Roscoe Conkling - Knowledge

10213: 5169: 454: 6019:, the noted railroad executive, political observer and himself a member of the United States Senate from New York from 1899 to 1911, commented thus more than 30 years after Conkling's death: " was created by nature for a great career ... he was the handsomest man of his time ... his mental equipment nearly approached genius ... with all his oratorical power and his talent in debate, he made little impression on the country and none upon posterity ... The reason for this was that his wonderful gifts were wholly devoted to partisan discussions and local issues." 9235: 42: 9459: 5883: 417: 5429: 4172: 4158: 5621:, who they knew had close ties to Conkling, but who had impressed delegates with his work to broker a compromise on the selection of a permanent chairman at the start of the convention. Conkling tried to talk Arthur out of accepting, urging him to "drop it as you would a red hot shoe from the forge," but Arthur insisted that he would, calling the vice presidency "a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining." Arthur won the nomination with 468 votes to 193 for 4507: 4318: 6023: 5805: 4890: 4881:. Conkling took an active part in drafting the amendment, particularly its provision on representation, Section 2. His draft excluded, for the purpose of apportioning representation, all persons of a race or color whose political or civil rights and privilege were denied, thus punishing the jurisdiction which so denied them. Conkling was also responsible for substituting the word "persons" for "citizens" in Section 2. 5027:, Conkling did not serve as a manager or make any public speech but was active in the prosecution of the case. He voted guilty on several articles before the Senate adjourned. Conkling fell ill while the Senate remained in recess, but declared that if he were unable to walk or speak, he would still be carried to the chamber with the word "Guilty" pinned to his coat. 5374:'s victory in the 1880 election, Conkling consulted with friends on his future. Though he sought to resign over his differences with Garfield, they urged him to remain in office. Garfield solicited his advice on "several subjects relating to the next administration—and especially in reference to New York interests" and invited Conkling to visit him in 4927:

Blaine and Conkling exchanged sharp personal attacks, before Conkling offered to settle the matter "not here but elsewhere." The argument was renewed several times during the week, until April 30, when Blaine read a letter into the record which he had written with General Fry, taking issue with Conkling's statement and making specific charges of

4725:, who had been elected from New York City. Conkling was promoted to chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He introduced a bill to "establish an auxiliary watch for the protection of public and private property in the city of Washington" and another instituting a committee to report on the subject of a general bankruptcy law. 4524:

Hadcock's illiteracy. In 1854, he won a case for slander against a priest who had accused a young woman of "want of chastity." In 1855, he partnered with his former classmate Montgomery Throop; their partnership continued until 1862. He became one of the highest-paid attorneys in the region, often charging over $ 100 per trial.

4862:, who held that secession (or dissolution of the Southern states) had been achieved, leaving Congress plenary power to govern their territory, or of President Andrew Johnson, which held that secession was impossible and that the Southern states remained in the Union. Instead, Conkling endorsed the theory advanced by 5559:. He gave a powerful speech urging its constitutionality and its passage as a means of avoiding violence, but declined to serve on the Committee himself. Conkling's own position on the controversy was that neither Tilden nor Hayes should be inaugurated, frequently reported as an implicit endorsement of Tilden. 4695: 5722:. Both were "hard money" men, arguing that the only legal tender could be precious metals (gold and silver) and that the war could be won without extending the Union's line of credit. Instead, he argued for reducing the costs of government by cutting salaries and limiting congressional travel expenses. 5604:

and Sherman, who was nominated by Garfield. Conkling marshaled the Grant delegates through dozens of successive ballots, never wavering in his support. On the fifth night, some delegates suggested that Conkling could be nominated if he would withdraw Grant's name; he declined. The non-Grant delegates

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After leaving office, Conkling returned to Utica and resumed a solo law practice. He continued to give public speeches on occasion, criticizing Governor Seymour. From 1863 to 1865, he acted informally as a judge advocate of the War Department, investigating alleged frauds in the recruiting service in

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responded that an investigation would be incompatible with the public service, Conkling delivered a speech calling the battle "the most atrocious military murder ever committed in our history as a people," gaining national attention. His persistent criticism led to the creation of the Joint Committee

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as the Collector and Naval Officer, respectively, of the Port. The appointments were made on the basis of findings of corruption at the Port of New York by a commission of independent, anti-Conkling Republicans. The nominations were rejected by a vote of 25 to 32, with six Republicans voting for and

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Committee to investigate these accusations. In December 1872, the committee received allegations on many high-tier Republican officials, including Conkling. By February 1873, the committee was convinced that they should share this information with the senate. The senate created the Morrill committee

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upon the country, a hateful instrument of war, which deserves no place in a free government in a time of peace." Blaine, who had by then already clashed with Conkling on a number of matters in the House, replied in vehement defense of Fry, though they were not acquainted. In the ensuing debate, both

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produced a letter from Lincoln claiming no other candidate "could be more satisfactory to me" than Conkling. He was nominated by a large vote, but declined. A second vote was taken reaffirming his nomination by acclamation, whereupon he accepted. In the fall election, with a much-improved war effort

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Eaton, Dorman B., The Spoils System and Civil Service Reform in the Custom-House and Post-Office at New York (Publications of the Civil Service Reform Association, No. 3), New York, 1881. In The Spoils System in New York. Edited by James MacGregor Burns and William E. Leuchtenburg. New York: Arno

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The late Senator Roscoe Conkling was a frequent visitor at Canonchet , and was unpleasantly conspicuous in the proceedings which ended in the divorce of the Spragues. Mr. Conkling was once forbidden by Mr. Sprague to come to Canonchet. Despite this, however, the Executive later met the Senator on

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in connection with Conkling's work for the War Department. After Conkling's rebuttal, the debate culminated in an oft-quoted speech in which Blaine derided Conkling's "haughty disdain, his grandiloquent swell, his majestic, supereminent, overpowering, turkey-gobbler strut," prompting Conkling later

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Stories of his boxing exploits frequently appeared in the press, though their accuracy is questioned. Perhaps due to his massive frame (6'3") and dominant physical presence, Conkling drew frequent press attention. Despite his pride in his physique, Conkling was known to have a peculiar aversion to

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Conkling only began to campaign actively after Grant and Arthur personally prevailed upon him to do so. Conkling gave a well-received speech at New York's Academy of Music, then travelled west to deliver a series of speeches in Ohio alongside President Grant. At the insistence of Grant and Senator

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to meet with Garfield, Conkling left his seat conspicuously vacant. In response to entreaties from friends, he simply replied, "There are some matters which must be attended to before I can enter the canvass." This remark was widely reprinted in press throughout the North as evidence of Garfield's

5303:. The investigation brought to light extensive irregularities in the service, showing that the federal office holders in New York were rather a large army of political workers and that their positions were secured by and dependent upon their faithful service on behalf of New York City politicians. 4603:

had chosen to retire after his censure for corruption. Conkling's chief opponent was another Utica attorney, Charles H. Doolittle. Conkling said he hoped to be elected "because some men object to my nomination. So long as one man in the city opposes, I shall run on the Republican ticket." Conkling

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in New York. Though Conkling was disappointed that Seward had not been nominated, he spoke in favor of Lincoln at a June 4 unity rally. Conkling himself was unanimously re-nominated on September 4 and was re-elected by an increased majority over Utica mayor DeWitt Clinton Grove. As a high-profile

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In 1852, Conkling opened a legal partnership with former Mayor of Utica Thomas R. Walker; the partnership continued until 1855. He became famous throughout central New York after his defense of Sylvester Hadcock for forgery; Joshua Spencer was the prosecutor, but Conkling won acquittal by proving

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After a year at the Mount Washington Institute, Roscoe entered the Auburn Academy and remained there for three years. Even as a schoolboy, Roscoe's intimidating appearance and intellect demanded attention. A childhood friend said young Roscoe "was as large and massive in his mind as he was in his

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Soon after his re-election to the Senate, Conkling became a leading choice to succeed President Grant. He had the support of Grant and the unanimous backing of the New York Republicans. A public meeting was held in Utica on March 2 to endorse his candidacy, and the Republican state convention on

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A horde of ballot-box pirates and robbers have clutched by the throat the greatest city of the Western world. A horde of pirates, whose firm-name is Tammany Hall… is presenting in its own organization the most hideous spectacle in modern history, has disbanded, tampered with, and to a large part

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After the Democratic victories in the 1870 state elections, Conkling's political future was uncertain. Conkling privately told friends he did not expect re-election. He was offered a $ 50,000 yearly salary as a law partner in New York City but turned it down. However, after victories in 1871 and

4282:, a former New York Collector and Conkling ally, to the presidency. Their relationship was destroyed when Arthur pursued civil service reform, out of his sense of duty to the late President Garfield. Conkling remained active in politics and practiced law in New York City until his death in 1888. 4775:

which would have benefitted Roscoe's district. He may also have suffered from the disproportionate enlistment of Republican voters in the Union Army and a growing sentiment opposed to the war in general. Conkling was ultimately narrowly defeated by Kernan by 98 votes, and Seymour was once again

4450:, two of the leading lawyers in the state. He integrated himself into Utica society and spoke publicly on a variety of issues, especially in support of human rights and the abolition of slavery. At eighteen, he spoke at various venues in Central New York in sympathy for the sufferers of the 5493:

in personal terms, drawing criticism from the Democratic and Liberal Republican press. His next speech was on August 8, after which he hosted a meet-and-greet with President Grant at his mansion in Utica. Grant won the election over Greeley easily, and the Republican ticket swept New York.

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Though the charges by Fry were investigated and unanimously dismissed by an investigatory committee as having "no foundation in truth" and Conkling's conduct as "above reproach... eminently patriotic and valuable," Conkling never forgave Blaine. Their personal animosities shaped Republican

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Conkling and Arthur were so intimately associated that it was feared, after President Garfield was assassinated, that the killing had been done at Conkling's behest in order to install Arthur as president and bring about restoration of the patronage system of political appointments. After

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Conkling was a consistent opponent of issuing paper currency to pay for the war effort, unsuccessfully voting against the Legal Tender Act of 1862 and proposing bond issuances redeemable in gold as substitutes. He remained a consistent opponent of monetary expansion throughout his career.

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In April 1866, a bill to reorganize the army was introduced which would have made Provost-Marshal General a permanent office. On April 24, Conkling rose to strike this section, on the grounds that it "create an unnecessary office for an undeserving public servant. It fastens, as an

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In 1858, Republicans sought a candidate for Mayor of Utica, considered a slightly Democratic city. The party convention nominated Conkling on the first ballot. After a five-day campaign, Conkling defeated Democrat Charles S. Wilson on March 2, 1858, and took office on March 9.

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Merritt's removal halfway through his term and Robertson's appointment pressed Conkling to action. He resigned from the Senate May 16, expecting vindication of his own political strength and of the principle of senatorial courtesy by winning the special election to his seat.

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After Conkling returned from a European vacation, he took an active part in the 1877 New York state campaign. He and Platt were openly critical of the Hayes administration at the state convention, passing a number of resolutions endorsing Grant over the objection of reformer

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The delegates voted to seat the Conkling delegation, and the party platform included an endorsement of President Grant and condemnation of "astounding revelations of fraud and corruption in the city of New York." For the next decade, Conkling was the undisputed leader of the

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CANONCHET, SPRAGUE HOME IS BURNED: War Governor in Danger as Place Is Destroyed with Loss Exceeding $ 1,000,000. PRICELESS RELICS LOST House, Remnant of William Sprague's Vast Fortune, Was Identified with Stirring Events in Nation's Annals. New York Times, Oct. 12, 1909, p.

4964:, whose term expired in the coming March. By campaigning throughout the state, he studied the political situation in every county and secured the allegiances of local party leaders. The political organization he formed in his canvas for Senate later formed the basis for the 4690:

Given his first opportunity to advise President-elect Lincoln on federal appointments in Oneida, Conkling rejected a list provided by district Republicans, replying, "Gentlemen, when I need your assistance in making the appointments in our district, I shall let you know."

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upon Garfield's death in September 1881, Conkling attempted to sway his protégé into reversing the earlier appointment by Garfield of William H. Robertson as Collector of the Port of New York. Arthur, who would become an avid champion of civil service reform, refused.

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Conkling was a lifelong advocate for civil rights for freed black Americans. He remained an advocate for Southern Reconstruction long past its political popularity in the North and even beyond President Hayes's decision to withdraw federal troops from Southern states.

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In the time before Conkling returned to the House, President Lincoln was inaugurated, the Civil War came to a close, and Lincoln was assassinated on April 14. Conkling was among the first Union men to arrive in Richmond after its fall, on a fact-finding mission with

5420:, a fellow Stalwart who had cited the Blaine appointment in threats to the President. Though Garfield was still alive when the election finally concluded on July 22, he died on September 19. Conkling's long-time protégé, Chester Arthur, succeeded to the presidency. 4615:, had the endorsement of the incumbent Matteson, his former law partner. Root refused to debate Conkling; Conkling stumped the county on his own behalf. Conkling won the election by 2,793 votes out of slightly under 20,000 cast. He ran 200 votes ahead of Governor 5608:

On the sixth day, Garfield emerged as the consensus anti-Grant choice. He received the necessary majority on the thirty-sixth ballot of the convention, and Conkling moved to make his nomination unanimous. The Garfield campaign sought to reconcile with Conkling's

5824:. Arthur submitted the nomination to the Senate not knowing whether Conkling would accept it or not. He was confirmed by the Senate on March 2, 1882, by a 39–12 vote, but declined to serve in a letter to Arthur citing "reasons you would not fail to appreciate." 4959:

Conkling was re-elected to the House over Palmer Kellogg in November 1866. Confident of his victory in advance, Conkling spent the fall campaign working on behalf of other Republicans in an effort to actively, privately seek the United States Senate seat of

4918:, whom Conkling believed was truly responsible for the corrupt conduct of Haddock's office. At the opening of the 39th Congress, Conkling introduced a resolution, which passed, to study the potential of eliminating Fry's position of Provost-Marshal General. 4503:. He was still only twenty-one, and set about prosecuting cases without the aid of more senior co-counsel. He was nominated for re-election that fall but was defeated along with the rest of the Whig ticket. Opposition mainly centered on Conkling's youth. 10658: 5894:, on June 28, 1855; Horatio was strongly opposed to the marriage and remained a forceful political opponent of Conkling's. Their marriage was unhappy; Conkling focused on politics and was frequently unfaithful. They became estranged as early as 1863. 4356:

Roscoe was the youngest of seven children, four sons and three daughters. He had two older brothers, Frederick and Aurelian. A third brother also named Roscoe died before this article's subject was born. Both Roscoes were named for the British author

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Conkling played an active part in resolving the disputed election. Acting on the advice of President Grant, he helped write and pass the bill establishing the Electoral Commission of 1877, tasked with resolving the dispute between Hayes and

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Conkling's first term as Representative was uneventful. He quietly opposed slavery and his speeches largely consisted of legal expositions. Throughout the protracted battle for Speaker that dominated the first session, Conkling supported

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Within the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Conkling was a relatively conservative member of the Republican majority, in sympathy with chairman William Pitt Fessenden and in contrast to radicals George S. Boutwell and Jacob Howard.

8201: 5913:. According to a well-known story, buttressed by contemporaneous press reports, Mr. Sprague confronted the philandering couple at the Spragues' Rhode Island summer home and pursued Conkling with a shotgun. One posthumous account from 5827:

The breach between Arthur and Conkling was never repaired. Without Conkling's leadership, his Stalwart faction dissolved. However, upon Arthur's death in 1886, he attended the funeral and showed deep sorrow according to onlookers.

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of Ohio for president, delivered a well-received speech against the resolution, Conkling sent him a note which read, "New York requests that Ohio's real candidate and dark horse come forward." Conkling then withdrew his motion.

4721:, which began in April 1861. President Lincoln called Congress into a special session on Independence Day in order to equip an army. Conkling took a leading role in the session and was joined in the House by his elder brother 4709:

and another man, George W. Chadwick, to make a profit on wartime cotton. The business worked well and was expunged from public record. Conkling later secured Arthur's appointment as a tax commissioner; Arthur was appointed

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campaigned as a personal ally of Senator Seward, and Seward delivered a speech on Conkling's behalf. Conkling won easily on the first ballot of the district convention; Doolittle was nominated by future Conkling ally

5999:. Conkling died in the early morning hours of April 18, 1888. After leaving the Senate, Conkling had reconciled with Mrs. Conkling, and both his wife and daughter were with him when he died. Conkling is buried at 6105:. Arbuckle's father, however, despised Conkling and named the boy because he suspected the boy wasn't his own, and as a nod towards Conkling's reputation as a philanderer. Roscoe Conkling Brown Sr., the father of 7078: 3968: 5725:

Conkling also vigorously opposed the so-called "inflation bill", which would have authorized an additional $ 46 million in bank notes. The bill passed, but President Grant vetoed it and a compromise was reached.

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was responsible for administering the draft in western New York and accused of flagrant corruption. Conkling zealously secured a conviction but retained a grudge against Haddock's commanding officer, General

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as a British tool committed to upholding slavery and free trade to fuel the cotton mills of England. In 1853, Conkling was a leading candidate for Attorney General of New York; he lost the Whig nomination to

4289:: first to the position of Chief Justice in 1873 and then as an associate justice in 1882. In 1882, Conkling was confirmed by the Senate but declined to serve, the last person (as of 2024) to have done so. 3892: 5771:, 118 U.S. 394 (1886), that the phrase "nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" meant the drafters wanted corporations to be included, because they used the word " 4656:

In the second session of the 36th Congress, Conkling voted in favor of a committee to address the growing secession crisis and gave a speech denouncing secession and slavery. He voted in favor of the

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Roscoe Conkling's enduring legacy is scant. Though he was a consequential, colorful and powerful political figure in his day, few lasting social or legislative achievements are attributed to him.

5106:, President Grant urged him to accept an appointment to the seat, but Conkling declined. He stated, "I could not take the place, for I would be forever gnawing my chains." Instead, Grant nominated 5238:

and Jackson S. Schultz; Greeley declined and joined Fenton's organization instead, precipitating a struggle for power within the city party. The struggle was ended at the 1871 state convention in

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of Kansas, who stood accused of bribery and ultimately resigned. He served on the committees on Foreign Relations, Commerce, and the Judiciary, and chaired the committee on the Revision of Laws.

9422: 5937:, a somewhat unorthodox pastime for a man of his era and social status. Conkling maintained his physique through horseback riding and boxing. He took daily walking trips throughout his life. 10663: 4465:

speech from memory with such accuracy that Clay himself remarked on its quality. He also practiced his oratory by reciting passages from the Bible, Shakespeare, and British Whigs including

5196:, which had given rise to the controversy over Johnson's removal of Secretary Stanton. Fenton supported repeal of the bill entirely, in line with the position of the New York Legislature. 5176:, the former Governor of New York. Conkling defeated Fenton by winning an alliance with President Grant that effectively solidified his control of the New York party for the next decade. 4971:

With Republicans firmly in control of the state legislature, the election would be determined by the Republican caucus, where the field gradually dwindled to Harris, Conkling, and Judge

10244: 4791:, to replace Lincoln on the ticket with a more radical candidate. Conkling was re-nominated on the Union ticket, despite some opposition, on September 22. At the district convention, 4576:

Although he did not run for re-election, Conkling remained mayor until his resignation on November 18, 1859 because the March 1859 election to choose his successor resulted in a tie.

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During the general election campaign, Conkling conspicuously avoided Garfield, declining the nominee's invitations to meet. When a conference of Republican leaders convened at the

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the estate coming from the rear of the house—some reports had it that the Senator jumped from a window—and after him came the Governor with his old civil war musket in his hands.

5455:'s nomination as vice president in 1880 was designed to appease Conkling (though Arthur accepted over Conkling's objection) and led to Arthur's succession as president after the 5192:, quickly gained President Grant's ear and claimed to have control over presidential appointments in New York. Conkling and Fenton also disagreed over proposed amendments to the 5836:

During his first term as Senator, Conkling purchased a mansion in Utica (3 Rutger Park) that remained his primary residence until his death. He adorned his walls with photos of

5650:. During his entire visit, Conkling refused to be left alone with Garfield. He made four more speeches in Indiana, then returned to New York for the remainder of the campaign. 4259:

were defining features of American politics of the 1870s and 1880s. He also participated, as a member of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, in the drafting of the landmark

9872: 9016: 4999: 10693: 5813: 4274:. He ran for re-election to his seat in an attempt to display his support from the New York political machine and his power, but lost the special election, during which 4787:

In 1864, Conkling remained an active supporter of President Lincoln and endorsed his re-nomination and re-election. He rebuffed efforts, including a direct appeal from

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To spite his large son, whose delivery he believed hastened his petite wife's death and whose great size implied infidelity, William Goodrich Arbuckle named his child

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within his district and spoke in support of the movement's aims at the 1873 state convention, but denounced any "irrational effort" to ban alcohol as indefensible.

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At the Republican Convention in Cincinnati on June 14, the New York delegation actively worked to secure Conkling's nomination, and his name was placed forward by

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The Senate fell one vote short of convicting Johnson and removing him from office. Conkling remained Johnson's antagonist for the remainder of the latter's term.

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Henry Scott Wilson, "Distinguished American Lawyers: With Their Struggles and Triumphs in the Forum," (New York: Charles L. Webster & Company, 1891), p. 190.

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on July 23. His speech there was issued, in abridged form, by the state party as a central piece of the Republican campaign in the state. Conkling spoke against

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When Congress reconvened on December 3, 1861, Conkling introduced a resolution calling for the War Department to investigate the humiliating Union defeat at the

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In 1870, New York elected its first Democratic legislature since the War. When the new legislature repealed and rescinded its prior resolution ratifying the

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Burlingame, Sara Lee. "The Making of a Spoilsman: The Life and Career of Roscoe Conkling from 1829 to 1873." PhD dissertation Johns Hopkins U. 1974. 419 pp.

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After Conkling's vote slipped lower on the first five ballots, a member of the Indiana delegation began a stampede to Hayes, who was nominated. New Yorker

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in 1839. At his new home, Roscoe enjoyed horseback riding, which became a lifelong pursuit. He did not take to academic study, but had a retentive memory.

2183: 5284:, a New York opponent of Conkling's machine, as secretary of state. In addition to elevating a Conkling critic, the appointment precluded Conkling's ally 9412: 8856: 8823: 6077:

Conkling's stature as a powerful politician—and the interests of others in currying favor with him—led to many babies being named for him. These include

9865: 9009: 5859:. He sometimes quoted or recited poetry in his speeches. He made careful study of British oratory throughout his life, and was a particular admirer of 5750:

In 1877, Conkling presented a petition on behalf of citizens of New York, mostly women, calling for an amendment granting all women the right to vote.

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Though his preferred candidate was not nominated for president in either case, he was successful in preventing the nomination of an outright reformer.

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had its roots in his final term as Representative. In April 1865, in connection with his work for the War Department, Conkling had been selected as a

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Graham, Howard Jay. "The 'Conspiracy Theory' of the Fourteenth Amendment". The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 47, No. 3. (January, 1938), pp. 371–403.

5061:'s support of the Confederates in the Civil War had made him the enemy of the United States. Nevertheless, Conkling defended the administration from 4612: 4395:

frame, and accomplished in his studies precisely what he did in his social life — a mastery and command which his companions yielded to him as due."

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from joining the cabinet as postmaster general on grounds of regional diversity; traditionally, only one cabinet member could come from a state.

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Reeves, Thomas C. "Chester A. Arthur and the Campaign of 1880". Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 84, No. 4. (December, 1969), pp. 628–637.

8399: 5617:; Conkling was still angry over Grant's loss and advised Morton to decline, which he did. Garfield's supporters then offered the nomination to 5444:

As a senator and the boss of the New York Republicans, Conkling was a kingmaker at multiple Republican Conventions. After supporting President

5351: 5154: 4954: 8227: 5718:, which established Treasury notes as legal currency in order to better fund the war effort. In this opposition he was joined by his brother, 5573:

As the 1880 election approached, a growing movement favored the nomination of President Grant for a third term. Conkling, along with Senators

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voted against the appointment as Republicans. After this, Conkling was more influential with the Grant administration than any senator except

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Fenton's influence with Grant evidently came to an end in 1870, when Grant appointed Conkling's choice for Collector of the Port of New York,

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Broxmeyer, Jeffrey D. "Roscoe Conkling's Wartime Cotton Speculation." New York History 96, no. 2 (2015): 167-81. Accessed September 9, 2020.

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in 1868 and 1872, Conkling ran an unsuccessful campaign of his own in 1876. In 1880, he supported the nomination of Grant for a third term.

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of Illinois, were at its head. At the 1880 state convention, Conkling secured a binding resolution pledging New York's delegates to Grant.

4074: 2342: 10653: 9274: 3410: 9390: 8690: 10633: 5300: 4270:," and defended the prerogatives of senators in appointments. His conflict with President Garfield over appointments eventually led to 4244: 3933: 3506: 2798: 2470: 2356: 782: 433: 5188:, Senator Conkling suddenly became the most senior figure in the New York Republican Party. His new junior colleague, former governor 2362: 8861: 8828: 7003:

Peskin, Allan. "Conkling, Roscoe (1829-1888), politician." American National Biography. February 1, 2000; Accessed September 9, 2020.

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was nominated for vice president. Conkling pledged to make four speeches on behalf of Hayes, but made only one, claiming ill health.

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An 1880 political cartoon depicts Conkling working at a "presidential puzzle." Conkling's control of the New York delegation at the

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for control of the New York City party organization; many of Fenton's supporters held sinecures in city government. The Republicans

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when Conkling, still a power in the closely fought state of New York, not only refused to help Blaine, but worked for his defeat.

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As the 1872 campaign shaped up, Conkling established himself as one of the foremost defenders of the Grant administration. When

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district's Whig nominating convention, then to the state judicial nominating convention as a supporter Joshua Spencer for the

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Conkling first became interested in politics during his time at Auburn. Since his father was a leading member of the upstate

4391:. While in New York, he also studied oratory with his elder brother Frederick. They often practiced their speaking together. 483: 9850: 10588: 5412:

was chosen as his successor. Any chance of Conkling's re-election was likely ended, and his political career with it, when

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Almost immediately after his nomination for mayor, Conkling prepared to mount a run for Congress; incumbent Representative

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On February 24, 1882, Arthur nominated Conkling as an associate justice of the Supreme Court, following the retirement of

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as he castigated Southern Representatives, amid fears that they would assault Stevens. (Representative Preston Brooks had

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to help with the investigation. Conkling's testimony convinced The Morrill Committee to clear his name from the charges.

3442: 1047: 917: 5002:. He became a popular subject of press attention and was even mentioned as a potential candidate for president in 1868. 10668: 9398: 9064: 8321: 7418: 5482:

introduced a constitutional amendment to limit the presidency to one term in 1871, Conkling spoke against its passage.

5413: 5378:. Their conversation there, in private with no witnesses, remained the subject of debate long after both men's deaths. 4275: 4114: 3869: 3859: 3613: 2448: 2298: 1959: 1781: 699: 7399: 6810: 5605:

struggled to find an alternative candidate, but it became clear they would not support Grant under any circumstances.

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At the national convention, Conkling moved to have all delegates pledge their support to the eventual nominee. After

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and came to consider himself an "original Republican." In 1856, he spoke throughout Oneida and Herkimer counties for

3628: 3425: 2649: 2555: 1606: 1556: 441: 218: 4349:. Roscoe's maternal grandfather James Cockburn was Scottish by birth, but emigrated to the Bahamas and later to the 416: 10377: 10272: 8893: 7962: 5678: 4784:

western New York. In the summer of 1863, he and Kernan were opposing counsel in a case regarding an Army deserter.

4653:

as final, arguing "the judgments of the Supreme Court are binding only upon inferior courts and parties litigant."

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Conkling was a moderate on the issue of alcohol. In 1873, Conkling submitted a resolution on behalf of the

5597: 5471:'s three presidential campaigns. In 1868, he actively campaigned for Grant against his own brother-in-law, 5224: 3914: 3484: 2895: 571: 7992:

Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President

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and political environment for the Lincoln administration, Conkling defeated Kernan to reclaim his seat.

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Peskin, Allan. "Who Were the Stalwarts? Who Were Their Rivals? Republican Factions in the Gilded Age."

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Conkling's mother was said to have a "talent for repartee and brilliant talk" which her son inherited.

4239:

faction and a dominant figure in the United States Senate during the 1870s. As senator, his control of

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removed the "Tammany Republicans" over Fenton's objection and founded a successor organization led by

5133: 4247:, one of the busiest commercial ports in the world, made him very powerful. His comity with President 9525: 9505: 9490: 9124: 8786: 6058:, a 625-acre (253 ha) park in Utica, New York containing a zoo, golf course, and ski area. His 6035: 5860: 5261: 5200: 4987:, and was nominated on the fifth ballot after the small minority of Harris men chose him over Davis. 4729: 4482: 4466: 4029: 3958: 3938: 3849: 2853: 2825: 2605: 2522: 2303: 2123: 1904: 1007: 757: 747: 5331:

of Georgia nearly resulted in a duel between the two men, but their friends defrayed the situation.

4458:," and referred to himself as a "Seward Whig," stumping the county for Taylor and Fillmore in 1848. 10648: 10512: 10446: 10436: 10122: 9947: 9438: 8773: 8512: 5671: 5073: 4632: 4346: 4189: 3973: 3650: 3595: 3415: 3392: 3369: 3141: 3053: 2325: 2223: 2093: 1300: 662: 652: 523: 488: 404: 5596:

On the fourth day, Conkling placed Grant's name in nomination, and the nomination was seconded by

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In 1871, Conkling gained Grant's support to reform the New York City organization. State chairman

4627:

of Ohio. On the second day of the session, December 6, Conkling allegedly rose and stood to guard

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Graham, Howard J., The "Conspiracy Theory" of the Fourteenth Amendment, 47 Yale L. J. 371 (1938).

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In January 1879, Conkling was re-nominated by acclamation and re-elected to a third term easily.

5215:. At the 1870 state convention, Conkling and his allies accused Fenton of a corrupt bargain with 5123: 4500: 4478: 4128: 4064: 3762: 3722: 3580: 3452: 2909: 2794: 2620: 2133: 1443: 772: 576: 556: 258: 8684: 8634: 8594: 8541: 8451: 8295: 5995:

several weeks later which, following a surgical procedure to drain the infection, progressed to

5255:

controlled that glorious organization which is the brightest in the annals of political parties…

10469: 10431: 9957: 9545: 9349: 9109: 8622:. Edited by James MacGregor Burns and William E. Leuchtenburg. New York: Arno Press, Inc. 1974. 8367:

Camera man : Buster Keaton, the dawn of cinema, and the invention of the Twentieth Century

5980: 5964: 5779:

historian considered the pre-eminent scholar on the Fourteenth Amendment, named this case the "

5315: 5129: 4664:, which would have shielded slavery from federal interference as a step toward reconciliation. 4451: 4338: 3953: 3665: 3633: 3329: 3322: 2832: 2626: 2580: 2485: 2310: 1616: 1551: 1463: 892: 767: 762: 689: 667: 642: 8425:

was the lone New York delegate to oppose Conkling's nomination; he supported Benjamin Bristow.

4402:, Roscoe became acquainted with some of the most prominent men of the era, such as Presidents 10057: 9880: 9570: 8548: 8422: 8314:

The Mammoth Book of Celebrity Murder: Murder played out in the spotlight of maximum publicity

8299: 7708: 7414: 7251: 6090: 6086: 6059: 5871: 5714:

While in the House, Conkling notably broke with the Republican Party over the passage of the

5690: 5311:. Conkling gave a lengthy speech denouncing Curtis, Hayes, and reformers and praising Grant. 5308: 5107: 4984: 4801: 4341:

of England. His father's ancestors emigrated to the North America around 1635 and settled in

4267: 4135: 4100: 3874: 3864: 3660: 3489: 3479: 3437: 3127: 3085: 2923: 2874: 2860: 2773: 2714: 2527: 2490: 2433: 2332: 2263: 2233: 2193: 2153: 1944: 819: 714: 498: 493: 399: 24: 10659:

Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)

7051:"The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, September 04, 1872, Image 1" 5168: 4897:, future secretary of state and Republican presidential candidate, during the 39th Congress. 4635:

only three years prior.) On April 17, 1860, Conkling delivered a long address attacking the

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March 22 endorsed Conkling for president. Conkling named as his own second choice Governor

5394: 5390: 5342:

during the congressional recess. Both were confirmed when Congress reconvened in February.

5335: 5334:

Nevertheless, Hayes suspended Arthur and Cornell's service on July 11, 1878, and appointed

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two Democrats voting against. After the vote, a disagreement between Conkling and Senator

8: 10507: 10426: 10409: 10296: 10087: 10012: 9982: 9972: 9902: 9668: 9520: 9114: 8871: 8815: 8461: 8218:

Chauncey M. Depew, "My Memories Of Eighty Years", Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1923

8026: 6106: 6094: 6078: 6027: 5776: 5703: 5659: 5610: 5521: 5510: 5382: 5277: 5095:, and an increase in congressional salaries. He spoke against seating Republican senator 5088: 5054: 4870:, which held that secession was impossible and void, but that states had lapsed from the 4863: 4827: 4600: 4419: 4293: 4266:

Conkling publicly led opposition to proposals for civil service reform, which he called "

4252: 4236: 4162: 4012: 3819: 3590: 3346: 3274: 3260: 3099: 3058: 3017: 3010: 2902: 2745: 2615: 2610: 2585: 2253: 2143: 1839: 1819: 1676: 1626: 1498: 1350: 952: 862: 630: 473: 199: 139: 6173: 4854:

He subscribed neither to the constitutional theory of secession advanced by the radical

10566: 10496: 10356: 10351: 10304: 10152: 10002: 9987: 9615: 9600: 9550: 9480: 9359: 9324: 9269: 9259: 9224: 9084: 9079: 8994: 8986: 8663: 8447: 8393: 5915: 5910: 5638: 5548: 5319: 5239: 5096: 4972: 4777: 4767:, for Governor. Local Democrats quoted criticism of Conkling by radical Representative 4718: 4121: 3928: 3834: 3772: 3757: 3717: 3645: 3420: 3352: 3335: 3162: 3148: 2951: 2694: 2689: 2639: 2465: 1814: 1696: 1305: 1220: 967: 962: 907: 887: 824: 752: 657: 635: 608: 337: 102: 20: 5975:

On March 12, 1888, Conkling attempted to walk home three miles from his law office on

5250:, but Conkling successfully prevented this move, delivering an extemporaneous speech: 4874:, thus entitling Congress to prescribe the steps for reinstating a proper government. 4776:

elected Governor. Conkling ran behind the Republican gubernatorial candidate, radical

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Conkling's gambit failed: although he attended the legislature's sessions in Albany,

5328: 5296: 5281: 5243: 5181: 5172:

From 1869 to 1871, Conkling was locked in a power struggle with his Senate colleague

4842:. He was among the committee's most active supporters of enfranchising freed slaves. 4831: 4804:. He and Seymour also accompanied Lincoln's funeral procession from Albany to Utica. 4706: 4701:, as a young lawyer. Conkling nurtured Arthur's career and relentlessly promoted him. 4698: 4561: 4474: 4443: 4407: 4373: 4279: 4256: 3792: 3752: 3690: 3003: 2979: 2944: 2505: 2350: 2014: 1929: 1859: 1576: 1493: 1473: 1458: 1398: 1255: 1250: 1225: 1160: 1145: 1112: 1082: 1067: 1012: 992: 977: 792: 694: 623: 508: 8560: 8184:"Bad Idea: The Most Powerful Man in America Walks Home Through the Blizzard of 1888" 6598: 5870:, whom he defended against both racist and reformist critics, and who named his son 1889: 41: 10532: 10441: 10401: 10361: 10331: 10326: 10187: 10177: 10167: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10027: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9683: 9673: 9653: 9643: 9458: 9448: 9354: 9289: 9209: 9099: 8838: 8724: 7733: 7669: 6071: 6043: 5934: 5845: 5758:

After resigning from the Senate in 1881, Conkling returned to the practice of law.

5715: 5533: 5529: 5468: 5445: 5389:, for Secretary of the Treasury. Garfield further angered Conkling when he removed 5208: 5110:, who was rejected by the Senate. Conkling declined once more, and Grant appointed 5039: 4915: 4871: 4855: 4733: 4661: 4645: 4628: 4403: 4377: 4330: 4248: 4224: 4024: 3985: 3777: 3521: 3363: 3113: 3106: 2965: 2937: 2916: 2839: 2818: 2766: 2644: 2565: 2517: 2500: 2412: 2044: 2024: 2009: 1969: 1884: 1741: 1586: 1541: 1423: 1408: 1077: 1037: 787: 674: 586: 320: 292: 116: 67: 10478: 10346: 10321: 10172: 10042: 9997: 9824: 9759: 9741: 9736: 9688: 9605: 9595: 9585: 9575: 9535: 9515: 9495: 9339: 9299: 9219: 9204: 9194: 9144: 9129: 9049: 9039: 8978: 8966: 8933: 8764: 8735: 8571: 7925: 7253:

Patrick Henry Jones: Irish American, Civil War General, and Gilded Age Politician

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by offering one of them the vice presidential nomination. They first approached

4300:, was known for his physical condition, maintained through regular exercise and 10142: 10062: 10052: 9937: 9839: 9804: 9794: 9784: 9779: 9663: 9648: 9580: 9565: 9560: 9530: 9443: 9304: 9284: 9264: 9164: 9139: 9094: 9089: 8974: 8923: 8848: 8699: 8577: 8020: 6117:

Conkling was an important character in Rosemary Simpson's 2017 detective novel

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Returning to Congress in December 1865, Conkling was appointed to the powerful

4788: 4760: 4756: 4657: 4536: 4447: 4415: 4358: 4278:. Though Conkling never returned to elected office, the assassination elevated 3824: 3742: 3655: 3605: 3225: 3120: 3078: 2709: 2512: 2064: 2034: 1964: 1954: 1919: 1899: 1661: 1651: 1611: 1566: 1561: 1483: 1428: 1418: 1375: 1370: 1355: 1345: 1240: 1165: 1117: 1002: 972: 947: 927: 852: 566: 513: 241: 187: 151: 10252: 8793: 8385: 5381:

Garfield assembled a cabinet including James Blaine as secretary of state and

4687:

House freshman, he spent much more of the 1860 campaign outside his district.

4219:(October 30, 1829 – April 18, 1888) was an American lawyer and 10617: 10192: 10127: 10107: 10082: 9962: 9819: 9774: 9764: 9698: 9693: 9625: 9610: 9485: 9379: 9374: 9334: 9254: 9184: 9154: 9149: 9134: 9119: 9059: 8970: 8667: 8603:

Reeves, Thomas C. "Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester Alan Arthur," (1975) (

8501: 7058: 6039: 5949: 5945: 5867: 5685: 5578: 5556: 5428: 5339: 5212: 5189: 5173: 5077: 5024: 4976: 4545: 4510: 4496: 4454:

in Ireland. He displayed deep abhorrence for slavery, which he described as "

4388: 4387:

In 1842, Roscoe was enrolled in the Mount Washington Collegiate Institute in

4350: 4107: 3304: 3281: 3134: 3092: 2996: 2986: 2787: 2780: 2684: 1994: 1984: 1974: 1949: 1879: 1874: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1736: 1691: 1526: 1488: 1335: 1310: 1275: 1210: 1102: 1097: 1087: 1062: 1052: 1042: 982: 897: 847: 647: 613: 533: 6205: 5882: 10551: 10488: 10037: 9952: 9834: 9769: 9590: 9369: 9294: 8797: 8365: 8121:

Kate Chase and William Sprague: Politics and Gender in a Civil War Marriage

7991: 7714: 7079:"U.S. Senate: Expulsion Case of James W. Patterson of New Hampshire (1873)" 5647: 5589: 5375: 5292: 5220: 5072:, Conkling spoke out against it. He actively worked for the passage of the 5058: 4928: 4737:

on the Conduct of the War to provide civilian oversight of the war effort.

4624: 4470: 4423: 3829: 3767: 3516: 3402: 3309: 3239: 3176: 3038: 2888: 2881: 2846: 2632: 2059: 2049: 1914: 1909: 1864: 1849: 1834: 1786: 1726: 1721: 1701: 1666: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1591: 1546: 1478: 1438: 1433: 1393: 1360: 1340: 1200: 1155: 1072: 1017: 997: 987: 957: 5314:

The Conkling-Hayes conflict peaked in December 1877, when Hayes nominated

4759:

on September 26, 1862. He was opposed by his former law teacher, Democrat

10197: 10182: 10077: 10017: 9927: 9912: 9882:

Chairmen of the United States House Committee on the District of Columbia

9814: 9809: 9799: 9789: 9540: 9189: 6067: 5992: 5976: 5898: 5890:

Conkling married Julia Catherine Seymour, sister of Governor of New York

5393:

as Collector of the Port of New York during his term and appointed Judge

4877:

In order to establish these steps, the Joint Committee began work on the

4636: 4411: 3747: 3575: 3294: 3211: 3197: 2400: 2039: 2029: 1979: 1934: 1869: 1829: 1791: 1766: 1681: 1601: 1571: 1536: 1413: 1403: 1320: 1315: 1280: 1260: 1235: 1230: 1175: 1150: 1092: 1032: 1027: 932: 922: 882: 872: 867: 842: 807: 777: 742: 709: 679: 5852:(presented to Conkling's father during his time as Minister to Mexico). 5264:. Fenton eventually left the party entirely in 1872, supporting the new 4694: 4506: 10202: 9829: 9423:

United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

9344: 9314: 9279: 9249: 9044: 8950: 8886: 8683: 8582:

American National Biography Online, (February 2000), (29 January 2007).

6022: 5996: 5902: 5856: 5837: 5772: 5216: 5057:, Conkling expressed his sympathies with the German side, arguing that 4961: 4772: 4462: 4381: 4317: 3511: 3048: 2405: 1989: 1924: 1686: 1656: 1596: 1531: 1295: 1190: 1180: 1140: 797: 90: 5804: 8625:

Swindler, William F. "Roscoe Conkling and the Fourteenth Amendment."

8241: 7257: 7103:

United States Senate Election, Expulsion and Censure Cases: 1793-1990

5988: 5821: 5775:" and cited his personal diary from the period. Howard Jay Graham, a 5486: 5485:

Conkling led a barnstorming tour across New York state, beginning in

4979:

and most of western New York. Conkling was endorsed in the caucus by

4792: 4605: 4240: 3204: 2495: 2004: 1854: 1330: 1285: 1122: 814: 719: 478: 8727:

The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling: Orator, Statesman, Advocate

8453:

The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling: Orator, Statesman, Advocate

8496:

Paxson, Frederic Logan (1930). Allen Johnson; Dumas Malone (eds.).

8339:"Roscoe C. Brown, Jr., 94, Tuskegee Airman and Political Confidant" 5160:

1872, Conkling was re-elected without much competition or fanfare.

5023:

In Johnson's impeachment trial for the removal of Secretary of War

4054: 4036: 3315: 3246: 3232: 3218: 3190: 3043: 1844: 1746: 1716: 1365: 1290: 1195: 8370:(First Atria Books hardcover ed.). New York, NY. p. 90. 4889: 7926:"San Mateo County v. Southern Pacific R. Co. 116 U.S. 138 (1885)" 5855:

Conkling was an avid reader of poetry, particularly the works of

5784: 5733:

and any legislation attempting to increase the supply of silver.

4923: 4591:

1858 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

4353:, where he married Margaret Frey, the daughter of a feudal lord. 4297: 3920: 3340: 3253: 3169: 7963:"The senator who said no to a seat on the Supreme Court — twice" 6128:

in reference to the politician's numerous extramarital affairs.

5662:, favoring equal rights for ex-slaves and reduced rights for ex- 5268:, which nominated Greeley for president in opposition to Grant. 4771:

and cited Frederick Conkling's vote against an expansion of the

4430:

was a friend of Conkling's father and soon of Conkling as well.

6903: 6901: 5666:. He was active in framing and pushing the legislation framing 4301: 3854: 8705: 8141: 8139: 7432: 7430: 7209: 7207: 6876: 6874: 6554: 6552: 5227:; Conkling blamed the loss on betrayal by the Fenton faction. 5065:'s charges of violating neutrality by selling arms to France. 5042:

administration and its policy in Santo Domingo, including the

4845: 10664:

Republican Party United States senators from New York (state)

7105:(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1995), pp. 189-1995. 6312: 6310: 5866:

Conkling was a personal friend and political ally of Senator

3844: 8036: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7853: 7841: 7817: 7805: 7793: 7628: 7616: 7606: 7604: 7589: 7565: 7541: 7531: 7529: 6898: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6265: 5933:

Throughout his life, Conkling was noted for his advocacy of

5677:

Conkling defended a proposal ordering the construction of a

4990:

Conkling joined the Senate as a member of the Committees on

4936:

presidential politics for the next two decades and possibly

4325:

was a United States Representative and Ambassador to Mexico.

8136: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8048: 7427: 7377: 7204: 7192: 7168: 7120: 6985: 6973: 6961: 6886: 6871: 6859: 6832: 6650: 6648: 6549: 6209: 5814:

associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

5246:

suggested that each organization be given half the vote of

10464: 8563:

From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877-1896

8025:. New York, NY: Charles L. Webster & Company. p. 7997:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service 6849: 6847: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6569: 6567: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6508: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6415: 6403: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6307: 6228: 6226: 5359: 4579: 4285:

Conkling turned down two presidential appointments to the

8771: 8510: 8163: 8151: 7901: 7889: 7877: 7865: 7829: 7781: 7769:. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia 7744:. New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 119–121. 7713:. Washington, DC: Rufus H. Darby. p. 36 – via 7688: 7640: 7601: 7577: 7553: 7526: 7514: 6262: 5886:

Julia Catherine Seymour Conkling, Senator Conkling's wife

5128:

reported that many republican politicians were bribed by

10684:

Unsuccessful nominees to the United States Supreme Court

9024: 8089: 8072: 8060: 7502: 7490: 7478: 7466: 7454: 7442: 7365: 7353: 7341: 7329: 7317: 7305: 7293: 7281: 7231: 7219: 7180: 7156: 7144: 7132: 7108: 7030: 7018: 6949: 6937: 6925: 6913: 6820: 6696: 6660: 6645: 6604: 6337: 5765:, he claimed in a case which reached the Supreme Court, 4763:, running on a ticket led by Conkling's brother-in-law, 4678:

In the summer of 1860, Conkling campaigned on behalf of

6844: 6763: 6744: 6720: 6684: 6672: 6616: 6564: 6532: 6520: 6496: 6484: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6427: 6391: 6358: 6250: 6223: 5963:

In his retirement, he became a governing member of the

5901:, and was accused of having an affair with the married 5366:

1881 United States Senate special elections in New York

5184:

as secretary of state and the defeat of senior senator

4552:, Conkling took an active part in the formation of the 8466:

The Gentleman from New York: A Life of Roscoe Conkling

6327: 6325: 6109:, changed his own name from George to honor Conkling. 4840:

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

4261:

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

8101: 7049:

Humanities, National Endowment for the (1872-09-04).

5790: 5600:. Grant's strongest opponents were Conkling's rivals 5070:

Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

5020:

and supporter of aggressive Reconstruction policies.

4751:

1862 United States House of Representatives elections

10694:

People of New York (state) in the American Civil War

8779:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

8518:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

7670:"Four More Years: The Republican Convention of 1880" 6792: 6780: 6732: 6708: 6633: 6579: 5163: 5091:, efforts to establish a uniform national system of 6322: 6295: 6188: 6186: 6156: 6154: 6152: 5684:He also championed the broad interpretation of the 4611:Conkling's opponent in the general election, Judge 209: 162: 8498:Dictionary of American Biography: Conkling, Roscoe 8474: 7737: 6283: 6238: 5736: 4932:to demand an apology that Blaine refused to give. 4461:On one occasion, he is said to have transcribed a 10719:Burials at Forest Hill Cemetery (Utica, New York) 6599:https://www.jstor.org/stable/newyorkhist.96.2.167 5787:himself for the benefit of his railroad friends. 4361:, whom Eliza Conkling read during her pregnancy. 4329:Roscoe Conkling was born on October 30, 1829, in 10615: 8550:The Conkling and Blaine-Fry controversy, in 1866 8477:Roscoe Conkling of New York: Voice in the Senate 8014: 8012: 7710:Lives of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur 6183: 6149: 5877: 5005: 10674:American political bosses from New York (state) 8662: 8627:Supreme Court Historical Society Yearbook 1983: 7401:James G. Blaine: A Political Idol of Other Days 6813:James G. Blaine, a Political Idol of Other Days 5816:. Conkling was confirmed, but declined to serve 5768:Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad 8243:Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins 7956: 7954: 7952: 7950: 5812:'s 1882 nomination of Conkling to serve as an 5352:1879 United States Senate election in New York 5155:1873 United States Senate election in New York 4955:1867 United States Senate election in New York 4755:Conkling was renominated by party faithful at 4499:appointed him as interim district attorney of 4438:In 1846, seventeen year-old Conkling moved to 10679:County district attorneys in New York (state) 10238: 9866: 9406: 9010: 8532:Eidson, William G. "Who Were the Stalwarts?" 8009: 7740:Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester A. Arthur 4909:in the case of Major John A. Haddock, who as 4197: 10699:Union (American Civil War) political leaders 8553:. New York, Press of A.G. Sherwood & Co. 8526: 7767:"James A. Garfield: Campaigns and Elections" 7758: 5646:Cameron, they stopped at Garfield's home in 5016:Conkling was a frequent critic of President 4983:, a signal that his candidacy was backed by 4667: 4527:Through 1853, Conkling remained an orthodox 10709:Activists for African-American civil rights 8655:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 8312:Ellis, Chris & Julie (April 10, 2005). 8181: 7985: 7983: 7947: 7707:Doyle, Burton T.; Swaney, Homer H. (1881). 7706: 5280:got off to a rocky start after Hayes named 4846:Reconstruction and the Fourteenth Amendment 4567: 3411:National Federation of Independent Business 272:April 22, 1850 – December 31, 1850 10245: 10231: 9873: 9859: 9413: 9399: 9017: 9003: 8666:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). 8468:. Cambridge University Press. p. 438. 8398:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8208:. New York, NY. April 18, 1888. p. 1. 7728: 7726: 7724: 7048: 6074:may or may not have been named after him. 6042:. Conkling is the namesake to the hamlets 5122:In September 1872, the New York newspaper 5117: 5102:In 1873, after the death of Chief Justice 5087:, Conkling opposed federal relief for the 4204: 4190: 3507:Federation for American Immigration Reform 231:March 9, 1858 – November 19, 1859 40: 8758:Mr. Lincoln and New York: Roscoe Conkling 8616:The Hayes-Conkling Controversy, 1877-1879 8446: 8249:. Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 192. 8169: 8157: 8145: 8083: 8066: 8054: 8042: 7989: 7912: 7895: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7847: 7835: 7823: 7811: 7799: 7787: 7694: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7646: 7634: 7622: 7610: 7595: 7583: 7571: 7559: 7547: 7535: 7520: 7508: 7496: 7484: 7472: 7460: 7448: 7436: 7383: 7371: 7359: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7311: 7299: 7287: 7249: 7237: 7225: 7213: 7198: 7186: 7174: 7162: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7114: 7036: 7024: 6991: 6979: 6967: 6955: 6943: 6931: 6919: 6907: 6892: 6880: 6865: 6838: 6826: 6702: 6666: 6654: 6610: 6558: 6514: 6490: 6457: 6445: 6433: 6421: 6409: 6397: 6385: 6343: 6316: 6277: 6256: 6232: 5291:In April 1877, Secretary of the Treasury 4943: 4433: 10259:1876 United States presidential election 9713:Interstate and Foreign Commerce/Commerce 8456:. New York : C.L. Webster & Co. 8018: 7980: 7960: 7764: 7667: 7420:Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield 6021: 5881: 5803: 5427: 5423: 5167: 4966:Stalwart faction of the Republican Party 4888: 4872:guaranteed republican form of government 4693: 4535:, he stumped New York state for General 4505: 4316: 3803:Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal 10392: 8460: 8363: 8336: 7721: 5783:" and concluded that Conkling probably 5761:As one of the original drafters of the 5540:, Hayes, and Conkling's personal rival 5360:Garfield administration and resignation 5271: 5225:lost the 1870 election by a wide margin 5033: 4580:U.S. House of Representatives (1859–67) 4548:on the third ballot. As the Whig Party 10616: 8862:New York's 21st congressional district 8829:New York's 20th congressional district 8472: 8305: 8239: 8107: 8095: 8031:roscoe conkling decline supreme court. 7961:Mitchell, Robert (February 27, 2022). 7732: 7652: 6853: 6804: 6798: 6786: 6774: 6757: 6738: 6726: 6714: 6690: 6678: 6639: 6627: 6585: 6573: 6543: 6526: 6502: 6478: 6373: 6331: 6301: 6289: 6244: 6172:Truesdale, Dorothy S. (October 1940). 5653: 4826:, serving alongside future Presidents 4229:United States House of Representatives 177:March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867 129:March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1863 10463: 10226: 9854: 9751:Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9394: 8998: 8678:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. 8311: 8123:, University of Nebraska Press, 2003. 7990:McMillion, Barry J. (March 8, 2022). 6112: 3546:American Center for Law & Justice 80:March 4, 1867 – May 16, 1881 9026:United States senators from New York 8958:U.S. Senator (Class 3) from New York 5467:Conkling was an active supporter of 5438:1880 Republican National Conventions 4884: 4649:. Conkling went so far as to reject 4304:, an unusual devotion for his time. 4235:. He was a leader of the Republican 3624:Parents Television and Media Council 2680:Project for the New American Century 2444:Conservative Party of New York State 8022:Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling 7918: 7765:Doenecke, Justus (4 October 2016). 6174:Rochester Views The Third Term 1880 5970: 5928: 5569:1880 Republican National Convention 5513:of Ohio, likely to block his rival 5504:1876 Republican National Convention 5295:appointed a commission, chaired by 3443:National Association for Gun Rights 13: 10654:American people of English descent 8718: 8495: 8432: 8230:Sullivan County Historical Society 6192: 6160: 6103:Roscoe Conkling ("Fatty") Arbuckle 5791:Relationship with President Arthur 5709: 5562: 5524:. The other candidates named were 5440:made him a presidential kingmaker. 4938:cost Blaine the presidency in 1884 3870:Society for American Civic Renewal 3860:Republican Main Street Partnership 3614:National Organization for Marriage 14: 10730: 10634:Politicians from Albany, New York 8751: 8182:O'Grady, Jim (January 27, 2015). 6038:stands in Madison Square Park in 6030:, near Conkling's Manhattan home. 5987:before collapsing. He contracted 5944:In the summer of 1868, Conkling, 5745: 5729:He was an active opponent of the 5688:clause in the Constitution. (See 5164:Power struggle with Reuben Fenton 5136:. Later on The house created the 4836:Joint Committee on Reconstruction 4717:The 37th Congress met amidst the 4712:Collector of the Port of New York 4705:In 1861, Conkling teamed up with 4633:beaten Charles Sumner unconscious 3629:Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America 3426:United States Chamber of Commerce 2650:Intercollegiate Studies Institute 2556:Alexis de Tocqueville Institution 10211: 9457: 9233: 8708:The New Student's Reference Work 8640: 8416: 8357: 8330: 8288: 8263: 8233: 8221: 8212: 8194: 8175: 8126: 8113: 8019:Conkling, Alfred Ronald (1889). 7938: 7700: 5897:Conkling had a reputation as a 5831: 5632: 5497: 5462: 5345: 5180:In 1869, upon the retirement of 5148: 5038:Conkling actively supported the 4948: 4893:Conkling began a long feud with 4744: 4170: 4156: 3783:National Association of Scholars 3619:National Right to Life Committee 3475:Council of Conservative Citizens 2591:Competitive Enterprise Institute 2576:Center for the National Interest 2204:The Closing of the American Mind 2164:The Conscience of a Conservative 452: 415: 8774:"Roscoe Conkling (id: C000681)" 8513:"Roscoe Conkling (id: C000681)" 8437: 7408: 7389: 7243: 7101:U.S. Senate Historical Office, 7095: 7071: 7042: 7006: 6997: 6591: 6349: 5737:Civil rights and Reconstruction 5457:assassination of James Garfield 5076:, opposing attempts by Senator 4442:to study law in the offices of 4376:, the Conkling family moved to 4115:Don't immanentize the eschaton! 4060:Bibliography of US conservatism 2601:Ethics and Public Policy Center 23:. For the New York lawyer, see 16:American politician (1829–1888) 10689:Politicians from New York City 8675:New International Encyclopedia 6198: 6166: 5874:in honor of their friendship. 5322:to replace Chester Arthur and 5080:to water down its provisions. 4272:Conkling's resignation in 1881 4087:List of American conservatives 3808:Texas Public Policy Foundation 3566:Christian Coalition of America 3502:Center for Immigration Studies 2393:Intelligence and public policy 2311:"Disparate impact" controversy 1: 10639:Lawyers from Albany, New York 8857:U.S. House of Representatives 8824:U.S. House of Representatives 8807:U.S. House of Representatives 8790:where his papers are located. 8787:Guide to Research Collections 8620:The Spoils System in New York 8337:Roberts, Sam (July 7, 2016). 8316:. Constable & Robertson. 7668:kensmind (November 3, 2021). 7405:, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1934. 6143: 5983:. Conkling made it as far as 5952:, and others traveled to the 5941:"having his person touched." 5878:Marriage and romantic affairs 5798:Arthur assumed the presidency 5753: 5697: 5517:from winning the nomination. 5012:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 5006:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 4975:, who was backed by Governor 4901:Conkling's long rivalry with 4807: 4584: 4514: 4492:in 1850. Almost immediately, 4307: 4251:and conflict with Presidents 2596:David Horowitz Freedom Center 2561:American Enterprise Institute 112:U.S. House of Representatives 47: 10704:Stalwarts (Republican Party) 8481:. Cornell University Press. 7676:. Presidential History Geeks 6099:Roscoe Conkling Ensign Brown 5194:Tenure of Office Act of 1867 4513:of a young Roscoe Conkling, 4367: 3915:Classical education movement 2896:The Imaginative Conservative 19:For the Missouri judge, see 7: 8587:Political Science Quarterly 8298:, "All Things Considered", 8240:Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). 7250:Dunkelman, Mark H. (2015). 6180:. Retrieved March 12, 2022. 6131: 5919:(October 12, 1909) stated: 5850:Antonio López de Santa Anna 5720:Frederick Augustus Conkling 5414:President Garfield was shot 5085:43rd United States Congress 5044:Annexation of Santo Domingo 4824:Committee on Ways and Means 4818:40th United States Congress 4814:39th United States Congress 4674:37th United States Congress 4595:36th United States Congress 4287:United States Supreme Court 4223:politician who represented 3738:Faith and Freedom Coalition 3728:Council for National Policy 3713:American Conservative Union 3701:Young Americans for Liberty 3551:American Family Association 3470:Concerned Women for America 2513:Rhode Island Suffrage Party 10: 10735: 8898:U.S. Senator from New York 8589:1984-1985 99(4): 703–716. 8547:Fry, James Barnet (1893). 8504:: Charles Scribner's Sons. 6119:What the Dead Leave Behind 6064:National Historic Landmark 5679:transcontinental telegraph 5566: 5501: 5363: 5349: 5152: 5046:. He became known as the " 5009: 4952: 4811: 4748: 4671: 4588: 4075:History of US conservatism 3893:Asian and Pacific Islander 3798:Republican Study Committee 3696:Young America's Foundation 3686:National Journalism Center 3534:Alliance Defending Freedom 3448:National Rifle Association 3268:The Washington Free Beacon 3184:Independent Journal Review 2760:New Hampshire Union Leader 2675:Pacific Research Institute 2571:Center for Security Policy 2471:Constitutional Union Party 2439:American Independent Party 18: 10669:Mayors of Utica, New York 10580: 10550: 10521: 10477: 10459: 10419: 10375: 10314: 10287: 10270: 10209: 9888: 9750: 9712: 9634: 9466: 9455: 9430:Commerce and Manufactures 9429: 9242: 9231: 9032: 8983: 8955: 8947: 8940: 8930: 8920: 8891: 8883: 8878: 8868: 8853: 8845: 8835: 8820: 8812: 8805: 8725:A. R. Conkling (editor), 8597:Fulltext: online in Jstor 8527:Scholarly topical studies 8473:Jordan, David M. (1971). 6026:A statute of Conkling in 6010: 5861:Thomas Babington Macaulay 5598:William O'Connell Bradley 5588:, a supporter of Senator 5262:New York Republican Party 5050:of the Administration." 4668:Second term and Civil War 4660:and against the proposed 4639:for its decisions in the 4483:New York Court of Appeals 4467:Thomas Babington Macaulay 4426:. Fellow Auburn resident 4312: 4276:Garfield was assassinated 3850:Pacific Justice Institute 3485:Independent Women's Forum 2854:Claremont Review of Books 2826:The American Conservative 2606:Family Research Institute 2523:National Republican Party 2124:The Managerial Revolution 423: 411: 395: 383: 375: 359: 344: 327: 307: 302: 298: 286: 276: 265: 257: 247: 235: 224: 217: 205: 193: 181: 170: 158: 145: 133: 122: 108: 96: 84: 73: 61: 57: 39: 32: 8879:Party political offices 8772:United States Congress. 8701:"Conkling, Roscoe" 8685:"Conkling, Roscoe" 8669:"Conkling, Roscoe" 8649:"Conkling, Alfred" 8546: 8511:United States Congress. 8409: 6126:Roscoe Conkling Arbuckle 6081:, Roscoe Conkling Oyer, 5672:Civil Rights Act of 1875 5405:resigned alongside him. 5266:Liberal Republican Party 5074:Civil Rights Act of 1875 4834:. He also served on the 4568:Mayor of Utica (1858–59) 4414:, Supreme Court Justice 4347:Suffolk County, New York 4177:United States portal 3974:Parental rights movement 3651:Franklin News Foundation 3596:Foundation for Moral Law 3416:National Taxpayers Union 3393:Americans for Tax Reform 3370:Sinclair Broadcast Group 3054:One America News Network 2326:Griggs v. Duke Power Co. 2224:The Revolt of the Elites 2094:Democracy and Leadership 432:This article is part of 405:Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr. 8691:Encyclopædia Britannica 8614:Shores, Venila Lovina. 7015:Legal Dictionary Online 6138:Seymour-Conkling family 6083:Roscoe Conkling Simmons 5956:, including a visit to 5276:Conkling and President 5118:Credit Mobilier scandal 4479:New York State Assembly 4456:man's inhumanity to man 4163:Conservatism portal 4065:Conservative talk radio 3954:Libertarian republicans 3763:John M. Olin Foundation 3723:The Conservative Caucus 3581:Family Research Council 3453:Second Amendment Caucus 2795:The Wall Street Journal 2621:The Heritage Foundation 2134:Ideas Have Consequences 773:America First Committee 557:American exceptionalism 8694:(11th ed.). 1911. 8364:Stevens, Dana (2022). 8202:"Roscoe Conkling Dead" 7422:, Vol.II, pp.1106-1142 6811:Muzzey, David Saville 6031: 5981:Great Blizzard of 1888 5965:New York Athletic Club 5926: 5887: 5817: 5681:to the Pacific Ocean. 5441: 5316:Theodore Roosevelt Sr. 5257: 5177: 5130:Union Pacific Railroad 4944:U.S. Senator (1868–81) 4898: 4730:Battle of Ball's Bluff 4702: 4520: 4434:Law and local politics 4339:Sir Alexander Cockburn 4326: 4245:New York Customs House 3634:Thomas More Law Center 3330:The Political Cesspool 3323:Million Dollar Extreme 2833:The American Spectator 2627:Mandate for Leadership 2581:Charles Koch Institute 2491:Conservative Democrats 2480:historically, factions 768:Conservative coalition 763:Conservative Manifesto 668:Peace through strength 643:Judeo-Christian values 10644:Seymour family (U.S.) 10560:Nominee: James Walker 8536:1970 52(4): 235–261. 8423:George William Curtis 8300:National Public Radio 7424:, Archon Books, 1968. 7415:Theodore Clarke Smith 6091:Roscoe Conkling Bruce 6087:Roscoe Conkling Giles 6025: 5921: 5885: 5872:Roscoe Conkling Bruce 5807: 5691:Stogner v. California 5431: 5424:Presidential politics 5309:George William Curtis 5301:New York Custom House 5299:, to investigate the 5252: 5171: 5114:, who was confirmed. 5108:George Henry Williams 4985:George William Curtis 4892: 4697: 4550:rapidly disintegrated 4509: 4372:At the suggestion of 4320: 4268:snivel service reform 4101:Barstool conservatism 3661:Media Research Center 3490:Log Cabin Republicans 3480:Gays Against Groomers 3438:Gun Owners of America 3128:Discover the Networks 2924:The National Interest 2774:The New York Observer 2715:Witherspoon Institute 2655:James Madison Program 2528:Native American Party 2333:Educational inflation 2264:Why Liberalism Failed 2234:The Death of the West 2194:A Conflict of Visions 2154:The Conservative Mind 1920:LaHaye (Beverly) 820:Republican Revolution 715:Supply-side economics 572:Christian nationalism 400:Frederick A. Conkling 63:United States Senator 25:Roscoe Seely Conkling 10594:Other 1876 elections 10589:Electoral Commission 8462:Chidsey, Donald Barr 7396:David Saville Muzzey 6062:in Utica was made a 6056:Roscoe Conkling Park 6048:Roscoe, South Dakota 6001:Forest Hill Cemetery 5763:Fourteenth Amendment 5577:of Pennsylvania and 5395:William H. Robertson 5391:Edwin Atkins Merritt 5336:Edwin Atkins Merritt 5272:Hayes administration 5034:Grant administration 4981:Andrew Dickson White 4879:Fourteenth Amendment 4838:, which drafted the 4428:William Henry Seward 4343:Salem, Massachusetts 4233:United States Senate 4008:Right-libertarianism 4003:Reactionary feminism 3788:Philadelphia Society 3680:Youth/student groups 3561:Chalcedon Foundation 3156:Front Porch Republic 2805:The Washington Times 2705:Sutherland Institute 2700:State Policy Network 2660:Leadership Institute 2338:Elite overproduction 2295:Demographic futures 2174:A Choice Not an Echo 2114:Our Enemy, the State 2084:Democracy in America 582:Classical liberalism 562:American nationalism 445:in the United States 349:Forest Hill Cemetery 10714:Radical Republicans 10432:Winfield S. Hancock 10427:Thomas A. Hendricks 10410:Thomas A. Hendricks 10297:Rutherford B. Hayes 9635:Interstate Commerce 8448:Conkling, Alfred R. 7967:The Washington Post 6910:, pp. 299–301. 6815:, pp.307-308 (1934) 6107:Roscoe C. Brown Jr. 6095:Roscoe C. McCulloch 6079:Roscoe C. Patterson 6028:Madison Square Park 5777:Stanford University 5704:temperance movement 5654:Positions and views 5522:Stewart L. Woodford 5511:Rutherford B. Hayes 5383:Thomas Lemuel James 5278:Rutherford B. Hayes 5089:Boston Fire of 1872 5055:Franco-Prussian War 4864:Samuel Shellabarger 4828:Rutherford B. Hayes 4601:Orsamus B. Matteson 4490:admitted to the bar 4253:Rutherford B. Hayes 4013:Paleolibertarianism 3944:Hispanic and Latino 3820:America First Legal 3666:O'Keefe Media Group 3591:Focus on the Family 3382:Other organizations 3275:The Western Journal 3261:Washington Examiner 3100:Conservative Review 3018:The Weekly Standard 3011:Washington Examiner 2903:Jewish World Review 2746:Dallas Morning News 2665:Manhattan Institute 2616:Heartland Institute 2611:Gatestone Institute 2586:Claremont Institute 2376:Illegal immigration 2304:Population collapse 2254:The Benedict Option 2144:God and Man at Yale 1161:Bush (George H. W.) 1146:Adams (John Quincy) 631:Gender essentialism 10567:Donald Kirkpatrick 10357:William A. Wheeler 10352:Elihu B. Washburne 10305:William A. Wheeler 8964:Served alongside: 8763:2015-09-25 at the 8734:2012-07-16 at the 8570:2012-07-16 at the 8561:Morgan, H. Wayne. 8271:"Roscoe Boulevard" 8206:The New York Times 8045:, pp. 306–07. 7862:, pp. 483–84. 7850:, pp. 451–52. 7814:, pp. 615–17. 7802:, pp. 613–14. 7637:, pp. 592–93. 7625:, pp. 586–87. 7598:, pp. 518–21. 7574:, pp. 506–07. 7550:, pp. 503–04. 7439:, pp. 308–12. 7386:, pp. 634–35. 7216:, pp. 340–43. 7201:, pp. 334–35. 7177:, pp. 329–30. 7129:, pp. 449–50. 6994:, pp. 453–54. 6982:, pp. 454–55. 6970:, pp. 432–33. 6895:, pp. 296–99. 6883:, pp. 292–95. 6868:, pp. 290–91. 6841:, pp. 285–86. 6561:, pp. 118–20. 6113:In popular culture 6032: 5916:The New York Times 5911:William Sprague IV 5903:Kate Chase Sprague 5888: 5818: 5660:Radical Republican 5639:Fifth Avenue Hotel 5549:William A. Wheeler 5442: 5320:L. Bradford Prince 5178: 5097:Alexander Caldwell 4907:special prosecutor 4899: 4866:and Chief Justice 4778:James S. Wadsworth 4719:American Civil War 4703: 4521: 4327: 4321:Conkling's father 4292:Conkling, who was 4122:Republicans pounce 3929:Dark Enlightenment 3835:Federalist Society 3773:Liberty University 3758:John Birch Society 3718:Bradley Foundation 3646:Econ Journal Watch 3421:Tea Party Patriots 3353:Regnery Publishing 3336:Passage Publishing 3149:FrontPage Magazine 2695:Rockford Institute 2690:R Street Institute 2640:Hoover Institution 2506:Southern Democrats 2466:Anti-Masonic Party 2449:Constitution Party 2104:I'll Take My Stand 2025:Schlafly (Phyllis) 825:Tea Party movement 783:Goldwater campaign 753:Southern Agrarians 705:Right to bear arms 658:Limited government 636:Complementarianism 338:New York, New York 46:Senator Conkling, 21:Roscoe P. Conkling 10611: 10610: 10576: 10575: 10541:Gideon T. Stewart 10523:Prohibition Party 10505:Other candidates: 10455: 10454: 10371: 10370: 10342:John F. Hartranft 10220: 10219: 9848: 9847: 9715:(1947–1977) 9637:(1887–1947) 9469:(1825–1947) 9432:(1816–1825) 9388: 9387: 8993: 8992: 8984:Succeeded by 8962:1867–1881 8931:Succeeded by 8921:Succeeded by 8869:Succeeded by 8836:Succeeded by 8747:Press, Inc. 1974. 8377:978-1-5011-3419-7 8302:, April 18, 2001. 8275:lastreetnames.com 8148:, pp. 66–67. 8119:Peg A. Lamphier, 8098:, pp. 13–14. 8057:, pp. 21–22. 7826:, p. 623–24. 7751:978-0-394-46095-6 7734:Reeves, Thomas C. 7267:978-0-8071-5967-5 6856:, pp. 85–89. 6777:, pp. 59–65. 6760:, pp. 63–65. 6729:, pp. 54–55. 6693:, pp. 52–53. 6681:, pp. 46–49. 6630:, pp. 39–43. 6576:, pp. 25–27. 6546:, pp. 21–23. 6529:, pp. 26–28. 6517:, pp. 80–83. 6505:, pp. 17–19. 6481:, pp. 16–19. 6424:, pp. 28–30. 6412:, pp. 58–59. 6388:, pp. 23–24. 6376:, pp. 11–13. 6319:, pp. 17–21. 6280:, pp. 11–14. 6206:"Roscoe Conkling" 6178:Rochester History 5810:Chester A. Arthur 5781:conspiracy theory 5731:Bland-Allison Act 5619:Chester A. Arthur 5586:James A. Garfield 5575:J. Donald Cameron 5453:Chester A. Arthur 5329:John Brown Gordon 5297:John Jay (lawyer) 5282:William M. Evarts 5244:Hamilton Ward Sr. 5182:William H. Seward 4885:Blaine-Fry affair 4832:James A. Garfield 4707:Chester A. Arthur 4699:Chester A. Arthur 4562:William L. Dayton 4475:Charles James Fox 4444:Joshua A. Spencer 4408:John Quincy Adams 4374:William H. Seward 4345:before moving to 4280:Chester A. Arthur 4257:James A. Garfield 4214: 4213: 3908:Reconstructionism 3793:Regent University 3753:Hillsdale College 3691:Turning Point USA 3459:Identity politics 3004:Southern Partisan 2980:The New Criterion 2799:(editorial board) 2351:Go woke, go broke 2343:Higher ed. bubble 2020:Schlafly (Andrew) 1955:Mercer (daughter) 1925:LaHaye (Tim) 793:Southern strategy 592:Constitutionalism 427: 426: 261:District Attorney 10726: 10461: 10460: 10442:Thomas F. Bayard 10420:Other candidates 10408:Vice President: 10402:Samuel J. Tilden 10390: 10389: 10378:Democratic Party 10362:Ulysses S. Grant 10332:Oliver P. Morton 10327:Benjamin Bristow 10315:Other candidates 10303:Vice President: 10285: 10284: 10273:Republican Party 10247: 10240: 10233: 10224: 10223: 10215: 9875: 9868: 9861: 9852: 9851: 9461: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9392: 9391: 9237: 9019: 9012: 9005: 8996: 8995: 8948:Preceded by 8884:Preceded by 8872:Alexander Bailey 8846:Preceded by 8816:Orsamus Matteson 8813:Preceded by 8803: 8802: 8783: 8714: 8712: 8703: 8695: 8687: 8679: 8671: 8659: 8651: 8579:Conkling, Roscoe 8554: 8522: 8505: 8492: 8480: 8469: 8457: 8426: 8420: 8404: 8403: 8397: 8389: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8309: 8303: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8267: 8261: 8260: 8248: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8179: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8016: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8002: 7996: 7987: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7958: 7945: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7922: 7916: 7910: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7743: 7730: 7719: 7718: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7665: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7614: 7608: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7524: 7518: 7512: 7506: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7434: 7425: 7412: 7406: 7393: 7387: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6761: 6755: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6595: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6562: 6556: 6547: 6541: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6356: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6320: 6314: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6181: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6072:Roscoe Boulevard 6044:Roscoe, New York 5971:Death and legacy 5935:physical culture 5929:Physical fitness 5846:William W. Eaton 5716:Legal Tender Act 5670:, including the 5534:Benjamin Bristow 5530:Oliver P. Morton 5469:Ulysses S. Grant 5446:Ulysses S. Grant 5209:Joseph S. Fowler 5040:Ulysses S. Grant 5000:Mines and Mining 4916:James Barnet Fry 4856:Thaddeus Stevens 4734:George McClellan 4662:Corwin Amendment 4646:Ableman v. Booth 4629:Thaddeus Stevens 4554:Republican Party 4519: 4516: 4404:Martin Van Buren 4378:Auburn, New York 4331:Albany, New York 4249:Ulysses S. Grant 4206: 4199: 4192: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4165: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4025:Neo-Confederates 3986:Patriot movement 3959:Militia movement 3778:Moms for Liberty 3675: 3610: 3556:The American TFP 3522:Three Percenters 3407: 3364:The Rubin Report 3023: 2992: 2973:The New Atlantis 2966:The New American 2938:Public Discourse 2917:National Affairs 2840:American Thinker 2819:American Affairs 2767:The Jewish Voice 2645:Hudson Institute 2566:American Compass 2518:Federalist Party 2501:Reagan Democrats 2476:Democratic Party 2454:Republican Party 2413:Managerial state 2291:Multiculturalism 2269: 2259: 2249: 2239: 2229: 2219: 2209: 2199: 2189: 2179: 2169: 2159: 2149: 2139: 2129: 2119: 2109: 2099: 2089: 1166:Bush (George W.) 1008:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 675:Moral absolutism 587:Communitarianism 456: 446: 429: 428: 419: 334: 321:Albany, New York 318:October 30, 1829 317: 315: 303:Personal details 293:Samuel B. Garvin 289: 282:Calvert Comstock 279: 270: 250: 238: 229: 213: 200:Alexander Bailey 196: 184: 175: 166: 148: 140:Orsamus Matteson 136: 127: 99: 87: 78: 52: 49: 44: 30: 29: 10734: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10723: 10649:Gardiner family 10614: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10572: 10546: 10517: 10479:Greenback Party 10473: 10451: 10415: 10381: 10367: 10347:Marshall Jewell 10337:Roscoe Conkling 10322:James G. Blaine 10310: 10276: 10266: 10251: 10221: 10216: 10207: 9884: 9879: 9849: 9844: 9752: 9746: 9714: 9708: 9636: 9630: 9468: 9462: 9453: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9389: 9384: 9238: 9229: 9028: 9023: 8989: 8987:Elbridge Lapham 8963: 8961: 8953: 8936: 8926: 8907: 8900: 8889: 8874: 8865: 8859: 8851: 8841: 8832: 8826: 8818: 8794:Roscoe Conkling 8765:Wayback Machine 8754: 8743:, March 2, 1882 8736:Wayback Machine 8721: 8719:Primary sources 8698: 8682: 8646: 8643: 8576:Peskin, Allan. 8572:Wayback Machine 8529: 8489: 8440: 8435: 8433:Further reading 8430: 8429: 8421: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8391: 8390: 8378: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8335: 8331: 8324: 8310: 8306: 8296:Roscoe Conkling 8294:Melissa Block, 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8257: 8246: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8217: 8213: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8190:. New York, NY. 8180: 8176: 8168: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8144: 8137: 8131: 8127: 8118: 8114: 8106: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8073: 8065: 8061: 8053: 8049: 8041: 8037: 8017: 8010: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7988: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7959: 7948: 7943: 7939: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7919: 7911: 7902: 7894: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7870: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7834: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7763: 7759: 7752: 7731: 7722: 7705: 7701: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7666: 7653: 7645: 7641: 7633: 7629: 7621: 7617: 7609: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7582: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7534: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7495: 7491: 7483: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7455: 7447: 7443: 7435: 7428: 7413: 7409: 7394: 7390: 7382: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7358: 7354: 7346: 7342: 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7310: 7306: 7298: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7248: 7244: 7236: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7212: 7205: 7197: 7193: 7185: 7181: 7173: 7169: 7161: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7137: 7133: 7125: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7100: 7096: 7087: 7085: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7063: 7061: 7047: 7043: 7035: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7013:Roscoe Conkling 7011: 7007: 7002: 6998: 6990: 6986: 6978: 6974: 6966: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6930: 6926: 6918: 6914: 6906: 6899: 6891: 6887: 6879: 6872: 6864: 6860: 6852: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6809: 6805: 6797: 6793: 6785: 6781: 6773: 6764: 6756: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6713: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6677: 6673: 6665: 6661: 6653: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6626: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6596: 6592: 6584: 6580: 6572: 6565: 6557: 6550: 6542: 6533: 6525: 6521: 6513: 6509: 6501: 6497: 6489: 6485: 6477: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6444: 6440: 6432: 6428: 6420: 6416: 6408: 6404: 6396: 6392: 6384: 6380: 6372: 6359: 6354: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6330: 6323: 6315: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6276: 6263: 6255: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6235:, pp. 2–8. 6231: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6191: 6184: 6171: 6167: 6159: 6150: 6146: 6134: 6115: 6052:Roscoe, Georgia 6013: 5973: 5954:Rocky Mountains 5931: 5907:Salmon P. Chase 5892:Horatio Seymour 5880: 5834: 5793: 5756: 5748: 5739: 5712: 5710:Monetary policy 5700: 5658:Conkling was a 5656: 5642:weak position. 5635: 5627:Marshall Jewell 5623:Elihu Washburne 5602:James G. Blaine 5571: 5565: 5563:1880 convention 5542:James G. Blaine 5526:Marshall Jewell 5515:James G. Blaine 5506: 5500: 5473:Horatio Seymour 5465: 5426: 5418:Charles Guiteau 5410:Elbridge Lapham 5403:Thomas C. Platt 5368: 5362: 5354: 5348: 5286:Thomas C. Platt 5274: 5248:New York County 5203:. Only Fenton, 5186:Edwin D. Morgan 5166: 5157: 5151: 5134:Credit Mobilier 5120: 5104:Salmon P. Chase 5036: 5014: 5008: 4957: 4951: 4946: 4911:provost marshal 4903:James G. Blaine 4895:James G. Blaine 4887: 4868:Salmon P. Chase 4848: 4820: 4810: 4769:Elihu Washburne 4765:Horatio Seymour 4753: 4747: 4684:Hannibal Hamlin 4680:Abraham Lincoln 4676: 4670: 4651:judicial review 4641:Dred Scott case 4617:Edwin D. Morgan 4613:P. Sheldon Root 4597: 4587: 4582: 4570: 4558:John C. Frémont 4541:Franklin Pierce 4517: 4436: 4370: 4335:Alfred Conkling 4315: 4310: 4217:Roscoe Conkling 4210: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4146: 4096:Colloquialisms 4080:Modern timeline 4050: 4042: 4041: 3979:Fathers' rights 3903:Christian right 3888: 3880: 3879: 3865:The Right Stuff 3673: 3671:Project Veritas 3640:Watchdog groups 3608: 3601:Liberty Counsel 3571:Christian Voice 3465:ACT for America 3405: 3398:Club for Growth 3383: 3375: 3374: 3300:Encounter Books 3021: 2990: 2952:Taki's Magazine 2931:National Review 2753:The Epoch Times 2739:Chicago Tribune 2728: 2720: 2719: 2670:Mises Institute 2551:Acton Institute 2546: 2538: 2537: 2426: 2418: 2417: 2397:Legal theories 2363:Woke capitalism 2321:DEI controversy 2316:CRT controversy 2281: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2257: 2247: 2244:Hillbilly Elegy 2237: 2227: 2217: 2207: 2197: 2187: 2177: 2167: 2157: 2147: 2137: 2127: 2117: 2107: 2097: 2087: 2078: 2070: 2069: 1950:Mercer (father) 1810: 1802: 1801: 1522: 1514: 1513: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1136: 1128: 1127: 838: 830: 829: 803:Reagan Doctrine 733: 725: 724: 695:Property rights 685:Ordered liberty 597:Culture of life 552: 544: 543: 464: 444: 442: 403: 390: 388:Alfred Conkling 367: 360:Political party 353:Utica, New York 351: 336: 332: 319: 313: 311: 287: 277: 271: 266: 248: 236: 230: 225: 194: 182: 176: 171: 154:(redistricting) 146: 134: 128: 123: 114: 110: 103:Elbridge Lapham 97: 85: 79: 74: 65: 53: 50: 35: 34:Roscoe Conkling 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10732: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10591: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10562: 10556: 10554: 10552:American Party 10548: 10547: 10545: 10544: 10536: 10533:Green C. Smith 10527: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10515: 10510: 10501: 10500: 10497:Samuel F. Cary 10492: 10483: 10481: 10475: 10474: 10457: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10413: 10405: 10396: 10394: 10387: 10373: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10300: 10291: 10289: 10282: 10268: 10267: 10250: 10249: 10242: 10235: 10227: 10218: 10217: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9878: 9877: 9870: 9863: 9855: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9756: 9754: 9753:(1977–present) 9748: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9718: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9640: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9472: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9435: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9421:Chairs of the 9418: 9417: 9410: 9403: 9395: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9029: 9022: 9021: 9014: 9007: 8999: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8982: 8975:Francis Kernan 8954: 8949: 8945: 8944: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8928: 8927: 8924:Chauncey Depew 8922: 8919: 8890: 8885: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8867: 8855:Member of the 8852: 8849:Francis Kernan 8847: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8834: 8822:Member of the 8819: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8801: 8800: 8791: 8768: 8767: 8753: 8752:External links 8750: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8738: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8696: 8680: 8660: 8642: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8623: 8612: 8601: 8598: 8583: 8574: 8558: 8555: 8544: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8508: 8506: 8493: 8487: 8470: 8458: 8444: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8376: 8356: 8343:New York Times 8329: 8323:978-0786715688 8322: 8304: 8287: 8262: 8255: 8232: 8220: 8211: 8193: 8174: 8172:, p. 288. 8162: 8160:, p. 310. 8150: 8135: 8125: 8112: 8100: 8088: 8071: 8059: 8047: 8035: 8008: 7979: 7946: 7937: 7917: 7915:, p. 583. 7900: 7898:, p. 567. 7888: 7886:, p. 496. 7876: 7874:, p. 152. 7864: 7852: 7840: 7838:, p. 626. 7828: 7816: 7804: 7792: 7790:, p. 612. 7780: 7757: 7750: 7720: 7699: 7697:, p. 605. 7687: 7651: 7649:, p. 596. 7639: 7627: 7615: 7613:, p. 528. 7600: 7588: 7586:, p. 511. 7576: 7564: 7562:, p. 501. 7552: 7540: 7538:, p. 499. 7525: 7523:, p. 498. 7513: 7511:, p. 495. 7501: 7499:, p. 451. 7489: 7487:, p. 444. 7477: 7475:, p. 443. 7465: 7463:, p. 436. 7453: 7451:, p. 348. 7441: 7426: 7407: 7388: 7376: 7374:, p. 632. 7364: 7362:, p. 574. 7352: 7350:, p. 557. 7340: 7338:, p. 561. 7328: 7326:, p. 556. 7316: 7314:, p. 555. 7304: 7302:, p. 538. 7292: 7290:, p. 529. 7280: 7266: 7260:. p. 94. 7242: 7240:, p. 347. 7230: 7228:, p. 344. 7218: 7203: 7191: 7189:, p. 331. 7179: 7167: 7165:, p. 326. 7155: 7153:, p. 318. 7143: 7141:, p. 317. 7131: 7119: 7117:, p. 333. 7107: 7094: 7083:www.senate.gov 7070: 7041: 7039:, p. 463. 7029: 7027:, p. 461. 7017: 7005: 6996: 6984: 6972: 6960: 6958:, p. 323. 6948: 6946:, p. 426. 6936: 6934:, p. 327. 6924: 6922:, p. 332. 6912: 6897: 6885: 6870: 6858: 6843: 6831: 6829:, p. 281. 6819: 6803: 6791: 6779: 6762: 6743: 6731: 6719: 6707: 6705:, p. 196. 6695: 6683: 6671: 6669:, p. 185. 6659: 6657:, p. 176. 6644: 6632: 6615: 6613:, p. 135. 6603: 6590: 6578: 6563: 6548: 6531: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6483: 6462: 6450: 6438: 6426: 6414: 6402: 6390: 6378: 6357: 6348: 6346:, p. 363. 6336: 6321: 6306: 6294: 6282: 6261: 6259:, p. 360. 6249: 6237: 6222: 6197: 6195:, p. 347. 6182: 6165: 6163:, p. 346. 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6133: 6130: 6114: 6111: 6017:Chauncey Depew 6012: 6009: 5991:and developed 5972: 5969: 5930: 5927: 5905:, daughter of 5879: 5876: 5842:Daniel Webster 5833: 5830: 5792: 5789: 5755: 5752: 5747: 5746:Women's rights 5744: 5738: 5735: 5711: 5708: 5699: 5696: 5668:Reconstruction 5655: 5652: 5634: 5631: 5615:Levi P. Morton 5567:Main article: 5564: 5561: 5538:John Hartranft 5502:Main article: 5499: 5496: 5491:Horace Greeley 5480:Charles Sumner 5464: 5461: 5425: 5422: 5387:Levi P. Morton 5372:James Garfield 5370:Shortly after 5361: 5358: 5350:Main article: 5347: 5344: 5324:Alonzo Cornell 5273: 5270: 5236:Horace Greeley 5232:Alonzo Cornell 5205:Charles Sumner 5165: 5162: 5153:Main article: 5150: 5147: 5143:Lot M. Morrill 5119: 5116: 5112:Morrison Waite 5093:bankruptcy law 5063:Charles Sumner 5035: 5032: 5018:Andrew Johnson 5010:Main article: 5007: 5004: 4992:Appropriations 4953:Main article: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4886: 4883: 4860:Charles Sumner 4847: 4844: 4809: 4806: 4789:Horace Greeley 4761:Francis Kernan 4746: 4743: 4669: 4666: 4658:Morrill Tariff 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4569: 4566: 4537:Winfield Scott 4448:Francis Kernan 4435: 4432: 4416:Smith Thompson 4369: 4366: 4359:William Roscoe 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4166: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3900: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3825:ConservAmerica 3822: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3743:Freedom Caucus 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3677: 3676: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3656:Judicial Watch 3653: 3648: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606:Moral Majority 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586:The Fellowship 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3400: 3395: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3286: 3285: 3278: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3163:Gateway Pundit 3159: 3152: 3145: 3142:The Federalist 3138: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3103: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3079:Breitbart News 3075: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3025: 3024: 3014: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2962: 2955: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2809: 2808: 2801: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2770: 2763: 2756: 2749: 2742: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2710:Tax Foundation 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2473: 2468: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2434:American Party 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2373: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2359: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2260: 2250: 2240: 2230: 2220: 2214:The Bell Curve 2210: 2200: 2190: 2180: 2170: 2160: 2150: 2140: 2130: 2120: 2110: 2100: 2090: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1351:Taft (William) 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 839: 836: 835: 832: 831: 828: 827: 822: 817: 812: 811: 810: 805: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 723: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 671: 670: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 639: 638: 628: 627: 626: 624:States' rights 616: 611: 606: 605: 604: 594: 589: 584: 579: 577:Civil religion 574: 569: 567:Anti-communism 564: 559: 553: 550: 549: 546: 545: 542: 541: 539:Traditionalist 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 449: 448: 438: 437: 425: 424: 421: 420: 413: 409: 408: 397: 393: 392: 391:Eliza Cockburn 385: 381: 380: 377: 373: 372: 361: 357: 356: 346: 342: 341: 335:(aged 58) 331:April 18, 1888 329: 325: 324: 309: 305: 304: 300: 299: 296: 295: 290: 284: 283: 280: 274: 273: 263: 262: 255: 254: 253:Charles Wilson 251: 245: 244: 242:Alrick Hubbell 239: 233: 232: 222: 221: 219:Mayor of Utica 215: 214: 207: 203: 202: 197: 191: 190: 188:Francis Kernan 185: 179: 178: 168: 167: 160: 156: 155: 152:Francis Kernan 149: 143: 142: 137: 131: 130: 120: 119: 106: 105: 100: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 71: 70: 59: 58: 55: 54: 51: 1866-68 45: 37: 36: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10731: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10579: 10569: 10568: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10553: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10537: 10535: 10534: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10520: 10514: 10513:William Allen 10511: 10509: 10508:Andrew Curtin 10506: 10503: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10476: 10471: 10467: 10462: 10458: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10437:William Allen 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10412: 10411: 10406: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10391: 10388: 10385: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10286: 10283: 10280: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10248: 10243: 10241: 10236: 10234: 10229: 10228: 10225: 10214: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9890: 9887: 9883: 9876: 9871: 9869: 9864: 9862: 9857: 9856: 9853: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9749: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9711: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9633: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9465: 9460: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9428: 9424: 9416: 9411: 9409: 9404: 9402: 9397: 9396: 9393: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9236: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9020: 9015: 9013: 9008: 9006: 9001: 9000: 8997: 8988: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8971:Reuben Fenton 8968: 8960: 8959: 8952: 8946: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8929: 8925: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8904: 8899: 8895: 8888: 8882: 8877: 8873: 8864: 8863: 8858: 8850: 8844: 8840: 8839:Ambrose Clark 8831: 8830: 8825: 8817: 8811: 8808: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8769: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8756: 8755: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8723: 8722: 8711: 8709: 8702: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8686: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8670: 8665: 8664:Gilman, D. C. 8661: 8657: 8656: 8650: 8645: 8644: 8641:Encyclopedias 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8610: 8609:0-394-46095-2 8606: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8559: 8556: 8552: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8530: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8479: 8478: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8424: 8419: 8415: 8401: 8395: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8360: 8345:. p. A17 8344: 8340: 8333: 8325: 8319: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8280:September 11, 8276: 8272: 8266: 8258: 8256:0-915430-00-2 8252: 8245: 8244: 8236: 8229: 8224: 8215: 8207: 8203: 8197: 8189: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8170:A.R. Conkling 8166: 8159: 8158:A.R. Conkling 8154: 8147: 8146:A.R. Conkling 8142: 8140: 8129: 8122: 8116: 8110:, p. 52. 8109: 8104: 8097: 8092: 8086:, p. 37. 8085: 8084:A.R. Conkling 8080: 8078: 8076: 8069:, p. 31. 8068: 8067:A.R. Conkling 8063: 8056: 8055:A.R. Conkling 8051: 8044: 8043:A.R. Conkling 8039: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8023: 8015: 8013: 7993: 7986: 7984: 7968: 7964: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7941: 7927: 7921: 7914: 7913:A.R. Conkling 7909: 7907: 7905: 7897: 7896:A.R. Conkling 7892: 7885: 7884:A.R. Conkling 7880: 7873: 7872:A.R. Conkling 7868: 7861: 7860:A.R. Conkling 7856: 7849: 7848:A.R. Conkling 7844: 7837: 7836:A.R. Conkling 7832: 7825: 7824:A.R. Conkling 7820: 7813: 7812:A.R. Conkling 7808: 7801: 7800:A.R. Conkling 7796: 7789: 7788:A.R. Conkling 7784: 7768: 7761: 7753: 7747: 7742: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7703: 7696: 7695:A.R. Conkling 7691: 7675: 7671: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7648: 7647:A.R. Conkling 7643: 7636: 7635:A.R. Conkling 7631: 7624: 7623:A.R. Conkling 7619: 7612: 7611:A.R. Conkling 7607: 7605: 7597: 7596:A.R. Conkling 7592: 7585: 7584:A.R. Conkling 7580: 7573: 7572:A.R. Conkling 7568: 7561: 7560:A.R. Conkling 7556: 7549: 7548:A.R. Conkling 7544: 7537: 7536:A.R. Conkling 7532: 7530: 7522: 7521:A.R. Conkling 7517: 7510: 7509:A.R. Conkling 7505: 7498: 7497:A.R. Conkling 7493: 7486: 7485:A.R. Conkling 7481: 7474: 7473:A.R. Conkling 7469: 7462: 7461:A.R. Conkling 7457: 7450: 7449:A.R. Conkling 7445: 7438: 7437:A.R. Conkling 7433: 7431: 7423: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7404: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7385: 7384:A.R. Conkling 7380: 7373: 7372:A.R. Conkling 7368: 7361: 7360:A.R. Conkling 7356: 7349: 7348:A.R. Conkling 7344: 7337: 7336:A.R. Conkling 7332: 7325: 7324:A.R. Conkling 7320: 7313: 7312:A.R. Conkling 7308: 7301: 7300:A.R. Conkling 7296: 7289: 7288:A.R. Conkling 7284: 7269: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7246: 7239: 7238:A.R. Conkling 7234: 7227: 7226:A.R. Conkling 7222: 7215: 7214:A.R. Conkling 7210: 7208: 7200: 7199:A.R. Conkling 7195: 7188: 7187:A.R. Conkling 7183: 7176: 7175:A.R. Conkling 7171: 7164: 7163:A.R. Conkling 7159: 7152: 7151:A.R. Conkling 7147: 7140: 7139:A.R. Conkling 7135: 7128: 7127:A.R. Conkling 7123: 7116: 7115:A.R. Conkling 7111: 7104: 7098: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7037:A.R. Conkling 7033: 7026: 7025:A.R. Conkling 7021: 7014: 7009: 7000: 6993: 6992:A.R. Conkling 6988: 6981: 6980:A.R. Conkling 6976: 6969: 6968:A.R. Conkling 6964: 6957: 6956:A.R. Conkling 6952: 6945: 6944:A.R. Conkling 6940: 6933: 6932:A.R. Conkling 6928: 6921: 6920:A.R. Conkling 6916: 6909: 6908:A.R. Conkling 6904: 6902: 6894: 6893:A.R. Conkling 6889: 6882: 6881:A.R. Conkling 6877: 6875: 6867: 6866:A.R. Conkling 6862: 6855: 6850: 6848: 6840: 6839:A.R. Conkling 6835: 6828: 6827:A.R. Conkling 6823: 6816: 6814: 6807: 6801:, p. 80. 6800: 6795: 6789:, p. 73. 6788: 6783: 6776: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6741:, p. 58. 6740: 6735: 6728: 6723: 6717:, p. 54. 6716: 6711: 6704: 6703:A.R. Conkling 6699: 6692: 6687: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6667:A.R. Conkling 6663: 6656: 6655:A.R. Conkling 6651: 6649: 6642:, p. 50. 6641: 6636: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6612: 6611:A.R. Conkling 6607: 6600: 6594: 6588:, p. 34. 6587: 6582: 6575: 6570: 6568: 6560: 6559:A.R. Conkling 6555: 6553: 6545: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6528: 6523: 6516: 6515:A.R. Conkling 6511: 6504: 6499: 6493:, p. 71. 6492: 6491:A.R. Conkling 6487: 6480: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6460:, p. 61. 6459: 6458:A.R. Conkling 6454: 6448:, p. 57. 6447: 6446:A.R. Conkling 6442: 6436:, p. 47. 6435: 6434:A.R. Conkling 6430: 6423: 6422:A.R. Conkling 6418: 6411: 6410:A.R. Conkling 6406: 6400:, p. 54. 6399: 6398:A.R. Conkling 6394: 6387: 6386:A.R. Conkling 6382: 6375: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6352: 6345: 6344:A.R. Conkling 6340: 6333: 6328: 6326: 6318: 6317:A.R. Conkling 6313: 6311: 6303: 6298: 6291: 6286: 6279: 6278:A.R. Conkling 6274: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6258: 6257:A.R. Conkling 6253: 6246: 6241: 6234: 6233:A.R. Conkling 6229: 6227: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6189: 6187: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6162: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6148: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6129: 6127: 6122: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6040:New York City 6037: 6036:statue of him 6029: 6024: 6020: 6018: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5950:Samuel Hooper 5947: 5946:Louis Agassiz 5942: 5938: 5936: 5925: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5893: 5884: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5868:Blanche Bruce 5864: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5832:Personal life 5829: 5825: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5751: 5743: 5734: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5686:ex post facto 5682: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5633:1880 campaign 5630: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5580: 5579:John A. Logan 5576: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5557:Samuel Tilden 5552: 5550: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5498:1876 campaign 5495: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5463:1868 and 1872 5460: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5421: 5419: 5416:on July 2 by 5415: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5357: 5353: 5346:1879 election 5343: 5341: 5340:Silas W. Burt 5337: 5332: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5213:Oliver Morton 5210: 5206: 5202: 5201:Thomas Murphy 5197: 5195: 5191: 5190:Reuben Fenton 5187: 5183: 5175: 5174:Reuben Fenton 5170: 5161: 5156: 5149:1873 election 5146: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5078:Allen Thurman 5075: 5071: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5025:Edwin Stanton 5021: 5019: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4996:the Judiciary 4993: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4977:Reuben Fenton 4974: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4949:1867 election 4941: 4939: 4933: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4891: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4780:, in Oneida. 4779: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4745:Out of office 4742: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4713: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4592: 4577: 4574: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4546:Ogden Hoffman 4542: 4539:, denouncing 4538: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4512: 4511:Daguerreotype 4508: 4504: 4502: 4501:Oneida County 4498: 4497:Hamilton Fish 4495: 4491: 4488:Conkling was 4486: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4390: 4389:New York City 4385: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4351:Mohawk Valley 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4324: 4319: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4296:and detested 4295: 4290: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4207: 4202: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4178: 4167: 4164: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108:Cuckservative 4105: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3998:Radical right 3996: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3707:Miscellaneous 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3388: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3305:Evie Magazine 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3282:WorldNetDaily 3279: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3135:Drudge Report 3132: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3093:Campus Reform 3090: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2997:Spectator USA 2994: 2989: 2988: 2987:Policy Review 2984: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2788:The Spotlight 2785: 2783: 2782: 2781:New York Post 2778: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2685:Ripon Society 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2386:Border crisis 2384: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371:Homeschooling 2369: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2185: 2184:Losing Ground 2181: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1945:Mellon Scaife 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1346:Taft (Robert) 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 840: 837:Intellectuals 834: 833: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 809: 806: 804: 801: 800: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 729: 728: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 700:Republicanism 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 669: 666: 665: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 653:Law and order 651: 649: 648:Individualism 646: 644: 641: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 625: 622: 621: 620: 617: 615: 614:Family values 612: 610: 607: 603: 600: 599: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 554: 548: 547: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 469:Compassionate 467: 466: 460: 459: 455: 451: 450: 447: 440: 439: 435: 431: 430: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 398: 394: 389: 386: 382: 379:Julia Seymour 378: 374: 370: 366:(before 1854) 365: 362: 358: 354: 350: 347: 345:Resting place 343: 339: 330: 326: 322: 310: 306: 301: 297: 294: 291: 285: 281: 275: 269: 264: 260: 259:Oneida County 256: 252: 246: 243: 240: 234: 228: 223: 220: 216: 212: 211:21st district 208: 204: 201: 198: 192: 189: 186: 180: 174: 169: 165: 164:20th district 161: 157: 153: 150: 144: 141: 138: 132: 126: 121: 118: 113: 109:Member of the 107: 104: 101: 95: 92: 89: 83: 77: 72: 69: 64: 60: 56: 43: 38: 31: 26: 22: 10593: 10584: 10565:VP nominee: 10564: 10559: 10539:VP nominee: 10538: 10530: 10504: 10495:VP nominee: 10494: 10489:Peter Cooper 10486: 10407: 10399: 10376: 10336: 10302: 10294: 10271: 10263:1880 → 10255:← 1872 10058:Starkweather 10032: 9555: 9506:Goldsborough 9319: 8979:Thomas Platt 8967:Edwin Morgan 8965: 8956: 8934:Thomas Platt 8896:nominee for 8892: 8854: 8821: 8798:Find a Grave 8785: 8777: 8740: 8726: 8707: 8689: 8673: 8653: 8626: 8619: 8615: 8586: 8578: 8562: 8549: 8533: 8516: 8497: 8476: 8465: 8452: 8438:Biographical 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In 4440:Utica 3939:Green 3898:Black 3845:Gettr 3814:Other 3289:Other 2959:Telos 2727:Media 2040:Thiel 2030:Stone 1975:Owens 1850:Coors 1782:Walsh 1737:Owens 1727:Novak 1722:North 1687:Levin 1657:Jones 1617:Grant 1602:Elder 1394:Alito 1366:Vance 1361:Trump 1321:Rubio 1296:Pence 1281:Palin 1276:Nixon 1251:Lodge 1236:Helms 1123:Wolfe 1073:Rieff 1048:Meyer 1028:Loury 1013:Lasch 973:Jaffa 963:Hoppe 933:Eliot 883:Bloom 848:Anton 843:Adams 115:from 66:from 10468:and 10257:) 10143:Reed 10083:Neal 10063:Hale 10053:Cook 10018:Dodd 9993:Inge 9928:Kent 9913:Kent 9898:Love 9699:Dill 9586:Frye 9576:Frye 9546:Clay 9516:King 9496:King 9345:Root 9335:Hill 9190:Ives 9185:Mead 9120:Fish 9045:Burr 8917:1879 8913:1873 8909:1867 8631:ISSN 8605:ISBN 8591:ISSN 8538:ISSN 8483:ISBN 8400:link 8382:OCLC 8372:ISBN 8351:2016 8318:ISBN 8282:2024 8251:ISBN 8003:2022 7974:2022 7775:2018 7746:ISBN 7682:2023 7275:2019 7262:ISBN 7055:ISSN 6217:2014 6210:NNDB 6101:and 6054:and 5436:and 5434:1876 5338:and 5318:and 5132:and 4830:and 4816:and 4757:Rome 4682:and 4643:and 4593:and 4560:and 4533:1852 4529:Whig 4446:and 4406:and 4255:and 4129:RINO 3949:LGBT 3733:CPAC 3358:RSBN 3226:Rare 2065:Wood 2010:Rufo 2005:Rove 1990:Reed 1980:Park 1910:Kirk 1855:Dans 1845:Cohn 1792:Will 1747:Pool 1667:Kirk 1637:Hart 1532:Beck 1499:Taft 1414:Carl 1404:Bork 1331:Ryan 1256:Luce 1196:Cruz 1181:Clay 1118:Weyl 1018:Lind 988:Kirk 868:Bell 504:Neo- 364:Whig 328:Died 308:Born 9531:Dix 9305:Dix 8796:at 8027:677 6070:'s 6003:in 5219:of 4858:or 4333:to 4263:. 3840:Gab 3059:VOZ 3034:CBN 2357:ESG 1935:Leo 1717:Ngo 10620:: 10596:: 10587:: 8977:, 8973:, 8969:, 8915:, 8911:, 8905:) 8776:. 8704:. 8688:. 8672:. 8652:. 8611:). 8515:. 8500:. 8396:}} 8392:{{ 8380:. 8341:. 8273:. 8204:. 8186:. 8138:^ 8133:18 8074:^ 8029:. 8011:^ 7982:^ 7965:. 7949:^ 7903:^ 7723:^ 7672:. 7654:^ 7603:^ 7528:^ 7429:^ 7417:, 7398:, 7256:. 7206:^ 7081:. 7053:. 6900:^ 6873:^ 6846:^ 6765:^ 6746:^ 6647:^ 6618:^ 6566:^ 6551:^ 6534:^ 6465:^ 6360:^ 6324:^ 6309:^ 6264:^ 6225:^ 6208:. 6185:^ 6151:^ 6121:. 6097:, 6093:, 6089:, 6085:, 6046:, 6034:A 6007:. 5967:. 5960:. 5948:, 5863:. 5844:, 5840:, 5694:) 5674:. 5629:. 5544:. 5536:, 5532:, 5528:, 5475:. 5459:. 5242:. 4994:, 4968:. 4619:. 4608:. 4564:. 4515:c. 4485:. 4469:, 4418:, 2482:) 436:on 48:c. 10386:) 10382:( 10281:) 10277:( 10265:) 10261:( 10253:( 10246:e 10239:t 10232:v 9874:e 9867:t 9860:v 9414:e 9407:t 9400:v 9018:e 9011:t 9004:v 8901:( 8782:. 8521:. 8491:. 8402:) 8388:. 8353:. 8326:. 8284:. 8259:. 8005:. 7976:. 7934:. 7777:. 7754:. 7717:. 7684:. 7277:. 7091:. 7067:. 6817:. 6601:. 6219:. 4205:e 4198:t 4191:v 4141:" 4134:" 4117:" 4113:" 4110:" 4106:" 4103:" 4099:" 2478:( 2365:" 2361:" 316:) 312:( 27:.

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