230:
drafted a plan of action. The name of the
Romanian Writers' Society (SSR) was chosen and its objectives of defending and aiding writers were defined. Members were divided into categories of active, honorary, and donors. One of the criteria for active membership was holding Romanian citizenship, which presented a problem for many participants from Transylvania, Bukovina, and Macedonia who were foreign nationals. It was decided that older writers and leading critics would be invited to join, with the exception of Iorga, due to his "negative and offensive" attitude; they would be free to choose between active and honorary status. The elected committee consisted of Sadoveanu as president, Anghel as vice president, Gârleanu as secretary and librarian,
970:
298:
1107:-dominated government. These policies aimed to transform the SSR into a tool for achieving the party's objective of a literary activity entirely subordinate to the authorities. Meanwhile, the society's professional role was largely ceded for a time to the Union of Artists', Writers' and Journalists' Syndicates, a body founded in August 1945. This organization, which was much easier to manipulate, began handling both material rewards and penalties, such as the purges of October 1947.
419:
204:
513:
53:
1096:
600:
on the society's behalf. The first category included three annual prizes; the first two were for poetry and prose, while the third had varying purposes such as debut works, translation, or sonnets. The second category included other prizes, generally more substantial: the I. Al. Brătescu-Voinești prize for the novel (20,000 and later 25,000 lei); the C. A. Rosetti prize, started by
577:. In 1939, this burden was somewhat alleviated when the Ralea-led Labor Ministry founded the Writers' Pension Fund. Every year, the society gave out aid that amounted to almost twice what it paid in pensions. From 1929 to 1931, two travel grants of 50,000 lei each were awarded, and another one was given for 1936–1937. The SSR granted
310:
citizenship. However, a number of non-citizen Jewish writers and critics sided with Gherea, creating an unfavorable atmosphere for the SSR. Amid rising polemics, in
January 1910, the society asked the Romanian Parliament to reject a law granting citizenship to Jewish critic Eugen Porn. The appearance of
599:
The society's prizes served a dual purpose: providing material rewards for writers and building their reputations. According to a 1924 statute, the prizes were divided into two categories: those established by the society itself and those initiated by private individuals, institutions, or authorities
441:
later became president, serving until
February 1932. During his term, there was an attempt to address the issue of numerous dilettantes who had become members. The statutes were modified, and committees were established to remove those who did not fulfill the admission conditions. A 1928 list reveals
1015:
these were several who had already received public opprobrium (Davidescu, Crevedia, Marta Rădulescu), or those who had gone into voluntary exile (Cotruș, Eliade, Busuioceanu). In their place, Cocea proposed inviting 51 new members, of whom twenty mainly left-leaning individuals were accepted: Banuș,
604:
newspaper (20,000 lei); the Socec prize for poetry, from 1924 to 1930 (10,000 lei); the King Carol II prize, from 1934 to 1940 (25,000 lei). Others came from private donations, such as the Ștefan I. Costacopol prize for criticism, involving 6000 lei and awarded from 1931 to 1945; or from prize money
434:
with
Romania, there was a significant influx of new members. Moldovanu, who served as president from 1921 to 1923, even declared that he wanted all Romanian writers to join. At the beginning of his second term, there were 223 active members, with another 40 joining during the subsequent presidencies
145:
as cashier. The original statute does not survive, but later accounts suggest it was inspired by the French model. The small number of participants was due to a lack of interest from older writers, opposition from certain public figures to society's strictly professional character, and the exclusion
405:
The society's activities diminished once
Romania entered World War I in 1916. Its presidents during the war and its aftermath were Zamfirescu (1916), Sadoveanu (1917-1919), and Dragomirescu (1919-1921). During Dragomirescu's tenure, the congress in March 1920 decided to expel writers proven to have
158:
By the middle of the following year, amid a deteriorating literary atmosphere, the need for a relaunch became apparent. In July 1909, Anghel and Iosif launched an appeal for a writers' congress, an effort to which Chendi rallied. However, conditions did not permit the congress to take place, but it
65:
magazine shared these objectives, the idea of an independent association developed later and under pressure from foreign professional organizations that were concerned about intellectual property rights. Consequently, the circle became the
Romanian Society for Literature and Art, which was legally
229:
and
Transylvania, gave their proxy votes to attendees or sent letters of affiliation. Newspaper accounts slightly differ, with some reporting a total of 47 participants. Of the twenty 1908 society founders, sixteen were present. The meeting discussed the society's name, elected the committee, and
1014:
By the end of
November, successive meetings of the committee had resulted in an unknown number of expulsions, with a further 46 members suspended but given the possibility of accounting for their past deeds. The list presented in the 1945 bulletin indicates that 28 members were purged. Not among
909:
and
Voronca. The project for a Writers' Palace was temporarily abandoned, with its fund loaned for the benefit of the army. (The promissory notes probably became invalid after the nationalization of the banks in June 1948.) Due to a fall in subsidies and other revenue and a rise in aid and loans
1162:. In early 1949, a reorganization assembly was announced, which took place in late March, in the presence of the state and party leadership. The Society of Writers from the Romanian People's Republic was transformed into the Union of Writers from the Romanian People's Republic, now known as the
1110:
Following the membership overhaul of 1944–1945, the total number of affiliates rose to 268. A further 32 writers were admitted during the May 1946 congress, and probably as many were taken in at the
September 1947 assembly that re-elected Eftimiu as president. The new committee also included
309:
wrote an open letter to Anghel, lamenting that membership was based not on the value of one's work but on one's birth certificate. He ironically observed that he could not obtain it, as a trip to Russia would be hazardous for him. Anghel replied that Gherea could join, as he held Romanian
981:
forced another radical change for the society. In early September, a group of thirty writers called for a general assembly, citing the absence of Herescu (who was abroad and unable to return) and the presence in the committee of individuals compromised by collaboration with the deposed
246:
as members, and Lovinescu and Pavelescu as accountants. To give the society a more permanent character, it decided to organize literary meetings in towns and rural areas, as well as in Transylvania and Bukovina, acquire a headquarters, publish a bulletin, and gain legal recognition.
986:
regime. The meeting occurred later in the month, and despite the absence of many members who did not reside in Bucharest, it was declared valid. The assembly, attended by the Jewish writers removed in 1940, elected a new committee, with the most votes going to the list headed by
393:'s first term as president, there were 108 members, including 33 founders. However, this number was incorrect, as six founders were omitted, which was later corrected. The SSR accumulated wealth due to the annual 3,000-leu subsidy, a bequest of 10,000 lei from the late
605:
that was returned. The statute specified that the awarding committee was to be selected by the SSR leadership. The interwar press was rife with disgruntled comments and contestations of successive prize committees, but overall, very few obvious mistakes were made.
591:. In 1936, the Bucharest city hall decided to grant house lots to five writers annually, but the measure ended up being purely financial. A substantial annual expenditure for the SSR were loans it provided to its members which were rarely paid back on time.
159:
was decided that a new writers' society should be established. A sixteen-member committee met in August, presided over by Anghel, and the founding meeting was scheduled for early September. The initiative was promoted in the press, with the editor of the
334:, as well as a tour through Bukovina within its first six months. A temporary headquarters, with a library and donated artistic objects, was set up in a hotel apartment, but it was destroyed by fire in January 1911. Conferences in Transylvania's
878:, who took over after Condiescu's death. Following substantial territorial losses by Romania during the summer of 1940, a significant number of writers became refugees. They received aid from the society, which dramatically depleted its funds.
86:
in 1906. Bucharest city hall donated land for the construction of an artists' house, but it appears the lot was used differently. In 1903–1904, the press mentioned other initiatives for establishing a writers' society; one of these belonged to
500:
After many unfulfilled promises, in 1934, the city hall granted a lot for a Writers' Palace, centrally located on Carol I Boulevard and valued at around 4.5 million lei. The following year, a building fund was set up under the initiative of
60:
Towards the end of the 19th century, a growing number of Romanian writers felt the need for a professional association to defend their interests before editors and bookstores and facilitate mutual aid. Although the circle surrounding the
366:. A new committee was chosen, with Gârleanu as president. Soon, a law recognizing the SSR as a legal entity was adopted, coming into effect in March 1912. Henceforth, it could receive donations and subsidies. A first subsidy, granted by
314:
magazine, edited by four SSR leaders (Anghel, Chendi, Iosif, and Sadoveanu), appeared to be a secessionist gesture and nearly led to the society's dissolution. The break in friendship between Anghel and Iosif also proved unfortunate.
520:
Membership fees, tickets to conferences and plays, and admissions to balls represented only a small part of SSR's revenue. The society tried its hand in various businesses, including a lottery, two movie theaters (in
529:
severely impacted the society, which had deposits of over 10 million lei, of which only a small part was recovered. Nevertheless, the SSR managed to somewhat meet its statutory objectives with the remaining funds.
199:
expressed their opinions on the topic in their own periodicals. Among the responders, only Iorga objected, considering the idea materialistic and unsuitable for "the true purposes of national literature".
389:(some of whom later returned) subsequently withdrew, ten new members joined in 1912, eighteen in 1914, and ten in 1915. The first bulletin was published in 1916, noting that in June 1915, at the end of
273:
newspaper. He believed the press should operate under its own committee, formed by Vlahuță's generational colleagues. The SSR committee rejected the project, which later failed. Notable writers such as
342:(April–May 1911) proved invigorating and had a notable impact on the Romanian literary scene. The second general meeting, held that November, saw the admission of at least 37 new members, including
167:, publishing a series of articles on the need for a society and its potential goals. Despite being launched hastily during the summer holidays, the articles were successful, drawing responses from
1158:
decided to join the SSR, leading the organization to change its name to the Society of Writers from Romania in January 1948. Stancu was elected to replace Eftimiu, who went on to chair the
1154:
During the same assembly, Stancu condemned those who were resisting the nascent regime and its cultural policies. Near the end of the month, a meeting of ethnic Hungarian writers in
966:, Mircea Mărcoiu and Laura Dragomirescu in 1942. The society continued to maintain relations with similar bodies in Italy, Germany, Spain, France, Croatia, Slovakia and Finland.
397:, membership fees, and admission fees to lectures and theatrical shows. By the mid-1910s, society began commemorating deceased writers and building monuments in their honor.
866:
and foreign writers' societies were strengthened, with representatives welcomed to Romania. Likewise, SSR committee members were invited to societies and congresses abroad.
406:
collaborated with the pro-German press during the wartime occupation of Bucharest. However, this measure was not implemented, as individuals such as Arghezi, Galaction, and
947:
486:
196:
66:
recognized in May 1904. The society included artists of various kinds with diverse interests, as well as artists' descendants and art collectors. Its presidents were
862:
During the same period, the society hosted or participated in events to commemorate deceased writers and celebrate living ones for various occasions. Relations with
526:
474:
1112:
478:
105:, founded an association called the Romanian Writers' Society. The founding meeting took place on April 28, coinciding with the 70th anniversary of the
192:
457:
remained of marginal importance. Thanks to the importance of contemporary writers and the symbolic capital acquired by some of them, such as Goga,
894:
844:
218:
473:, as well as their presence in influential government and legislative posts, the SSR received a series of subsidies from certain ministries (
885:
came to power that September, the committee aligned itself with regime policy, and in early October decided to expel eleven Jewish writers:
525:
and Arad), postcards with famous writers' faces, and medals, which either resulted in small revenues or losses. In 1931, the failure of the
1116:
1357:
1352:
1347:
533:
Starting just after World War I, the society granted pensions to the widows and children of deceased writers (Macedonski, Chendi,
1342:
1315:
442:
that as of January 1925, there were 18 honorary and 155 active members; by the beginning of 1939, there were 239 active members.
490:
36:, that aided the country's writers and promoted their interests. Founded in 1909, it operated for forty years before the early
374:
and was divided among the members. An almanac for 1912 and 1913 was printed, although the planned bulletin had yet to appear.
82:
served as secretary. The society's main achievement was an international congress on intellectual property regulation held in
347:
497:, fees received during the month-long festival of Bucharest, and fairly generous sums paid by studios for film censorship.
482:
146:
of literary critics, a clause against which Chendi strongly protested. The event received little attention from the press;
1103:
By May 1945, Eftimiu justified the purges and welcomed the rising Soviet influence in response to the policies of the new
804:
377:
The society continued to consolidate after its November 1912 congress, when Dragomirescu was elected president. Although
221:, under Anghel's direction. Twenty-five writers attended, while another twenty-five, who were then in other parts of the
874:
The outbreak of World War II had significant ramifications for the society's activities. At the time, its president was
427:
283:
263:
appeared most sensitive to the problems of younger writers. After obtaining a pledge of financial aid from Minister
431:
106:
67:
978:
910:
disbursed, the number of prizes awarded fell. Thus, the only honorees were Nicolae Ottescu, Ruxanda Levente,
168:
109:' establishment. Twenty writers attended, and the leadership committee consisted of Pavelescu as president,
1163:
306:
290:
kept their distance from the new organization. Rădulescu-Motru's political views led to his departure, but
41:
1080:
449:
in 1933, the Association of Independent Writers, proved to be a failure, and regional writers' groups in
1159:
1128:
637:
71:
955:
211:
Sadoveanu played a significant role in the preparatory work, enlisting the help of his friends from
1104:
1056:
951:
882:
673:
579:
505:, who served as president from 1935 to 1939. Due to generous donations from Condiescu's associate
213:
95:
915:
740:
625:
260:
118:
75:
1036:
935:
919:
493:) as well as other institutions. In certain years, funding also came from the profits of the
176:
969:
1236:
1040:
1008:
502:
343:
222:
8:
1188:
1048:
768:
584:
570:
558:
506:
367:
291:
1024:
848:
613:
494:
297:
184:
1212:
1076:
629:
458:
394:
287:
188:
102:
1312:
693:
609:
1200:
1068:
1028:
863:
792:
772:
764:
653:
363:
351:
256:
37:
21:
1060:
963:
677:
641:
445:
The prestige that the SSR had acquired ensured that a secessionist group founded by
243:
1176:
902:
728:
713:
701:
657:
633:
566:
466:
407:
378:
122:
1182:
1144:
931:
697:
554:
545:). It also financed writers who found themselves in difficult situations, such as
534:
509:, as well as from ministries and banks, the fund quickly reached 6.8 million lei.
134:
1319:
1194:
1120:
1004:
973:
Romanian and Soviet soldiers shaking hands in Bucharest after the coup, 30 August
959:
824:
816:
788:
732:
685:
649:
562:
542:
390:
172:
142:
114:
56:
Cincinat Pavelescu, one of the leading founders of the Romanian Writers' Society.
836:
832:
546:
331:
138:
1248:
1227:
1148:
1132:
1124:
1044:
996:
988:
939:
890:
856:
852:
796:
776:
665:
574:
538:
438:
382:
359:
275:
110:
999:, Cazaban, Celarianu, Stancu (who resigned and was replaced by Perpessicius),
923:
820:
748:
79:
52:
1336:
1242:
1221:
1140:
1136:
1084:
1072:
983:
911:
875:
840:
752:
721:
709:
705:
681:
661:
446:
355:
339:
239:
235:
180:
91:
1052:
1000:
943:
927:
886:
784:
760:
744:
689:
371:
279:
231:
164:
130:
88:
255:
In the following months, the committee offered the honorary presidency to
217:. The constituent meeting took place as scheduled, in the amphitheater of
1032:
1016:
992:
828:
812:
717:
617:
470:
264:
319:
203:
669:
512:
462:
454:
147:
588:
1020:
918:, Gheorghiu, George Ionescu and Bascovici in 1940; Stahl, Demetrius,
808:
780:
621:
550:
418:
269:
267:, he launched a public appeal for a writers' publishing house in the
126:
83:
29:
1099:
Victor Eftimiu, the last president of the Romanian Writers' Society.
522:
327:
898:
756:
736:
645:
226:
1166:. A new statute was adopted, and a literary fund was established.
323:
1095:
1064:
906:
800:
450:
33:
386:
305:
Upon being invited to join, Imperial Russian-born Jewish critic
318:
Nevertheless, the SSR remained active, organizing meetings in
335:
1155:
1135:, Toma and C. Argeșanu as the honoring jury; and Baltazar,
301:
Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, a critic of the organization.
779:
and Boureanu (1928), Celarianu, Arghezi and Talaz (1929),
150:
predicted the "shaky" group would face an "early demise".
628:, Brăescu and Davidescu (1925), Boureanul, Rebreanu and
583:
rail passes to its members and funded rest trips to the
727:
The poetry prize recipients were: George Gregorian and
516:Nicolae M. Condiescu, president from 1935 to 1939.
354:, and Dragomirescu, as well as young writers like
259:and attempted to attract older writers. Of these,
101:In 1908, several poets and prose writers, led by
1334:
739:(1923), Davidescu and Moldovanu (1924), Foti,
1111:Galaction, Cocea, Cezar Petrescu, Celarianu,
991:as president. The new committee members were
410:continued to appear in the membership lists.
422:Liviu Rebreanu, president from 1925 to 1932.
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1115:, Lucia Demetrius, Călugăru, Theodorescu,
435:of Sadoveanu (1923-1924) and Goga (1925).
28:) was a professional association based in
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1094:
968:
511:
417:
296:
202:
141:as secretaries, Iosif as librarian, and
51:
175:, Sadoveanu, Scurtu, Anghel, Iosif and
1335:
1263:
385:, Sadoveanu, and his colleagues from
13:
652:, Davidescu and Demetrius (1929),
413:
14:
1369:
1353:1949 disestablishments in Romania
1348:Organizations established in 1909
1313:"Societatea scriitorilor români"
348:Ioan Alexandru Brătescu-Voinești
1358:Romanian writers' organizations
869:
541:, as well as to the sisters of
1343:1909 establishments in Romania
1233:Corneliu Moldovanu (1932-1935)
1209:Mihai Dragomirescu (1919-1921)
1090:
400:
350:(later considered a founder),
250:
26:Societatea Scriitorilor Români
1:
1256:
1169:
708:(1935), Papadat-Bengescu and
587:palace and the main hotel in
381:, Brătescu-Voinești, Anghel,
68:Dimitrie C. Ollănescu-Ascanio
47:
1218:Mihail Sadoveanu (1923-1924)
1206:Mihail Sadoveanu (1917-1919)
426:Following the 1918 union of
307:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
284:Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea
7:
430:, the Banat, Bukovina, and
153:
107:Société des gens de lettres
10:
1374:
1160:National Theatre Bucharest
948:Stelian Constantin-Stelian
638:Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu
219:Gheorghe Lazăr High School
169:Constantin Rădulescu-Motru
72:Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol
1164:Writers' Union of Romania
1131:, Bogza, Teofil Rudenco,
1081:Tudor Teodorescu-Braniște
608:The prose prize went to:
594:
207:Mihail Sadoveanu in 1898.
42:Writers' Union of Romania
18:Romanian Writers' Society
1105:Romanian Communist Party
1057:Miron Radu Paraschivescu
979:events of 23 August 1944
952:Alexandru Al. Philippide
883:National Legionary State
674:George Mihail Zamfirescu
537:, Gârleanu, Slavici and
197:Aurel Alexandrescu-Dorna
40:transformed it into the
1119:and Stancu as members;
916:Pompiliu Constantinescu
720:(1938), Zamfirescu and
1151:as alternate members.
1100:
974:
795:and Stamatiad (1931),
680:and Galaction (1933),
626:Henriette Yvonne Stahl
517:
423:
302:
208:
119:Constantin Sandu-Aldea
76:George Bengescu-Dabija
57:
25:
1129:Vintilă Russu-Șirianu
1098:
972:
920:Alexandru Busuioceanu
807:(1932), Boureanu and
624:and Rebreanu (1924),
527:Marmorosch Blank Bank
515:
421:
300:
206:
177:Nicolae N. Beldiceanu
96:Ștefan Octavian Iosif
55:
1237:Nicolae M. Condiescu
1009:Cicerone Theodorescu
995:, Papadat-Bengescu,
811:(1933), Dumitrescu,
759:and Bacovia (1926),
503:Nicolae M. Condiescu
453:, Transylvania, and
344:Alexandru Macedonski
223:Romanian Old Kingdom
117:as vice presidents,
1189:Mihail Dragomirescu
1049:Alexandru Mironescu
1037:Alexandru Kirițescu
936:Dragoș Protopopescu
893:, Dan, A. Dominic,
851:(1938), Celarianu,
771:and Pillat (1927),
632:(1926), Boureanul,
580:Căile Ferate Române
571:Alexandru Obedenaru
370:, amounted to 3000
368:Constantin C. Arion
292:Mihail Dragomirescu
1318:2012-02-18 at the
1213:Corneliu Moldovanu
1113:Ion Popescu-Puțuri
1101:
1077:Henric Sanielevici
975:
636:and Savel (1927),
630:I. A. Bassarabescu
518:
459:Alexandru Lapedatu
424:
303:
288:Ion Luca Caragiale
209:
189:Corneliu Moldovanu
103:Cincinat Pavelescu
63:Literatură și artă
58:
1201:Duiliu Zamfirescu
1069:Alexandru Rosetti
905:, Leopold Stern,
864:PEN International
793:Eugeniu Sperantia
773:Vasile Voiculescu
765:George Dumitrescu
741:Constantin Râuleț
654:Alexandru Cazaban
364:Nicolae Davidescu
352:Duiliu Zamfirescu
338:(March 1911) and
261:Alexandru Vlahuță
238:, Iosif, Chendi,
1365:
1327:
1310:
1306:
1177:Mihail Sadoveanu
1127:as accountants;
1025:George Călinescu
903:Mihail Sebastian
897:, Virgil Monda,
849:Șerban Bascovici
805:Virgil Gheorghiu
729:Al. T. Stamatiad
714:Mircea Gesticone
702:Mihail Celarianu
658:Mateiu Caragiale
634:Vasile Demetrius
614:Gheorghe Brăescu
567:Caton Theodorian
495:Constanța Casino
469:, Rebreanu, and
467:Nichifor Crainic
408:Dem. Theodorescu
379:Alexandru Davila
294:joined in 1911.
214:Viața Românească
185:Simion Mehedinți
179:. Additionally,
171:, Adam, Chendi,
125:as accountants,
123:Mihail Sadoveanu
38:communist regime
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1320:Wayback Machine
1311:Victor Durnea,
1308:
1307:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1195:George Diamandy
1172:
1121:Carol Ardeleanu
1093:
1041:Barbu Lăzăreanu
1011:and Jebeleanu.
1005:Lucia Demetrius
960:Ovidiu Papadima
872:
825:Mircea Streinul
817:Simion Stolnicu
789:Eugen Jebeleanu
733:Claudia Millian
694:Neagu Rădulescu
686:Victor Ion Popa
650:I. C. Vissarion
610:Calistrat Hogaș
597:
563:Eugen Boureanul
543:Mihail Eminescu
416:
414:Interwar period
403:
391:George Diamandy
257:Queen Elisabeth
253:
193:Dimitrie Teleor
173:Eugen Lovinescu
156:
143:Virgil Caraivan
133:as treasurers,
115:Dimitrie Anghel
50:
12:
11:
5:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1329:
1328:
1324:Dacia literară
1261:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1249:Victor Eftimiu
1246:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1228:Liviu Rebreanu
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1133:Agatha Bacovia
1125:Dumitru Corbea
1092:
1089:
1083:, Tudoran and
1061:Dan Petrașincu
1045:George Magheru
997:Cezar Petrescu
989:Victor Eftimiu
964:Octav Sargețiu
940:Otilia Cazimir
891:Camil Baltazar
871:
868:
857:Aurel Chirescu
853:Emil Giurgiuca
797:Ilarie Voronca
777:Zaharia Stancu
769:Artur Enășescu
678:G. M. Vlădescu
666:Camil Petrescu
656:, Brăescu and
642:Emanoil Bucuța
596:
593:
585:Sâmbăta de Sus
575:George Bacovia
559:Artur Enășescu
539:Panait Istrati
439:Liviu Rebreanu
415:
412:
402:
399:
383:Natalia Anghel
360:Gala Galaction
276:Titu Maiorescu
252:
249:
244:Zaharia Bârsan
155:
152:
111:George Ranetti
89:Transylvanians
49:
46:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1309:(in Romanian)
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:N. I. Herescu
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:Octavian Goga
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:Emil Gârleanu
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:Tudor Șoimaru
1142:
1141:Oscar Lemnaru
1138:
1137:Aurel Baranga
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1085:Gheorghe Zane
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:George Silviu
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
984:Ion Antonescu
980:
971:
967:
965:
961:
957:
956:Mihail Șerban
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:Dumitru Almaș
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:George Lesnea
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:Scarlat Froda
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
876:N. I. Herescu
867:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:Iulian Vesper
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Ion Dongorozi
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
722:Radu Boureanu
719:
715:
711:
710:Mircea Eliade
707:
706:Octav Dessila
703:
699:
698:Horia Furtună
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:Mircea Damian
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Ion Petrovici
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
603:
592:
590:
586:
582:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:Panait Mușoiu
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:George Coșbuc
531:
528:
524:
514:
510:
508:
507:King Carol II
504:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Romulus Dianu
443:
440:
436:
433:
429:
420:
411:
409:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:Tudor Arghezi
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
313:
308:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
248:
245:
241:
240:Ion Minulescu
237:
236:Octavian Goga
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:Nicolae Iorga
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
151:
149:
144:
140:
136:
135:Emil Gârleanu
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
92:Ilarie Chendi
90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
54:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1326:, nr. 2/2008
1323:
1153:
1109:
1102:
1053:Dinu Nicodin
1029:Ion Călugăru
1013:
1007:, Boureanu,
1001:Mihai Beniuc
976:
962:, Boureanu,
944:Ion Buzdugan
928:Radu Tudoran
887:Felix Aderca
880:
873:
870:World War II
861:
845:Teofil Lianu
837:Ștefan Baciu
833:Vlaicu Bârna
831:, Maniu and
785:Lucian Blaga
761:Perpessicius
745:Adrian Maniu
726:
690:Anton Holban
607:
601:
598:
578:
547:Maria Cunțan
532:
519:
499:
444:
437:
428:Transylvania
425:
404:
395:King Carol I
376:
332:Piatra Neamț
317:
311:
304:
280:Ioan Slavici
268:
254:
232:Artur Stavri
212:
210:
165:Vasile Savel
160:
157:
139:Ludovic Dauș
131:George Murnu
100:
62:
59:
17:
15:
1251:(1944-1948)
1245:(1939-1944)
1239:(1935-1939)
1230:(1925-1932)
1224:(1924-1925)
1215:(1921-1923)
1203:(1916-1917)
1197:(1914-1916)
1191:(1912-1914)
1185:(1911-1912)
1179:(1909-1911)
1091:Final years
1033:Emil Dorian
1017:Ury Benador
993:N. D. Cocea
950:, in 1941;
924:Eugen Bălan
829:Emil Gulian
821:Maria Banuș
813:N. Crevedia
749:Aron Cotruș
718:Ioan Missir
716:, Dauș and
618:Lucia Mantu
471:Mihai Ralea
401:World War I
265:Spiru Haret
251:Early years
163:newspaper,
80:N. Petrașcu
1337:Categories
1257:References
1170:Presidents
1117:Dinu Bondi
958:, Cotruș,
881:After the
855:, Gyr and
670:Sergiu Dan
463:Ion Pillat
455:Bessarabia
432:Bessarabia
148:Ion Scurtu
48:Background
1149:Sașa Pană
1021:Geo Bogza
809:Dan Botta
781:Ion Barbu
622:Jean Bart
551:Ion Gorun
475:Education
270:Universul
127:Ioan Adam
84:Bucharest
30:Bucharest
1316:Archived
899:I. Peltz
859:(1939).
839:(1936),
835:(1935),
823:(1934),
791:(1930),
757:Radu Gyr
747:(1925),
737:G. Talaz
731:(1922),
724:(1939).
712:(1936),
688:(1934),
676:(1932),
668:(1931),
660:(1930),
648:(1928),
646:Ion Foti
616:(1923),
612:(1922),
602:Viitorul
491:Interior
320:Ploiești
227:Bukovina
154:Founding
78:, while
22:Romanian
1065:Ion Pas
907:A. Toma
801:D. Nanu
589:Bușteni
483:Finance
451:Oltenia
312:Cumpăna
161:Minerva
34:Romania
595:Prizes
523:Brașov
362:, and
330:, and
328:Galați
286:, and
225:or in
74:, and
1322:, in
487:Labor
336:Sibiu
324:Buzău
1156:Cluj
1147:and
1123:and
977:The
946:and
847:and
819:and
803:and
787:and
743:and
735:and
704:and
684:and
672:and
664:and
644:and
573:and
479:Arts
387:Iași
340:Arad
195:and
137:and
129:and
121:and
113:and
94:and
16:The
372:lei
1339::
1265:^
1143:,
1139:,
1087:.
1079:,
1075:,
1071:,
1067:,
1063:,
1059:,
1055:,
1051:,
1047:,
1043:,
1039:,
1035:,
1031:,
1027:,
1023:,
1019:,
1003:,
954:,
942:,
938:,
934:,
930:,
926:,
922:,
914:,
901:,
889:,
843:,
827:,
815:,
799:,
783:,
775:,
767:,
763:,
755:,
751:,
700:,
696:,
692:,
640:,
620:,
569:,
565:,
561:,
557:,
553:,
549:,
489:,
485:,
481:,
477:,
465:,
461:,
358:,
346:,
326:,
322:,
282:,
278:,
242:,
234:,
191:,
187:,
183:,
98:.
70:,
44:.
32:,
24::
20:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
