3094:. Array-based strings have smaller overhead, so (for example) concatenation and split operations are faster on small datasets. However, when array-based strings are used for longer strings, time complexity and memory use for inserting and deleting characters becomes unacceptably large. In contrast, a rope data structure has stable performance regardless of data size. Further, the space complexity for ropes and arrays are both O(n). In summary, ropes are preferable when the data is large and modified often.
20:
1774:
1949:
1555:
3141:
1765:) and go to the right child (D). Then because 6 is greater than 1 and there's a left child, go to the left child (G). 2 is greater than 1 and there's a left child, so go to the left child again (J). Finally 2 is greater than 1 but there is no left child, so the character at index 1 of the short string "na" (ie "n") is the answer. (1-based index)
3075:
Greater overall space use when not being operated on, mainly to store parent nodes. There is a trade-off between how much of the total memory is such overhead and how long pieces of data are being processed as strings. The strings in example figures above are unrealistically short for modern
71:. A node with two children thus divides the whole string into two parts: the left subtree stores the first part of the string, the right subtree stores the second part of the string, and a node's weight is the length of the first part.
1761:
in Figure 2.1 shown on the right, start at the root node (A), find that 22 is greater than 10 and there is a left child, so go to the left child (B). 9 is less than 10, so subtract 9 from 10 (leaving
2088:
The second case reduces to the first by splitting the string at the split point to create two new leaf nodes, then creating a new node that is the parent of the two component strings.
2833:
3276:
2592:
2070:
1933:
1875:
1612:
1325:
1836:
2091:
For example, to split the 22-character rope pictured in Figure 2.3 into two equal component ropes of length 11, query the 12th character to locate the node
51:
program may use a rope to represent the text being edited, so that operations such as insertion, deletion, and random access can be done efficiently.
3368:
3701:
3120:, a data structure commonly used in text editors that allows efficient insertion and deletion operations clustered near the same location
3596:
3050:
Ropes enable much faster insertion and deletion of text than monolithic string arrays, on which operations have time complexity O(n).
3635:
3209:
3561:
3151:
3181:
3566:
91:
2115:. Travel up the tree and remove any right links to subtrees covering characters past position 11, subtracting the weight of
3571:
3188:
2616:-th character respectively, which extracts the string to delete in a separate node. Then concatenate the other two nodes.
3293:
3782:
3556:
3650:
3591:
3463:
3195:
3498:
3335:
3818:
3339:
3177:
3678:
3349:
3166:
3409:
3683:
3538:
3427:
3382:
3104:
3762:
3488:
3436:
1940:
As most rope operations require balanced trees, the tree may need to be re-balanced after concatenation.
3767:
3645:
3612:
3548:
3391:
3325:
3777:
3673:
3617:
3518:
3472:
3060:
2146:
As most rope operations require balanced trees, the tree may need to be re-balanced after splitting.
83:
44:
3053:
Ropes do not require O(n) extra memory when operated upon (arrays need that for copying operations).
3772:
3576:
3508:
3249:
3721:
3202:
2797:
67:), and each node further up the tree holds the sum of the lengths of all the leaves in its left
47:
that is used to efficiently store and manipulate longer strings or entire texts. For example, a
3405:
3162:
2562:
2040:
1903:
1891:, which is constant time. The weight of the parent node is set to the length of the left child
1845:
1582:
1295:
3813:
3668:
3528:
3456:
126:. Traverse down the left-most spine of the tree until you reach a leaf l', adding each node
3533:
3076:
architectures. The overhead is always O(n), but the constant can be made arbitrarily small.
28:
1812:
8:
3731:
2081:
The split point is at the end of a string (i.e. after the last character of a leaf node)
3660:
3627:
2910:
87:
3792:
3111:
3414:
3158:
3787:
3757:
3711:
3513:
3449:
3268:
3063:. For the text editing program example, this leads to an easy support for multiple
75:
3640:
3581:
3493:
3693:
3586:
40:
3807:
3503:
3480:
3301:
79:
3331:"C cords" implementation of ropes within the Boehm Garbage Collector library
74:
For rope operations, the strings stored in nodes are assumed to be constant
3706:
3523:
3378:
3272:
48:
142:) is at the top of the stack. Repeat the procedure for p's right subtree.
3716:
3358:
3123:
1883:
A concatenation can be performed simply by creating a new root node with
60:
3396:
63:
where each leaf (end node) holds a string and a length (also known as a
3387:
3117:
3107:
programming environment, which used ropes "almost since its inception"
19:
3423:
3418:
1773:
1624:
3373:
3354:
3140:
1948:
1554:
3330:
3059:
If only nondestructive versions of operations are used, rope is a
3752:
3345:
3267:(12). New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: 1315â1330.
3247:
106:
is the length of the rope, that is, the weight of the root node.
68:
90:
attached for deallocation when no longer needed, although other
3248:
Boehm, Hans-J; Atkinson, Russ; Plass, Michael (December 1995).
3363:
3326:"absl::Cord" implementation of ropes within The Abseil library
23:
A simple rope built on the string of "Hello_my_name_is_Simon".
3400:
1777:
Figure 2.2: Concatenating two child ropes into a single rope.
2127:, in this case). Finally, build up the newly orphaned nodes
3736:
3064:
3441:
3432:
3254:
3082:
Increased complexity of source code; greater risk of bugs
2135:
by concatenating them together and creating a new parent
3126:, another data structure commonly used in text editors
2608:
operation. First, split the rope in three, divided by
78:
in the typical nondestructive case, allowing for some
3090:
traits of string and rope implementations, not their
2800:
2565:
2043:
1906:
1848:
1815:
1585:
1298:
3056:
Ropes do not require large contiguous memory spaces.
2924:
2827:
2586:
2064:
1927:
1869:
1830:
1606:
1319:
2139:with weight equal to the length of the left node
3805:
82:behavior. Leaf nodes are usually implemented as
3114:, a similar data structure from the early 1970s
1558:Figure 2.1: Example of index lookup on a rope.
1341:operations. The cost is the sum of the three.
3457:
2095:at the bottom level. Remove the link between
2084:The split point is in the middle of a string.
2077:There are two cases that must be dealt with:
3167:introducing citations to additional sources
3079:Increase in time to manage the extra storage
3464:
3450:
3636:Comparison of regular-expression engines
3157:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1947:
1772:
1553:
622:and rebuild the tree from the bottom-up.
18:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3806:
1757:For example, to find the character at
3597:ZhuâTakaoka string matching algorithm
3445:
1952:Figure 2.3: Splitting a rope in half.
3288:
3286:
3232:
3134:
3562:BoyerâMoore string-search algorithm
3004:O(1) amortized, O(log n) worst case
2971:O(1) amortized, O(log n) worst case
2119:from their parent nodes (only node
1569:: return the character at position
13:
3250:"Ropes: an Alternative to Strings"
2600:This operation can be done by two
16:Data structure for storing strings
14:
3830:
3651:Nondeterministic finite automaton
3592:Two-way string-matching algorithm
3319:
3283:
3261:Software: Practice and Experience
2925:Comparison with monolithic arrays
109:
3279:from the original on 2020-03-08.
3150:relies largely or entirely on a
3139:
3007:O(1) amortized, O(n) worst case
1879:time to compute the root weight)
1333:This operation can be done by a
3336:SGI C++ specification for ropes
2875:
1937:time, if the tree is balanced.
1762:
1758:
3567:BoyerâMooreâHorspool algorithm
3557:ApostolicoâGiancarlo algorithm
3294:"Rope Implementation Overview"
2822:
2804:
2581:
2569:
2059:
2047:
1922:
1910:
1864:
1852:
1825:
1819:
1601:
1589:
1314:
1302:
102:In the following definitions,
54:
1:
3130:
97:
94:methods can be used as well.
3572:KnuthâMorrisâPratt algorithm
3499:DamerauâLevenshtein distance
3032:
3021:
3010:
2999:
2988:
2979:Iterate over each character
2977:
2966:
2955:
2944:
609:
7:
3763:Compressed pattern matching
3489:Approximate string matching
3471:
3097:
2828:{\displaystyle O(j+\log N)}
2107:and subtract the weight of
1627:search from the root node:
10:
3835:
3768:Longest common subsequence
3679:NeedlemanâWunsch algorithm
3549:String-searching algorithm
3369:String-Like Ropes for Java
3338:(supported by STLPort and
3178:"Rope" data structure
1623:-th character, we begin a
618:Collect the set of leaves
84:basic fixed-length strings
3778:Sequential pattern mining
3745:
3692:
3659:
3626:
3618:Commentz-Walter algorithm
3606:Multiple string searching
3605:
3547:
3539:WagnerâFischer algorithm
3479:
3061:persistent data structure
2752:
2587:{\displaystyle O(\log N)}
2474:
2065:{\displaystyle O(\log N)}
1928:{\displaystyle O(\log N)}
1870:{\displaystyle O(\log N)}
1788:: concatenate two ropes,
1768:
1607:{\displaystyle O(\log N)}
1320:{\displaystyle O(\log N)}
1224:
3788:String rewriting systems
3773:Longest common substring
3684:SmithâWaterman algorithm
3509:Gestalt pattern matching
3086:This table compares the
2618:
2148:
1943:
1629:
1549:
1343:
625:
145:
3722:Generalized suffix tree
3646:Thompson's construction
2486:: delete the substring
1248:, to form a new string
3819:String data structures
3674:Hirschberg's algorithm
3273:10.1002/spe.4380251203
2829:
2588:
2103:. Go to the parent of
2066:
1953:
1929:
1871:
1832:
1778:
1608:
1559:
1321:
1240:beginning at position
24:
3529:Levenshtein automaton
3519:JaroâWinkler distance
2840:To report the string
2830:
2589:
2513:to form a new string
2067:
1967:into two new strings
1951:
1930:
1872:
1833:
1802:, into a single rope.
1776:
1609:
1557:
1322:
22:
3577:RabinâKarp algorithm
3534:Levenshtein distance
3374:Ropes for JavaScript
3163:improve this article
2878:, and then traverse
2798:
2764:: output the string
2563:
2041:
1904:
1846:
1831:{\displaystyle O(1)}
1813:
1583:
1296:
1236:: insert the string
138:. The parent of l' (
59:A rope is a type of
43:composed of smaller
29:computer programming
3732:Ternary search tree
2931:
2111:from the weight of
1963:: split the string
1898:, which would take
199:InOrderRopeIterator
154:InOrderRopeIterator
3661:Sequence alignment
3628:Regular expression
2929:
2911:in-order traversal
2825:
2584:
2062:
1954:
1925:
1867:
1828:
1779:
1604:
1560:
1317:
721:FIBONACCI_SEQUENCE
685:FIBONACCI_SEQUENCE
92:garbage collection
25:
3801:
3800:
3793:String operations
3228:
3227:
3213:
3044:
3043:
2917:starting at node
2882:starting at node
2876:weight(u) >= j
76:immutable objects
3826:
3758:Pattern matching
3712:Suffix automaton
3514:Hamming distance
3466:
3459:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3300:. Archived from
3290:
3281:
3280:
3258:
3245:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3171:
3143:
3135:
3112:Model T enfilade
2932:
2928:
2908:
2877:
2863:, find the node
2862:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2791:Time complexity:
2786:
2763:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2556:Time complexity:
2551:
2508:
2485:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2034:Time complexity:
2029:
2003:
1962:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1806:Time complexity:
1787:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1619:To retrieve the
1615:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1576:Time complexity:
1568:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1289:Time complexity:
1284:
1235:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3741:
3688:
3655:
3641:Regular grammar
3622:
3601:
3582:Raita algorithm
3543:
3494:Bitap algorithm
3475:
3470:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3305:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3252:
3246:
3233:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3172:
3170:
3156:
3144:
3133:
3100:
3071:Disadvantages:
2927:
2907:
2892:
2887:
2872:
2861:
2846:
2841:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2785:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2605:
2601:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2543:
2530:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
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2240:
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2159:
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2042:
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2027:
2021:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
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1973:
1960:
1946:
1905:
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1125:
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1119:
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1110:
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1038:
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984:
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966:
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960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
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930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
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741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
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714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
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690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
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669:
666:
663:
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657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
612:
607:
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603:
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594:
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582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
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546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
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525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
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498:
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492:
489:
486:
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480:
477:
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468:
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459:
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438:
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387:
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318:
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168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
118:Create a stack
112:
100:
88:reference count
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3832:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3694:Data structure
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Trigram search
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Ropes for Java
3361:
3352:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3321:
3320:External links
3318:
3315:
3314:
3282:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3219:September 2011
3161:. Please help
3147:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2926:
2923:
2898:
2890:
2870:
2867:that contains
2852:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2788:
2776:
2768:
2754:
2751:
2619:
2598:
2597:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2535:
2525:
2518:
2498:
2490:
2476:
2473:
2149:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2016:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1945:
1942:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1895:
1881:
1880:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1786:Concat(S1, S2)
1770:
1767:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1573:
1551:
1548:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1259:
1253:
1244:in the string
1226:
1223:
626:
624:
623:
611:
608:
146:
144:
143:
111:
110:Collect leaves
108:
99:
96:
56:
53:
41:data structure
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3831:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Edit distance
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3481:String metric
3478:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3304:on 2017-12-19
3303:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3222:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180: â
3179:
3175:
3174:Find sources:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3152:single source
3148:This article
3146:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2792:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1992:
1985:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1941:
1938:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1894:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1822:
1816:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1342:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:Insert(i, Sâ)
1232:
1229:
1228:
805:collectLeaves
621:
617:
614:
613:
141:
137:
134:. Add l' to
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
113:
107:
105:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:copy-on-write
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
3814:Binary trees
3726:
3707:Suffix array
3613:AhoâCorasick
3524:Lee distance
3306:. Retrieved
3302:the original
3297:
3264:
3260:
3216:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3173:
3149:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3070:
3046:Advantages:
3045:
3026:O(j + log n)
2918:
2914:
2909:by doing an
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2790:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2762:Report(i, j)
2758:
2717:RopeLikeTree
2613:
2609:
2599:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2484:Delete(i, j)
2480:
2388:RopeLikeTree
2280:RopeLikeTree
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2076:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1961:Split (i, S)
1957:
1939:
1892:
1882:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1756:
1620:
1618:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1367:CharSequence
1332:
1288:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1165:RopeLikeTree
1078:RopeLikeTree
619:
615:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
103:
101:
73:
64:
58:
49:text editing
36:
32:
26:
3717:Suffix tree
3359:Common Lisp
3298:www.sgi.com
3124:Piece table
3088:algorithmic
2968:Concatenate
2930:Complexity
2759:Definition:
2481:Definition:
1958:Definition:
1783:Definition:
1564:Definition:
1231:Definition:
616:Definition:
122:and a list
116:Definition:
61:binary tree
55:Description
3808:Categories
3308:2017-03-01
3189:newspapers
3131:References
3118:Gap buffer
1889:right = S2
1746:startIndex
1710:startIndex
1674:startIndex
1659:startIndex
775:isBalanced
634:isBalanced
229:ArrayDeque
157:implements
98:Operations
3424:SwiftRope
3419:Smalltalk
3340:libstdc++
3159:talk page
3092:raw speed
2935:Operation
2886:. Output
2817:
2708:rebalance
2621:@Override
2576:
2412:rebalance
2379:rebalance
2271:rebalance
2253:rebalance
2054:
1917:
1885:left = S1
1859:
1632:@Override
1625:recursive
1596:
1309:
748:rebalance
610:Rebalance
361:@Override
316:@Override
3277:Archived
3098:See also
3015:O(log n)
2993:O(log n)
2960:O(log n)
2949:O(log n)
2627:RopeLike
2612:-th and
2606:Concat()
2604:and one
2166:RopeLike
2160:RopeLike
1567:Index(i)
1526:sequence
1448:sequence
1409:sequence
1370:sequence
1339:Concat()
1337:and two
952:RopeLike
937:RopeLike
883:RopeLike
868:RopeLike
754:RopeLike
745:RopeLike
640:RopeLike
460:getRight
367:RopeLike
232:<>
208:RopeLike
205:@NonNull
187:RopeLike
166:RopeLike
160:Iterator
3783:Sorting
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3406:pyropes
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