60:
789:, "and make its past live again in modern romance". Scott's novels "are in the mode he himself defined as romance, 'the interest of which turns upon marvelous and uncommon incidents'". He used his imagination to re-evaluate history by rendering things, incidents and protagonists in the way only the novelist could do. Scott, the novelist, resorted to documentary sources as any historian would have done, but as a romantic he gave his subject a deeper imaginative and emotional significance. By combining research with "marvelous and uncommon incidents", Scott attracted a far wider market than any historian could, and was the most famous novelist of his generation,
1518:
1300:
703:, especially Miss Havisham, the bride frozen in time, and the ruined Satis House filled with weeds and spiders. Other characters linked to this genre include the aristocratic Bentley Drummle, because of his extreme cruelty; Pip himself, who spends his youth chasing a frozen beauty; the monstrous Orlick, who systematically attempts to murder his employers. Then there is the fight to the death between Compeyson and Magwitch, and the fire that ends up killing Miss Havisham, scenes dominated by horror, suspense, and the sensational.
1205:. Because Heyer's romances are set more than 100 years earlier, she includes carefully researched historical detail to help her readers understand the period. Unlike other popular love-romance novels of the time, Heyer's novels used the setting as a major plot device. Her characters often exhibit twentieth century sensibilities, and more conventional characters in the novels point out the heroine's eccentricities, such as wanting to marry for love.
1748:
1985:. Impressed with the caves behind the falls, one member of the party suggested that "here was the very scene for a romance." Cooper promised "that a book should be written, in which these caves should have a place; the idea of a romance essentially Indian in character then first suggesting itself to his mind." Cooper has been called the "American Walter Scott." Critic
2334:(The Betrothed). Scott himself recognized Manzoni's greatness. When in Milan Manzoni told him that he was his pupil, Scott replied that in that case Manzoni's was his best work. It is, however, very characteristic that while Scott was able to write a profusion of novels about English and Scottish society, Manzoni confined himself to this single masterpiece (p.69)
566:
1322: An adventure is an event or series of events that happens outside the course of the protagonist's ordinary life, usually accompanied by danger, often by physical action. Adventure stories almost always move quickly, and the pace of the plot is at least as important as characterization, setting and other elements of a creative work.
883:'s gothic novels combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism. Romanticism influenced the romance through its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, and preference for the
312:. Such a world is often called "pseudo-medieval"—particularly when the writer has snatched up random elements from the era, which covered a thousand years and a continent, and thrown them together without consideration for their compatibility, or even introduced ideas not so much based on the medieval era as on
1736:, (1869) in his preface, as a romance and not a historical novel, because the author neither "dares, nor desires, to claim for it the dignity or cumber it with the difficulty of an historical novel." As such, it combines elements of traditional romance, of Sir Walter Scott's historical novel tradition, of the
283:
the conditions and concerns of everyday life. In this sense, romance is a broad term which can include or overlap with such genres as the historical novel or fantasy. In popular culture, however, a romance has come to mean specifically a love story, in which a happy ending follows a series of vicissitudes.
2037:
My Dear Sir, — In the latter part of the coming autumn I shall have ready a new work; and I write you now to propose its publication in
England. The book is a romance of adventure, founded upon certain wild legends in the Southern Sperm Whale Fisheries, and illustrated by the author's own personal
282:
With the rise of realism in the novel, the romance began to be considered a less serious and more frivolous genre, so that in the 20th century the term 'romantic novel' is often used disparagingly, to imply a contrast with a realist novel ... The term gradually came to mean any fiction remote from
1364:
Variations kept the genre alive. From the mid-19th century onwards, when mass literacy grew, adventure became a popular subgenre of fiction. Although not exploited to its fullest, adventure has seen many changes over the years – from being constrained to stories of knights in armor to stories of
316:
of it. When these worlds are copied not so much from history as from other fantasy works, there is a heavy tendency to uniformity and lack of realism. The full width and breadth of the medieval era is seldom drawn upon. Governments, for instance, tend to be uncompromisingly feudal-based, or evil
1072:
consistently subverts the romantic narrative. Our first encounter with
Heathcliff shows him to be a nasty bully. Later, Brontë puts in Heathcliff's mouth an explicit warning not to turn him into a Byronic hero: After ... Isabella elop with him, he sneers that she did so "under a delusion ...
2405:." He also noted that "In the library of the Tolstoy Museum in Russia there are many of Scott's books, including some early editions". He "said some of Scott's books in the museum's library had comments written by Leo Tolstoy beside the text - but he would not reveal what they said".
852:". Auguste- Jean-Baptiste Defauconpret (1767–1843) "the principal French translator of the Waverley Novels, played a pivotal role in the diffusion of Scott's work throughout Europe". "In Italy, Poland, Russia, and Spain they were widely read long before indigenous versions appeared."
542:
is, generally speaking, not significant in the works of romance writers, Walter Scott's definition includes "marvellous and uncommon incidents". Hawthorne, as noted above, also described romance as "not being concerned with the possible or probable course of ordinary experience".
2371:
Walter Scott was perhaps more popular in Russia, "in the late 1820s and 1830s", than anywhere "on the
Continent", through the French translations of Auguste- Jean-Baptiste Defauconpret. Amongst "pilgrims to Abbotsford a large proportion of Russian writers, diplomats, soldiers."
2054:
characters, often in violent situations. Her stories usually focus on morally flawed characters, frequently interacting with people with disabilities or disabled themselves (as O'Connor was), while the issue of race often appears. Most of her works feature disturbing elements.
1064:
as a love story not only "romanticizes abusive men and toxic relationships but goes against Brontë's clear intent". Moreover, while a "passionate, doomed, death-transcending relationship between
Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton forms the core of the novel",
253:
A fictitious narrative, usually in prose, in which the settings or the events depicted are remote from everyday life, or in which sensational or exciting events or adventures form the central theme; a book, etc., containing such a narrative. Now chiefly archaic and
451:(1605, 1615). Initially seen as a comedy satirizing chivalry, in the 19th century it was seen as a social commentary, but no one could easily tell "whose side Cervantes was on". Many critics came to view the work as a tragedy in which Don Quixote's idealism and
1537:
genius was his ability to create a stream of brand new, wholly original stories out of thin air. Originality was Wells's calling card. In a six-year stretch from 1895 to 1901, he produced a stream of what he called "scientific romance" novels, which included
627:("a strict adherence to common life," in his words). By combining fantastic situations (helmets falling from the sky, walking portraits, etc.) with supposedly real people acting in a "natural" manner, Walpole created a new and distinct style of
856:, edited by Murray Pittock, has articles on Scott's influence on the novels throughout Europe, including France, Spain, Austria, Germany, Russia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. (See also, "Other authors", below).
1997:
to Sir Walter Scott's "middling characters; because they do not represent the extremes of society, these figures can serve as tools for the social and cultural exploration of historical events, without directly portraying the history itself".
132:, or "the character or quality that makes something appeal strongly to the imagination, and sets it apart from ... everyday life" and is associated with "adventure, heroism, chivalry, etc." (OED). The latter sense connects it with the
819:
Walter Scott had an immense impact throughout Europe. "His historical fiction ... created for the first time a sense of the past as a place where people thought, felt and dressed differently". His historical romances "influenced
2379:, "in his capacity a poet, ... a collector of folk-songs and ... the originator of the historical novel based on life ... We know that Pushkin's library contained not only Walter Scott's novels, but also his poetical works".
1010:
had a happy ending, when after Mr. B attempts unsuccessfully to seduce and rape Pamela multiple times, he eventually rewards her virtue by sincerely proposing an equitable marriage to her. Richardson began writing
891:; its emphasis on extremes of emotion and its reaction against the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment, and associated classical aesthetic values, were also a significant influence.
623:, the ancient and the modern." He defines the "ancient" romance as being defined by its fantastic nature ("its imagination and improbability") while defining the "modern" romance as being more deeply rooted in
113:, where the primary focus is on love and marriage. The term "romance" is now mainly used to refer to this type, and for other fiction it is "now chiefly archaic and historical" (OED). Works of fiction such as
2329:
In Italy Scott found a successor who, though in a single, isolated work, nevertheless broadened his tendencies with superb originality, in some respect surpassing him. We refer, of course, to
Manzoni's
1212:
began releasing hardback romance novels. The books were sold through weekly two-penny libraries. In the 1950s the company began offering the books for sale through newsagents across the United
Kingdom.
2393:". "Mr Tolstoy ... the director of the Leo Tolstoy Museum and president of the Russian Museums' Association, said his great-great grandfather drew great inspiration from Scott's novels, particularly
1904:
257:
A story of romantic love, esp. one which deals with love in a sentimental or idealized way; a book, film, etc., with a narrative or story of this kind. Also as mass noun: literature of this kind.
3506:
1679:
as superior to anything else written by Wells's
British contemporaries. Nabokov said: "His sociological cogitations can be safely ignored, of course, but his romances and fantasies are superb."
2427:, the best Spanish historical novel, written in imitation of Scott; Francisco Navarro Villoslada (1818–1895), who wrote a series of historical novels when the romantic genre was in decline and
289:
As noted above a relationship exists between romance and "fantasy", something which arises in particular because of the relationship between this type of novel and medieval chivalric romances.
3600:
1252:– combining "romance and realism" in a way that "strains both modes to the limit". The loss of identity is seen in many sensation fiction stories because this was a common social anxiety.
3909:
Brian
Stableford, "Against the New Gods: The Speculative Fiction of S. Fowler Wright". in Against the New Gods and Other Essays on Writers of Imaginative Fiction Wildside Press LLC, 2009
681:
and incorporated gothic imagery, settings and plot devices in his works. Victorian gothic moved from castles and abbeys into contemporary urban environments: in particular London, in
648:
is widely regarded as the first Gothic novel, and, with its knights, villains, wronged maidens, haunted corridors and things that go bump in the night, is the spiritual godfather of
128:
The terms "romance novel" and "historical romance" are ambiguous, because the words "romance", and "romantic", can have different meanings: for example, romance can refer to either
898:
suggested "the general principle that most 'historical novels' are romances". In addition to
Walpole, Scott, and the Brontës other romance writers (as defined by Scott) include
1096:, noted that what he describes as the "wonderfully extravagant novel" is "pointedly subtitled 'A Romance'." He says it is at once "a detective story" and "an adultery novel."
79:, is a "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents". This genre contrasted with the main tradition of the
1481:(1886) – A kind and intelligent physician turns into a psychopathic monster after imbibing a drug intended to separate good from evil in a personality (a gothic novel);
1060:
as being, both "one of the greatest love stories in the
English language", while at the same time a "most brutal revenge narratives". Some critics suggest that reading
3051:
2230:(1872). His novels, always very well documented, are generally set in the second half of the 19th century, taking into account the technological advances of the time.
321:, usually corrupt, while there was far more variety of rule in the actual Middle Ages. Fantasy worlds also tend to be economically medieval, and disproportionately
506:
and admired its writing style. Although the novel is relatively obscure by today's standards, it has had a significant influence on many notable fantasy authors.
1463:
is often a prominent element ("adventure, heroism, chivalry", amongst other things, are associated with the word "romance" according to the OED). These include
458:
While the modern literary fiction romance was influenced by medieval romance via the Gothic novel, and the interest of Romantic writers in the medieval period,
1346:
is not because "Pip's encounter with the convict is an adventure, but that scene is only a device to advance the main plot, which is not truly an adventure."
3675:
Pykett Lyn. "The Newgate novel and sensation fiction, 1830-1868." Crime Fiction. Ed. Martin Priestman. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2003. 19-39. Print
2183:, contrasts with the realism of most of the author's best known works, delving into the fantastic and the supernatural to illustrate philosophical themes.
1052:
as the greatest love story of all time. However, "some of the novel's admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse".
3026:
1361:
would undergo a first set of adventures before he met his lady. A separation would follow, with a second set of adventures leading to a final reunion.
2313:(1827) is an historical novel set in Lombardy in 1628, during the years of Spanish rule, which has similarities with Walter Scott's historic novel
3604:
203:
described a romance as being radically different from a novel by not being concerned with the possible or probable course of ordinary experience.
4217:
3384:
1248:. Whereas romance and realism had traditionally been contradictory modes of literature, they were brought together in sensation fictionof the
3994:
3443:
1006:
was the first popular novel to be based on a courtship as told from the perspective of the heroine. Unlike many of the novels of the time,
407:. It developed further from the epics as time went on; in particular, "the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the
2431:
was coming to be at its height. His novels were inspired by Basque traditions, and were set in the medieval era. His most famous work is
2351:. Many of his most popular novels have been adapted as comics, animated series and feature films. He is considered the father of Italian
3638:
Muller, C. "Victorian Sensationalism: The Short Stories of Wilkie Collins." Unisa English Studies. 11.1 (1973): 12-13. Web. 8 Jun. 2014.
3073:
560:
17:
261:
Overlap is also sometimes found between the above terms, when literary romance also contains a strong love interest. Examples include
1489:
3840:
1634:, published in 1976, is another work influenced by Wells. This novel effectively combines the storylines of the H.G. Wells novels
4177:, Volume Fourteen. Edited by Lynn Horth. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Libra, 1993, p.163
2389:
in Edinburgh and suggested that "without the inspiration of Scott's writing genius his famous ancestor might never have penned
2220:
955:
existed in classical Greece. Five ancient Greek romance novels have survived to the present day in a state of near-completion:
466:
wrote a series of imaginative fictions usually referred to as the "prose romances", which were attempts to revive the genre of
2423:(80 of his works had been translated). The most notable Spanish authors are: Enrique Gil y Carrasco 1815–1846, the author of
4391:
4346:
4260:
3210:
3127:
2848:
2770:
2741:
1477:
91:
describes romance as a "kindred term", and many European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel: "a novel is
2133:
2095:, and E. T. A. Hoffmann "also profoundly influenced the development of European Gothic horror in the nineteenth century".
4383:
Simone Brioni and Daniele Comberiati, Italian Science Fiction: The Other in Literature and Film. New York: Palgrave, 2019
3234:
Paul Barnaby, "Restoration Politics and Sentimental Poetics in A.-J.-B. Defauconpret's Translations of Sir Walter Scott".
2979:
2214:
1855:
1340:
is an adventure novel because the protagonists are in constant danger of being imprisoned or killed, whereas Dickens's
3684:
Loesberg, Jonathan. Ideology of Narrative Form in Sensation. University of California, 1986. JSTOR. Web. 10 Jun. 2014.
2444:
1229:
of fiction that achieved peak popularity in Great Britain in the 1860s and 1870s. Its literary forebears included the
4233:
4202:
4057:
3977:
3956:
3935:
3914:
3897:
3873:
3351:
3014:
2904:
2711:
2663:
2414:
2147:, a historical work in the manner of Sir Walter Scott, set in 1799 Brittany. This was subsequently incorporated into
1839:
John Cowper Powys describes Walter Scott's romances, as "by far the most powerful literary influence of my life". In
2810:, Chapter XXI. "Which perhaps will not be found very Entertaining" (London, 1700) with its call for the new genre.
2448:
486:
fiction, because, while other writers wrote of foreign lands, or of dream worlds, or the future (as Morris did in
2226:
4453:
3477:
4309:
478:
431:
298:
3003:
2439:), in which the Basques and the Visigoths ally themselves against the Muslim invasion. Other authors include
2309:
2158:
2013:
2007:
1631:
59:
3928:
Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature: A Checklist, 1700–1974: With Contemporary Science Fiction Authors II
1160:
Genre fiction romance novels, first developed in the 19th century, started to become more popular after the
1978:
1914:
1763:
455:
are viewed by the post-chivalric world as insane, and are defeated and rendered useless by common reality.
4479:
2292:
1546:
1427:
1242:
1349:
The standard plot of Medieval romances was a series of adventures. Following a plot framework as old as
2733:
2199:
1261:
1099:
Many famous literary fiction romance novels, unlike most mass-market novels, end tragically, including
993:
434:
should be called "romances", because they resemble late medieval and early modern "chivalric romance".
3464:. Edited by Ian Jack and Introduction and notes by Helen Small. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. vii.
4368:
4194:
3523:
1827:
1564:
1255:
Sensation fiction is commonly seen to have emerged as a definable genre in the wake of three novels:
1081:
472:
83:, which realistically depict life. These works frequently, but not exclusively, take the form of the
63:"How Arthur by the mean of Merlin gat Excalibur his sword of the Lady of the Lake", illustration for
790:
4484:
1833:
1687:
As noted, many European languages do not distinguish romances from novels. In France, for example,
1675:
1659:
described Wells as his favourite writer when he was a boy and "a great artist." He went on to cite
1499:
1089:
936:
598:
2688:
2440:
1370:
4489:
3527:
2762:
1879:(Lady of the Lake), and two survivors of an ancient race of giants. When John Cowper Powys began
1421:
1281:
718:) is a broad category of fiction in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.
632:
556:
1048:, and "demonstrate the flexibility of the romance novel form". One 2007 British poll presented
462:
and J. R. R. Tolkien were directly influenced by medieval literature. In the nineteenth century
4125:
4108:
2920:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981, letter #239 to Peter Szabo Szentmihalyi, draft, October 1971.
2233:
2195:
2100:
2019:
1881:
1860:
1793:
1456:
1444:
1410:
1394:
1276:
1131:
963:
911:
805:
770:
656:, the creaking floorboards of Edgar Allan Poe and the shifting stairs and walking portraits of
603:
168:
4336:
4047:
4022:
3507:
Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, Books of The Times; "When There Was Such a Thing as Romantic Love"
3419:
3096:
2826:
2811:
1994:
1966:
1922:
1841:
1636:
1558:
1077:
Emily Brontë was influenced by Walter Scott, the gothic novel, and romanticism more broadly.
588:
519:
308:
2149:
1517:
4494:
4244:
3552:
3548:
3247:
2944:
2204:
2043:
1970:
1961:
1761:
classified his novels under three headings: "novels of character and environment", such as
1336:
1150:
845:
797:
3205:. Series: The reception of British and Irish authors in Europe. Bloomsbury: London, 2014.
8:
2728:
2237:
2170:
2092:
2002:
1938:
1930:
1846:
1775:
1350:
1266:
907:
888:
442:
365:
200:
164:
145:
2675:
1646:(1895) into the same reality. Action takes place both in Victorian England and on Mars.
1031:
3815:
3756:
3238:, Spring 2011, Vol. 20, No. 1, Readings in Romantic Translation (Spring 2011), pp. 6-28
2304:
1974:
1950:
1918:
1592:
1436:
1342:
1287:
1126:
711:
695:
404:
396:
239:
227:
215:
84:
43:
39:
35:
3773:"Land Reform, Henry Rider Haggard, and the Politics of Imperial Settlement, 1900–1920"
3719:. Facts on File Library of World Literature, Infobase Publishing, 2009 (pp. vii–viii).
1185:
The mass market version of the historical romance, is seen as beginning in 1921, when
4387:
4342:
4256:
4229:
4198:
4053:
3973:
3952:
3931:
3930:. Robert Reginald, Douglas Menville, Mary A. Burgess. Detroit—Gale Research Company.
3910:
3893:
3869:
3794:
3473:
3347:
3206:
3123:
3010:
2900:
2844:
2776:
2766:
2737:
2707:
2659:
2360:
2352:
2141:
was an inheritor of Walter Scott's style of the historical novel, publishing in 1829
2069:
1816:
1781:
1625:
1552:
1494:
1483:
1460:
1432:
1398:
1327:
1315:
1299:
1170:
1101:
1045:
999:
989:
969:
923:
899:
868:
438:
342:
263:
231:
180:
156:
133:
115:
1903:
1378:
620:
4474:
3784:
2428:
2277:
2166:
1934:
1892:
1876:
1799:
1656:
1651:
1642:
1616:
1604:
1540:
1448:
1440:
1382:
1366:
1311:
1179:
927:
801:
765:(1814) invented "the true historical novel". At the same time he was influenced by
761:
723:
715:
628:
624:
552:
511:
467:
410:
361:
223:
184:
141:
70:
65:
31:
1887:
859:
In America he influenced Fenimore Cooper and Nathaniel Hawthorne, amongst others.
631:, which has frequently been cited as a template for all subsequent gothic novels.
292:
The most common fantasy world is one based on medieval Europe, and has been since
4427:, Autumn, 1950, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Autumn, 1950), pp. 307- 326. Duke University Press
4381:
4188:
3885:
3730:
3341:
2356:
2348:
2265:
2249:
2187:
2064:
2047:
2024:
1821:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1465:
1443:
that has been called a romance revival." Other writers following this trend were
1331:
1222:
1209:
1198:
1186:
1161:
1154:
1136:
1121:
837:
809:
778:
674:
219:
211:
3120:
Critical Companion to Charles Dickens, A Literary Reference to His Life and Work
2385:'s "great-great-grandson Vladimir Tolstoy, 36, inspected the recently renovated
2111:
1611:, all drew on Wells's example. Wells was also an important influence on British
1106:
151:
In addition to Walter Scott other romance writers (as defined by Scott) include
3097:"The Genres of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations – Positioning the Novel (1)"
2892:
2386:
2340:
2241:
2175:
2084:
2081:
1926:
1787:
1708:
1596:
1452:
1390:
1354:
1256:
1238:
1226:
1202:
1175:
1041:
849:
766:
678:
580:
524:
463:
459:
350:
334:
303:
293:
245:
The following are the two main definitions relating to literature found in the
3789:
3772:
3177:, vol.2, 7th edition, ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 2000, pp. 20–21.
2822:
2780:
2595:
The Romance in America: Studies in Cooper, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, and James
726:
historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is
152:
4468:
4252:
4221:
3798:
3312:
3052:"Charles Dickens and the Gothic (2.11) - The Cambridge History of the Gothic"
2960:
2162:
1836:
refers to Mary Webb as the pioneer of the genre of "soil and gloom romance".
1808:
1416:
1406:
1249:
1245:
1234:
1111:
1030:, like Austen, wrote literary fiction that influenced later popular fiction.
1023:
975:
952:
919:
895:
745:
737:
733:
665:"Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole's fantasy castle, to open its doors again",
593:
561:
Gothic fiction § Contemporary developments in Germany, France and Russia
503:
491:
427:
380:
207:
176:
129:
110:
107:
53:
47:
3420:
Marin Wainwright, "Emily hits heights in poll to find greatest love story".
894:
Walter Scott's novels are frequently described as historical romances, and
470:, and written in imitation of medieval prose. These novels – including
3273:
Will Stephenson & Mimosa Stephenson, "Scott's Influence on Hawthorne".
3027:"Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole's fantasy castle, to open its doors again"
2888:
2420:
2344:
2088:
1986:
1946:
1758:
1716:
1700:
1665:
1620:
1016:
941:
915:
880:
872:
756:
719:
700:
683:
584:
528:
338:
172:
137:
88:
2120:
206:
The term romance is applied across a number of genres, including the love
4317:
2723:
2287:
2261:
2209:
2191:
2143:
2073:
1982:
1864:
1769:
1731:
1712:
1530:
1471:
1386:
1374:
1194:
1116:
1085:
1053:
931:
903:
876:
813:
786:
741:
689:
507:
499:
447:
416:
357:
318:
313:
188:
160:
4321:
3693:
2212:(1828–1905) was the author a series of bestselling novels that includes
637:
stated that for "hose who can digest the absurdities of Gothic fiction"
3186:"Abstract": James Watt, '"Sir Walter Scott and the Medievalist Novel".
2699:
2475:, ed. Susan Maning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. xxv.
1973:
in 1825 with a party of Eglish gentlemen. The party passed through the
1956:
1850:
1574:
1402:
1271:
1146:
988:
Precursors of the modern popular love-romance can also be found in the
981:
953:
The genre of works of extended prose fiction dealing with romantic love
825:
2488:,4th edition, revised C. E. Preston. London: Penguin, 1999, p. 761>
2114:, the term coined by another German author and supporter of Hoffmann,
844:, and many others; and his interpretation of history was seized on by
796:
Scott influenced many nineteenth-century British novelists, including
3150:, ed. Marion Wynne Davis. New York: Prentice Hall, 1990, p. 885.
2961:"The Castle of Otranto: The creepy tale that launched gothic fiction"
2180:
2115:
2051:
2033:(1851) as a romance in a letter of June 27 to his English publisher:
2029:
2001:
In the mid–nineteenth century Hawthorne and Melville wrote romances.
1977:, an area with which Cooper was already familiar, They passed on to
1812:
1591:
In the United Kingdom, Wells's work was a key model for the British "
1230:
1165:
1141:
1036:
728:
592:, the romance genre experienced a revival. Other important works are
482: – have been credited as important milestones in the history of
373:
353:
269:
121:
4037:; Doone-land edition; with introduction and notes by H. Snowden Ward
2632:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003
2558:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003
2523:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003
1740:
tradition, of traditional Victorian values, and of the contemporary
1435:
set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the
1027:
2643:
The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
2471:
volume vi, p. 129, quoted in "Introduction" to Walter Scott's
2106:
1891:", but then, in subsequent years, he generally referred to it as a
1885:
in April 1937 he referred to it in his diary, as "my Romance about
1737:
1193:. This is set in 1751, but many of Heyer's novels were inspired by
957:
884:
829:
732:(2009), a multi-award-winning novel by English historical novelist
608:
571:
490:), Morris's works were the first to be set in an entirely invented
452:
377:
322:
3745:
The Romance of Adventure: The Genre of Historical Adventure Movies
3199:
1969:, Cooper first conceived the idea for the book while visiting the
1493:(1888) – an historical adventure novel and romance set during the
3335:
3333:
2382:
2376:
2315:
2077:
1868:
1747:
1475:(1885) – an action romance set in the imaginary Germanic state;
841:
833:
539:
483:
369:
235:
144:
tradition, though the genre has a long history that includes the
3888:, "John Davis Beresford (1873–1947)" in Darren Harris-Fain, ed.
1504:(1889) – a tale of revenge, set in Scotland, America and India.
3841:"HG Wells's prescient visions of the future remain unsurpassed"
2138:
2110:
and even mentions it. The novel also explores the motif of the
1990:
1942:
1872:
1469:(1883) – an adventure novel about piracy and buried treasure;
821:
782:
408:
400:
3890:
British Fantasy and Science Fiction Writers Before World War I
3330:
3143:
3141:
3139:
1439:
literary genre. He was "part of the literary reaction against
4110:
Pages and Pictures from the Writings of James Fenimore Cooper
2946:
The Castle of Otranto, A Gothic Story, Second Edition Preface
2839:
Faulkner, Peter (1983). "The Writer". In Parry, Linda (ed.).
2676:
Gulliver Unravels: Generic Fantasy and the Loss of Subversion
1178:. The novel, which became hugely popular, was adapted into a
388:
346:
80:
3549:"9 tragic love stories to read after seeing 'Me Before You'"
2486:
The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory
2244:
than in Francophone countries. Boussenard's best-known book
1330:
makes the element of danger the focus; hence he argues that
565:
3731:
Seven Types of Adventure Tale: An Etiology of A Major Genre
3346:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–16.
3136:
2597:. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1969., p.95
2510:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996, p. 15.
2257:
1358:
879:
influenced the development of the modern literary romance.
384:
3190:, ed. Joanne Parker and Corinna Wagner. Oxford U.P., 2020.
1459:, wrote romances, including historical romances, in which
3444:"Emily Brontë at 200: Is Wuthering Heights a Love Story?"
2879:, p. 39 Doubleday and Company Garden City, NY, 1976.
2825:
a discussion held in New York City on 5 February 2009 by
4444:, Jan., 1933, Vol. 11, No. 32 (Jan., 1933), pp. 397-410.
4276:. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, 2016, p. xiii.
722:
helped popularize this genre in the early 19th century.
1719:
has argued that it should be considered the first true
1015:
as a book of letter templates, in the tradition of the
226:
can also be romances, as the genre often overlaps with
4421:
Russian Friends and Correspondents of Sir Walter Scott
4338:
Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English: A-L
3694:
Phillip L. Marcus, "Theme and Suspense in the Plot of
3008:
Albany. 1999. State University of New York Press. p.30
2857:
2823:
Edith Grossman about Don Quixote as tragedy and comedy
1526:
Caption: "I was progressing in great leaps and bounds"
1365:
high-tech espionages. Examples of that period include
437:
The rise of the modern novel as an alternative to the
3661:
Hughes, Winifred (2002). Brantlinger, Patrick (ed.).
3490:
Winifred Gérin,. "Byron's influence on the Brontës".
2797:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 6 and 99
2038:
experience, of two years & more, as a harpooneer.
1723:
story. (See H. G. Wells's scientific romance above).
615:
In the preface of the second edition, Walpole claims
419:, in which masculine military heroism predominates."
4249:
St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost, and Gothic Writers
4187:
O'Connor, Flannery (1979). Fitzgerald, Sally (ed.).
4127:
Household Edition of the Works of J. Fenimore Cooper
3406:
3404:
4457:, "What Mr Tolstoy thinks of Scott", 12th May 1999.
3074:"Charles Dickens, Victorian Gothic and Bleak House"
2165:, and Balzac is regarded as one of the founders of
4380:Brioni, Simone; Comberiati, Daniele (2019-07-18).
3122:. New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 134–135.
2933:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. pp. xvi-xvii
2704:After the King: Stories in Honor of J.R.R. Tolkien
2260:'s struggle for independence. Aspiring to emulate
2050:style and relied heavily on regional settings and
1895:, and it was so sub-titled when it was published.
3972:. Mercer Island, WA : Starmont House, 1986.
3711:
3709:
3401:
2319:, although evidently distinct. Georg LukĂ cs, in
2240:" during his lifetime, but better known today in
2134:19th-century French literature § Romanticism
1933:. It is often considered the earliest example of
1807:Amongst twentieth-century writers of romance are
781:Scott "hoped to do for the Scottish border" what
302:. and particularly since the 1954 publication of
4466:
4379:
4226:Supernatural Fiction Writers: Fantasy and Horror
4190:The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor
3088:
2645:, edited by Helicon. Helicon, 2018, np., online.
1945:by profession, Cooper had undertaken to surpass
862:
4289:, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 105–122.
4247:, "Hoffmann, E(rnst) T(heodor) A(madeus) ", in
3892:. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1997. pp. 27–34.
3864:Andy Sawyer, " Olaf Stapledon (1886–1950)", in
3669:
3651:. Princeton: Princeton University, 1980. Print.
3385:"An introduction to Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded"
2419:The historical novel developed in imitation of
1804:(1897) (first published as a serial from 1892)
1623:expressing strong admiration for Wells's work.
1615:of the period after the Second World War, with
69:, J. M. Dent & Co., London (1893–1894), by
4019:The Detached Retina: Aspects of SF and Fantasy
3747:.University Press of Mississippi, 1993 (p. 60)
3706:
3481:, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1857, p.104.
4152:. John Lane Company, New York, London. p. 160
4095:Aspects of John Cowper Powys's Owen Glendower
4082:Aspects of John Cowper Powys's Owen Glendower
3995:"Vladimir Nabokov, The Art of Fiction No. 40"
2756:
2343:(1862–1911) was a writer of action adventure
125:combine elements from both types of romance.
4186:
3627:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English
3513:, 25 October 1990. Retrieved 23 January 2014
3188:The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Medievalism
296:used it in his early fantasy works, such as
4228:. New York: Scribner's, 1985. pp. 111–120.
4130:. Houghton, Mifflin and Co. p. xi–xliv
4123:
3541:
3249:The reception of Sir Walter Scott in Europe
3223:The Reception of Sir Walter Scott in Europe
3202:The Reception of Sir Walter Scott in Europe
3111:
2936:
2757:Chris Baldick (2008). "Chivalric Romance".
1595:", and other writers in that mode, such as
854:The reception of Sir Walter Scott in Europe
523:being called a novel, as he viewed it as a
3988:
3986:
3603:. Harlequin Mills and Boon. Archived from
3516:
3502:
3500:
3175:The Norton Anthology of English Literature
3160:The Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature
3148:The Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature
2375:Walter Scott "very profoundly influenced"
1682:
4287:The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction
4117:
4113:. W.A. Townsend and Co. pp. 121–131.
4084:(London: The Powys Society, 2008), p. 20.
4052:, Oxford University Press (2007), p. 113
3788:
3734:. Penn State Press, 1991 (pp. 71–2).
3327:(1957). New York: Atheneum, 1966, p. 307.
3262:James Fenimore Cooper: The American Scott
3170:
3168:
3094:
2980:"The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole"
2869:
2497:Walter Scott, "Essay on Romance", p. 129.
2186:Amongst writers of adventure novels were
1353:, and so durable as to be still alive in
918:. In the twentieth century, examples are
808:, and those who wrote for children, like
785:and other German poets "had done for the
744:fiction, which is related to the broader
619:is "an attempt to blend the two kinds of
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3290:, London: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, p. 178.
2863:
2838:
2656:The Hills of Faraway: A Guide to Fantasy
2571:, London: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, p. 178.
2437:Amaya, or the Basques of the 8th century
2014:The House of the Seven Gables: A Romance
1902:
1746:
1516:
1490:The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses
1298:
564:
58:
4255:. Detroit: St. James Press/Gale, 1998.
4071:(1934). London: Macdonald, 1967, p. 66.
3983:
3497:
3339:
2977:
2971:
2953:
2942:
2759:The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
1797:(1891, a collection of short stories);
867:Romance is closely associated with the
527:. Literary critics also apply the term
514:both seem to have found inspiration in
14:
4467:
4334:
4106:
4049:Bestsellers: A Very Short Introduction
3816:"Sir H. Rider Haggard, British author"
3660:
3641:
3277:,Volume 28: Issue 1, 1993, article 11.
3165:
3162:, ed. Marion Wynne Davis, p. 884.
2630:A Natural History of the Romance Novel
2556:A Natural History of the Romance Novel
2521:A Natural History of the Romance Novel
2221:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
2046:(1925–1964) often wrote in a sardonic
1507:
641:offered "considerable entertainment".
218:(an older term for what is now called
4442:The Slavonic and East European Review
4307:
4100:
3838:
3832:
3810:
3808:
3770:
3593:
3441:
3428:
3382:
3117:
3095:Allingham, Philip V. (9 March 2001).
2843:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
2722:
2580:Margaret Anne Doody. "Introduction",
2264:, Boussenard also turned out several
2236:(1847–1910) ) was dubbed "the French
1478:Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
706:
4408:Emilio Salgari, il padre degli eroi,
4124:Cooper, Susan Fenimore (1876–1884).
3866:Fifty Key Figures in Science Fiction
3702:Vol. 2, No. 2 (MAY, 1966), pp. 57-73
3619:
3524:"9 Love Stories with Tragic Endings"
3264:. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967
2433:Amaya, o los vascos en el siglo VIII
2208:, which is also a historical novel.
1989:likened Fenimore Cooper's character
1773:; "romances and fantasies", such as
1294:
1208:In the 1930s the British publishers
1199:are set around the time Austen lived
769:, and had collaborated in 1801 with
4274:The Origins of the Literary Vampire
2274:Dix mille ans dans un bloc de glace
1959:. Cooper's most famous romance is
1073:picturing in me a hero of romance".
328:
106:There is a second type of romance,
24:
3879:
3805:
3663:A Companion to the Victorian Novel
3313:"Romanticism" in Britannica online
2978:Missing, Sophie (March 13, 2010).
2248:(1901) was set at the time of the
2215:Journey to the Center of the Earth
2157:, however, takes place during the
1856:Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages
1216:
1040:incorporates elements of both the
422:
25:
4506:
4164:. Penguin Books, 1969, pp. 69-72.
4148:Phillips, Mary Elizabeth (1913).
3717:Encyclopedia of Adventure Fiction
3665:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 261.
2899:. Chelsea House Publishers, 1994
2415:Romanticism in Spanish literature
2104:(1815) was influenced by Lewis's
1767:; "novels of ingenuity", such as
1694:
4447:
4430:
4413:
4400:
4373:
4362:
4328:
4301:
4292:
4279:
4266:
4238:
4211:
4180:
4167:
4155:
4035:Lorna Doone: a romance of Exmoor
3992:
3601:"Mills & Boon - Our History"
2270:Les secrets de monsieur Synthèse
1707:is infused with elements of the
1586:
4335:Classe, O. (26 November 2017).
4175:The Writings of Herman Melville
4142:
4107:Cooper, Susan Fenimore (1861).
4087:
4074:
4062:
4040:
4027:
4012:
3962:
3941:
3920:
3903:
3858:
3764:
3750:
3737:
3722:
3687:
3678:
3654:
3632:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3492:Keats-Shelley Memorial Bulletin
3484:
3467:
3454:
3442:Young, Cathy (26 August 2018).
3413:
3383:Doody, Margaret (21 Jun 2018).
3376:
3367:
3317:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3267:
3254:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3193:
3180:
3153:
3066:
3044:
3019:
2997:
2923:
2918:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2910:
2882:
2832:
2816:
2800:
2787:
2750:
2716:
2693:
2681:
2668:
2648:
2635:
2622:
2609:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2359:, and the "grandfather" of the
2296:is a gothic, historical novel.
2227:Around the World in Eighty Days
1925:. Its subject is the life of a
947:
751:
546:
4320:Public Library. Archived from
3993:Gold, Interviewed by Herbert.
3839:Higgs, John (13 August 2016).
3343:Collected Ancient Greek Novels
3275:Studies in Scottish Literature
2561:
2548:
2535:
2526:
2513:
2500:
2491:
2478:
2461:
1691:is the term used for a novel.
1522:First Men in the Moon (1901).
1512:
1487:(1886) – an historical novel;
242:covers one sort of "romance".
13:
1:
3868:. New York: Routledge, 2010.
3373:Regis (2003), pp. 63, 64, 66.
3221:"Abstract": M. Pittock, ed.,
3200:"Abstract": M. Pittock, ed.,
2732:(Canto ed.). Cambridge:
2449:Francisco MartĂnez de la Rosa
2008:The Scarlet Letter: A Romance
1019:, that evolved into a novel.
863:Relationship with Romanticism
194:
3949:Popular Contemporary Writers
3478:The Life of Charlotte Brontë
3054:. Cambridge University Press
2454:
1915:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
1431:, was an English writer of
372:stories about marvel-filled
210:, the historical novel, the
7:
4369:Article on French Knowledge
3951:, Marshall Cavendish, 2005
3006:The Return of the Repressed
2929:Gardner Dozois, "Preface".
2706:, ed, Martin H. Greenberg,
2582:The True Story of the Novel
2508:The True Story of the Novel
2293:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
2276:(1890), both translated by
1830:, A Romance of the Shallows
1802:: A Sketch of a Temperament
1547:The Island of Doctor Moreau
1524:Frontispiece, illustration.
1428:She: A History of Adventure
1291:(1861) is another example.
934:, whose best-selling novel
502:, who compared the book to
496:The Well at the World's End
479:The Well at the World's End
432:Shakespeare's late comedies
299:The Well at the World's End
10:
4511:
3581:Regis (2003), pp. 125-126.
3572:Regis (2003), pp. 115–117.
3340:Reardon, Bryan P. (1989).
3236:Translation and Literature
2931:Modern Classics of Fantasy
2734:Cambridge University Press
2445:SerafĂn EstĂ©banez CalderĂłn
2412:
2198:. Dumas was the author of
2131:
2062:
2058:
1898:
994:Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded
550:
51:
29:
18:Romance (literary fiction)
4358:– via Google Books.
4195:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
3790:10.1017/S0018246X21000613
2916:Humphrey Carpenter, ed.,
2689:"Quality in Epic Fantasy"
2615:Timothy Roberts, (2011).
2541:Timothy Roberts, (2011).
2366:
2127:
2072:(1776–1822) was a German
2042:In the twentieth century
1859:is set during the end of
1788:Two on a Tower: A Romance
1764:Tess of the D'Urbervilles
1565:The First Men in the Moon
1285:(1862). Charles Dickens'
1082:Christopher Lehmann-Haupt
1022:In the early part of the
699:contains elements of the
473:The Wood Beyond the World
387:qualities, who goes on a
247:Oxford English Dictionary
4341:. Taylor & Francis.
4033:Blackmore, R. D. (1908)
4021:by Brian Aldiss (1995),
3759:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3649:The Maniac in the Cellar
2967:. BBC. 13 December 2014.
2702:, "Introduction" p viii
2408:
2299:
2280:in 2013 under the title
2118:, in his humorous novel
1832:(1920). Literary critic
1676:The Country of the Blind
1500:The Master of Ballantrae
1425:("romantic adventure"),
599:The Mysteries of Udolpho
445:, and, especially with,
356:that was popular in the
52:Not to be confused with
4438:Walter Scott and Russia
4220:, "E.T.A. Hoffmann" in
4080:Quoted in W. J. Keith,
3926:"Mitchison, Naomi", in
3820:Encyclopedia Britannica
3728:Green, Martin Burgess.
3528:Encyclopedia Britannica
2943:Walpole, Henry (1765).
2897:Classic Fantasy Writers
2841:William Morris Textiles
2795:Shakespeare's Late Work
2763:Oxford University Press
2200:The d'Artagnan Romances
1683:Other authors and works
1419:(1856–1925), author of
1267:Ellen (Mrs. Henry) Wood
557:American Gothic fiction
494:. On its publication,
409:
341:, "heroic romance" or "
238:. The more modern term
4425:Comparative Literature
3777:The Historical Journal
2606:Margaret Doody, p. 19.
2532:Margaret Doody, p. 19.
2246:Le Capitaine Casse-Cou
2234:Louis Henri Boussenard
2196:Louis Henri Boussenard
2040:
2020:The Blithedale Romance
1911:
1819:. Joseph Conrad wrote
1794:A Group of Noble Dames
1755:
1661:The Passionate Friends
1628:: A Scientific Romance
1584:
1527:
1457:Robert Louis Stevenson
1445:Robert Louis Stevenson
1411:Robert Louis Stevenson
1395:Louis Henri Boussenard
1326:D'Ammassa argues that
1324:
1307:
1277:Mary Elizabeth Braddon
1237:, it also drew on the
1075:
964:Leucippe and Clitophon
912:Robert Louis Stevenson
806:Robert Louis Stevenson
672:
576:
199:The American novelist
175:. Later examples are,
169:Robert Louis Stevenson
73:
4324:on 24 September 2014.
4150:James Fenimore Cooper
3968:Michael R. Collings,
3771:Watts, James (2021).
3590:Regis (2003), p. 127.
2949:. London. p. vi.
2827:Words Without Borders
2506:Margaret Anne Doody.
2441:Mariano José de Larra
2413:Further information:
2256:(1898) fictionalized
2132:Further information:
2035:
1995:Leatherstocking Tales
1967:Susan Fenimore Cooper
1923:James Fenimore Cooper
1906:
1861:Roman rule in Britain
1842:A Glastonbury Romance
1750:
1734:: A Romance of Exmoor
1649:In an interview with
1637:The War of the Worlds
1630:, by English writer
1559:The War of the Worlds
1535:
1520:
1371:Alexandre Dumas, père
1320:
1302:
1174:was published in the
1090:Possession: A Romance
1070:
1002:, published in 1740.
958:Chareas and Callirhoe
937:Possession: A Romance
926:, and more recently,
846:Romantic nationalists
646:The Castle of Otranto
643:
617:The Castle of Otranto
589:The Castle of Otranto
568:
533:The Lord of the Rings
520:The Lord of the Rings
403:, and other romantic
309:The Lord of the Rings
62:
4162:The Historical Novel
3553:Entertainment Weekly
3410:Regis (2003), p. 85.
3325:Anatomy of Criticism
3118:Davis, Paul (2007).
2467:"Essay on Romance",
2425:El señor de Bembibre
2321:The Historical Novel
2205:The Three Musketeers
2179:, with its theme of
1971:Adirondack Mountains
1962:Last of the Mohicans
1422:King Solomon's Mines
1337:A Tale of Two Cities
1282:Lady Audley's Secret
1151:The Song of Achilles
798:Edward Bulwer-Lytton
579:From 1764, with the
517:Tolkien objected to
383:portrayed as having
276:And in other words:
140:, as well as to the
3607:on October 13, 2007
3448:Washington Examiner
3389:The British Library
3099:. The Victorian Web
2877:Kingdoms of Sorcery
2808:The Comical Romance
2729:The Discarded Image
2171:European literature
2159:Bourbon Restoration
2101:The Devil's Elixirs
2093:Heinrich von Kleist
2003:Nathaniel Hawthorne
1939:American literature
1931:American Revolution
1908:The Scarlett Letter
1847:Arthurian mythology
1845:Powys makes use of
1776:A Pair of Blue Eyes
1573:Cultural historian
1508:Scientific romances
908:Nathaniel Hawthorne
443:Miguel de Cervantes
415:and other kinds of
366:Early Modern Europe
201:Nathaniel Hawthorne
165:Nathaniel Hawthorne
146:ancient Greek novel
4480:Historical fiction
4310:"Honoré de Balzac"
4308:Liukkonen, Petri.
4046:Sutherland, John.
3947:Michael D. Sharp,
3696:Great Expectations
3647:Hughes, Winifred.
3511:The New York Times
3460:"Introduction" to
3004:Clemens, Valdine.
2806:See Paul Scarron,
2323:(1969) comments:
2305:Alessandro Manzoni
2282:Monsieur Synthesis
2155:La Comédie Humaine
2150:La Comédie Humaine
1919:historical romance
1912:
1756:
1632:Christopher Priest
1593:scientific romance
1528:
1343:Great Expectations
1318:genre as follows:
1308:
1288:Great Expectations
1262:The Woman in White
1127:Colleen McCullough
982:The Ethiopian Tale
848:, particularly in
712:Historical romance
707:Historical romance
696:Great Expectations
677:was influenced by
634:The Monthly Review
577:
397:distressed damsels
314:romanticized views
240:historical fantasy
228:historical romance
216:scientific romance
74:
44:Historical fiction
40:Historical fantasy
36:Historical romance
4406:Giovanni Arpino,
4393:978-3-030-19326-3
4348:978-1-884964-36-7
4314:Books and Writers
4261:978-1-55862-206-7
4173:Herman Melville,
3757:"Rider Haggard",
3474:Elizabeth Gaskell
3462:Wuthering Heights
3424:, 10 August 2007.
3211:978-1-4725-3547-4
3129:978-0-8160-6407-6
3076:. British Library
2850:978-0-297-78196-7
2772:978-0-19-172717-7
2743:978-0-521-47735-2
2361:Spaghetti Western
2353:adventure fiction
2347:and a pioneer of
2202:, which includes
2098:Hoffmann's novel
2070:E. T. A. Hoffmann
2044:Flannery O'Connor
1817:John Cowper Powys
1782:The Trumpet-Major
1626:The Space Machine
1553:The Invisible Man
1502:: A Winter's Tale
1495:Wars of the Roses
1433:adventure fiction
1399:Thomas Mayne Reid
1328:adventure fiction
1316:adventure fiction
1303:R. L. Stevenson,
1295:Adventure fiction
1246:genres of fiction
1102:Wuthering Heights
1067:Wuthering Heights
1062:Wuthering Heights
1058:Wuthering Heights
1050:Wuthering Heights
1046:Elizabethan drama
1000:Samuel Richardson
990:sentimental novel
976:The Ephesian Tale
970:Daphnis and Chloe
924:John Cowper Powys
900:E. T. A. Hoffmann
869:Romantic movement
791:throughout Europe
488:News from Nowhere
439:chivalric romance
343:chivalric romance
264:Wuthering Heights
232:adventure fiction
181:John Cowper Powys
157:E. T. A. Hoffmann
134:Romantic movement
116:Wuthering Heights
16:(Redirected from
4502:
4459:
4451:
4445:
4434:
4428:
4417:
4411:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4377:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4290:
4283:
4277:
4272:Heide Crawford,
4270:
4264:
4242:
4236:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4098:
4091:
4085:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4044:
4038:
4031:
4025:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3999:The Paris Review
3990:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3945:
3939:
3924:
3918:
3907:
3901:
3883:
3877:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3768:
3762:
3754:
3748:
3741:
3735:
3726:
3720:
3715:D'Ammassa, Don.
3713:
3704:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3520:
3514:
3504:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3439:
3426:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3337:
3328:
3323:Northrop Frye's
3321:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3197:
3191:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3134:
3133:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3023:
3017:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2934:
2927:
2921:
2914:
2908:
2886:
2880:
2875:Lin Carter, ed.
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2836:
2830:
2820:
2814:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2761:(3rd ed.).
2754:
2748:
2747:
2720:
2714:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2654:Diana Waggoner,
2652:
2646:
2641:from "Romance",
2639:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2465:
2332:I Promessi Sposi
2278:Brian Stableford
2268:novels, notably
1935:nautical fiction
1893:historical novel
1800:The Well-Beloved
1671:The Time Machine
1657:Vladimir Nabokov
1652:The Paris Review
1643:The Time Machine
1617:Arthur C. Clarke
1605:S. Fowler Wright
1582:
1541:The Time Machine
1449:George MacDonald
1441:domestic realism
1383:H. Rider Haggard
1367:Sir Walter Scott
1355:Hollywood movies
1210:Mills & Boon
1084:, writing about
1032:Charlotte Brontë
928:J. R. R. Tolkien
887:rather than the
802:Charles Kingsley
724:Literary fiction
716:historical novel
670:
629:literary fiction
625:literary realism
553:Dark romanticism
512:J. R. R. Tolkien
468:medieval romance
414:
411:chanson de geste
329:Medieval romance
224:nautical fiction
185:J. R. R. Tolkien
142:medieval romance
85:historical novel
71:Aubrey Beardsley
66:Le Morte Darthur
32:Historical novel
21:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4485:Literary genres
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4448:
4435:
4431:
4418:
4414:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4363:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4333:
4329:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4284:
4280:
4271:
4267:
4243:
4239:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4185:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4156:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4122:
4118:
4105:
4101:
4092:
4088:
4079:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4045:
4041:
4032:
4028:
4017:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3991:
3984:
3967:
3963:
3946:
3942:
3925:
3921:
3908:
3904:
3886:Richard Bleiler
3884:
3880:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3837:
3833:
3824:
3822:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3751:
3742:
3738:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3707:
3700:Dickens Studies
3692:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3659:
3655:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3505:
3498:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3440:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3338:
3331:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3307:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3260:George Dekker,
3259:
3255:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3216:
3198:
3194:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3146:
3137:
3130:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2924:
2915:
2911:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2837:
2833:
2821:
2817:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2788:
2773:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2721:
2717:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2673:
2669:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2473:Quentin Durward
2466:
2462:
2457:
2417:
2411:
2369:
2349:science fiction
2302:
2266:science fiction
2188:Alexandre Dumas
2136:
2130:
2067:
2065:Sturm und Drang
2061:
2048:Southern Gothic
2025:Herman Melville
1965:. According to
1901:
1834:John Sutherland
1742:sensation novel
1727:R. D. Blackmore
1721:science fiction
1697:
1685:
1613:science fiction
1609:Naomi Mitchison
1601:J. D. Beresford
1589:
1583:
1572:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1466:Treasure Island
1332:Charles Dickens
1305:Treasure island
1297:
1233:novels and the
1223:sensation novel
1219:
1217:Sensation novel
1201:, in the later
1187:Georgette Heyer
1162:First World War
1155:Madeline Miller
1137:Haruki Murakami
1122:The Thorn Birds
950:
865:
810:Charlotte Yonge
779:Waverley novels
775:Tales of Wonder
754:
736:. It is also a
709:
675:Charles Dickens
671:
664:
569:Matthew Lewis,
563:
549:
498:was praised by
425:
423:Later influence
345:" is a type of
331:
236:fantasy stories
220:science fiction
212:adventure novel
197:
57:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4508:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4490:Romance genres
4487:
4482:
4477:
4461:
4460:
4446:
4436:Peter Struve,
4429:
4412:
4410:Mondadori 1991
4399:
4392:
4372:
4361:
4347:
4327:
4300:
4291:
4278:
4265:
4237:
4210:
4203:
4197:. p. 90.
4179:
4166:
4154:
4141:
4116:
4099:
4086:
4073:
4061:
4039:
4026:
4011:
3982:
3961:
3940:
3919:
3902:
3878:
3876:(pp. 205–210).
3857:
3831:
3804:
3783:(2): 415–435.
3763:
3749:
3743:Taves, Brian.
3736:
3721:
3705:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3653:
3640:
3631:
3625:I. Ousby ed.,
3618:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3540:
3515:
3496:
3494:.(1966), p.17.
3483:
3466:
3453:
3427:
3412:
3400:
3375:
3366:
3352:
3329:
3316:
3305:
3299:David Punter,
3292:
3286:David Punter,
3279:
3266:
3253:
3240:
3227:
3214:
3192:
3179:
3164:
3152:
3135:
3128:
3110:
3087:
3065:
3043:
3018:
2996:
2970:
2952:
2935:
2922:
2909:
2893:William Morris
2881:
2868:
2856:
2849:
2831:
2815:
2812:online edition
2799:
2793:Raphael Lyne.
2786:
2771:
2749:
2742:
2715:
2692:
2680:
2667:
2647:
2634:
2628:Pamela Regis.
2621:
2608:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2567:David Punter,
2560:
2554:Pamela Regis.
2547:
2534:
2525:
2519:Pamela Regis.
2512:
2499:
2490:
2484:J. A. Cuddon,
2477:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2410:
2407:
2387:Scott Monument
2368:
2365:
2341:Emilio Salgari
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2301:
2298:
2242:Eastern Europe
2129:
2126:
2060:
2057:
1900:
1897:
1882:Owen Glendower
1753:Two on a Tower
1751:Thomas Hardy,
1696:
1695:United Kingdom
1693:
1684:
1681:
1597:Olaf Stapledon
1588:
1585:
1570:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1453:William Morris
1391:Emilio Salgari
1379:Brontë Sisters
1296:
1293:
1257:Wilkie Collins
1235:Newgate novels
1227:literary genre
1218:
1215:
1203:Regency period
1197:'s novels and
1191:The Black Moth
1176:United Kingdom
1132:Norwegian Wood
1094:New York Times
1028:Brontë sisters
949:
946:
864:
861:
850:Eastern Europe
767:gothic romance
753:
750:
708:
705:
679:gothic fiction
662:
581:Horace Walpole
548:
545:
525:heroic romance
464:William Morris
460:William Morris
424:
421:
335:literary genre
330:
327:
304:J.R.R. Tolkien
294:William Morris
287:
286:
285:
284:
259:
258:
255:
196:
193:
27:Genre of novel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4507:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4426:
4422:
4419:Gleb Struve,
4416:
4409:
4403:
4395:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4376:
4370:
4365:
4350:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4295:
4288:
4285:Hogle, J.E.,
4282:
4275:
4269:
4263:(pp. 668-69).
4262:
4258:
4254:
4253:David Pringle
4250:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4234:0-684-17808-7
4231:
4227:
4223:
4222:E. F. Bleiler
4219:
4214:
4206:
4204:9780374521042
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4129:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4111:
4103:
4096:
4093:W. J. Keith,
4090:
4083:
4077:
4070:
4069:Autobiography
4065:
4059:
4058:0-19-157869-X
4055:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3978:0-916732-74-6
3975:
3971:
3965:
3958:
3957:0-7614-7601-6
3954:
3950:
3944:
3937:
3936:0-8103-1051-1
3933:
3929:
3923:
3916:
3915:1-4344-5743-5
3912:
3906:
3899:
3898:0-8103-9941-5
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3874:0-203-87470-6
3871:
3867:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3644:
3635:
3629:(1995) p. 844
3628:
3622:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3425:
3423:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3370:
3355:
3353:0-520-04306-5
3349:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3161:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3098:
3091:
3075:
3069:
3053:
3047:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3015:0-7914-4328-0
3012:
3009:
3007:
3000:
2989:September 18,
2985:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2905:0-7910-2204-8
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2872:
2866:, p. 47.
2865:
2864:Faulkner 1983
2860:
2852:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2736:. p. 9.
2735:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2712:0-312-85175-8
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2687:Alec Austin,
2684:
2677:
2674:John Grant, "
2671:
2665:
2664:0-689-10846-X
2661:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2631:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:War and Peace
2388:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:swashbucklers
2342:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:The Betrothed
2306:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:Rider Haggard
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:July Monarchy
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2125:
2124:(1796–1797).
2123:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:Owen Glyn Dwr
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:Joseph Conrad
1805:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:Other writers
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:Rider Haggard
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:Edgar Wallace
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:Don D'Ammassa
1306:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1250:Victorian era
1247:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1112:Anna Karenina
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:Victorian era
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
986:
984:
983:
978:
977:
972:
971:
966:
965:
960:
959:
954:
945:
943:
939:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:Joseph Conrad
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:Northrop Frye
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
860:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
758:
749:
747:
746:romantic love
743:
739:
735:
734:Hilary Mantel
731:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
704:
702:
698:
697:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
676:
668:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
610:
605:
601:
600:
595:
594:Ann Radcliffe
591:
590:
586:
582:
574:
573:
567:
562:
558:
554:
544:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:fantasy world
489:
485:
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
428:Edward Dowden
420:
418:
413:
412:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:knight-errant
379:
376:, often of a
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:High Medieval
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
326:
324:
320:
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
295:
290:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
274:
272:
271:
266:
265:
256:
252:
251:
250:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:romance novel
204:
202:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:Joseph Conrad
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:romantic love
126:
124:
123:
118:
117:
112:
111:love romances
109:
108:genre fiction
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
68:
67:
61:
55:
54:Romance novel
49:
48:Romance novel
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4454:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4407:
4402:
4382:
4375:
4364:
4352:. Retrieved
4337:
4330:
4322:the original
4313:
4303:
4298:Lukacs 92-96
4294:
4286:
4281:
4273:
4268:
4248:
4240:
4225:
4218:Penrith Goff
4213:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4134:11 September
4132:. Retrieved
4126:
4119:
4109:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4081:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4048:
4042:
4034:
4029:
4018:
4014:
4002:. Retrieved
3998:
3970:Brian Aldiss
3969:
3964:
3948:
3943:
3927:
3922:
3905:
3889:
3881:
3865:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3845:The Guardian
3844:
3834:
3823:. Retrieved
3819:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3680:
3671:
3662:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3605:the original
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3518:
3510:
3491:
3486:
3476:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3447:
3422:The Guardian
3421:
3415:
3392:. Retrieved
3388:
3378:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3342:
3324:
3319:
3308:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3201:
3195:
3187:
3182:
3174:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3119:
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3068:
3056:. Retrieved
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3031:The Guardian
3030:
3021:
3005:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2984:The Guardian
2983:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2896:
2889:Harold Bloom
2884:
2876:
2871:
2859:
2840:
2834:
2818:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2789:
2758:
2752:
2727:
2724:Lewis, C. S.
2718:
2703:
2695:
2683:
2670:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2611:
2602:
2594:
2593:Joel Porte,
2589:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2421:Walter Scott
2418:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2355:and Italian
2339:
2331:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2254:L'île en feu
2253:
2245:
2232:
2225:
2224:(1870), and
2219:
2213:
2203:
2185:
2174:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2137:
2119:
2112:Doppelgänger
2105:
2099:
2097:
2089:Ludwig Tieck
2068:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1987:Georg Lukacs
1960:
1951:
1947:Walter Scott
1917:is an early
1913:
1907:
1886:
1880:
1854:
1840:
1838:
1826:
1825:(1905), and
1820:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1759:Thomas Hardy
1757:
1752:
1730:
1725:
1717:Brian Aldiss
1709:Gothic novel
1705:Frankenstein
1704:
1701:Mary Shelley
1698:
1688:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1666:Ann Veronica
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1624:
1621:Brian Aldiss
1590:
1579:The Guardian
1578:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1363:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1314:defines the
1309:
1304:
1286:
1280:
1275:(1861); and
1270:
1260:
1254:
1231:melodramatic
1220:
1207:
1190:
1184:
1169:
1159:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1107:Emily Brontë
1100:
1098:
1093:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1042:gothic novel
1035:
1021:
1017:conduct book
1012:
1007:
1003:
992:
987:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
951:
948:Love romance
942:Booker Prize
935:
916:Thomas Hardy
893:
881:Hugh Walpole
873:gothic novel
866:
858:
853:
818:
795:
774:
771:'Monk' Lewis
760:
757:Walter Scott
755:
752:Walter Scott
727:
720:Walter Scott
710:
701:Gothic genre
694:
688:
684:Oliver Twist
682:
673:
667:The Guardian
666:
660:’s Hogwarts.
658:Harry Potter
657:
653:
650:Frankenstein
649:
645:
644:
638:
633:
616:
614:
607:
604:'Monk' Lewis
597:
587:
585:gothic novel
578:
570:
547:Gothic novel
537:
532:
529:high fantasy
518:
516:
495:
487:
477:
471:
457:
446:
436:
430:argued that
426:
395:also evokes
392:
368:. They were
358:noble courts
339:high culture
332:
307:
297:
291:
288:
275:
268:
262:
260:
246:
244:
222:). Works of
205:
198:
173:Thomas Hardy
150:
138:gothic novel
127:
120:
114:
105:
100:
96:
92:
89:Walter Scott
76:
75:
64:
4495:Romanticism
4354:26 November
4318:Kuusankoski
4316:. Finland:
4245:Mike Ashley
4097:, pp. 20-21
3917:(pp. 9–90).
2891:(editor), "
2584:, pp. 1-11.
2469:Prose Works
2357:pop culture
2288:Victor Hugo
2272:(1888) and
2262:Jules Verne
2210:Jules Verne
2192:Jules Verne
2153:. The bulk
2144:Les Chouans
1983:Glens Falls
1979:Lake George
1929:during the
1927:naval pilot
1865:King Arthur
1770:A Laodicean
1732:Lorna Doone
1640:(1898) and
1531:H. G. Wells
1513:H. G. Wells
1472:Prince Otto
1387:Victor Hugo
1375:Jules Verne
1265:(1859–60);
1195:Jane Austen
1164:. In 1919,
1117:Leo Tolstoy
1086:A. S. Byatt
1054:Helen Small
932:A. S. Byatt
904:Victor Hugo
877:romanticism
814:G. A. Henty
787:Middle Ages
777:. With his
742:mass-market
690:Bleak House
602:(1794) and
508:C. S. Lewis
500:H. G. Wells
448:Don Quixote
441:began with
391:. The word
319:oligarchies
317:empires or
254:historical;
189:A. S. Byatt
161:Victor Hugo
153:the Brontës
4469:Categories
4455:The Herald
4004:9 February
3825:2020-03-15
3394:2019-12-16
3301:The Gothic
3288:The Gothic
2781:4811919031
2700:Jane Yolen
2569:The Gothic
2076:author of
2063:See also:
2027:described
1957:seamanship
1955:(1821) in
1851:Holy Grail
1849:, and the
1828:The Rescue
1729:described
1715:movement,
1575:John Higgs
1437:lost world
1403:Sax Rohmer
1351:Heliodorus
1272:East Lynne
1189:published
1147:Ian McEwan
826:Dostoevsky
551:See also:
374:adventures
195:Definition
136:, and the
101:il romanzo
30:See also:
3799:0018-246X
3558:March 12,
3533:March 12,
3303:, p. 178.
2907:, p. 153.
2829:(YouTube)
2617:Jane Eyre
2543:Jane Eyre
2455:Citations
2181:androgyny
2176:Séraphîta
2121:Siebenkäs
2116:Jean Paul
2052:grotesque
2030:Moby-Dick
1975:Catskills
1813:Mary Webb
1484:Kidnapped
1461:adventure
1334:'s novel
1171:The Sheik
1168:'s novel
1166:E.M. Hull
1142:Atonement
1037:Jane Eyre
944:in 1990.
889:classical
729:Wolf Hall
378:chivalric
370:fantastic
354:narrative
270:Jane Eyre
122:Jane Eyre
97:der Roman
3938:p. 1002.
3850:19 March
3611:July 19,
3103:26 April
2965:BBC News
2726:(1994).
2658:, p 37,
2395:Waverley
2250:Boer War
2218:(1864),
2161:and the
2107:The Monk
2074:Romantic
2011:(1850);
1791:(1882);
1785:(1880);
1779:(1873);
1738:pastoral
1713:Romantic
1711:and the
1689:le roman
1571:—
1243:romantic
1182:(1921).
940:won the
885:medieval
830:Flaubert
762:Waverley
663:—
612:(1795).
609:The Monk
572:The Monk
453:nobility
393:medieval
323:pastoral
93:le roman
4475:Fiction
3959:p. 422.
3080:18 July
3058:18 July
3036:18 July
2429:Realism
2403:Rob Roy
2399:Ivanhoe
2383:Tolstoy
2377:Pushkin
2316:Ivanhoe
2167:realism
2078:fantasy
2059:Germany
2005:wrote:
1993:in the
1899:America
1869:Myrddin
1863:, with
1853:story.
1822:Romance
1744:trend.
1699:Though
1310:Critic
1092:in the
1080:Critic
842:Pushkin
834:Tolstoy
748:genre.
654:Dracula
639:Otranto
621:romance
540:fantasy
484:fantasy
401:dragons
77:Romance
4390:
4345:
4259:
4251:, ed.
4232:
4201:
4056:
4023:p. 78.
3980:p. 60.
3976:
3955:
3934:
3913:
3896:
3872:
3797:
3359:28 May
3350:
3209:
3126:
3013:
2903:
2847:
2779:
2769:
2740:
2710:
2662:
2619:. p. 8
2545:. p. 8
2401:, and
2367:Russia
2194:, and
2139:Balzac
2128:France
2085:horror
2082:Gothic
1991:Bumppo
1952:Pirate
1943:sailor
1910:(1850)
1877:Nineue
1873:Merlin
1815:, and
1673:, and
1607:, and
1497:, and
1451:, and
1409:, and
1239:Gothic
1225:was a
1149:, and
1026:, the
1013:Pamela
1008:Pamela
1004:Pamela
979:, and
914:, and
875:, and
871:. The
822:Balzac
804:, and
783:Goethe
759:with
714:(also
687:, and
575:(1795)
559:; and
538:While
504:Malory
405:tropes
385:heroic
234:, and
214:, and
171:, and
46:, and
2895:" in
2409:Spain
2300:Italy
1180:movie
1056:sees
838:Dumas
738:genre
389:quest
351:verse
347:prose
333:As a
81:novel
4388:ISBN
4356:2017
4343:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4230:ISBN
4199:ISBN
4136:2010
4054:ISBN
4006:2017
3974:ISBN
3953:ISBN
3932:ISBN
3911:ISBN
3894:ISBN
3870:ISBN
3852:2019
3795:ISSN
3613:2007
3560:2021
3535:2021
3361:2017
3348:ISBN
3207:ISBN
3124:ISBN
3105:2013
3082:2021
3060:2021
3038:2021
3011:ISBN
2991:2018
2901:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2777:OCLC
2767:ISBN
2738:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2447:and
2258:Cuba
2080:and
1981:and
1941:. A
1619:and
1562:and
1359:hero
1357:, a
1241:and
1221:The
1044:and
930:and
812:and
652:and
510:and
476:and
417:epic
364:and
349:and
267:and
187:and
119:and
3785:doi
2307:'s
2290:'s
2252:.
2169:in
1949:'s
1937:in
1921:by
1875:),
1703:'s
1533:'s
1279:'s
1269:'s
1259:'s
1153:by
1145:by
1135:by
1125:by
1115:by
1105:by
1088:'s
1034:'s
998:by
773:on
740:of
606:'s
596:'s
583:'s
531:to
360:of
337:of
306:'s
103:".
4471::
4440:.
4423:.
4386:.
4312:.
4224:,
4193:.
3997:.
3985:^
3843:.
3818:.
3807:^
3793:.
3781:65
3779:.
3775:.
3708:^
3698:"
3551:.
3526:.
3509:,
3499:^
3446:.
3430:^
3403:^
3387:.
3332:^
3167:^
3138:^
3029:.
2982:.
2963:.
2775:.
2765:.
2451:.
2443:,
2397:,
2363:.
2284:.
2190:,
2173:.
2091:,
2087:.
2023:.
2017:;
1867:,
1811:,
1669:,
1663:,
1655:,
1603:,
1599:,
1577:,
1556:,
1550:,
1544:,
1455:.
1447:,
1413:.
1405:,
1401:,
1397:,
1393:,
1389:,
1385:,
1381:,
1377:,
1373:,
1369:,
1157:.
1139:,
1129:,
1119:,
1109:,
985:.
973:,
967:,
961:,
922:,
910:,
906:,
902:,
840:,
836:,
832:,
828:,
824:,
816:.
800:,
793:.
693:.
555:;
535:.
399:,
325:.
273:.
249::
230:,
191:.
183:,
179:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
155:,
148:.
99:,
95:,
87:.
42:,
38:,
34:,
4396:.
4207:.
4138:.
4008:.
3900:.
3854:.
3828:.
3801:.
3787::
3615:.
3562:.
3537:.
3450:.
3397:.
3363:.
3225:.
3132:.
3107:.
3084:.
3062:.
3040:.
2993:.
2853:.
2783:.
2746:.
2678:"
2435:(
1871:(
1581:.
1568:.
996:,
669:.
56:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
