691:– As with word processors, text editors provide a way to undo and redo the last edit, or more. Often—especially with older text editors—there is only one level of edit history remembered and successively issuing the undo command will only "toggle" the last change. Modern or more complex editors usually provide a multiple-level history such that issuing the undo command repeatedly will revert the document to successively older edits. A separate redo command will cycle the edits "forward" toward the most recent changes. The number of changes remembered depends upon the editor and is often configurable by the user.
518:. With larger files, this may be a slow process, and the entire file may not fit. Some text editors do not let the user start editing until this read-in is complete. Editing performance also often suffers in nonspecialized editors, with the editor taking seconds or even minutes to respond to keystrokes or navigation commands. Specialized editors have optimizations such as only storing the visible portion of large files in memory, improving editing performance.
390:
218:
38:
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text editor use the commands of another text editor with which the user is more familiar, or to duplicate missing functionality the user has come to depend on. Software developers often use editor customizations tailored to the programming language or development environment they are working in. The programmability of some text editors is limited to enhancing the core editing functionality of the program, but
379:
283:-style terminals without displays. Commands (often a single keystroke) effected edits to a file at an imaginary insertion point called the "cursor". Edits were verified by typing a command to print a small section of the file, and periodically by printing the entire file. In some line editors, the cursor could be moved by commands that specified the line number in the file, text
760:– Some advanced text editors allow the editor to send all or sections of the file being edited to another utility and read the result back into the file in place of the lines being "filtered". This, for example, is useful for sorting a series of lines alphabetically or numerically, doing mathematical computations, indenting
1162:
A line command is a command typed into the sequence number entry area associated with a specific line of text and whose scope is limited to that line, or, in the case of a block command, associated with the block of lines between the beginning and ending line commands. An example of the latter would
871:
Line commands, also known as prefix commands or sequence commands - Some editors treat a file as an array of text lines with associated line numbers or sequence numbers, and have a distinct line number field for each text field. A line command is a string that the user types into a line number field
521:
Some editors are programmable, meaning, e.g., they can be customized for specific uses. With a programmable editor it is easy to automate repetitive tasks or, add new functionality or even implement a new application within the framework of the editor. One common motive for customizing is to make a
291:. Line editors were major improvements over keypunching. Some line editors could be used by keypunch; editing commands could be taken from a deck of cards and applied to a specified file. Some common line editors supported a "verify" mode in which change commands displayed the altered lines.
1013:
allow multiple users to work on the same document simultaneously from remote locations over a network. The changes made by individual users are tracked and merged into the document automatically to eliminate the possibility of conflicting edits. These editors also typically include an
451:, which combines features of a text editor with those typical of a word processor such as rulers, margins and multiple font selection. These features are not available simultaneously, but must be switched by user command, or through the program automatically determining the
868:, have a dedicated field on the screen for entering commands as opposed to text. Depending on the editor, the user may have to use cursor keys to switch between the command and text fields or the editor may interpret, e.g., specific function keys , as requests to switch.
177:), paragraph formatting data (e.g. indentation, alignment, letter and word distribution, and space between lines or other paragraphs), and page specification data (e.g. size, margin and reading direction). Rich text can be very complex. Rich text can be saved in
264:(such as the Teletype), which used special characters to indicate ends of records. Some early operating systems included batch text editors, either integrated with language processors or as separate utility programs; one early example was the ability to edit
121:
Plain text exclusively consists of character representation. Each character is represented by a fixed-length sequence of one, two, or four bytes, or as a variable-length sequence of one to four bytes, in accordance to specific
549:
as a scripting language. These "orthodox editors" contain a "command line" into which commands and macros can be typed and text lines into which line commands and macros can be typed. Most such editors are derivatives of
349:
of characters, the desire for text editors that could more quickly insert text, delete text, and undo/redo previous edits led to the development of more complicated sequence data structures. A typical text editor uses a
911:
are text editors with additional functionality to facilitate the production of source code. These often feature user-programmable syntax highlighting and code navigation functions as well as coding tools or keyboard
782:
and other text that appears in an organized or predictable format. Editors generally allow users to customize the colors or styles used for each language element. Some text editors also allow users to install and use
725:
Multi-view editors: the ability to display multiple views of the same file, with independent cursor tracking, synchronizing changes among the windows but providing the same facilities as are available for independent
938:(integrated development environments) are designed to manage and streamline large programming projects. They are usually only used for programming as they contain many features unnecessary for simple text editing.
458:
Most word processors can read and write files in plain text format, allowing them to open files saved from text editors. Saving these files from a word processor, however, requires ensuring the file is written in
713:
Multi-file editing: the ability to edit multiple files during an edit-session, perhaps remembering the current-line cursor of each file, to insert repeated text into each file, copy or move text among files,
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Find and replace – Text editors provide extensive facilities for searching and replacing strings of text, either individually, or groups of files in opened tabs or a selected folder. Advanced editors can use
204:
Text editors are intended to open and save text files containing either plain text or anything that can be interpreted as plain text, including the markup for rich text or the markup for something else (e.g.
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was the first mass-market computer to feature a full-screen editor. A full-screen editor's ease-of-use and speed (compared to the line-based editors) motivated many early purchases of video terminals.
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interface with the purpose of isolating the writer from the rest of the applications and operating system, thus being able to focus on the writing without distractions from interface elements like a
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If you open a .doc file in a text editor, you will notice that most of the file is formatting codes. Text editors, however, do not add formatting codes, which makes it easier to compile your code.
922:. This subclass includes so-called "orthodox editors" that are derivatives of Xedit. Editors that implement folding without programing-specific features are usually called outliners (see below).
750:– Reading or merging the contents of another text file into the file currently being edited. Some text editors provide a way to insert the output of a command issued to the operating system's
526:
can be extended far beyond editing text files—for web browsing, reading email, online chat, managing files or playing games and is often thought of as a Lisp execution environment with a
612:, then jump to its definition. Some also allow for easy navigation back to the original section of code by storing the initial cursor location or by displaying the requested definition in a
733:: the ability to temporarily exclude sections of the text from view. This may either be based on a range of line numbers or on some syntactic element, e.g., excluding everything between a
166:, although text files do not exclusively store plain text. Since the early days of computers, plain text was (once by necessity and now by convention) generally displayed using a
704:
Macro or procedure definition: to define new commands or features as combinations of prior commands or other macros, perhaps with passed parameters, or with nesting of macros.
256:
files created from such card decks often had no line-separation characters at all, and assumed fixed-length 80- or 90-character records. An alternative to cards was
798:
Syntax-oriented editors - some editors have support for the syntax of one or more languages, and allow operations in terms of syntactical unit, e.g., insert a new
298:
with video screens became available, screen-based text editors (sometimes called just "screen editors") became common. One of the earliest full-screen editors was
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Profile macros with names specified in, e.g., environment, profile, executed automatically at the beginning of an edit session or when opening a new file.
483:
of these word processors often resembles a markup language, with the basic format being plain text and visual formatting achieved using non-printing
1510:
961:
162:. Plain text contains no other information about the text itself, not even the character encoding convention employed. Plain text is stored in
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to shift a block right three columns. Some editors also support line macros, also known as prefix macros or sequence macros. Despite the name
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1192:
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Every operating system comes with a default, basic text editor, but most of us install our own enhanced text editors to get more features.
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Programmable editors can usually be enhanced to perform any or all of these functions, but simpler editors focus on just one, or, like
857:
820:, so a programmer can customize the editor with features needed to manage individual software projects, customize functionality or
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1697:
1401:
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479:, are more easily pressed into service as text editors, and in fact were commonly used as such during the 1980s. The default
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A text editor written or customized for a specific use can determine what the user is editing and assist the user, often by
1219:
345:
that represents the current state of the file being edited. While the former could be stored in a single long consecutive
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using a source code editor or IDE. The HTML delivered by all but the simplest static web sites is stored as individual
935:
744:
Column-based editing; the ability to alter or insert data at a particular column, or to shift data to specific columns.
1276:
1003:
in plain text files. Such documents are often produced by a standard text editor, but some people use specialized
1320:
1010:
1546:
Some
Multics users purchased these terminals ..., using them either as "glass teletypes" or via "local editing."
341:
The core data structure in a text editor is the one that manages the string (sequence of characters) or list of
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170:, such that horizontal alignment and columnar formatting were sometimes done using whitespace characters.
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or temporary buffer. Some editors implement this ability themselves, but often an auxiliary utility like
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to make programs easier to read and write. Programming editors often let the user select the name of an
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and so on. These are typically only for display and do not insert formatting codes into the file itself.
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and that the editor recognizes as a command operating on that specific line or block of lines, e.g.,
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Some text editors are small and simple, while others offer broad and complex functions. For example,
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238:
1424:
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that are assembled by the software controlling the site and do not compose a complete HTML document.
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751:
206:
31:
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1021:
891:, often default to using a monospace font that clearly distinguishes between similar characters (
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847:
648:– most text editors provide methods to duplicate and move text within the file, or between files.
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with relevant documentation. Many text editors for software developers include source code
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Screen
Oriented Editor, which was optimized both for indented source code and general text.
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There are important differences between plain text (created and edited by text editors) and
1054:
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Mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists often produce articles and books using
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placed in a single file. Simpler text editors may just read files into the computer's main
346:
147:
82:
1390:
Upton, Eben; Duntemann, Jeffrey; Roberts, Ralph; Mamtora, Tim; Everard, Ben (2016-08-22).
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with a text editor. Folding (see above) can be considered a specialized form of outlining.
8:
1167:(block upper case) into the entry areas of two lines; this has the same effect as typing
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1102:– computer software for editing text files using a textual or graphical user interface
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typically have dedicated cursor movement keys, as do keyboards on personal computers.
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Rich text, on the other hand, may contain metadata, character formatting data (e.g.
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machines. Physical boxes of these thin cardboard cards were then inserted into a
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By the late 1960s editors were available that supported variable-length records.
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1090:– any document editor that is cognizant of the document's underlying structure
928:. Also called tree-based editors, because they combine a hierarchical outline
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1099:
989:
809:
788:
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464:
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1456:"The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition"
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and software development packages, and can be used to change files such as
1072:– does not change file, faster for very large files and can be more secure
754:. Also, a case-shifting feature could translate to lowercase or uppercase.
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to search and edit text or code. Additional features may include optional
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Some editors include special features and extra functions, for instance,
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projects, is another early full-screen or real-time editor, one that was
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1153:, but most users dropped CLIST, EXEC and EXEC2 once REXX was available.
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884:, some editors allow the sequence field to appear after the text field.
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964:. Many offer the option of viewing a work in progress on a built-in
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423:, though many people—especially programmers—prefer other
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45:, shown here, are often included with operating systems as a default
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Profiles to retain options set by the user between editing session.
661:– Text editors often provide basic visual formatting features like
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after one press navigated to the end of an on-screen row of text.
812:- a text editor intended for use by programmers must provide some
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navigation may vary across text editors. For example, pressing
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146:. These conventions define many printable characters, but also
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settings will not obscure the file for its intended use. Non-
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Before text editors existed, computer text was punched into
1321:"UNIVAC 90-COLUMN PUNCHED 'CARD-TO-MAGNETIC TAPE CONVERTER"
1171:(upper case) into the entry area of each line in the range.
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Emacs, a text editor popular among programmers, running on
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1515:
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1245:
L. Gopalakrishnan; G. Padmanabhan; Sudhat Shukla (2003).
1191:
H. Albert Napier; Ollie N. Rivers; Stuart Wagner (2005).
1081:
996:
985:
310:. Written in the 1970s, it is still a standard editor on
1277:"The Best Free Text Editors for Windows, Linux, and Mac"
306:
computers in 1967. Another early full-screen editor was
1677:
Orthodox
Editors as a Special Class of Advanced Editors
1542:"Multics Emacs: The History, Design and Implementation"
1362:
1248:
Your Home PC: Making the Most of Your
Personal Computer
1293:
Louden, Kenneth C.; Lambert, Kenneth A. (2011-01-26).
318:
operating systems. Also written in the 1970s was the
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and are almost never used to edit plain text files.
302:, which was written for the operator console of the
1576:"Text Editors for Programmeres - Programming Tools"
27:
Computer software used to edit plain text documents
1044:, are targeted at a single programming language.
638:, a history of search terms for quick recall and
411:editor (or a variant), but many also include the
1684:
1477:L. Bowles, Kenneth; Hollan, James (1978-07-01).
1393:Learning Computer Architecture with Raspberry Pi
1363:Alavudeen, A.; Venkateshwaran, N. (2008-08-18).
545:An important group of programmable editors uses
30:For the use of text editors with Knowledge, see
1662:"Choosing the Best Coding Font for Programming"
1476:
1296:Programming Languages: Principles and Practices
287:(context) for which to search, and eventually
1292:
1129:Originally macros were written in assembler,
1096:– an acronym for What You See Is What You Get
1593:"Vim to Emacs' Evil chaotic migration guide"
642:, and listing multiple results in one place.
1511:"Introducing the Emacs editing environment"
1479:"An introduction to the UCSD PASCAL system"
1396:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 232–234.
694:Ability to jump to a specified line number.
150:that control the flow of the text, such as
91:
530:. Emacs can even be programmed to emulate
1494:
407:and Unix-like operating systems have the
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377:
373:
275:The first interactive text editors were
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36:
1018:component for discussion among editors.
14:
1685:
1369:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 180.
899:
895:) such as the colon and the semicolon.
1218:Peter Norton; Scott H. Clark (2002).
197:), or in a hybrid form of both (e.g.
1559:"Data Structures for Text Sequences"
698:
1458:. The IEEE and The Open Group. 2004
876:to translate a line to lower case,
846:twice may navigate to the end of a
718:side-by-side (perhaps with a tiled
623:
620:is used to locate the definitions.
24:
1436:. November 1959 . p. 05.01.01
1084:– used for non-interactive editing
948:dedicated to the task of creating
370:, as its sequence data structure.
73:). Text editors are provided with
25:
1709:
1670:
1366:Computer Integrated Manufacturing
1197:. Cengage Learning. p. 330.
944:authors are offered a variety of
65:. An example of such program is "
1329:UNIVAC II Data Automation System
1221:Peter Norton's New Inside the PC
832:systems, or conform to specific
175:typeface, size, weight and style
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1629:
1603:
1585:
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1534:
1503:
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1410:
1299:. Cengage Learning. p. 5.
1224:. Sams Publishing. p. 54.
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1123:
1078:– used for editing binary files
534:, its rival in the traditional
443:in 1994, which was replaced in
1383:
1356:
1343:Corporation. 1957. p. 246
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1286:
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1211:
1184:
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588:programming terms and showing
396:is a text editor shipped with
260:. It could be created by some
13:
1:
1698:Technical communication tools
1194:Creating a Winning E-Business
1178:
729:Collapse/expand, also called
491:. Later word processors like
419:systems come with the simple
328:free and open-source software
268:source files for SCAT in the
978:dynamic programming language
561:, IBM's flagship editor for
279:oriented to teleprinter- or
185:), text files adhering to a
7:
1047:
720:multiple-document interface
225:with several program decks.
116:desktop publishing software
10:
1714:
1253:Tata McGraw-Hill Education
1060:Comparison of text editors
916:similar to an HTML editor.
770:– contextually highlights
504:edit unusually large files
427:with more features. Under
334:to many systems. The 1977
212:
95:
81:, documentation files and
29:
1483:Behavior Research Methods
887:Text editors, especially
475:word processors, such as
110:(such as that created by
1107:
1022:Distraction-free editors
852:Block-oriented terminals
92:Plain text and rich text
32:Help:Text editor support
791:of the editor's entire
495:store their files in a
148:non-printing characters
49:for opening text files.
1163:be typing the command
860:- some editors, e.g.,
502:Some text editors can
400:
386:
270:SHARE Operating System
226:
50:
1641:Notepad++ User Manual
1011:Collaborative editors
966:HTML rendering engine
826:programming languages
463:format, and that any
435:there was the native
392:
381:
374:Types of text editors
220:
126:conventions, such as
40:
1599:. 19 September 2014.
1426:SOS Reference Manual
1055:List of text editors
646:Cut, copy, and paste
577:, X2, Uni-edit, and
83:programming language
1339:Univac Division of
909:Source code editors
900:Specialized editors
889:source-code editors
768:Syntax highlighting
748:Data transformation
683:syntax highlighting
632:regular expressions
594:syntax highlighting
528:Text User Interface
415:and Emacs editors.
326:, one of the first
289:regular expressions
79:configuration files
1496:10.3758/BF03205341
679:comment formatting
651:Ability to handle
485:control characters
439:later replaced by
401:
387:
296:computer terminals
227:
124:character encoding
51:
47:helper application
1597:juanjoalvarez.net
1557:Charles Crowley.
1418:"Modify and Load"
1403:978-1-119-18394-5
1376:978-81-203-3345-1
1306:978-1-133-38749-7
1279:. 28 April 2012.
1034:notification area
952:. These include:
816:mechanism, or be
737:and the matching
699:Advanced features
673:formatting using
569:. Among them are
417:Microsoft Windows
384:Microsoft Windows
132:ISO/IEC 2022
75:operating systems
69:" software (e.g.
16:(Redirected from
1705:
1665:
1660:Philipp Acsany.
1658:
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1613:. Archived from
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1088:Structure editor
972:. However, most
776:markup languages
667:auto-indentation
636:case sensitivity
624:Typical features
489:escape sequences
358:of lines (as in
59:computer program
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1255:. p. 190.
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974:web development
920:Folding editors
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830:version control
701:
659:Text formatting
626:
429:Apple Macintosh
376:
304:CDC 6000 series
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199:Office Open XML
187:markup language
112:word processors
104:
96:Main articles:
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71:Windows Notepad
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1671:External links
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1628:
1617:on 28 May 2015
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1563:"Introduction"
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1489:(4): 531–534.
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990:template files
942:World Wide Web
939:
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901:
898:
897:
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882:prefix command
869:
855:
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793:user interface
787:to change the
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695:
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656:
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640:autocompletion
625:
622:
596:and automatic
493:Microsoft Word
433:classic Mac OS
375:
372:
277:"line editors"
214:
211:
168:monospace font
93:
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26:
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1523:on 2014-06-06
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962:E Text Editor
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834:coding styles
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510:or an entire
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41:Editors like
39:
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1693:Text editors
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
1605:
1596:
1587:
1579:
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1553:
1545:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1514:
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1482:
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1460:. Retrieved
1450:
1440:December 15,
1438:. Retrieved
1425:
1412:
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1347:December 16,
1345:. Retrieved
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1026:minimalistic
968:or standard
946:HTML editors
903:
881:
877:
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858:Command line
848:wrapped line
822:key bindings
803:
802:clause in a
799:
780:config files
764:, and so on.
738:
734:
677:characters,
614:popup window
602:include file
583:
544:
540:Unix culture
520:
501:
457:
402:
340:
293:
274:
262:teleprinters
258:Punched tape
228:
203:
172:
120:
105:
66:
54:
52:
18:Text editing
1646:21 December
1637:"Searching"
1611:"Gitorious"
1462:January 18,
1341:Sperry Rand
1149:(VM/SE) or
1070:File viewer
1016:online chat
1005:TeX editors
970:web browser
954:Dreamweaver
772:source code
762:source code
671:bullet list
598:indentation
536:editor wars
481:file format
364:piece table
356:linked list
320:UCSD Pascal
239:card reader
86:source code
61:that edits
55:text editor
1687:Categories
1561:. Section
1527:2014-06-06
1262:0070473544
1231:0672322897
1204:1111796092
1179:References
1076:Hex editor
1065:Editor war
1024:provide a
893:homoglyphs
818:scriptable
806:statement.
586:completing
461:plain text
441:SimpleText
352:gap buffer
281:typewriter
254:card image
164:text files
160:page break
156:line break
98:Plain text
63:plain text
950:web pages
930:tree view
926:Outliners
758:Filtering
663:line wrap
508:log files
453:file type
437:TeachText
360:PaperClip
221:A box of
136:Shift JIS
108:rich text
102:Rich text
1139:CMS EXEC
1048:See also
1042:gPHPedit
980:such as
958:KompoZer
610:variable
606:function
590:tooltips
565:through
552:ISPF/PDF
512:database
506:such as
477:WordStar
449:TextEdit
445:Mac OS X
235:keypunch
1664:. 2023.
1094:WYSIWYG
1030:toolbar
731:folding
722:), etc.
473:WYSIWYG
425:editors
421:Notepad
366:, or a
343:records
285:strings
213:History
67:notepad
43:Leafpad
1621:27 May
1400:
1373:
1303:
1259:
1228:
1201:
914:macros
840:Cursor
814:plugin
804:SELECT
785:themes
735:BEGIN;
726:files.
557:or of
516:memory
332:ported
266:SQUOZE
189:(e.g.
181:(e.g.
158:, and
144:UTF-16
1430:(PDF)
1421:(PDF)
1333:(PDF)
1324:(PDF)
1147:EXEC2
1131:CLIST
1108:Notes
1001:LaTeX
866:XEDIT
752:shell
675:ASCII
653:UTF-8
618:ctags
579:SEDIT
575:KEDIT
563:VM/SP
559:XEDIT
524:Emacs
398:GNOME
394:gedit
362:), a
347:array
324:Emacs
316:Linux
294:When
233:with
231:cards
152:space
142:, or
140:UTF-8
128:ASCII
1648:2021
1623:2015
1464:2010
1442:2022
1398:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1349:2022
1301:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1151:PL/I
982:Ruby
960:and
936:IDEs
862:ISPF
800:WHEN
739:END;
567:z/VM
555:EDIT
547:REXX
409:pico
405:Unix
368:rope
354:, a
314:and
312:Unix
251:disk
249:and
247:drum
195:HTML
118:).
100:and
1516:IBM
1491:doi
1434:IBM
1165:ucc
1145:),
1137:),
1135:TSO
1032:or
999:or
997:TeX
986:PHP
984:or
878:))3
844:End
828:or
608:or
571:THE
538:of
487:or
469:BOM
467:or
455:.
447:by
431:'s
300:O26
209:).
207:SVG
201:).
193:or
191:RTF
183:DOC
114:or
1689::
1639:.
1595:.
1578:.
1544:.
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1487:10
1485:.
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1432:.
1423:.
1335:.
1326:.
1251:.
1169:uc
1143:VM
956:,
874:LC
864:,
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681:,
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573:,
542:.
532:Vi
413:vi
308:vi
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154:,
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1530:.
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1493::
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1379:.
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1351:.
1309:.
1265:.
1234:.
1207:.
1141:(
1133:(
1036:.
1007:.
836:.
795:.
741:.
34:.
20:)
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