfred L. Kroeber
623:Holbrook, Arizona
212:near present-day
155:Leonard John Rose
128:near present-day
91:Leonard John Rose
78:near present-day
66:, established by
52:European American
16:(Redirected from
2428:
2376:
2355:
2342:
2323:
2311:
2300:
2287:
2268:
2242:
2231:
2210:
2191:
2170:
2151:
2132:
2130:
2105:
2086:
2077:
2065:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:, p. 82–84.
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1141:, pp. 8–11.
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
928:
920:
914:
911:
905:
898:
892:
885:
879:
872:
866:
862:
856:
853:
847:
840:
834:
823:
804:
748:cottonwood trees
639:Winslow, Arizona
588:Colorado Plateau
505:Independence Day
491:El Morro in 1873
483:
462:
436:Washington, D.C.
397:Cimarron, Kansas
276:prairie schooner
58:to traverse the
48:Rose–Baley Party
42:
39:
21:
18:Rose-Baley Party
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2339:
2320:
2284:
2265:
2228:
2207:
2188:
2167:
2148:
2059:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1888:Bitterness Road
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:, p. 312;
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1300:, pp. 1–3.
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:, pp. 2–3.
1086:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
984:
980:
976:, p. viii.
972:
968:
960:
956:
948:
941:
937:
932:
931:
921:
917:
912:
908:
899:
895:
886:
882:
873:
869:
863:
859:
854:
850:
841:
837:
824:
820:
815:
806:
802:
790:
761:
719:Black Mountains
715:
560:
554:
513:Rocky Mountains
481:
460:
409:Cimarron Cutoff
401:Cimarron Desert
327:
242:The Californian
234:Keosauqua, Iowa
222:
178:
142:
87:Keosauqua, Iowa
62:route known as
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2378:
2377:
2372:978-1469615851
2371:
2356:
2343:
2338:978-0899976006
2337:
2324:
2319:978-0803295506
2318:
2301:
2299:. N.A. Kovach.
2288:
2283:978-0803294189
2282:
2269:
2264:978-0816529049
2263:
2250:
2232:
2227:978-0403098637
2226:
2211:
2206:978-0738596525
2205:
2192:
2187:978-0486281636
2186:
2171:
2166:978-1610586887
2165:
2152:
2147:978-0307701411
2146:
2133:
2106:
2087:
2078:
2066:
2058:978-0874214376
2057:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1963:, p. 129.
1953:
1941:
1929:
1917:
1915:, p. 313.
1905:
1893:
1878:
1866:
1850:
1838:
1823:
1811:
1809:, p. 312.
1796:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1104:
1092:
1077:
1062:
1060:, p. 213.
1050:
1048:, p. 164.
1038:
1026:
1024:, p. 100.
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
954:
952:, p. vii.
938:
936:
933:
930:
929:
915:
906:
893:
880:
876:Jedediah Smith
867:
857:
848:
835:
817:
816:
814:
811:
795:
789:
786:
760:
757:
714:
713:Colorado River
711:
662:Humphreys Peak
619:petrified wood
596:Navajo Springs
553:
550:
509:Zuni Mountains
452:Colorado River
444:War Department
393:Arkansas River
385:Santa Fe Trail
358:Durham, Kansas
354:Missouri River
326:
323:
311:Black Hawk War
280:covered wagons
221:
218:
210:Colorado River
200:, Arkansas to
177:
174:
141:
138:
126:Colorado River
111:Black Hawk War
103:covered wagons
76:Colorado River
50:was the first
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2433:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2013:Woodward 1953
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1987:, p. 31.
1986:
1985:Shepherd 2010
1981:
1975:, p. 53.
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1939:, p. 67.
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1903:, p. 46.
1902:
1897:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1848:, p. 69.
1847:
1846:Woodward 1953
1842:
1836:, p. 45.
1835:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1767:, p. 61.
1766:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1743:, p. 59.
1742:
1737:
1731:, p. 56.
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1632:, p. 47.
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1608:, p. 46.
1607:
1602:
1596:, p. 33.
1595:
1590:
1584:, p. 45.
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1560:, p. 44.
1559:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1536:, p. 43.
1535:
1530:
1524:, p. 42.
1523:
1518:
1512:, p. 28.
1511:
1506:
1500:, p. 27.
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1476:, p. 41.
1475:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1435:, p. 29.
1434:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1411:, p. 24.
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1387:, p. 37.
1386:
1381:
1375:, p. 23.
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1351:, p. 20.
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1264:, p. 18.
1263:
1258:
1252:, p. 66.
1251:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1204:, p. 15.
1203:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1156:, p. 11.
1155:
1150:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1036:, p. 32.
1035:
1034:Hinckley 2012
1030:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1000:, p. 76.
999:
994:
988:, p. 43.
987:
982:
975:
970:
963:
958:
951:
946:
944:
939:
926:
919:
910:
903:
902:Navajo people
897:
890:
889:Juan de Oñate
884:
877:
871:
861:
852:
845:
839:
832:
831:Interstate 40
829:, and later,
828:
827:U.S. Route 66
822:
818:
810:
805:
799:
794:
785:
783:
779:
773:
770:
766:
759:Mohave attack
756:
752:
749:
739:
735:
733:
728:
725:, who led an
724:
720:
710:
708:
707:Peach Springs
702:
700:
696:
686:
682:
678:
675:
669:
665:
663:
659:
650:
646:
644:
640:
634:
632:
631:Canyon Diablo
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
603:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
569:
564:
559:
549:
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543:
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522:
518:
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510:
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502:
498:
489:
485:
478:
474:
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466:
456:
453:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
340:
336:
331:
322:
320:
316:
315:Murphy wagons
312:
308:
307:Panic of 1857
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
269:and a Morgan
268:
265:
255:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:35th parallel
191:
182:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
151:
147:
137:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:35th parallel
57:
53:
49:
34:
30:
19:
2361:
2351:
2347:
2328:
2307:
2296:
2273:
2254:
2244:
2237:
2216:
2196:
2176:
2156:
2137:
2121:(2): 82–97.
2118:
2114:
2092:
2082:
2071:
2062:
2043:
2034:Bibliography
2020:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1887:
1881:
1869:
1864:, p. 45
1853:
1841:
1814:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1399:, p. 3.
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1293:
1288:, p. 3.
1281:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1180:, p. 5.
1173:
1161:
1134:
1122:
1117:, p. 4.
1102:, p. 3.
1095:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1012:, p. 8.
1010:Lutzick 2013
1005:
993:
981:
969:
957:
918:
909:
896:
883:
870:
860:
851:
838:
821:
807:
801:
797:
791:
774:
762:
753:
744:
716:
703:
691:
679:
670:
666:
655:
635:
608:
585:
576:
573:
546:mountain men
540:people with
533:
494:
484:in advance.
458:
449:
421:
377:Oregon Trail
366:
343:
339:C.M. Russell
303:anti-slavery
288:
260:
247:
241:
223:
187:
169:
165:
159:
145:
143:
123:
115:Gillum Baley
84:
47:
45:
29:
1961:Zappia 2014
1949:Sherer 1994
1226:Cheney 1915
1127:Cheney 1915
1058:Bonsal 1912
998:Thrapp 1991
986:Belden 1951
844:Mojave Road
782:Fort Mohave
568:Mount Elden
465:Albuquerque
461:US$ 100,000
352:across the
319:grubstakers
299:pro-slavery
226:wagon train
202:Los Angeles
56:wagon train
41: 1859
2385:Categories
2025:Baley 2002
2009:Baley 2002
1997:Baley 2002
1937:Baley 2002
1925:Baley 2002
1901:Udell 1946
1874:Baley 2002
1862:Udell 1946
1834:Udell 1946
1819:Baley 2002
1792:Baley 2002
1777:Baley 2002
1765:Baley 2002
1753:Baley 2002
1741:Baley 2002
1729:Baley 2002
1717:Baley 2002
1693:Baley 2002
1678:Udell 1946
1666:Udell 1946
1654:Udell 1946
1642:Udell 1946
1630:Baley 2002
1618:Udell 1946
1606:Baley 2002
1594:Udell 1946
1582:Baley 2002
1570:Udell 1946
1558:Baley 2002
1546:Baley 2002
1534:Baley 2002
1522:Baley 2002
1510:Udell 1946
1498:Udell 1946
1486:Udell 1946
1474:Baley 2002
1457:Udell 1946
1445:Baley 2002
1433:Baley 2002
1421:Baley 2002
1409:Udell 1946
1385:Baley 2002
1373:Udell 1946
1361:Baley 2002
1349:Udell 1946
1337:Baley 2002
1325:Baley 2002
1313:Baley 2002
1298:Beale 1858
1286:Beale 1858
1274:Baley 2002
1262:Udell 1946
1250:Groom 2011
1238:Baley 2002
1214:Baley 2002
1202:Baley 2002
1190:Baley 2002
1178:Baley 2002
1166:Baley 2002
1154:Baley 2002
1139:Baley 2002
1115:Baley 2002
1100:Baley 2002
1088:Baley 2002
1073:Baley 2002
1046:Utley 1981
1022:Ricky 1999
974:Baley 2002
962:Baley 2002
950:Baley 2002
935:References
769:war whoops
765:Sallie Fox
497:Rio Grande
381:Mormon War
373:West Coast
238:Rottenburg
198:Fort Smith
184:E.F. Beale
162:John Udell
119:John Udell
105:and three
2047:. Logan:
1913:Rose 1941
1858:Rose 1941
1807:Rose 1941
1705:Rose 1941
788:Aftermath
627:quicksand
477:U.S. Army
375:took the
362:unbranded
350:steamboat
220:Formation
54:emigrant
865:company.
695:Hualapai
592:brackish
577:jornadas
542:albinism
537:cornmeal
442:and the
440:Congress
413:Comanche
364:cattle.
271:stallion
140:Sourcing
95:purebred
2348:Plateau
482:US$ 500
371:to the
325:Journey
267:fillies
249:plenty.
74:to the
70:, from
2401:Mohave
2369:
2335:
2316:
2280:
2261:
2224:
2203:
2184:
2163:
2144:
2102:706481
2100:
2055:
925:scalps
473:Laguna
407:. The
335:cowboy
278:style
264:Morgan
230:Mohave
99:Durham
813:Notes
674:casks
501:ferry
499:on a
417:Kiowa
295:Union
284:yokes
196:from
2367:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2182:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2098:OCLC
2053:ISBN
842:The
467:and
415:and
301:and
107:yoke
97:red
46:The
2123:doi
2073:doc
387:to
2387::
2352:25
2350:.
2295:.
2119:12
2117:.
2113:.
2061:.
2051:.
1826:^
1799:^
1784:^
1685:^
1464:^
1305:^
1146:^
1107:^
1080:^
1065:^
942:^
734:.
633:.
446::
172:.
113:,
89:,
82:.
38:c.
2375:.
2341:.
2322:.
2286:.
2267:.
2230:.
2209:.
2190:.
2169:.
2150:.
2131:.
2125::
2104:.
2085:.
833:.
20:)
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