698:. The animals were led back by twenty-five Natives hoping for compensation in return, as Udell explained: "It was soon evident that they expected very extravagant rewards, all expecting shoes, clothing, and trinkets, besides some cattle ... many remained in camp with us that night, doubtless for the purpose of stealing, but the guard kept so sharp a lookout that they found no opportunity." On August 20, the party awoke to another fifty Hualapai anticipating gifts in exchange for the return of the stolen animals. The Natives left around noon, after receiving tobacco, trinkets, and food, but the emigrants noticed that six oxen were missing. A search team located four carcasses that had been stripped of their flesh; the other two animals were found nearby, having been recently killed, but not yet butchered. That night, the Rose–Baley Party decided to once again split their wagon train in response to the scarcity of water. According to Baley, as they journeyed from their campsite at Peach Springs to the Colorado River more than 100 miles (160 km) away, they were almost continuously harassed by Natives, who sent arrows flying into their wagon train during the day and raided their camp at night.
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travel without water, and several members of the party were opposed to proceeding any further west until another source had been found. Udell disagreed, "I contended that we had better travel on, for, with careful and proper treatment, we could get the stock through to water, and if we remain here until the rainy season, in all human probability our provisions would be exhausted, and we should parish with starvation." Despite his pleas, nobody wanted to go on until they had located potable water, so six men agreed to undertake a search in hopes that
Savedra had overlooked a closer source. Two days later, a man returned to camp and reported that a spring had been found 15 miles (24 km) west, but its supply was so sparse that it could not meet the needs of the entire wagon train at once. After a thorough debate it was decided that, despite stern warnings from Army officers in Albuquerque against splitting into smaller groups, the best course of action was to divide the train in two and water their stock separately.
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reached their last known source of water, and
Savedra informed them that there was not another for 60 miles (97 km). Because that was too long for their animals to travel without water, the party decided to backtrack approximately 26 miles (42 km) to the location of the last reliable supply at Cataract Creek. Udell again protested to no avail, recording in his journal that night: "Had there been a road that I could have traveled without a guide, I should have gone on and risked the consequences." Having trekked 52 miles (84 km) without clean water, the party's stock had grown extremely thirsty. The supply at Cataract Canyon was limited, and it contained what Udell called "wigglers"; however, they had no choice but to drink from, and allow their animals to drink from, the less than ideal source. By August 9, the Rose–Baley Party had begun to lose confidence in Savedra's ability to find water, and had been forced to do their own scouting for the precious resource. They had taken to building
205:. The location where Beale crossed the river, en route to California, became known as Beale's Crossing. Beale described the route, "It is the shortest from our western frontier by 300 miles (480 km), being nearly directly west. It is the most level: our wagons only double-teaming once in the entire distance, and that at a short hill, and over a surface heretofore unbroken by wheels or trail on any kind. It is well-watered: our greatest distance without water at any time being 20 miles (32 km). It is well-timbered, and in many places the growth is far beyond that of any part of the world I have ever seen. It is temperate in climate, passing for the most part over an elevated region. It is salubrious: not one of our party requiring the slightest medical attendance from the time of our leaving to our arrival ... It crosses the great desert (which must be crossed by any road to California) at its narrowest point."
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oxen were returned to the wagons. Rose and his wife, Amanda, decided to scout the river bank for a suitable campsite, exiting their wagon to make the journey by foot. Moments later, an aggressive Mohave placed his hand on her shoulder and bosom, and she ran back, terrified, to the relative safety of their wagon. Rose, not wanting to incite the Mohave, ignored the incident and continued to the river. Other Mohave harassed Alpha Brown's family, briefly threatening to take his wife's dress and abduct their son. That danger was averted, but many Mohave set about driving off and slaughtering several of the party's cattle before leaving the emigrants alone at their encampment, some two hundred yards from the river and 10 miles (16 km) away from the Baley company's mountain camp.
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a defense, the women ran with their children to the covered wagons. Both Udell and Rose stated that the fighting lasted for approximately two hours. Baley explains that when a Mohave chief who appeared to be leading the attack stepped out in front of his warriors and taunted the emigrants, Gillum Baley, a veteran of the Black Hawk War and a noted marksman, took him down with a single rifle shot. The Mohave warriors then retrieved the chief's body and retreated from the battle. Later historians have questioned whether
Mojaves were fully responsible for the attack, and if Hualapais had also taken part in the attack, following the account of Lieutenant Colonel William Hoffman.
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a combination of broken
English and Spanish, how many people their wagon train included and whether they intended to permanently settle near the Colorado River. The Mohave, who appeared friendly and had brought with them corn and melons, which they sold to the emigrants, were promised that the wagon train planned to travel through the region en route to their intended destination in Southern California. This seemed to appease the Natives, many of whom helped the party during their descent down the western slope of the Black Mountains to the Colorado River below. The emigrants were now entering Mohave country, near present-day
653:, which at 12,633 ft (3,851 m) is the highest point in Arizona. While climbing the mountain, they came across a large snowfield and were surprised to see snow and ice in late July. Before their descent, they entertained themselves by pushing a massive boulder down the mountainside. Up to this point, the emigrants had enjoyed a primitive but decent road, good small game hunting, and a consistent supply of water, grass, and wood. They had experienced what Baley described as "beautiful and interesting" scenery and encountered only friendly Native Americans; however, a drastic change in these conditions was imminent.
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found an acceptable source 40 miles (64 km) distant and another 80 miles (130 km) away. The emigrants spent the next morning filling casks and preparing for travel; they left late that afternoon, and after having trekked continuously for nearly twenty-four hours arrived at
Partridge Creek the next day. That night a thunderstorm filled the creek with rainwater, further easing their concerns; however, after traveling 20 miles (32 km) the following day, they realized that the recent rainfalls has not reached that far, forcing them to make a dry camp on August 17.
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closer, they unanimously decided to backtrack the nearly 500 miles (800 km) to
Albuquerque. Because they were dangerously low on supplies, their successful return to Albuquerque was partly contingent upon finding assistance from west-bound emigrants. Before beginning the return trip, they wrapped Alpha Brown's body in chains and committed it to the Colorado River. With only one remaining wagon and the ambulance, they decided which items they could carry and which they should abandon. Those who were able rode horses, and the rest walked.
634:. They immediately packed up their camp and left, as they were becoming accustomed to evening and night travel, which allowed them to refrain from exertion during the peak heat of the day. They covered 20 miles (32 km) on July 25 before stopping near a spring in the pine-covered foothills of Arizona's tallest mountains, the San Francisco Peaks, which can be seen for 100 miles (160 km) in most directions. The range's cool forests gave them a much-needed respite from the intense heat and aridity of the high plains desert.
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frightened children. By 10 p.m. the party began to hear war whoops and the clanging of pots and pans coming from the direction of the
Colorado River. Baley suggests that the Mohave had returned to "finish them off", but after finding a large cache of supplies celebrated their windfall, which included Rose's eight-dollar-a-bottle brandy. In Baley's opinion, the newfound spoils were likely the only reason the Mohave did not follow the fleeing wagon train, now en route to rendezvous with the Baley company at their mountain camp.
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would occur, and that they could cross the
Colorado as they pleased. About one hour later, another chief and several warriors approached the camp; after receiving gifts, they also left without incident. According to Rose, upon hearing of the emigrants plans the chief gave them, "a very searching look, as if not half believing it". By noon, the party had moved their camp still closer to where they planned to cross, about a mile downriver near a patch of cottonwood trees that were suitable for building rafts.
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419:, where, despite Udell's lone dissent, they would become the first emigrant train to venture onto Beale's Wagon Road. Udell, writing in his journal, explained his concern: "I thought it was preposterous to start on so long a journey with so many woman and helpless children, and so many dangers attending the attempt." According to Baley, the emigrants first learned of the recently surveyed road while visiting Albuquerque. Townspeople and army officers, including
153:, a 62-year-old Baptist minister who had left his home in Missouri with his wife, Emily, kept a daily record of the party's travels, recording the locations of their campsites and their estimated distance from Missouri, the weather and road conditions, and the availability of grass, water, and wood. Baley described Udell's journal as the "basic framework" of his research. The only other source of firsthand information is Rose, whose account was printed in the
579:'s rocky high desert, the next water available to the Rose–Baley Party was at a spot named Jacob's Well, located 36 miles (58 km) west of Zuni Pueblo and 32 miles (51 km) west of their July 10 campsite. Accordingly, Baley notes that the emigrants were careful to not get lost between watering holes. Udell recorded that, after traveling for more than half a day, they rested and watered their stock at the well, which produced
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children, were massacred while traveling unaccompanied from Baley's mountain camp to Rose's river camp. However subsequent investigations showed that the
Bentners had been attacked by a group of Hualapais, including seven renegade Mohave warriors. The emigrants killed approximately seventeen Mohave warriors. In the opinion of the cultural anthropologist
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were sent to find them. They tracked the animals to a deep canyon, where Native
Americans hiding in the rocks shot arrows at them. Savedra noticed the Natives watching the party from the nearby foothills the following day, and was able to draw them into camp using sign language. In Baley's opinion, the Natives were most likely
630:. Uncertain where the next source of clean water was, they decided to camp near the canyon, where they successfully hunted for game while searching for a fresh spring. By the late afternoon of July 24, Savedra returned to camp and reported that they had found water 17 miles (27 km) away at Walnut Creek, now part of
423:, encouraged them to take the new route, which was shorter than the established southern trails by 200 miles (320 km), or approximately 30 days travel. They were also told that there was a reliable supply of food and water along the way, and the area was free of hostile Native Americans. E.F. Beale was in
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According to Udell, eight members of the Rose-Baley party had been killed and thirteen wounded. Rose stated that of the train's livestock, only ten horses and seventeen cattle remained. Baley notes that in addition to the killing of Alpha Brown, all seven members of the Bentner family, including five
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about one mile from the river, where their oxen were unhitched and allowed to join the loose stock racing towards the water. There the emigrants encountered more Mohave, but unlike the friendly ones that greeted them at Sitgreaves Pass, these were rude and hostile. After a thorough watering, the work
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in 1851. From the crest they could see the Colorado River in the distance. Having traveled all night and worked continuously during the morning and afternoon, the Rose–Baley Party stopped to prepare their first meal of the day. Soon afterward, a small group of Mohave warriors approached and asked, in
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In Baley's opinion, Udell was right to be concerned about the road, and adds: "although Beale had taken a few wagons over the route, was little more than a survey trail marked only by faint wagon tracks, an occasional stone cairn, and perhaps a few axe blazes on trees." Portions of the road followed
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as they shot arrows into the camp, mortally wounding Rose's foreman, Alpha Brown. Udell described the attack as "like a shower" of arrows. According to Rose, "I have no doubt they expected to massacre us. But we were well armed and the men that were in camp ready to receive them." As the men mounted
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On August 13, Udell noted that the area received a substantial rainfall that marginally eased the Rose–Baley Party's concerns regarding the scarcity of water in the region. Later that evening, the men who had been searching for it during the last five days returned to camp and reported that they had
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According to Baley, on July 29 Savedra informed the Rose–Baley Party, now camped near Leroux Springs, that the next reliable drinking water was seventy or 80 miles (130 km) away, and there would not be a closer source until the coming rainy season. This distance exceeded what most animals could
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On August 18, after having traveled the last 85 miles (137 km) without reliable grass or water, the Rose–Baley Party located a field and a spring that were sufficient to satisfy their stock. That night, despite posting round-the-clock guards, a mare and a mule went missing, and three searchers
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On July 18, Udell recorded that spirits were high amongst the Rose–Baley Party: "Our large company continue to be harmonious, friendly, and kind to each other ... General good health prevails ... Travel today, 10 miles (16 km), and 1,112 from the Missouri River." The Rose–Baley Party
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At approximately 6 p.m., with the wounded in one wagon, the children in the ambulance, and the healthy adults on foot, the Rose company began the difficult journey back to Albuquerque, during which, according to the author Arthur Woodward, they observed a fiery comet that further upset the already
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By midnight, the Baley company had fallen behind the Rose company and decided to stop and make a mountain camp while Rose and others continued to the Colorado River, where they planned to water their combined stock and build a raft in preparation for the impending river crossing. By noon on August
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Udell recorded that on August 1, the Rose company ventured west without the Baley company, who waited one full day before starting out from Leroux Springs. In the meantime, the search party had located enough springs to sustain them for the next 50 miles (80 km). Several days later, the party
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When the battle had ended, and the Mohave retreated, the Rose company gathered to discuss their options. Being low on ammunition and manpower, the emigrants were not confident in their ability to hold off another attack. So, although San Bernardino, at about 170 miles (270 km) away was much
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The following morning, they moved their camp to the river bank to facilitate easier watering of their stock. They were visited around noon by twenty-five warriors and a Mohave sub-chief, who heard their complaints about the killing of their livestock and assured them that no further depredations
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and vegetables, as this was the last such opportunity to purchase supplies until San Bernardino, approximately 500 miles (800 km) away. According to Baley, this is most likely the first time the Zuni had encountered European women and children, and the first time the emigrants had ever seen
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officers stationed in Albuquerque insisted the emigrants hire Jose Manuel Savedra, a Mexican guide who had traveled with Beale during his initial survey of the route, and his interpreter, Petro. Unbeknownst to the group, Beale was unhappy with Savedra's scouting abilities, and had demoted him to
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as an indispensable necessity for the emigrant over this road; for although the Indians living in the rich meadow lands are agricultural, and consequently peaceable, they are very numerous, so much so that we counted 800 men around our camp on the second day after our arrival on the banks of the
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In 1858 some miners who had just returned from California so fired my imagination with descriptions of its glorious climate, wealth of flowers, and luscious fruits, that I was inspired with an irresistible desire to experience in person the delights to be found in the land of
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According to Baley, when the Bentner family wagon was located, the eldest daughter's naked body was found nearby; her face had been mutilated. The other Bentners were never found; however, Mohave warriors had taunted the emigrants near the river with a long pole with several
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To finance the venture, Rose sold the majority of his assets, and after paying off his debts was left with $ 30,000, then a considerable amount of money. These funds enabled him to finance an especially well-equipped wagon train that included twenty horses, including two
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According to J.W. Cheney, their decision to avoid Utah by taking a southern route added 500 mi (800 km) to the trip. Cheney wrote a story about the party in 1915, his material drew heavily from an account given to him by Edward Akey, a member of the Rose
537:, and Spanish missionaries. In Baley's opinion, the Rose–Baley Party had previously enjoyed the benefits of a primitive but well-established trail; however, at this point they became the first emigrant wagon train to venture onto the untested Beale's Wagon Road.
618:, the emigrants were able to secure drinkable water by digging holes in the riverbank that allowed sediment to settle until the water was clear enough for consumption. Next, they followed the river 85 miles (137 km) to a location that Baley identified as
508:, which, although 8,000 feet (2,400 m) to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) feet in elevation, was a relatively easy passage. Udell described the road as "smooth and fine, we traveled it in a day with our ox teams, and no hard labor." On July 7, they camped near
225:, Leonard John Rose, known as L.J. Rose, formed a company with his family of seven, his foreman, Alpha Brown, and his family, and seventeen grubstakers, workers who were not paid a salary, but given food and board in exchange for their labor. Rose was born in
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out of pine in hopes that they could gather enough in containers to last them until the next acceptable supply. Udell wrote, "Our water still holds out ... like the widow's cruse of oil, and tastes more pleasant, having been stirred up so often for us."
512:, then called Inscription Rock, and several members of the party, including Rose and Udell, carved their names into stone —a tradition dating back to 1605. Their inscriptions indicated that they were aware of being the first emigrants in the region.
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Wagon Road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado River: Letter from the Secretary of War, Transmitting the Report of the Superintendent of the Wagon Road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado River: Issue 124 of [U.S.] 35th Cong., 1st sess. House. Ex.
275:(i.e. six oxen) to pull each wagon. Three wagons were loaded with supplies, and the fourth was used by Alpha Brown and his family. Rose's family traveled in a small wagon that had once been used as an ambulance, which was pulled by a pair of mules.
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river. The temptation of scattered emigrant parties with their families, and the confusion of inexperienced teamsters, rafting so wide and rapid a river with their wagons and families, would offer too strong a temptation for the Indians to withstand.
492:. Three days later, as the last of their outfit crossed, one of Rose's men, Frank Emerdick, drowned in the river. Baley notes that they traveled for the next five days and, because there were no suitable campsites nearby, did not stop to celebrate
893:, who strongly disliked outsiders in their land. Nevertheless, the emigrants did not see any Navajo in the area, as they passed the warmer months of the year in higher country where they could find plentiful grass for their flocks of sheep.
690:). They admitted to having the group's missing animals, but insisted that the Mohave had stolen them. They repeatedly thumped their chest while uttering, "Hanna, Hanna", meaning "good" Native, insisting that the Mohave were "bad" Natives.
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because the negative experiences of the first wagon trains to attempt the passage effectively "discouraged its use". Baley's great-grandparents joined his great-great uncle in forming the company in 1858, which merged with one led by
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named Black Morrill; their combined value exceeded $ 3,000. He also purchased two hundred head of red Durham cattle, which he planned to resell in California for profit. To complete the train, Rose acquired four large ox-drawn
533:, which, although rare, was noticeably present in the Zuni population. They left Zuni Pueblo late that afternoon and entered unfamiliar territory that, until now, had only been traversed by Native Americans, explorers,
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According to Rose, Savedra knew that the Mohave rarely ventured this far from their homelands, so they assumed the Hualapai had taken the animals, which were returned the following morning as the party camped at
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On July 10, the Rose–Baley Party reached Zuni Pueblo, which according to Baley was then home to as many as 2,000 Native Americans. They spent several hours visiting and sightseeing, and the Zuni sold them
121:. Eight members of the party were killed, including five children, and thirteen wounded. The emigrants killed several of the attackers, and decided to backtrack more than 500 miles (800 km) to
278:
According to Baley, political and economic factors prompted two Hedgpeth and two Baley families to leave northwestern Missouri for California in early 1858. One factor was the enactment of the
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further contributed to instability in the region, driving many mid-westerners to seek a better life in California. The combined Baley-Hedgpeth outfits were led by a 44-year-old veteran of the
110:, a 62-year-old Baptist minister kept a daily journal of the party's travels, recording the locations of their campsites, documenting their progress, and noting the availability of resources.
82:, formed the party after hearing stories from gold miners returning from California. He subsequently financed a well-equipped wagon train that included twenty horses and two hundred head of
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Beale suggested that, in addition to a military fort, the route was also in immediate need of bridges and dams to ensure safe travel and provide a reliable water supply; he requested
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groups fueled conflict near the Missouri state line, affecting its western counties, including Nodaway, where the Baleys and Hedgpeths lived. In Baley's opinion, the financial
349:. In the interests of safety, the groups agreed to an informal merger; their combined outfits numbered 20 wagons, 40 men, 50 to 60 women and children, and nearly 500 head of
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of oxen to pull each wagon. The Rose company left Iowa in early April, and in mid-May they were joined by the Baley company, led by a forty-four-year-old veteran of the
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was 100 miles (160 km) shorter and easier to navigate with large wagons, but according to Baley it also led its travelers through the territory of the hostile
388:. The Mountain Branch continued into the mountains of southern Colorado, and the Cimarron Cutoff avoided mountains, but traversed the 50 mi (80 km)-wide
113:
On August 30, 1858, after having traveled more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km) in four months, the Rose–Baley Party were attacked as they prepared to cross the
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While camped near Canyon Diablo, several members of the Rose-Baley Party, including Gillum Baley and Amanda Rose, carved their names into Register Rock No. 4.
756:, screaming. She had been playing in a wagon when she noticed several Mohave nearby. Having lost the element of surprise, three hundred warriors then let out
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2282:"John Udell Journal, kept during a trip across the plains, containing account of the massacre of a portion of his party by the Mojave Indians in 1859"
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686:. They could speak a few words of Spanish and English, and Savedra was able to communicate with them using their dialect and sign language (likely
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According to Baley, at approximately 2 p.m. on August 30, 1858, the emigrants camped near the Colorado River heard Alpha Brown's step-daughter,
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as a free territory and granted Kansas the right to decide on the legality of slavery within the state. The resulting tensions between
106:. Their combined outfits numbered twenty wagons, forty men, fifty to sixty women and children, and nearly five hundred head of cattle.
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human and animal trails, and – although potable water was sporadically available – there were also long stretches called
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649:, they decided to devote a few extra days to recuperation and sightseeing, and several members of the wagon train climbed
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According to Udell's journal, after Navajo Springs the next available water was 40 miles (64 km) distant, at the
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2000:, pp. 72–74: the distance from the mountain camp to Albuquerque was approximately 500 miles (800 km);
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Belden, L. Burr (December 9, 1951). "History in the Making: Mohave Massacre of Wagon Train brings War, Fort".
2004:, p. 58: the Rose-Baley Party observed a fiery comet that further upset the already frightened children.
769:, "the event sealed the fate of the Mohave as an independent people." In 1859, the US military established
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According to Charles W. Baley, great-grand nephew of Baley company leader, Gillum Baley, and the author of
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345:. In mid-May, they were joined by the Baley company while resting at Cottonwood Creek, near present-day
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This day all who were left alive of Mr. Rose's party came into camp, bringing melancholy intelligence.
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The oldest inscription at El Morro National Monument is that of New Mexico's first Spanish governor,
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to fund the improvements. Further complicating the journey, the only pockets of civilization between
2230:. Huntington Library Publications. San Marino, California: The Huntington Library. pp. 306–315.
233:, he identified what motivated him to leave Iowa, where he had built several successful businesses:
380:, where a viable southern route could then be taken to California. The Santa Fe Trail followed the
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229:, Germany in 1827; at the age of eight, he immigrated to the United States. In 1892, writing in
710:. They made their crossing at Sitgreaves Pass, elevation 3,652 feet and named after Lieutenant
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Udell recorded that in the late afternoon of August 27, 1858, the Rose–Baley Party reached the
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Udell recorded that the Rose–Baley Party left Albuquerque on June 26 and began crossing the
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stretches from where Beale's Wagon Road meets the Colorado River to southern California.
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Baley's account drew heavily from the only known journal kept by a member of the group.
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Rose, Leonard John (1941). "Massacre on the Colorado". In Cleland, Robert Glass (ed.).
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diverged from the Little Colorado River where it meets Canyon Diablo, near present-day
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but acceptable water. Later that evening, they trekked another 8 miles (13 km) to
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helping with the animals in the pack train. The Rose–Baley Party paid Savedra's fee of
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Painted desert and petrified logs seen from Blue Mesa, Petrified Forest National Park
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306:, 62 oxen, 75 head of cattle, and several riding horses. They employed half-a-dozen
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2065:. [U.S.] 35th Cong., 1st sess. House. Ex. Doc.no. 124. Harvard University.
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in 1859, and later reprinted as an appendix in Dr. Robert Glass Cleland's work,
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Beale's Wagon Road would eventually be supplanted first by the railroad, then
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Baley notes that the Rose–Baley Party so enjoyed their camp, near present-day
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2343:(3). Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art; Museum of Northern Arizona.
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Both the Baley and Hedgpeth companies also brought small libraries with them.
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Two Hualapai mothers with children on their backs, Hackbury, Arizona, c. 1900
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Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859
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Because Beale's Wagon Road crossed territory that consisted mainly of the
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Disaster at the Colorado: Beale's Wagon Road and the First Emigrant Party
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Disaster at the Colorado: Beale's Wagon Road and the First Emigrant Party
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attached, which the Rose-Baley Party assumed had come from the Bentners.
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on June 23 and prepared for the journey to the Colorado River by way of
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614:, on July 16, and although the river was brackish and underscored with
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193:, California. The wagon road began at Fort Smith and continued through
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Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848–1865
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led many, including the Rose–Baley Party, to avoid Utah by taking the
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Edward Fitzgerald Beale, a pioneer in the path of empire, 1822–1903
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there. They reached the Little Colorado at a spot near present-day
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Woodward, Arthur (January 1953). "Irataba: Chief of the Mohave".
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Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847
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According to Baley, the party was now entering the domain of the
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496:, as would most westbound emigrants. On July 5, they reached the
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The cattle on a thousand hills; Southern California, 1850–1870
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Baley notes that whereas most emigrants who traveled from the
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The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850–1880
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to the Colorado River, vital resources were in short supply.
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405:
255:
1955:
217:
became the first to traverse Beale's 35th parallel route to
1196:
587:, where they camped for the night and rested the next day.
460:, a distance of 600 miles (970 km), were the Zuni and
408:
people. Nonetheless, the Rose–Baley Party chose this path.
318:
272:
95:
169:
2244:
We are an Indian Nation: A History of the Hualapai People
1776:
1774:
1677:
1675:
1600:
1297:
1295:
867:
was killed by Comanches while taking the Cimarron Cutoff.
606:, and several members of the party gathered souvenirs of
1208:
25:
European American emigrants on their way to California,
1931:
1735:
1687:
1379:
1256:
1109:
1072:
1070:
2007:
1979:
1967:
1907:
1856:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1771:
1759:
1699:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1552:
1528:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1427:
1403:
1343:
1319:
1307:
1292:
1220:
1172:
1148:
1138:
1136:
934:
932:
333:
The Rose company left Iowa in April; they traveled to
1943:
1121:
1099:
1097:
1040:
1016:
773:
near the location of the battle at Beale's Crossing.
439:
I regard the establishment of a military post on the
181:
was tasked with establishing a trade route along the
1280:
1067:
1028:
956:
1919:
1895:
1883:
1813:
1786:
1747:
1723:
1711:
1612:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1540:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1451:
1415:
1391:
1367:
1355:
1331:
1244:
1232:
1184:
1133:
1004:
992:
980:
968:
929:
2294:
1268:
1160:
1094:
1082:
427:at the time, making recommendations to members of
2371:
2318:Rock-Art of the Southwest: A Visitor's Companion
555:The San Francisco Peaks viewed from atop nearby
519:An illustration of Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico, 1850
730:Two Mohave men next to the Colorado River, 1871
2162:
1961:
337:, then named Westport, which they reached via
602:. In between was an area that is now home to
213:During the summer of 1858, a large emigrant
2315:
2232:Reprint of Rose's letter published in the
1385:
2380:History of the Southwestern United States
2115:
2334:
2241:
2143:
2001:
1973:
1834:
1022:
880:, who marked the rock on April 16, 1605.
725:
672:
636:
589:
550:
514:
475:
317:
246:A "prairie schooner" covered wagon, 1909
241:
168:
164:
20:
16:Emigrant wagon train going to California
2263:Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography: A–F
2183:
998:
792: —Udell's journal, August 31, 1858
2372:
2354:. University of North Carolina Press.
2347:
2260:
2097:
2078:
2069:
1949:
1937:
1874:
1214:
1115:
1046:
986:
974:
177:In October 1857, an expedition led by
137:(2002), little has been written about
2292:
2279:
2202:
2163:Kroeber, A.L.; Kroeber, C.B. (1973).
2124:
2057:
2029:
2013:
1997:
1985:
1925:
1913:
1889:
1862:
1850:
1822:
1807:
1780:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1681:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1127:
1103:
1088:
1076:
1061:
1034:
1010:
962:
950:
938:
540:
2223:
2209:. North American Book Distributors.
2206:Indians of Arizona: Past and Present
2166:A Mohave War Reminiscence, 1854–1880
2129:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1901:
1846:
1795:
1693:
504:; two days later they traversed the
302:, Gillum Baley, and comprised eight
221:country. A wealthy businessman from
90:cattle. He also acquired four large
74:In 1858, a wealthy businessman from
384:until it split into two paths near
282:, which admitted Nebraska into the
13:
506:Continental Divide of the Americas
14:
2421:
2410:San Bernardino County, California
2316:Welsh, Liz; Welsh, Peter (2000).
2058:Beale, Edward Fitzgerald (1858).
701:
2301:. University of Nebraska Press.
2265:. University of Nebraska Press.
2100:"The Story of An Emigrant Train"
747:
735:28, Rose had reached a patch of
568:, where it was scarce. From the
322:A classic image of the American
2395:First Nations history in Canada
2293:Utley, Robert Marshall (1981).
2246:. University of Arizona Press.
2022:
1991:
1868:
1840:
905:
896:
883:
870:
857:
847:
838:
825:
632:Walnut Canyon National Monument
808:
716:expedition party to the region
604:Petrified Forest National Park
146:to make the Rose–Baley Party.
1:
2242:Shepherd, Jeffrey P. (2010).
2184:Lutzick, Ann-Mary J. (2013).
2072:The San Bernardino County Sun
923:
464:pueblos. According to Baley,
368:, in 1858 concerns about the
26:
2400:1858 in New Mexico Territory
2286:The University of California
1879:. Ballena Press. p. 96.
1064:, pp. 24, 28–37, 39–40.
953:, pp. viii, 5–7, 15–16.
863:In 1831, famed mountain man
776:
208:
7:
2405:Lower Colorado River Valley
2038:Utah State University Press
688:Plains Indian Sign Language
128:
10:
2426:
2385:History of the Great Basin
2348:Zappia, Natale A. (2014).
2186:Winslow: Images of America
2148:. MBI Publishing Company.
2030:Baley, Charles W. (2002).
1962:Kroeber & Kroeber 1973
544:
510:El Morro National Monument
458:San Bernardino, California
392:before the paths met near
313:
2203:Ricky, Donald B. (1999).
2146:The Route 66 Encyclopedia
2079:Bonsal, Stephen (1912) .
1875:Sherer, Loraine (1994).
801:
641:Humphreys Peak in winter
411:The wagon train reached
358:Midwestern United States
2261:Thrapp, Dan L. (1991).
2125:Groom, Winston (2011).
2117:10.17077/0003-4827.4029
2085:. G. P. Putnam's sons.
2052:Free Download Full Text
417:Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico
413:Albuquerque, New Mexico
179:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
123:Albuquerque, New Mexico
61:Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico
57:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
2188:. Arcadia Publishing.
2169:. Dover Publications.
2144:Hinckley, Jim (2012).
1386:Welsh & Welsh 2000
1205:, pp. 1–3, 14–15.
789:
731:
678:
642:
595:
560:
559:, elevation 9,301 feet
520:
481:
446:
330:
271:, each required three
247:
240:
195:Fort Defiance, Arizona
174:
32:
2238:on November 29, 1859.
2098:Cheney, J.W. (1915).
785:
729:
676:
640:
600:Little Colorado River
593:
554:
545:Further information:
518:
479:
437:
394:Las Vegas, New Mexico
335:Kansas City, Missouri
321:
310:to tend their stock.
245:
235:
172:
165:E.F. Beale expedition
24:
2320:. Wilderness Press.
2280:Udell, John (1946).
1609:, pp. 33–4, 35.
378:New Mexico Territory
197:before crossing the
2235:Missouri Republican
1696:, pp. 307–308.
721:Needles, California
570:San Francisco Peaks
421:Benjamin Bonneville
280:Kansas-Nebraska Act
203:Needles, California
155:Missouri Republican
119:Needles, California
69:Needles, California
2104:The Annals of Iowa
1744:, pp. 56, 58.
1265:, pp. 31, 34.
1217:, pp. 84, 97.
732:
712:Lorenzo Sitgreaves
679:
647:Flagstaff, Arizona
643:
596:
561:
547:Beale's Wagon Road
541:Beale's Wagon Road
521:
500:, a branch of the
482:
331:
326:, as portrayed by
248:
175:
139:Beale's Wagon Road
53:Beale's Wagon Road
33:
2016:, pp. 74–76.
1988:, pp. 72–74.
1916:, pp. 5, 71.
1865:, pp. 70–71.
1810:, pp. 67–69.
1783:, pp. 63–64.
1768:, pp. 61–62.
1708:, pp. 51–53.
1684:, pp. 50–51.
1669:, pp. 38–39.
1657:, pp. 37–38.
1645:, pp. 36–37.
1633:, pp. 35–36.
1561:, pp. 32–33.
1537:, pp. 43–44.
1477:, pp. 26–27.
1448:, pp. 25–26.
1436:, pp. 40–41.
1412:, pp. 38–40.
1352:, pp. 35–36.
1328:, pp. 31–33.
1316:, pp. 30–34.
1304:, pp. 29–30.
1229:, pp. 13–14.
1181:, pp. 5, 15.
1157:, pp. 11–12.
1118:, pp. 83–84.
767:Alfred L. Kroeber
612:Holbrook, Arizona
201:near present-day
144:Leonard John Rose
117:near present-day
80:Leonard John Rose
67:near present-day
55:, established by
41:European American
2417:
2365:
2344:
2331:
2312:
2300:
2289:
2276:
2257:
2231:
2220:
2199:
2180:
2159:
2140:
2121:
2119:
2094:
2075:
2066:
2054:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1940:, p. 82–84.
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1778:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1130:, pp. 8–11.
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
917:
909:
903:
900:
894:
887:
881:
874:
868:
861:
855:
851:
845:
842:
836:
829:
823:
812:
793:
737:cottonwood trees
628:Winslow, Arizona
577:Colorado Plateau
494:Independence Day
480:El Morro in 1873
472:
451:
425:Washington, D.C.
386:Cimarron, Kansas
265:prairie schooner
47:to traverse the
37:Rose–Baley Party
31:
28:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2328:
2309:
2273:
2254:
2217:
2196:
2177:
2156:
2137:
2048:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1877:Bitterness Road
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1849:, p. 312;
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1289:, pp. 1–3.
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:, pp. 2–3.
1075:
1068:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
965:, p. viii.
961:
957:
949:
945:
937:
930:
926:
921:
920:
910:
906:
901:
897:
888:
884:
875:
871:
862:
858:
852:
848:
843:
839:
830:
826:
813:
809:
804:
795:
791:
779:
750:
708:Black Mountains
704:
549:
543:
502:Rocky Mountains
470:
449:
398:Cimarron Cutoff
390:Cimarron Desert
316:
231:The Californian
223:Keosauqua, Iowa
211:
167:
131:
76:Keosauqua, Iowa
51:route known as
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2367:
2366:
2361:978-1469615851
2360:
2345:
2332:
2327:978-0899976006
2326:
2313:
2308:978-0803295506
2307:
2290:
2288:. N.A. Kovach.
2277:
2272:978-0803294189
2271:
2258:
2253:978-0816529049
2252:
2239:
2221:
2216:978-0403098637
2215:
2200:
2195:978-0738596525
2194:
2181:
2176:978-0486281636
2175:
2160:
2155:978-1610586887
2154:
2141:
2136:978-0307701411
2135:
2122:
2095:
2076:
2067:
2055:
2047:978-0874214376
2046:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2006:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1952:, p. 129.
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1904:, p. 313.
1894:
1882:
1867:
1855:
1839:
1827:
1812:
1800:
1798:, p. 312.
1785:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1093:
1081:
1066:
1051:
1049:, p. 213.
1039:
1037:, p. 164.
1027:
1015:
1013:, p. 100.
1003:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
941:, p. vii.
927:
925:
922:
919:
918:
904:
895:
882:
869:
865:Jedediah Smith
856:
846:
837:
824:
806:
805:
803:
800:
784:
778:
775:
749:
746:
703:
702:Colorado River
700:
651:Humphreys Peak
608:petrified wood
585:Navajo Springs
542:
539:
498:Zuni Mountains
441:Colorado River
433:War Department
382:Arkansas River
374:Santa Fe Trail
347:Durham, Kansas
343:Missouri River
315:
312:
300:Black Hawk War
269:covered wagons
210:
207:
199:Colorado River
189:, Arkansas to
166:
163:
130:
127:
115:Colorado River
100:Black Hawk War
92:covered wagons
65:Colorado River
39:was the first
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2422:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2010:
2003:
2002:Woodward 1953
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:, p. 31.
1975:
1974:Shepherd 2010
1970:
1964:, p. 53.
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1928:, p. 67.
1927:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1892:, p. 46.
1891:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1837:, p. 69.
1836:
1835:Woodward 1953
1831:
1825:, p. 45.
1824:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1756:, p. 61.
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1732:, p. 59.
1731:
1726:
1720:, p. 56.
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1621:, p. 47.
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1597:, p. 46.
1596:
1591:
1585:, p. 33.
1584:
1579:
1573:, p. 45.
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1549:, p. 44.
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1525:, p. 43.
1524:
1519:
1513:, p. 42.
1512:
1507:
1501:, p. 28.
1500:
1495:
1489:, p. 27.
1488:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1465:, p. 41.
1464:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1424:, p. 29.
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1400:, p. 24.
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1376:, p. 37.
1375:
1370:
1364:, p. 23.
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1340:, p. 20.
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1253:, p. 18.
1252:
1247:
1241:, p. 66.
1240:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1193:, p. 15.
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1145:, p. 11.
1144:
1139:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1031:
1025:, p. 32.
1024:
1023:Hinckley 2012
1019:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
989:, p. 76.
988:
983:
977:, p. 43.
976:
971:
964:
959:
952:
947:
940:
935:
933:
928:
915:
908:
899:
892:
891:Navajo people
886:
879:
878:Juan de Oñate
873:
866:
860:
850:
841:
834:
828:
821:
820:Interstate 40
818:, and later,
817:
816:U.S. Route 66
811:
807:
799:
794:
788:
783:
774:
772:
768:
762:
759:
755:
748:Mohave attack
745:
741:
738:
728:
724:
722:
717:
714:, who led an
713:
709:
699:
697:
696:Peach Springs
691:
689:
685:
675:
671:
667:
664:
658:
654:
652:
648:
639:
635:
633:
629:
623:
621:
620:Canyon Diablo
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
592:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
558:
553:
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371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
325:
320:
311:
309:
305:
304:Murphy wagons
301:
297:
296:Panic of 1857
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
258:and a Morgan
257:
254:
244:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:35th parallel
180:
171:
162:
160:
156:
152:
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145:
140:
136:
126:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:35th parallel
46:
42:
38:
23:
19:
2350:
2340:
2336:
2317:
2296:
2285:
2262:
2243:
2233:
2226:
2205:
2185:
2165:
2145:
2126:
2110:(2): 82–97.
2107:
2103:
2081:
2071:
2060:
2051:
2032:
2023:Bibliography
2009:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1858:
1853:, p. 45
1842:
1830:
1803:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1388:, p. 3.
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1282:
1277:, p. 3.
1270:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1169:, p. 5.
1162:
1150:
1123:
1111:
1106:, p. 4.
1091:, p. 3.
1084:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
1001:, p. 8.
999:Lutzick 2013
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
907:
898:
885:
872:
859:
849:
840:
827:
810:
796:
790:
786:
780:
763:
751:
742:
733:
705:
692:
680:
668:
659:
655:
644:
624:
597:
574:
565:
562:
535:mountain men
529:people with
522:
483:
473:in advance.
447:
438:
410:
366:Oregon Trail
355:
332:
328:C.M. Russell
292:anti-slavery
277:
249:
236:
230:
212:
176:
158:
154:
148:
134:
132:
112:
104:Gillum Baley
73:
36:
34:
18:
1950:Zappia 2014
1938:Sherer 1994
1215:Cheney 1915
1116:Cheney 1915
1047:Bonsal 1912
987:Thrapp 1991
975:Belden 1951
833:Mojave Road
771:Fort Mohave
557:Mount Elden
454:Albuquerque
450:US$ 100,000
341:across the
308:grubstakers
288:pro-slavery
215:wagon train
191:Los Angeles
45:wagon train
30: 1859
2374:Categories
2014:Baley 2002
1998:Baley 2002
1986:Baley 2002
1926:Baley 2002
1914:Baley 2002
1890:Udell 1946
1863:Baley 2002
1851:Udell 1946
1823:Udell 1946
1808:Baley 2002
1781:Baley 2002
1766:Baley 2002
1754:Baley 2002
1742:Baley 2002
1730:Baley 2002
1718:Baley 2002
1706:Baley 2002
1682:Baley 2002
1667:Udell 1946
1655:Udell 1946
1643:Udell 1946
1631:Udell 1946
1619:Baley 2002
1607:Udell 1946
1595:Baley 2002
1583:Udell 1946
1571:Baley 2002
1559:Udell 1946
1547:Baley 2002
1535:Baley 2002
1523:Baley 2002
1511:Baley 2002
1499:Udell 1946
1487:Udell 1946
1475:Udell 1946
1463:Baley 2002
1446:Udell 1946
1434:Baley 2002
1422:Baley 2002
1410:Baley 2002
1398:Udell 1946
1374:Baley 2002
1362:Udell 1946
1350:Baley 2002
1338:Udell 1946
1326:Baley 2002
1314:Baley 2002
1302:Baley 2002
1287:Beale 1858
1275:Beale 1858
1263:Baley 2002
1251:Udell 1946
1239:Groom 2011
1227:Baley 2002
1203:Baley 2002
1191:Baley 2002
1179:Baley 2002
1167:Baley 2002
1155:Baley 2002
1143:Baley 2002
1128:Baley 2002
1104:Baley 2002
1089:Baley 2002
1077:Baley 2002
1062:Baley 2002
1035:Utley 1981
1011:Ricky 1999
963:Baley 2002
951:Baley 2002
939:Baley 2002
924:References
758:war whoops
754:Sallie Fox
486:Rio Grande
370:Mormon War
362:West Coast
227:Rottenburg
187:Fort Smith
173:E.F. Beale
151:John Udell
108:John Udell
94:and three
2036:. Logan:
1902:Rose 1941
1847:Rose 1941
1796:Rose 1941
1694:Rose 1941
777:Aftermath
616:quicksand
466:U.S. Army
364:took the
351:unbranded
339:steamboat
209:Formation
43:emigrant
854:company.
684:Hualapai
581:brackish
566:jornadas
531:albinism
526:cornmeal
431:and the
429:Congress
402:Comanche
353:cattle.
260:stallion
129:Sourcing
84:purebred
2337:Plateau
471:US$ 500
360:to the
314:Journey
256:fillies
238:plenty.
63:to the
59:, from
2390:Mohave
2358:
2324:
2305:
2269:
2250:
2213:
2192:
2173:
2152:
2133:
2091:706481
2089:
2044:
914:scalps
462:Laguna
396:. The
324:cowboy
267:style
253:Morgan
219:Mohave
88:Durham
802:Notes
663:casks
490:ferry
488:on a
406:Kiowa
284:Union
273:yokes
185:from
2356:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2087:OCLC
2042:ISBN
831:The
456:and
404:and
290:and
96:yoke
86:red
35:The
2112:doi
2062:doc
376:to
2376::
2341:25
2339:.
2284:.
2108:12
2106:.
2102:.
2050:.
2040:.
1815:^
1788:^
1773:^
1674:^
1453:^
1294:^
1135:^
1096:^
1069:^
1054:^
931:^
723:.
622:.
435::
161:.
102:,
78:,
71:.
27:c.
2364:.
2330:.
2311:.
2275:.
2256:.
2219:.
2198:.
2179:.
2158:.
2139:.
2120:.
2114::
2093:.
2074:.
822:.
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