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358, the Latins renewed their alliance with Rome when Latium was threatened by invasion from the Gauls. Fear of the Gauls might also have influenced the
Hernici to accept a new treaty with Rome, but the Hernici probably obtained less favourable terms than their old alliance. Ferentinum is described as independent in 306, and so must have been handed back to the Hernici at some point, perhaps as part of the peace terms. Of the two Roman tribes created in 358, the Pomptina was evidently located in the Pomptine on territory Rome had taken from the Volsci. The location of the Publilia is less certain; modern historians generally locate it on territory taken from the Hernici, but it is possible that the Publilia was also located on former Volscian land.
579:
Rome; as Livy notes, no open warfare between Rome and the
Hernici is recorded for this time period. Rather, the military alliance between Rome and the Latins and Hernici appear to have been allowed to wither. This might have been a conscious policy by Rome to free herself from treaty obligations and so gain wider freedom of action. However, the Latins and the Hernici, no longer threatened by the Aequi and Volsci, could also have seized the opportunity of the Gallic Sack to abandon their alliance with an increasingly dominating Rome. While it is possible that this led to some Latin and Hernician warriors fighting for the Volsci, these could also be inventions by Livy to provide a literary
372:. In the early 4th century BC, this alliance fell apart. A war fought between Rome and the Hernici in the years 366–358 BC ended in Roman victory and the submission of the Hernici. Rome also defeated a rebellion by some Hernician cities in 307–306 BC. The rebellious Hernici were incorporated directly into the Roman Republic, while those who had stayed loyal retained their autonomy and nominal independence. In the course of the following century, the Hernici became indistinguishable from their Latin and Roman neighbours and disappeared as a separate people.
528:, a mutual military alliance among the Latin cities with Rome as the leading partner. However, it is unclear whether the Hernici were admitted as a party to that same treaty, or to a separate similar treaty with Rome. The terms of the treaty included that the Hernici were to cede two thirds of their land. Debate about the distribution of that land amongst Romans and the Latin allies caused discord in Rome, which in turn led to the trial and execution in 485 BC of the three-times consul
673:
delayed in attacking the
Hernician camp due to difficulty in obtaining favourable omens and consequently failed to take the camp before darkness broke off fighting. During the night, the Hernici abandoned their camp and withdrew. Seeing the retreating Hernici pass by their walls, the people of Signia sallied out and scattered them in flight. Roman casualties had been heavy, a quarter of their whole force, and a considerable number of their cavalry had fallen.
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second half of the 5th century, the Latin-Hernician alliance appears to have stemmed the tide. The sources records the founding of several Roman colonies during this era, while mention of wars against the Aequi and Volsci become less frequent. At the same time, this would lessen the need to maintain the alliance. This was especially true for Rome, which, after her conquest of
742:, in 307 BC, the Romans found a number of Hernician men among prisoners taken in battle against the Samnites. These were placed under guard in various Latin towns while the Romans investigated whether they had fought for the Samnites voluntarily or had been conscripted. In response, part of the Hernici, under the leadership of the city of
685:, some historians have rejected Appius Claudius' dictatorship. Oakley (1998) does not consider these arguments decisive, but believes the basic notice of a Roman victory against the Hernici in 362 to be historical, and perhaps also the dictatorship of Appius Claudius and the involvement of Signia as well.
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There is no particular reason to doubt the historicity of these Roman victories, though it is unlikely that Livy's description of Fabius first winning several minor battles and then a major battle, perhaps a condensation of a longer account found in his sources, is derived from authentic records. In
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and into the plains. Fighting is recorded against either the Aequi, the Volsci, or both, almost every year during the first half of the 5th century. This annual warfare would have been dominated by raids and counter-raids rather than the pitched battles described by the ancient sources. During the
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Livy viewed the sack of Rome by the Gauls as a grave disaster that encouraged Rome's neighbours to rise against her. However, modern historians believe that the ancient historical tradition exaggerate the impact of the sack. Likewise, they disagree with Livy's views that the
Hernici defected from
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found that they could not break the enemy lines by normal means, they dismounted and charged as infantry. They were countered by the special picked men of the
Hernici. After a hard struggle, the Roman knights got the best of this contest and the Hernici were routed. The next day, the Romans were
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As usual, Livy makes Rome the offended party, but Roman designs on
Hernician land might well have been real cause of this war. The failed levy of L. Manlius is probably not historical, but has likely been invented as a motive for the famous prosecution of L. Manlius, traditionally dated to 362.
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Livy's extended narrative of this campaign is full of standard annalistic features and very little of the detail provided can have been derived from authentic records. The first military command ever held by a plebeian consul and the subsequent dictatorship of the conservative patrician Appius
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and forced them to retreat. With the arrival of the dictator with fresh forces from Rome, the strength of the Roman army was doubled. On their side the
Hernici called up all their men, and formed a special privileged unit of 3,200 picked men. The Romans and Hernici had camped on each side of a
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After some mostly peaceful years, in 362, the Romans went to war against the
Hernici, starting a period of unprecedented successful warfare for the Romans. Livy provides the only narrative account for this Hernican War. In addition, two
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received command of the war against the
Hernici. Fabius defeated the Hernici first in some minor battles and then in a major one where the Hernici attacked in full strength. For his victories, Fabius entered the City of Rome in
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that the
Hernici were granted "full rights of citizenship" after being conquered. However, while Cicero agrees Livy that the Hernici were granted a form of citizenship he claims they were granted full citizenship as opposed to
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According to Livy, in 366, it was reported in Rome that the Hernici had rebelled, but nothing was done to prevent any action from being taken by the plebeian consul. In 363, to ward off pestilence, the Romans nominated
746:, rose in rebellion in 306, but were easily defeated by the Romans that same year. As punishment, Anagnia and the other towns that had rebelled were annexed into the Roman Republic, their people becoming
575:. Then in 386 and 385 Latin and Hernician men were found fighting for the Volsci. Rome protested, and refused to hand back their Latin and Hernician prisoners, but did not declare war.
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became the first plebeian consul to command in war, but the Hernici caught Genucius in an ambush; the consul was killed and the Roman legions routed.
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Rome was fighting at the same time. In 361, the Roman consuls invaded Hernician territory. Finding no enemy in the field, they attacked and took
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records a triumph by consul C. Sulpicius Peticus against the Hernici in 361, the ovation of M. Fabius Ambustus in 360, which according to the
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to his narrative. Except for these doubtful notices then, no conflicts are recorded between Romans and Hernici until 366
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took place on 5 September, and the triumph of consul C. Plautius Proculus in 358, which it dates to 15 May.
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two-mile-broad plain, and the battle took place in the middle. When the
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dictator to perform the ancient ritual of "driving in the nail" at the
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884:, 2nd ed., vol. VII.2 (Cambridge: CUP 1989), ch. 6, pp. 243-308 at 276
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710:. In 358 the Romans assigned command of the Hernician war to consul
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A Commentary on Livy Books VI-X, Volume 2 Books VII-VII
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in 396, was clearly the most powerful state in Latium.
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254:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1048:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 356.
936:Salmon, E.T. (1953). "Rome and the Latins: II".
795:Salmon, E.T. (1953). "Rome and the Latins: II".
547:and the Volsci, as part of a larger pattern of
1100:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 3.
627:, he was forced to lay down his office. After
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1797:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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16:Roman wars of conquest against the Hernici
332:Learn how and when to remove this message
314:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
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600:against the Hernici are recorded in the
1568:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
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659:. Pending the arrival of the dictator,
643:Dictatorship of Appius Claudius Crassus
551:-speaking peoples migrating out of the
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734:Final rebellion of the Hernici 307–306
677:Claudius ties Livy's account into the
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1834:4th century BC in the Roman Republic
1676:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
1023:. New York: Routledge. p. 322.
252:adding citations to reliable sources
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522:says the terms were similar to the
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1345:Cornell, p. 324; Oakley, p. 4, 175
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564:Defection of the Hernici – 380s BC
539:While the precise workings of the
497:In 495 BC, the Hernici joined the
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1829:Wars involving the Roman Republic
621:temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
573:Rome had been sacked by the Gauls
34:This article has multiple issues.
1809:Military history of ancient Rome
1357:A Critical History of Early Rome
718:were also formed that year. The
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633:L. Genucius Aventinensis
424:Roman expansion in Italy
1447:Roman conquest of Italy
1355:Forsythe, Gary (2005).
1019:Cornell, T. J. (1995).
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1228:Oakley, pp. 4, 103-104
1096:Oakley, S. P. (1998).
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777:civitas sine suffragio
749:civitas sine suffragio
679:Struggle of the Orders
513:Gaius Aquillius Tuscus
386:Latin War (498–493 BC)
75:relies excessively on
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1696:Liberators' civil war
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350:ancient Italic people
1782:Trajan's Dacian Wars
1467:Roman–Hernician wars
712:C. Plautius Proculus
661:C. Sulpicius Peticus
505:of Roman territory.
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610:Outbreak of the war
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1762:Armenian War
1725:Roman Empire
1708:Perusine War
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1615:Servile Wars
1610:Cimbrian War
1563:Galatian War
1482:Samnite Wars
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246:Please help
241:verification
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36:Please help
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1723:Wars of the
1671:Gallic Wars
1600:Achaean War
1487:Pyrrhic War
1437:Wars of the
1390:De Officiis
872:Tim Cornell
771:De Officiis
695:Gallic Wars
468:Pyrrhic War
1823:Categories
1743:Gothic War
1504:Punic Wars
1492:Social War
783:References
758:Ferentinum
699:Ferentinum
478:Social War
304:April 2023
274:newspapers
202:April 2023
186:improve it
140:April 2023
110:newspapers
77:references
39:improve it
1194:7:6.11-12
553:Apennines
549:Sabellian
190:verifying
45:talk page
1388:Cicero,
1263:7:11.8-9
982:, &
862:, 8.69.2
754:Aletrium
657:dictator
594:triumphs
503:invasion
368:and the
1299:7:15.11
1287:7:14.10
1218:7:8.1-7
1206:7:7.1-9
1164:7:6.1-7
1152:7:3.4-9
1140:7:1.3-4
996:6:6.2-3
980:12.7-11
976:11.9-10
956:6:2.3-4
938:Phoenix
797:Phoenix
762:Verulae
744:Anagnia
708:ovation
665:sortied
629:fetials
598:ovation
596:and an
362:Hernici
288:scholar
184:Please
124:scholar
1659:Second
1625:Second
1551:Fourth
1541:Second
1514:Second
1392:, 1:35
1363:
1297:Livy,
1285:Livy,
1275:7:12.7
1273:Livy,
1261:Livy,
1251:7:11.2
1249:Livy,
1237:Livy,
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1192:Livy,
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1008:17.7-8
1000:10.6-9
994:Livy,
984:13.1-8
972:8.4-10
966:Livy,
954:Livy,
716:tribes
499:Volsci
370:Volsci
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1664:Third
1654:First
1630:Third
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1546:Third
1536:First
1519:Third
1509:First
1239:7:9.1
968:6:7.1
878:, in
724:Fasti
581:motif
545:Aequi
366:Aequi
358:Latin
348:, an
295:JSTOR
281:books
131:JSTOR
117:books
1361:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1050:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1004:14.1
925:2:41
915:Livy
904:2:41
894:Livy
845:2:40
835:Livy
824:2:22
814:Livy
760:and
569:Livy
558:Veii
532:for
376:The
344:The
267:news
103:news
655:as
250:by
188:by
79:to
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