Roman calendar - Knowledge

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XX). This was a lunar year of 354 days but, because of the Roman superstition about even numbers, an additional day was added to January to make the calendar 355 days long. Auspiciously, each month now had an odd number of days: Martius (March), Maius (May), Quinctilis (July), and October continued to have 31; the other months, 29, except for February, which had 28 days. Considered unlucky, it was devoted to rites of purification (februa) and expiation appropriate to the last month of the year. (Although these legendary beginnings attest to the venerability of the lunar calendar of the Roman Republic, its historical origin probably was the publication of a revised calendar by the Decemviri in

1723:(355 days), leap year with 23-day February followed by 27-day Mercedonius (377 days), common year, leap year with 23-day February followed by 28-day Mercedonius (378 days), and so on for the first 16 years of a 24-year cycle. In the last 8 years, the intercalation took place with the month of Mercedonius only 27 days, except the last intercalation which did not happen. Hence, there would be a typical common year followed by a leap year of 377 days for the next 6 years and the remaining 2 years would sequentially be common years. The result of this twenty-four-year pattern was of great precision for the time: 365.25 days, as shown by the following calculation: 36: 3966:, the details of which are unclear, but it appears to have successfully regulated intercalation for over a century. The second breakdown was in the middle of the first century BC and may have been related to the increasingly chaotic and adversarial nature of Roman politics at the time. The position of Pontifex Maximus was not a full-time job; it was held by a member of the Roman elite, who would almost invariably be involved in the machinations of Roman politics. Because the term of office of elected 2390: 452: 8114: 8104: 54: 4382: 4006: 3854:

was inserted between them. In such years, the days between the ides and the Regifugium were counted down to either the Intercalary Kalends or to the Terminalia. The intercalary month counted down to nones and ides on its 5th and 13th day in the manner of the other short months. The remaining days of

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who divided the year into twelve lunar months (History of Rome, I.19). Fifty days, says Censorinus, were added to the calendar and a day taken from each month of thirty days to provide for the two winter months: Januarius (January) and Februarius (February), both of which had 28 days (The Natal Day,

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of 365.25 days led to a shortfall over four years of (10.25 × 4) = 41 days. Theoretically, 22 days were interpolated into the calendar in the second year of the four-year cycle and 23 days in the fourth. This produced an excess of four days over the four years in line with the normal one day excess

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The names of Roman months originally functioned as adjectives (e.g., the January kalends occur in the January month) before being treated as substantive nouns in their own right (e.g., the kalends of January occur in January). Some of their etymologies are well-established: January and March honor

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because the god faced both ways, suggesting it had been instituted as a first month. It was, however, usually said to have been instituted along with February, whose nature and festivals suggest it had originally been considered the last month of the year. The consuls' term of office—and thus the

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in alternate years; the intercalation was placed after February 23 and the remaining five days of February followed. To avoid the nones falling on a nundine, where necessary an intercalary day was inserted "in the middle of the Terminalia, where they placed the intercalary month". This appears to

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According to the later writers Censorinus and Macrobius, to correct the mismatch of the correspondence between months and seasons due to the excess of one day of the Roman average year over the tropical year, the insertion of the intercalary month was modified according to the scheme: common year

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Modern historians dispute various points of this account. It is possible the original calendar was agriculturally based, observational of the seasons and stars rather the moon, with ten months of varying length filling the entire year. If this ever existed, it would have changed to the lunisolar

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Given the paucity of records regarding the state of the calendar and its intercalation, historians have reconstructed the correspondence of Roman dates to their Julian and Gregorian equivalents from disparate sources. There are detailed accounts of the decades leading up to the Julian reform,

1830:, introduced a series of reforms in 304 BC. Their exact nature is uncertain, although he is thought to have begun the custom of publishing the calendar in advance of the month, depriving the priests of some of their power but allowing for a more consistent calendar for official business. 2004:

an official holiday in 321. Consular dating became obsolete following the abandonment of appointing nonimperial consuls in AD 541. The Roman method of numbering the days of the month never became widespread in the Hellenized eastern provinces and was eventually abandoned by the

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assumed control of Rome and, finding the priests had (owing to their inclusive counting) been intercalating every third year instead of every fourth, suspended the addition of leap days to the calendar for one or two decades until its proper position had been restored. See

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tied to the nones and ides of various months. However, because the dates at the ends of the month all counted forward to the next kalends, they were all shifted by one or two days by the change. This created confusion with regard to certain anniversaries. For instance,

952:'s calendar had been solar but adhered to the general principle that the year should last for 360 days. Months were employed secondarily and haphazardly, with some counted as 20 days and others as 35 or more. Plutarch records that while one tradition is that 668:

claims the 10-month calendar was fixed and allowed to shift until the summer months were completely misplaced, at which time additional days belonging to no month were simply inserted into the calendar until it seemed things were restored to their proper place.

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The Pontifex Maximus determined when an intercalary month was to be inserted. On average, this happened in alternate years. The system of aligning the year through intercalary months broke down at least twice: the first time was during and after the

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as the last day of the first month and simultaneously the first day of the next month. The system is usually said to have left the remaining two to three months of the year as an unorganized "winter", since they were irrelevant to the farming cycle.

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were required to wait another three-week period if their proposals could not receive a vote before dusk on the day they were introduced. Superstitions arose concerning the bad luck that followed a nundinae on the nones of a month or, later, on the

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but the uncertainty as to the end of lunar dating and the irregularity of Roman intercalation means that dates which can be independently verified are invariably weeks to months outside of their "proper" place. Two astronomical events dated by

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added two new months to a ten-month calendar, another version is that January and February were originally the last two months of the year and Numa just moved them to the start of the year, so that January (named after a peaceful ruler called

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days, which meant that it would quickly unsynchronize from the solar year, causing, for example, agricultural festivals to occur out of season. The Roman solution to this problem was to periodically lengthen the calendar by adding extra days

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BC, says "the twelfth month was February, and when intercalations take place the five last days of this month are removed." Since all the days after the Ides of Intercalaris were counted down to the beginning of March, the month had either

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The Romans themselves usually described their first organized year as one with ten fixed months, a decimal division fitting general Roman practice. There were four months of "31" days—March, May, Quintilis, and October—called "full months"

699:, his supposed birthplace. Some scholars doubt the existence of this calendar at all, as it is only attested in late Republican and Imperial sources and supported only by the misplaced names of the months from September to December. 1801: 1056:

over one year. The method of correction was to truncate February by five days and follow it with the intercalary month which thus commenced (normally) on the day after February 23 and had either 27 or 28 days. February 23 was the

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and Intercalaris had 27. No date is offered for the Regifugium in 378-day years. Macrobius describes a further refinement whereby, in one 8-year period within a 24-year cycle, there were only three intercalary years, each of

390:. In order to avoid interfering with Rome's religious ceremonies, the reform distributed the unassigned days among the months (towards their ends) and did not adjust any nones or ides, even in months which came to have 31 4103:'s date for this was 753 BC but other writers used different dates, varying by several decades. Such dating was, however, never widespread. After the consuls waned in importance, most Roman dating was regnal or followed 1878:

every fourth year to bring the Roman calendar into close agreement with the solar year. The year 46 BC was the last of the old system and included three intercalary months, the first inserted in February and two

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was defined in terms of a Roman calendar year, a Pontifex Maximus had an incentive to lengthen a year in which he or his allies were in power or shorten a year in which his political opponents held office.

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Apparently because of the confusion of these changes or uncertainty as to whether an intercalary month would be ordered, dates after the February ides are attested as sometimes counting down towards the

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The Romans did not have records of their early calendars but, like modern historians, assumed the year originally began in March on the basis of the names of the months following June. The consul

4083:, regnal dates based on the emperors' terms in office became more common. Some historians of the later republic and early imperial eras dated from the legendary founding of the city of Rome ( 3991:

synodic month short. Obviously, the month beginning shifts forward (from the new moon, to the third quarter, to the full moon, to the first quarter, back the new moon) after intercalation.

424:) leap day every three years due to their inclusive counting. In order to bring the calendar back to its proper place, Augustus was obliged to suspend intercalation for one or two decades. 5653: 4660:

In leap years early period after the Julian reform, February had 29 days but was reckoned as a 28 day month by treating the sixth day before the March Kalends as lasting for 48 hours.

2209:, reflecting the increasing use of such date phrases as an absolute phrase able to function as the object of another preposition, or simply originated in a mistaken agreement of 2443:, they were reckoned as "ninth days" although they actually occurred every eighth day. Because the republican and Julian years were not evenly divisible into eight-day periods, 626:

that were dependent on local conditions. Michels suggests this was the original state of all ancient festivals, marking divisions between the seasons and occasions within them.

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Dates after the ides count forward to the kalends of the next month and are expressed as such. For example, March 19 was expressed as "the 14th day before the April Kalends" (

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These are thought to reflect a prehistoric lunar calendar, with the kalends proclaimed after the sighting of the first sliver of the new crescent moon a day or two after the

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to maintain its alignment with Rome's.) A few emperors altered the names of the months after themselves or their family, but such changes were abandoned by their successors.

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The 31-day months of prior to the Julian reform, March, May, Quintilis (July), and October, continued using the old system with their Nones on the 9th and Ides on the 15th.

355:—political considerations continued to interfere with its regular application. Notably, intercalation had to be personally announced by the chief pontiff in Rome so, when 5663: 3894:, so that the civil year should correspond to the natural (solar) year, this intercalation was in preference made in February, between the Terminalia and Regifugium . 4330:, the leap years were not applied correctly by the Roman priests, meaning dates are a few days out of their "proper" place until a few decades into Augustus's reign. 3855:

the month counted down towards the March Kalends, so that the end of Mercedonius and the second part of February were indistinguishable to the Romans, one ending on

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Thus the dates of the festivals of the last five days of February were preserved on account of them being actually named and counted inclusively in days before the

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The 31-day months established by the Julian reform, January, Sextilis (August), and December, used a new system with their Nones on the 7th and Ides on the 13th.

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also finds the coincidence of the length of the supposed "Romulan" year with the length of the first ten months of the Julian calendar to indicate that it is an

518:, this was presumably avoided through some form of arbitrary curtailment or intercalation or through the suspension of the calendar during winter. Against this, 8263: 2540:) an official day of rest in AD 321. The hebdomadal week was also reckoned as a cycle of letters from A to G; these were adapted for Christian use as the 1728: 5618: 4322:

BC") actually began on March 15, 205BC, and ended on March 14, 204 BC, according to the Roman calendar but may have begun as early as November or December 206

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It is clear that, for a variety of reasons, the intercalation necessary for the system's accuracy was not always observed. Astronomical events recorded in

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and the Roman M. Flavius. Its main lines involved the insertion of ten additional days throughout the calendar and regular intercalation of a single

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The consuls' terms of office were not always a modern calendar year, but ordinary consuls were elected or appointed annually. The traditional

8150: 1111:, as were the two new months of the calendar. Most sources thought he had established intercalation with the rest of his calendar. Although 10660: 10336: 8692: 7964: 2288: 6294: 4111:

tax cycle. These cycles were not distinguished, however, so that "year 2 of the indiction" may refer to any of 298, 313, 328, &c. The

2252:, which designated the religious and legal character of each month's days. The Romans marked each day of such calendars with the letters: 8734: 8722: 1170:

BC to respond to a rebellion in Hispania. Plutarch believed Numa was responsible for placing January and February first in the calendar;

8781: 2189:). In classical Latin, this use continued for the three principal days of the month but other days were idiomatically expressed in the 522:

has argued that the early calendars used by Rome and its neighbors were more probably observational of seasonal markers in nature (the

146:, beginning in spring with March and leaving winter as an unassigned span of days before the next year. These months each had 30 or 31 2580:, their position in the calendar when it began around the spring equinox in March. Others are uncertain. February may derive from the 3830:

February. February was broken into two parts, each with an odd number of days. The first part ended with the Terminalia on the 23rd (

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There are some documents which state the month had been renamed as early as 26 or 23 BC, but the date of the Lex Pacuvia is certain.

1115:'s Numa instituted a lunar calendar, the author claimed the king had instituted a 19-year system of intercalation equivalent to the 8697: 4702: 6146: 5628: 10069: 8707: 4135: 6395: 5377:: " In the five hundred and ninety-eighth year after the founding of the city, the consuls began to enter upon their office on 1 3778:

The anomalous status of the new 31-day months under the Julian calendar was an effect of Caesar's desire to avoid affecting the

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order of the years under the republic—seems to have changed several times. Their inaugurations were finally moved to January 1(

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can lead to the mistaken belief that Roman dates correspond to Julian or Gregorian ones. In fact, the essentially complete

3767:), without a mention of March itself. The day after a kalends, nones, or ides was also often expressed as the "day after" ( 602:

until at least the end of the 4th century. Although most Roman festivals in the historical record were closely tied to the

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and took on an important role in Roman legislation, which was supposed to be announced for three nundinal weeks (between

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for another example). The Roman superstitions concerning the numbering and order of the months seem to have arisen from

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of March; they were traditionally part of the celebration for the new year. There was occasionally a delay of one day (a

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At 365.25 days, the Julian calendar remained slightly longer than the solar year (365.24 days). By the 16th century, the

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and Roman dating counted down inclusively towards the next such day in any month. (For example, the year-end festival of

6337: 6321: 5406: 2572:; and the months Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December are archaic adjectives formed from the 10454: 8326: 7782: 4311: 507:

and, without adjustment, such a year would have quickly rotated out of alignment with the seasons in the manner of the

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After the Julian reform until late in the imperial period, this day was reckoned to last 48 hours during a leap year.

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during an unorganized winter period. The unattested but almost certain lunar year and the pre-Julian civil year were

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days. This refinement brings the calendar back in line with the seasons and averages the length of the year to 365.25

972:, who used it as the schedule of royal audiences. It was presumably a part of the early calendar and was credited in 10962: 10291: 10009: 8682: 8331: 8258: 7441: 2369:, "halved") on days when most political and religious activities were prohibited in the morning and evening due to 6418: 4651:

In leap years late in the imperial period, February was reckoned as a 29 day month with all days lasting 24 hours.

2524:. The system was originally used for private worship and astrology but had replaced the nundinal week by the time 2451:

from A to H marking its place in the cycle of market days. Each year, the letter used for the markets would shift

1085: 8275: 8208: 6802: 6777:, vol. II, Part 2, translated by Stokes, Felix, Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Buchhandlung, pp. 2313–2344 6230: 4574:

The NP days are sometimes thought to mark days when political and judicial activities were prohibited only until

287: 5374: 5082: 535: 9029: 8954: 8712: 6667: 6085: 5983: 1910: 645:) and six months of "30" days—April, June, Sextilis, September, November, and December—called "hollow months" ( 6671: 6433: 2492:. Intercalation was supposedly used to avoid such coincidences, even after the Julian reform of the calendar. 10701: 10449: 9525: 2370: 1186:

continued to treat January and February as the last months of the calendar throughout the Republican period.

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reports this tradition while claiming that the months had more probably predated or originated with Romulus.

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long, with the difference from the solar year more or less corrected by an irregular intercalary month. The

10444: 9365: 8969: 8421: 8136: 7787: 7725: 7518: 3963: 2518: 107:. Although the term is primarily used for Rome's pre-Julian calendars, it is often used inclusively of the 6235:, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 283, Cato vol. III, translated by Hooper, William Davis; et al., 5362: 1084:) for the purpose of avoiding a clash between a particular festival and a particular day of the week (see 673:'s lost history apparently similarly stated that even the earliest Roman calendar employed intercalation. 10634: 10504: 10064: 9989: 9748: 8804: 8687: 8233: 7625: 6953: 531: 249: 10844: 10824: 10024: 9688: 9580: 9350: 9122: 8944: 8852: 8717: 8660: 7959: 7764: 7600: 7109: 6620: 6490: 6477: 6325: 4139: 4124: 519: 338: 6404:, vol. I, translated by Roberts, Canon; et al., London: J.M. Dent & Sons, archived from 5310: 5010: 4774: 4712: 10834: 10806: 10639: 10418: 10044: 9137: 9092: 9019: 8939: 8887: 8877: 8829: 8176: 7729: 6590: 6280: 4920: 4884: 2472: 6532: 1988:

cycles beginning from the AD 297 census; these became the required format for official dating under

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states January began as the first month and February the last, with its present order owing to the

691:, although this was common with other practices and traditions whose origin had been lost to them. 348: 305:. Even when the nundinal cycles had completely departed from correlation with the moon's phases, a 3838:), which was considered the end of the religious year; the five remaining days beginning with the 3807:

under the new system. The ambiguity caused honorary festivals to be held on either or both dates.

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ordered a further correction to the calendar method, resulting in the establishment of the modern

19:"Roman month" redirects here. For the unit of military contribution in the Holy Roman Empire, see 10952: 10839: 10789: 10576: 10423: 10054: 10034: 9974: 9964: 9954: 9360: 9049: 8949: 8929: 8844: 8834: 8539: 8479: 8459: 8171: 7610: 7479: 6897: 4902: 4565:

The original 31-day months of the Roman calendar were March, May, Quintilis or July, and October.

4250: 2525: 2508: 1939: 1871: 1819: 1589: 1144: 1124: 1007: 862: 515: 411: 7042: 244:, shortened most other months accordingly, and brought everything into rough alignment with the 10967: 10739: 10540: 10286: 10185: 10059: 10049: 9999: 9979: 9793: 9768: 9733: 9615: 9340: 8987: 8749: 8280: 7436: 7060: 6798: 6783: 6566: 6380: 4493: 4442: 2621: 2566: 2206: 1827: 1682: 1651: 1183: 1120: 1099:

These Pythagorean-based changes to the Roman calendar were generally credited by the Romans to

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kept Caesar out of the city for years at a time, the calendar was repeatedly left unadjusted.

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January. The cause of this change in the date of the elections was a rebellion in Hispania."

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The 30-day months established by the Julian reform were April, June, September, and November.

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in the early imperial period, as practitioners and converts to eastern religions introduced

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attempted to add themselves to the calendar after Augustus, but without enduring success.

2265:, "permissible") on days when it was legal to initiate action in the courts of civil law ( 1022:(368.75 days), which align every fourth year after two additions of an intercalary month ( 640: 8: 10801: 10696: 10614: 10604: 10379: 10296: 10276: 10266: 10093: 9969: 9818: 9620: 9490: 9440: 8759: 8356: 8026: 7797: 7759: 7595: 7545: 7395: 7373: 7368: 7314: 7244: 7212: 4387: 1850: 1796:{\displaystyle {\frac {355\cdot 13+377\cdot 7+378\cdot 4}{24}}={\frac {8766}{24}}=365.25} 465:, containing the months of January, March, April, and December and a portion of February. 301:

but the calendar and its rituals were otherwise very conservatively maintained until the

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and honorary consuls were sometimes elected or appointed but were not used in dating.)

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being prepared or offered but were acceptable for a period in the middle of the day

2229:, this idiom was sometimes abandoned in favor of again using the ablative of time. 2174: 2151: 2006: 1930: 1859: 1527: 1499: 1392: 1278: 824: 809: 788: 745: 508: 368: 344: 276: 178: 6062: 2377:

Each day was also marked by a letter from A to H to indicate its place within the

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As mentioned above, Rome's legendary 10-month calendar notionally lasted for 304

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When it was thought necessary to add (every two years) an intercalary month of

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in 46 BC. This was undertaken by a group of scholars apparently including the

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show the civil calendar had varied from the solar year by an entire season in

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BC. Beyond that, dates are roughly known based on clues such as the dates of

4186:). There is reason to believe the inauguration date had been May 1during the 4179: 4120: 4063:, from 509 BC, years were most commonly described in terms of their reigning 4052: 2562: 2521: 1864: 1846: 1140: 1116: 1108: 1052: 1045: 1019: 684: 432: 378:

in 46 BC, coincidentally making the year of his third consulship last for 446

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Although there are many stories to interpret the intercalation, a period of

659:. The months were kept in alignment with the moon, however, by counting the 10759: 10557: 10271: 10246: 10231: 10197: 10157: 9878: 9738: 9183: 9132: 9087: 9082: 8934: 8744: 8630: 8574: 8569: 8341: 8225: 8159: 8014: 7989: 7864: 7792: 7282: 4848: 4238:). Under the Julian calendar, the year began on January 1 but years of the 4080: 4064: 4048: 2432: 2339: 1965: 1918: 1459: 1131:'s account claims he ended the former chaos of the calendar by employing 12 1089: 973: 782: 688: 681: 595: 310: 298: 283: 280: 133: 6864: 4302:

show the calendar four months out of alignment with the Julian date in 190

3937:

There is another theory which says that in intercalary years February had

313:, to claim that he had observed the new moon, and to offer a sacrifice to 10459: 10356: 10318: 10301: 10236: 10217: 10150: 10130: 9673: 9295: 9117: 9007: 8401: 7994: 7920: 7889: 7884: 7802: 7292: 6841:, translated by Mackail, John William, London: Longmans, Green, & Co. 6705:

The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine: Time, History, and the Fasti

6607:

The Fourteen Books of Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus on Agriculture

6155:, vol. X, New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911, pp. 192–193 5162: 4477: 4266: 4258: 4143: 4056: 3912: 3851: 3816: 2554: 2500: 2436: 1989: 1969: 1914: 1347: 1229: 1152: 1029: 1011: 578:

invariably date their practices based on suitable conditions or upon the

492: 20: 7640: 6640:, translated by Bostock, John; et al., London: Taylor & Francis 6012: 10226: 10221: 10116: 9898: 9838: 9803: 9595: 9530: 9520: 9415: 9300: 9188: 8771: 8739: 8484: 8411: 8243: 8238: 8009: 8004: 7939: 7929: 7924: 7749: 7114: 6551: 6365: 6260: 6245: 5188: 5072: 5022: 4803: 4453: 4128: 4104: 4021: 3876: 3839: 2581: 2558: 2496: 2476: 2468: 2226: 1981: 1943: 1868: 1318: 1093: 1015: 1003: 696: 692: 623: 555: 504: 415: 356: 245: 241: 8128: 6269:, translated by Maude, William, New York: Cambridge Encyclopedia Press 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4354:—are used to generate contested chronologies back to the start of the 4326:

BC owing to its misalignment. Even following the establishment of the

4040:

doubled in length every fourth year, almost equivalent to the present

3775:) owing to their special status as particularly unlucky "black days". 961:) would come before March (which was named for Mars, the god of war). 546:. She considers that this more sensibly accounts for later legends of 220: 10916: 10896: 10629: 10589: 10326: 10135: 9928: 9923: 9883: 9808: 9778: 9758: 9635: 9575: 9485: 9435: 9430: 9355: 9315: 9203: 9173: 8982: 8857: 8650: 8534: 8509: 8388: 8087: 8051: 8019: 7915: 7894: 7874: 6998: 6466:

People, Personal Expression, and Social Relations in Late Antiquity,

6429: 6414: 6290: 6275: 5340: 5026: 4879: 4607:, to stand for "Permissible when the King Has Entered the Comitium" ( 4514: 4239: 4108: 3899: 2627:

In classical Latin, the days of each month were usually reckoned as:

2601: 2456: 2358: 2232:

The kalends were the day for payment of debts and the account books (

2143: 1985: 1426: 1242: 1175: 1159: 999: 969: 857: 766: 665: 571: 543: 237: 194: 76: 6600: 6000: 5988: 5316: 5088: 5039: 217: 10911: 10749: 10393: 10306: 9888: 9873: 9863: 9848: 9763: 9753: 9723: 9713: 9708: 9698: 9600: 9515: 9395: 9380: 9310: 9290: 9280: 9275: 9255: 9054: 8635: 8599: 8489: 8416: 8248: 8082: 7879: 6913: 6821: 6663: 6646: 6024: 5522: 4966: 4866: 4526: 4351: 4037: 3784: 2569: 2511: 2424: 2410: 2242: 2135: 2033:

forward to the next one of three principal days within each month:

1934: 1875: 1128: 939: 911: 893: 706: 660: 488: 477: 395: 186: 122: 96: 80: 7635: 5693: 5207: 4492:, which usually dated the Roman months in the simple count of the 2311:) on days when political and judicial activities were prohibited ( 2130:

day of hollow ones, one day earlier than the middle of each month.

1035:

According to Livy, it was Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome

10921: 10145: 10140: 9908: 9903: 9893: 9858: 9853: 9843: 9788: 9773: 9590: 9585: 9570: 9540: 9495: 9475: 9455: 9410: 9142: 8997: 8776: 8584: 8579: 8469: 6289: 4363: 3880: 2597: 2592:("purifications, expiatory offerings"), whose name may be either 2428: 2401: 2038: 2024: 1104: 1069: 977: 949: 875: 677: 547: 523: 174: 139: 53: 6585: 6036: 5510: 4346:

and a few known synchronisms—e.g., a Roman date in terms of the

3934:

days (making 377 for the year) or 28 (making 378 for the year).

554:

and the great irregularity in Italian month lengths recorded in

511:. Given the seasonal aspects of the calendar and its associated 9918: 9798: 9728: 9668: 9663: 9630: 9390: 9375: 9325: 9305: 8727: 8604: 8499: 6832: 6817: 6351: 5546: 5124: 4861: 4335: 4164: 2529: 2460: 2001: 839: 591: 567: 495:

is about 29.5 days long, such months would have varied between

264: 6480:(1949), "The 'Calendar of Numa' and the Pre-Julian Calendar", 6110: 2620:

or derive from archaic terms for "senior" and "junior". A few

2173:

The days of the month were expressed in early Latin using the

10346: 10085: 9703: 9425: 9152: 8444: 7869: 6296:

Of Husbandry in Twelve Books and His Book Concerning Trees...

6274: 5606: 4843: 4417: 4249:, some provinces maintained their records using a local era. 4100: 4076: 3922: 2444: 2248: 1284: 998:

was quite different. It had twelve months, already including

958: 755: 734: 599: 563: 143: 6882: 6679:, Loeb Classical Library, translated by Perrin, Bernadotte, 1162:, the beginning of the consular year changed from March to 1 10280: 10162: 9913: 9480: 9420: 9002: 8378: 7999: 6562: 6547: 6391: 6376: 4575: 4299: 4195: 4005: 2455:

along the cycle. As a day when the city swelled with rural

2418: 2205:). This anomaly may have followed the treatment of days in 2197:, and took the form "6th day before the December Kalends" ( 1997: 1964:

In large part, this calendar continued unchanged under the

1465: 1171: 1112: 819: 798: 539: 321: 291: 173:. In particular, the most important days of each month—its 155: 4595:

The QRCF days are sometimes supposed, on the basis of the

4276: 2177:, denoting points in time, in the contracted form "the 6th 1532:

Fifth Month (from the earlier calendar starting in March)

1051:

The inequality between the lunar year of 355 days and the

10180: 8474: 5669: 4956: 4954: 4718: 4338:, which permit an established chronology back to about 58 777: 147: 6571:, translated by Kline, Anthony S., Poetry in Translation 5982:, 20.28, tr. William Maude, New York 1900, available at 4990: 4988: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4020:

days but was usually thought to make up the rest of the

1809:

used by the Romans to date their years began in 509 BC.

1078:

being inserted between February 23 and the start of the

394:

days. The Julian calendar was designed to have a single

1086:

Hebrew calendar § Rosh Hashanah postponement rules

6831: 6797: 6774:

Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

6630: 5681: 5534: 5498: 5486: 4951: 4939: 4138:(r. 189 BC) wrote a commentary on the calendar at his 2092:

days—i.e. the ninth day—before the Ides in every month

938:

Other traditions existed alongside this one, however.

676:

Later Roman writers usually credited this calendar to

398:

every fourth year by repeating February 24 (a doubled

166:. This fixed calendar bore traces of its origin as an 49:, a painted wall-calendar from the late Roman Republic 5443: 5441: 5439: 5328: 5100: 5051: 4985: 4780: 3915:

began on the second day after February 23 and, in 167

2225:

once it moved to the beginning of the expression. In

1731: 343:

or before, control of intercalation was given to the

16:

Calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and Roman Republic

6872:"Theological commentary on the daily Gospel Reading" 6867:

The North American Institute of Living Latin Studies

6538:

The Period Anterior to the Abolition of the Monarchy

6122: 4377: 3850:) formed the second part; and the intercalary month 2439:, and some other parts of Roman territory. By Roman 582:, with only occasional supplementary mention of the 271:

system later credited to Numa during the kingdom or

10661:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

6854:

Chris Bennett's reconstruction of early Roman dates

6225: 6176: 6168:

Latin Syntax, Chiefly from the German of C.G. Zumpt

6067: 6061:, 6.13, tr. Roland Kent, London 1938, available at 5412: 5384: 5213: 4927: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4480:, which continued the unique months of that land's 586:of their times until the 4th or 5th century author 6816: 6782: 5436: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 1795: 6527: 6313:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic 5424: 5306: 5006: 4770: 4708: 2447:included a column giving every day of the year a 1214: 1211: 1208: 655:). These "304" days made up exactly 38 75:, with the seventh and eighth months still named 10944: 6357:Mélanges de l'École Française de Rome: Antiquité 4730: 3871:and bearing the normal festivals of such dates. 2405:), showing its nundinal letters on the left side 695:considered him to have borrowed the system from 558:. Roman works on agriculture including those of 6210: 6189:Le Calendrier Romain: Recherches Chronologiques 6186: 5699: 5244: 382:days. This new Julian calendar was an entirely 6728:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic 6610:, translated by Owen, Thomas, London: J. White 5068: 5066: 4281:The continuity of names from the Roman to the 4175:, before which they had occurred on March 15 ( 2287:days during which the Roman people could hold 631: 236:that divided winter between the two months of 201:formally proclaimed each of these days on the 10101: 8144: 6898: 6171:, Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown 6096: 6094: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 6693:(in Latin), Milan: Società Editrice Libraria 6445:, No. 510, translated by Kaster, Robert A., 5141: 5139: 4513:Two days in a row were given the same date. 2427:were the market days which formed a kind of 2154:. The day before each was known as its eve ( 6708:, translated by Richardson, D.M.B., Wiley, 6342:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 5639: 5637: 5063: 4609: 4601: 4580: 4232: 4224: 4216: 4208: 4200: 4177: 4149: 4085: 3919:BC, it began on the day after February 23. 3865: 3857: 3844: 3832: 3801: 3793: 3769: 3761: 2606: 2586: 2534: 2475:sometimes exploited this fact as a kind of 2363: 2351: 2313: 2293: 2267: 2234: 2219: 2211: 2199: 2183: 2164: 2156: 2146:. The kalends of each month were sacred to 2116: 2108: 2100: 2074: 2066: 2052: 2044: 1955: 1923: 1917:had Caesar's birth month Quintilis renamed 1889: 1881: 1079: 1073: 1062: 1023: 711:interpretation by late Republican writers. 704: 647: 638: 615: 457: 419: 405: 399: 336: 214: 59: 41: 10108: 10094: 8151: 8137: 8103: 6905: 6891: 6876:Apostolic Movement (Roman Catholic Church) 6518:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6349: 6259: 6201:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6144: 6091: 5828: 5826: 5504: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5285: 5219: 4693: 4517:continued well into the sixteenth century. 4289:allows general certainty of years back to 4198:mentions earlier inaugurations on May 15 ( 3962:. It led to the reform of the 191 BC 3886:The third-century writer Censorinus says: 2467:) in advance of its coming to a vote. The 1092:superstitions concerning the luckiness of 26:For the Catholic liturgical calendar, see 6482:Transactions & Proceedings of the APA 6471:, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 6463: 6100: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5476: 5136: 4334:particularly the speeches and letters of 4310:BC. Thus, "the year of the consulship of 4306:BC and two months out of alignment in 168 225:, the 6th day before the March kalends.) 162:—and ending with religious rituals and a 10656:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 6722: 6352:"À Propos de la Carrière de Cn. Flavius" 6053: 6051: 5675: 5634: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 4538:This equivalence was first described by 4265:38. This dating system continued as the 4142:that claimed January had been named for 4121:those based on Diocletian's persecutions 4004: 2631:Days of the month in the Roman Calendar 2388: 2138:, the nones occurring on the day of the 583: 450: 57:Another reproduction of the fragmentary 52: 34: 8158: 6763: 6751: 6688: 6531:(1864), Dickson, William Purdie (ed.), 6489: 6476: 6390: 6350:Lanfranchi, Thibaud (October 3, 2013), 6344:, London: John Murray, pp. 223–233 6177:Blackburn, Bonnie; et al. (1999), 6128: 6116: 6073: 5823: 5540: 5492: 5453: 5358: 5346: 4960: 4945: 4933: 4791: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4724: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4277:Conversion to Julian or Gregorian dates 4119:used various Christian eras, including 2170:) was considered particularly unlucky. 1147:—and a biennial intercalary month of 22 499:. Twelve such months would have fallen 471: 160:counted inclusively in the Roman manner 10945: 6662: 6428: 6307: 6244: 5558: 5447: 5418: 5334: 5259: 5130: 5106: 5057: 4994: 4253:dated its records sequentially from 39 2246:. The public Roman calendars were the 2240:) kept for them gave English its word 989: 487:whose months ended and began from the 87:("INTER") in the far right-hand column 10089: 8132: 6886: 6739: 6698: 6561: 6413: 6319: 6048: 6018: 6006: 5994: 5687: 5659: 5624: 5581: 5552: 5528: 5430: 5402: 5322: 5300: 5291: 5145: 5118: 5094: 5045: 4979: 4745: 2337:(uncertain) on days when the "king" ( 1703: 1217: 928: 407:ante diem bis sextum Kalendas Martias 263:and other activities in their proper 6645: 6602:Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius 6587:Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius 6160: 5643: 5596: 5571: 5275: 5234: 4751: 4554: 3821:The Republican calendar only had 355 2612:("to open"). May and June may honor 2505:Hellenistic and Babylonian astrology 1119:centuries before its development by 1006:during the winter. It also followed 480:is usually believed to have been an 6838:The Eclogues and Georgics of Virgil 6335: 5034: 4059:was common in antiquity. Under the 3907:have been generally correct. In 170 3343:ante diem septimum decimum Kalendas 622:, "proclaimed festivals") like the 414:, the priests mistakenly added the 154:, each forming a kind of eight-day 13: 10455:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 6878:(in English, French, and Spanish). 6496:The Calendar of the Roman Republic 4312:Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus 3902:says that the Romans intercalated 3449:ante diem tertium decimum Kalendas 3423:ante diem quartum decimum Kalendas 3397:ante diem quintum decimum Kalendas 1976:, which Augustus had adapted from 197:respectively. To a late date, the 128:According to most Roman accounts, 111:established by the reforms of the 14: 10979: 6847: 6615: 6580:, Oxford: Oxford University Press 6291:Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella 6276:Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella 6181:, Oxford: Oxford University Press 5516: 4542:in his history of ancient Greece. 3371:ante diem sextum decimum Kalendas 3315:ante diem duodevicesimum Kalendas 2142:, and the ides on the day of the 2126:day of "full months" and the 13th 1895:—before the kalends of December. 1814: 598:, continued to be the focus of a 431:had shifted so far away from the 232:was then usually credited with a 8113: 8112: 8102: 6546: 6375: 6330:, Chicago: University of Chicago 6179:The Oxford Companion to the Year 6042: 6030: 5612: 5390: 4380: 3810: 3388: 3359: 3350: 3328: 3297: 3287:ante diem undevicesimum Kalendas 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2596:or preserve an archaic word for 2325:(uncertain) on public holidays ( 1978:their wandering ancient calendar 1940:Julian calendar: Leap year error 1898: 1835: 600:prestigious dedicated priesthood 526:of trees), animal behavior (the 374:Victorious in civil war, Caesar 328:and was still two months off in 10337:English and British regnal year 7965:English and British regnal year 6856:in terms of the Julian calendar 6315:, New York: Macmillan & Co. 6266:De Die Natali ("The Natal Day") 6079: 5972: 5959: 5940: 5921: 5902: 5883: 5864: 5845: 5800: 5781: 5762: 5743: 5724: 5705: 5368: 5269: 5181: 5155: 5121:, Book I, Ch. 12, §§5 & 38. 5016: 4909: 4891: 4873: 4855: 4837: 4819: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4589: 4568: 4545: 4532: 4520: 4079:. After the institution of the 3524:The 10th day before the Kalends 3498:The 11th day before the Kalends 3472:The 12th day before the Kalends 3446:The 13th day before the Kalends 3420:The 14th day before the Kalends 3394:The 15th day before the Kalends 3368:The 16th day before the Kalends 3340:The 17th day before the Kalends 3312:The 18th day before the Kalends 3284:The 19th day before the Kalends 2201:ante diem VI Kalendas Decembres 1996:formally established the 7-day 1929:) in his honor. After Antony's 1107:'s successor and the second of 538:) combined with observation of 252:. This is a typical element of 185:—seem to have derived from the 10115: 6860:Early Roman Calendar – History 6430:Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius 6415:Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius 6086:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 4797: 4507: 4472:The term does not include the 4466: 3925:, writing in the first century 3706:The 3rd day before the Kalends 3680:The 4th day before the Kalends 3654:The 5th day before the Kalends 3628:The 6th day before the Kalends 3602:The 7th day before the Kalends 3576:The 8th day before the Kalends 3550:The 9th day before the Kalends 256:and was necessary to keep the 1: 10450:Old Style and New Style dates 6912: 6746:, New York: American Book Co. 4676: 4129:the supposed age of the world 3732:On the day before the Kalends 3475:ante diem duodecimum Kalendas 1433:Apru might have been derived 1198: 1191: 1048:, Rome's first code of law.) 994:The attested calendar of the 288:establishment of the Republic 67: 10402:Pre-Julian / Julian 8723:Frontiers and fortifications 6758:, London: J. & R. Tonson 6743:A Greek Grammar for Colleges 6740:Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), 6691:Leges Publicae Populi Romani 6464:Mathieson, Ralph W. (2003), 6449:: Harvard University Press, 4681: 4242:cycle began on September 1. 3964:Acilian Law on Intercalation 3863:and the other picking up at 3730: 3704: 3678: 3652: 3626: 3600: 3574: 3548: 3522: 3501:ante diem undecimum Kalendas 3496: 3470: 3444: 3418: 3392: 3366: 3338: 3310: 3282: 3243: 3217: 3191: 3165: 3139: 3113: 3087: 3061: 3035: 2996: 2970: 2944: 2920:The 3rd day before the Nones 2918: 2894:The 4th day before the Nones 2892: 2868:The 5th day before the Nones 2866: 2842:The 6th day before the Nones 2840: 2801: 2775: 2459:, they were overseen by the 2195:expressed a duration of time 2084:day of "full months" and 5th 2058:), the 1st day of each month 1947:Lex Pacuvia de Mense Augusto 1060:and in a normal year it was 551: 129: 125:in the late 1st century BC. 7: 10635:Geological history of Earth 10505:Astronomical year numbering 8782:Decorations and punishments 6491:Michels, Agnes Kirsopp Lake 6478:Michels, Agnes Kirsopp Lake 6336:Key, Thomas Hewitt (1875), 4373: 4055:is uncertain but dating by 3737: 3734: 3731: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3607: 3605:ante diem septimum Kalendas 3604: 3601: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3249: 3244: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3172: 3169: 3167:The 3rd day before the Ides 3166: 3146: 3143: 3141:The 4th day before the Ides 3140: 3120: 3117: 3115:The 5th day before the Ides 3114: 3094: 3091: 3089:The 6th day before the Ides 3088: 3068: 3065: 3063:The 7th day before the Ides 3062: 3042: 3039: 3037:The 8th day before the Ides 3036: 3002: 2997: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2951: 2948: 2946:On the day before the Nones 2945: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2807: 2802: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2657:Months before Julian reform 2343:) could convene an assembly 1865:reformation of the calendar 1190:Roman Republican calendar ( 632:Legendary 10-month calendar 317:to solemnize each kalends. 275:under the influence of the 10: 10984: 9689:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 8264:historiography of the fall 6811:: Harvard University Press 6789:Rerum Rusticarum Libri III 6765:Wissowa, Georg Otto August 6734:: Cornell University Press 6689:Rotondi, Giovanni (1912), 6683:: Harvard University Press 6239:: Harvard University Press 6137: 6033:, Book XLIII, Ch. 11, §13. 6021:, Book I, Ch. 13, §16, 19. 5214:Blackburn & al. (1999) 4140:Temple of Hercules Musarum 4009:A fragment of an imperial 3998: 3814: 3709:ante diem tertium Kalendas 3683:ante diem quartum Kalendas 3657:ante diem quintum Kalendas 3579:ante diem octavum Kalendas 3527:ante diem decimum Kalendas 3193:On the day before the Ides 2700:Months after Julian reform 2600:. April may relate to the 2408: 2022: 1902: 1839: 446: 25: 18: 10889: 10873: 10857: 10815: 10807:Thermoluminescence dating 10725: 10714: 10702:Samarium–neodymium dating 10669: 10648: 10622: 10613: 10575: 10513: 10468: 10432: 10401: 10392: 10355: 10317: 10196: 10171: 10123: 10070:External wars and battles 9937: 9831: 9644: 9236: 9229: 9151: 9063: 8968: 8843: 8795: 8673: 8623: 8562: 8553: 8435: 8387: 8307: 8224: 8194: 8185: 8167: 8098: 8039: 7903: 7857: 7846: 7816: 7773: 7708: 7511: 7457: 7424: 7018: 7007: 6946: 6920: 6578:Oxford English Dictionary 6541:, London: Richard Bentley 5193:Dictionary.com Unabridged 5167:Dictionary.com Unabridged 5133:, pp. 137 & 155. 4611:Quando Rex Comitiavit Fas 4247:Egypt's separate calendar 3898:The fifth-century writer 3631:ante diem sextum Kalendas 2804:The day after the Kalends 2698: 2655: 2635: 2604:goddess Apru or the verb 2547: 1686: 1681: 1675: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1624: 1619: 1613: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1531: 1526: 1520: 1497: 1492: 1486: 1463: 1458: 1452: 1424: 1419: 1413: 1390: 1385: 1379: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1282: 1277: 1271: 1257: 1248: 1235: 1222: 728: 725: 722: 719: 610:, there remained several 607: 233: 132:was established by their 10521:Chinese sexagenary cycle 6752:Stanyan, Temple (1707), 6657:] (in Ancient Greek) 6304:, anonymous translation. 6187:Brind'Amour, P. (1983), 6152:Encyclopaedia Britannica 5307:Mommsen & al. (1864) 5007:Mommsen & al. (1864) 4771:Mommsen & al. (1864) 4709:Mommsen & al. (1864) 4459: 4318:" (usually given as "205 4316:Publius Licinius Crassus 3994: 3799:in the old calendar but 3553:ante diem nonum Kalendas 2561:; July and August honor 2499:began to be observed in 2399:for the month of April ( 2384: 349:active political leaders 347:but—as these were often 309:was obliged to meet the 10963:Culture of ancient Rome 10735:Amino acid racemisation 10065:Roman–Iranian relations 8540:Optimates and populares 7033:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda) 6163:"Of the Roman Calendar" 6045:, Book XLV, Ch. 44, §3. 4494:ancient Greek calendars 3787:'s birthday on the 23rd 3066:ante diem septimum Idus 2999:The day after the Nones 2923:ante diem tertium Nonas 2897:ante diem quartum Nonas 2871:ante diem quintum Nonas 2565:and his successor, the 2185:VI Kalendis Decembribus 2162:); the day after each ( 2018: 1139:days—the length of the 964:Rome's 8-day week, the 284:Southern Italian Greeks 130:their original calendar 10740:Archaeomagnetic dating 10252:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 10075:Civil wars and revolts 9341:Sextus Pompeius Festus 8988:Conflict of the Orders 8347:Legislative assemblies 8064:Dungeons & Dragons 7470:Ethiopian and Eritrean 6833:Publius Vergilius Maro 6818:Publius Vergilius Maro 6799:Marcus Terentius Varro 6784:Marcus Terentius Varro 6724:Scullard, Howard Hayes 6632:Gaius Plinius Secundus 6617:Gaius Plinius Secundus 6443:Loeb Classical Library 6161:Beck, Charles (1838), 6009:, Book I, Ch. 13, §15. 5997:, Book I, Ch. 13, §12. 5519:, Book XVIII, Ch. 211. 5325:, Book I, Ch. 12, §34. 5097:, Book I, Ch. 13, §20. 5048:, Book I, Ch. 12, §39. 4610: 4602: 4581: 4445:of the Catholic Church 4443:General Roman Calendar 4233: 4225: 4217: 4209: 4201: 4178: 4150: 4086: 4075:were displayed on the 4013: 3896: 3866: 3858: 3845: 3833: 3802: 3794: 3770: 3762: 3246:The day after the Ides 3170:ante diem tertium Idus 3144:ante diem quartum Idus 3118:ante diem quintum Idus 3040:ante diem octavum Idus 2845:ante diem sextum Nonas 2607: 2587: 2535: 2406: 2364: 2352: 2314: 2294: 2268: 2235: 2220: 2212: 2200: 2184: 2165: 2157: 2117: 2109: 2101: 2075: 2067: 2053: 2045: 1956: 1924: 1911:Caesar's assassination 1890: 1882: 1797: 1080: 1074: 1063: 1028:), sometimes known as 1024: 968:, was shared with the 705: 648: 639: 616: 466: 458: 437:Pope Gregory XIII 420: 412:Caesar's assassination 406: 400: 337: 215: 142:. It consisted of ten 88: 61:Fasti Antiates Maiores 60: 50: 44:Fasti Antiates Maiores 42: 39:A reproduction of the 28:General Roman Calendar 10640:Geological time units 9784:Simplicius of Cilicia 9536:Quintus Curtius Rufus 8765:Siege in Ancient Rome 8374:Executive magistrates 8076:The Lord of the Rings 7783:Hanke–Henry Permanent 6865:Roman Date Calculator 6568:On the Roman Calendar 6534:The History of Rome, 6320:Grout, James (2023), 6059:On the Latin language 5531:, Book I, Ch. 14, §2. 5407:Book II, Introduction 5349:, Book I, Ch. 19, §6. 4982:, Book I, Ch. 12, §3. 4431:List of Roman consuls 4287:list of Roman consuls 4051:before and under the 4008: 4001:List of Roman consuls 3888: 3791:day of September was 3092:ante diem sextum Idus 2481:tribunes of the plebs 2392: 2217:with the preposition 2088:day of hollow ones, 8 1807:list of Roman consuls 1798: 1346:Intercalaris Mensis ( 454: 376:reformed the calendar 56: 38: 10692:Law of superposition 10687:Isotope geochemistry 9794:Stephanus Byzantinus 9699:Eusebius of Caesaria 9561:Sidonius Apollinaris 9251:Ammianus Marcellinus 8590:Tribune of the plebs 6673:The Parallel Lives, 6563:Publius Ovidius Naso 6548:Publius Ovidius Naso 6327:Encyclopaedia Romana 6322:"The Roman Calendar" 5629:Book I, Introduction 5615:, Book I, ll. 55–56. 4474:Alexandrian calendar 4230:), and December 15 ( 4125:Christ's incarnation 1974:Alexandrian calendar 1828:App. Claudius Caecus 1729: 1158:According to Livy's 1135:months totalling 354 929:Length of the year: 715:Calendar of Romulus 472:Prehistoric calendar 228:Romulus's successor 213:February was called 10825:Fluorine absorption 10802:Luminescence dating 10697:Luminescence dating 10605:Milankovitch cycles 10445:Proleptic Gregorian 10277:Hindu units of time 9970:Distinguished women 9621:Velleius Paterculus 9461:Nicolaus Damascenus 9441:Marcellus Empiricus 8830:Republican currency 7788:International Fixed 7726:Proleptic Gregorian 7347:Slavic Native Faith 6637:The Natural History 6397:The History of Rome 6227:Marcus Porcius Cato 6212:Marcus Porcius Cato 6191:(in French), Ottawa 5702:, pp. 256–275. 4727:, pp. 323–324. 4413:Gregorian calendars 4388:Ancient Rome portal 4368:religious festivals 4161:Q. Fulvius Nobilior 4136:M. Fulvius Nobilior 3879:(February 17), the 3859:a.d. VII Kal. Mart. 3834:a.d. VII Kal. Mart. 3795:a.d. VIII Kal. Oct. 2756:Day name in English 2632: 2181:December Kalends" ( 2031:counted inclusively 1857:and in his role as 1205: 1081:mensis intercalaris 1064:a.d. VII Kal. Mart. 1025:mensis intercalaris 1014:of 29.5 days and a 990:Republican calendar 716: 530:of birds), and the 476:The original Roman 455:The remains of the 254:lunisolar calendars 199:College of Pontiffs 10927:Terminus post quem 10907:Synchronoptic view 10874:Linguistic methods 10835:Obsidian hydration 10770:Radiometric dating 10755:Incremental dating 10677:Chronostratigraphy 9744:Phlegon of Tralles 9551:Seneca the Younger 9025:Naming conventions 8755:Personal equipment 8288:Later Roman Empire 7458:Christian variants 6668:"The Life of Numa" 6622:Historia Naturalis 6402:Everyman's Library 6366:10.4000/mefra.1322 5700:Brind'Amour (1983) 4599:which gives it as 4498:Gregorian calendar 4490:later Roman Empire 4486:Byzantine calendar 4283:Gregorian calendar 4036:days long, with a 4014: 3867:a.d. VI Kal. Mart. 3846:a.d. VI Kal. Mart. 3763:a.d. XIV Kal. Apr. 2809:postridie Kalendas 2630: 2441:inclusive counting 2407: 2393:A fragment of the 2140:first-quarter moon 1984:began the 15-year 1905:Byzantine calendar 1883:Intercalaris Prior 1793: 1340:Intercalary Month 1189: 1109:Rome's seven kings 714: 618:feriae conceptivae 532:agricultural cycle 467: 441:Gregorian calendar 248:by some system of 191:first-quarter moon 89: 51: 10940: 10939: 10853: 10852: 10710: 10709: 10571: 10570: 10526:Geologic Calendar 10388: 10387: 10083: 10082: 10045:Pontifices maximi 9827: 9826: 9684:Diogenes Laërtius 9506:Pliny the Younger 9261:Asconius Pedianus 9221:Romance languages 9093:Civil engineering 8835:Imperial currency 8708:Political control 8669: 8668: 8303: 8302: 8126: 8125: 8108:List of calendars 8035: 8034: 7734:historiographical 7601:French Republican 7507: 7506: 7265:Manipuri (Meitei) 6715:978-0-470-65508-5 6553:Fastorum Libri VI 6408:on April 29, 2017 6360:, vol. 125, 5690:, pp. 26–27. 5678:, pp. 44–45. 5555:, Book I, Ch. 12. 5505:Lanfranchi (2013) 5195:. Randomhouse Inc 5169:. Randomhouse Inc 4422:menologia rustica 4396:List of calendars 4291:the establishment 3968:Roman magistrates 3803:a.d. IX Kal. Oct. 3757: 3756: 2759:Day name in Latin 2751: 2744: 2737: 2724: 2713: 2694: 2687: 2670: 2584:or its eponymous 2542:dominical letters 2396:Fasti Praenestini 2273:, "allowed days") 2029:Roman dates were 1972:used the related 1949:renamed Sextilis 1785: 1772: 1720: 1719: 1429:– from which the 1313:Mensis Februarius 1264: 1255: 1246: 1233: 1125:Greek astronomers 1075:dies intercalaris 936: 935: 828:Mensis Quinctilis 534:(the ripening of 460:Fasti Praenestini 410:) but, following 295:began to be dated 85:intercalary month 10975: 10932:ASPRO chronology 10881:Glottochronology 10797:Tephrochronology 10745:Dendrochronology 10723: 10722: 10620: 10619: 10419:Proleptic Julian 10409:Pre-Julian Roman 10399: 10398: 10194: 10193: 10110: 10103: 10096: 10087: 10086: 10035:Magistri equitum 9950:Cities and towns 9943: 9869:Constantinopolis 9679:Diodorus Siculus 9611:Valerius Maximus 9546:Seneca the Elder 9466:Nonius Marcellus 9234: 9233: 8787:Hippika gymnasia 8750:Infantry tactics 8656:Consular tribune 8646:Magister equitum 8595:Military tribune 8560: 8559: 8520:Pontifex maximus 8515:Princeps senatus 8505:Magister militum 8271:Byzantine Empire 8192: 8191: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8130: 8129: 8116: 8115: 8106: 8105: 7970:Human (Holocene) 7955:Chinese Imperial 7855: 7854: 7775:Reform proposals 7730:Proleptic Julian 7492:Eastern Orthodox 7122:Germanic heathen 7100:Earthly Branches 7016: 7015: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6842: 6827: 6812: 6793: 6778: 6759: 6747: 6735: 6718: 6694: 6684: 6658: 6641: 6626: 6611: 6596: 6581: 6572: 6557: 6542: 6529:Mommsen, Theodor 6523: 6517: 6509: 6485: 6472: 6459: 6424: 6409: 6386: 6372: 6368: 6345: 6331: 6316: 6309:Fowler, W. Warde 6303: 6285: 6270: 6255: 6240: 6221: 6206: 6200: 6192: 6182: 6172: 6156: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6101:Mathieson (2003) 6098: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6055: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5976: 5970: 5968: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5906: 5900: 5898: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5830: 5821: 5819: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5785: 5779: 5777: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5747: 5741: 5739: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5657: 5651: 5641: 5632: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5594: 5579: 5569: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5477:Mathieson (2003) 5474: 5451: 5445: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5372: 5366: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5304: 5298: 5289: 5283: 5273: 5267: 5257: 5242: 5232: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5159: 5153: 5143: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5070: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5020: 5014: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4983: 4977: 4964: 4958: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4913: 4907: 4895: 4889: 4877: 4871: 4859: 4853: 4841: 4835: 4823: 4817: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4778: 4768: 4749: 4743: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4706: 4700: 4691: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4652: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4605: 4597:Fasti Viae Lanza 4593: 4587: 4584: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4470: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4361: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4309: 4305: 4264: 4256: 4236: 4228: 4220: 4212: 4204: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4173:Celtiberian Wars 4158: 4153: 4117:Byzantine Empire 4115:subjects of the 4098: 4097: 4091: 4077:public calendars 4065:ordinary consuls 4042:Gregorian system 4035: 4027: 4019: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3960:Second Punic War 3953: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3928: 3918: 3910: 3905: 3893: 3869: 3861: 3848: 3836: 3824: 3805: 3797: 3790: 3773: 3765: 3348: 3320: 3292: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2712: 2703: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2677: 2669: 2660: 2633: 2629: 2610: 2590: 2579: 2538: 2466: 2454: 2381:of market days. 2367: 2355: 2317: 2297: 2271: 2238: 2223: 2215: 2203: 2193:, which usually 2187: 2180: 2175:ablative of time 2168: 2160: 2150:and the ides to 2129: 2125: 2120: 2112: 2104: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2070: 2056: 2048: 2007:Byzantine Empire 1961:) in his honor. 1959: 1931:defeat at Actium 1927: 1893: 1885: 1860:pontifex maximus 1849:, following his 1802: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1733: 1590:Mensis September 1528:Mensis Quintilis 1279:Mensis Ianuarius 1262: 1253: 1240: 1227: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1169: 1165: 1150: 1138: 1134: 1083: 1077: 1066: 1043: 1038: 1027: 863:Mensis September 825:Mensis Quintilis 717: 713: 710: 653: 644: 621: 509:Islamic calendar 502: 498: 463: 423: 409: 403: 393: 386:, influenced by 381: 345:pontifex maximus 342: 335: 331: 327: 234:revised calendar 224: 212: 74: 72: 69: 63: 47: 10983: 10982: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10973: 10972: 10943: 10942: 10941: 10936: 10885: 10869: 10865:Molecular clock 10858:Genetic methods 10849: 10830:Nitrogen dating 10817:Relative dating 10811: 10780:Potassium–argon 10727:Absolute dating 10717: 10706: 10665: 10644: 10609: 10585:Cosmic Calendar 10577:Astronomic time 10567: 10509: 10464: 10428: 10414:Original Julian 10384: 10351: 10313: 10212:Ab urbe condita 10190: 10167: 10119: 10114: 10084: 10079: 9941: 9939: 9933: 9823: 9659:Aëtius of Amida 9640: 9626:Verrius Flaccus 9606:Valerius Antias 9566:Silius Italicus 9501:Pliny the Elder 9446:Marcus Aurelius 9321:Cornelius Nepos 9271:Aurelius Victor 9225: 9147: 9059: 8993:Secessio plebis 8964: 8839: 8791: 8665: 8619: 8549: 8431: 8383: 8299: 8220: 8181: 8163: 8157: 8127: 8122: 8094: 8031: 7985:Nirayana system 7911:Ab urbe condita 7899: 7851: 7849: 7842: 7821: 7819: 7812: 7769: 7720:anthropological 7704: 7503: 7487:Liturgical year 7453: 7420: 7012: 7010: 7003: 6942: 6916: 6911: 6870: 6850: 6845: 6755:Grecian History 6716: 6651:Βίοι Παράλληλοι 6576: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6457: 6382:Ab Urbe Condita 6370: 6217:De Agri Culture 6194: 6193: 6140: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6099: 6092: 6084: 6080: 6072: 6068: 6056: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6029: 6025: 6017: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5832: 5831: 5824: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5686: 5682: 5676:Scullard (1981) 5674: 5670: 5658: 5654: 5642: 5635: 5623: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5595: 5582: 5570: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5503: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5475: 5454: 5446: 5437: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5378: 5375:47.13 and 47.14 5373: 5369: 5357: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5321: 5317: 5305: 5301: 5290: 5286: 5274: 5270: 5258: 5245: 5233: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5144: 5137: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5071: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5021: 5017: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4986: 4978: 4967: 4959: 4952: 4944: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4914: 4910: 4903:Natural History 4896: 4892: 4878: 4874: 4860: 4856: 4842: 4838: 4824: 4820: 4802: 4798: 4790: 4781: 4769: 4752: 4744: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4707: 4703: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4594: 4590: 4582:nefastus priore 4578:, standing for 4573: 4569: 4564: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4512: 4508: 4482:former calendar 4471: 4467: 4462: 4449:Roman festivals 4436:ab urbe condita 4426:Calendar of 354 4386: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4359: 4356:First Punic War 4339: 4328:Julian calendar 4323: 4319: 4307: 4303: 4279: 4262: 4254: 4245:In addition to 4191: 4187: 4156: 4095: 4094: 4088:ab urbe condita 4033: 4026:354 or 355 days 4025: 4017: 4003: 3997: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3916: 3908: 3903: 3891: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3788: 3735:Pridie Kalendas 3346: 3319:a.d. XVIII Kal. 3318: 3290: 3004:postridie Nonas 2748: 2741: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2699: 2691: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2582:Februa festival 2577: 2574:ordinal numbers 2550: 2464: 2452: 2449:nundinal letter 2445:Roman calendars 2421: 2415:Planetary hours 2409:Main articles: 2387: 2295:dies comitiales 2191:accusative case 2178: 2127: 2123: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2027: 2021: 1942:. In 8 BC, the 1907: 1901: 1844: 1842:Julian calendar 1838: 1822:, a secretary ( 1817: 1777: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1683:Mensis December 1652:Mensis November 1559:Mensis Sextilis 1356:Month of Wages 1261: 1259: 1252: 1250: 1239: 1237: 1226: 1224: 1218:Length in days 1201: 1194: 1180:W. Warde Fowler 1167: 1163: 1148: 1136: 1132: 1044:as part of the 1041: 1036: 1008:Greek calendars 992: 982:Servius Tullius 917:Mensis December 899:Mensis November 845:Mensis Sextilis 827: 765:Month of Apru ( 729:Length in days 657:nundinal cycles 634: 612:moveable feasts 594:, formal Roman 580:rising of stars 500: 496: 474: 449: 391: 379: 333: 329: 325: 258:Roman religious 210: 203:Capitoline Hill 152:nundinal cycles 150:and ran for 38 109:Julian calendar 83:("SEX") and an 70: 65: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10981: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10953:Roman calendar 10938: 10937: 10935: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10902:New Chronology 10899: 10893: 10891: 10890:Related topics 10887: 10886: 10884: 10883: 10877: 10875: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10867: 10861: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10821: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10767: 10765:Paleomagnetism 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10731: 10729: 10720: 10712: 10711: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10663: 10658: 10652: 10650: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10626: 10624: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10581: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10565: 10563:New Earth Time 10560: 10555: 10554: 10553: 10548: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10517: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10492: 10487: 10472: 10470: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10426: 10424:Revised Julian 10421: 10416: 10411: 10405: 10403: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10361: 10359: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10342:Lists of kings 10339: 10334: 10332:Canon of Kings 10329: 10323: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10284: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10257:Before present 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10215: 10208: 10202: 10200: 10191: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10154: 10153: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10127: 10125: 10121: 10120: 10113: 10112: 10105: 10098: 10090: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9946: 9944: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9835: 9833: 9829: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9650: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9511:Pomponius Mela 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9246:Aelius Donatus 9242: 9240: 9231: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9223: 9218: 9217: 9216: 9214:Ecclesiastical 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9168: 9163: 9157: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9069: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9016: 9015: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8974: 8972: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8962: 8957: 8955:Toys and games 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8849: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8801: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8679: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8627: 8625: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8566: 8564: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8495:Vigintisexviri 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8455:Cursus honorum 8452: 8447: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8393: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8254:Western Empire 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8230: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8156: 8155: 8148: 8141: 8133: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8110: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8080: 8068: 8056: 8043: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7960:Chinese Minguo 7957: 7952: 7950:Before Present 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7861: 7859: 7852: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7824: 7822: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7779: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7747: 7746: 7745: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7526: 7521: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7447:Calendar round 7444: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7361: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7235: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7105:Heavenly Stems 7102: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6910: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6868: 6862: 6857: 6849: 6848:External links 6846: 6844: 6843: 6829: 6814: 6804:On Agriculture 6795: 6780: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6720: 6714: 6696: 6686: 6660: 6655:Parallel Lives 6643: 6628: 6613: 6598: 6583: 6574: 6559: 6544: 6525: 6505: 6487: 6474: 6461: 6455: 6426: 6411: 6388: 6373: 6347: 6333: 6317: 6305: 6287: 6272: 6257: 6242: 6232:On Agriculture 6223: 6208: 6184: 6174: 6158: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6129:Roberts (1905) 6121: 6117:Roberts (1905) 6109: 6090: 6078: 6074:Michels (1967) 6066: 6047: 6035: 6023: 6011: 5999: 5987: 5971: 5958: 5939: 5920: 5901: 5882: 5863: 5844: 5822: 5799: 5780: 5761: 5742: 5723: 5704: 5692: 5680: 5668: 5652: 5633: 5617: 5605: 5580: 5557: 5545: 5543:, p. 441. 5541:Rotondi (1912) 5533: 5521: 5509: 5497: 5495:, p. 340. 5493:Michels (1949) 5485: 5452: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5395: 5383: 5367: 5359:Stanyan (1707) 5351: 5347:Roberts (1905) 5339: 5337:, p. 153. 5327: 5315: 5299: 5284: 5268: 5243: 5241:section XVIII. 5218: 5216:, p. 669. 5206: 5180: 5154: 5135: 5123: 5111: 5109:, p. 165. 5099: 5087: 5062: 5060:, p. 155. 5050: 5038: 5015: 4999: 4997:, p. 137. 4984: 4965: 4963:, p. 331. 4961:Michels (1949) 4950: 4948:, p. 322. 4946:Michels (1949) 4938: 4934:Wissowa (1896) 4926: 4908: 4890: 4872: 4854: 4836: 4831:On Agriculture 4818: 4796: 4794:, p. 330. 4792:Michels (1949) 4779: 4750: 4729: 4725:Michels (1949) 4717: 4701: 4699:, p. 193. 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4617: 4588: 4567: 4553: 4544: 4531: 4519: 4506: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4428: 4415: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4375: 4372: 4348:Attic calendar 4344:nundinal cycle 4278: 4275: 4271:medieval Spain 4188:3rd century BC 4073:Consular lists 4061:Roman Republic 3999:Main article: 3996: 3993: 3904:22 and 23 days 3815:Main article: 3812: 3809: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3582:a.d. VIII Kal. 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3452:a.d. XIII Kal. 3450: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3347:a.d. XVII Kal. 3344: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3253: 3251:postridie Idus 3248: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3043:a.d. VIII Eid. 3041: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2777:On the Kalends 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2745: 2738: 2725: 2714: 2701: 2696: 2695: 2688: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2658: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2549: 2546: 2465:17 and 24 days 2386: 2383: 2379:nundinal cycle 2375: 2374: 2344: 2332: 2320: 2300: 2274: 2132: 2131: 2093: 2059: 2023:Main article: 2020: 2017: 1903:Main article: 1900: 1897: 1840:Main article: 1837: 1834: 1820:Gnaeus Flavius 1816: 1815:Flavian reform 1813: 1792: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621:Mensis October 1618: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1594:Seventh Month 1592: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1462: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1423: 1421:Mensis Aprilis 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1389: 1387:Mensis Martius 1384: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1315: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1281: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1256: 1247: 1234: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1166:January in 153 1101:Numa Pompilius 1020:synodic months 1010:in assuming a 996:Roman Republic 991: 988: 966:nundinal cycle 948:recounts that 945:Parallel Lives 934: 933: 930: 926: 925: 922: 919: 914: 908: 907: 904: 901: 896: 890: 889: 886: 883: 881:Mensis October 878: 872: 871: 868: 867:Seventh Month 865: 860: 854: 853: 850: 847: 842: 836: 835: 832: 829: 822: 816: 815: 812: 806: 801: 795: 794: 791: 785: 780: 774: 773: 770: 763: 761:Mensis Aprilis 758: 752: 751: 748: 742: 740:Mensis Martius 737: 731: 730: 727: 724: 721: 671:Licinius Macer 633: 630: 608:later calendar 604:nundinal cycle 584:civil calendar 497:29 and 30 days 485:lunar calendar 473: 470: 448: 445: 433:vernal equinox 429:date of Easter 401:VI. Kal. Mart. 273:early Republic 230:Numa Pompilius 105:Roman Republic 93:Roman calendar 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10980: 10969: 10968:Time in Italy 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10888: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10872: 10866: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10856: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10814: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716:Chronological 10713: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10682:Geochronology 10680: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10668: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10647: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10615:Geologic time 10612: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10600:Metonic cycle 10598: 10596: 10595:Galactic year 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10578: 10574: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10536:ISO week date 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10506: 10503: 10500: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10431: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10391: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10354: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10242:Byzantine era 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10213: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10198:Calendar eras 10195: 10192: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10111: 10106: 10104: 10099: 10097: 10092: 10091: 10088: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9936: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9643: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9401:Julius Paulus 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9336:Fabius Pictor 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9222: 9219: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9073:Amphitheatres 9071: 9070: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8842: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8810:Deforestation 8808: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8760:Siege engines 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8693:Establishment 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8624:Extraordinary 8622: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8610:Promagistrate 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8397:Twelve Tables 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8214: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8184: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8147: 8142: 8140: 8135: 8134: 8131: 8119: 8111: 8109: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8028: 8025: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7935:Anno Martyrum 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7850:and numbering 7845: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7815: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7765:'Pataphysical 7763: 7761: 7758: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7748: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7719: 7718: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7534:Tōnalpōhualli 7532: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7497: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7288:Vikram Samvat 7286: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7142:Vikram Samvat 7140: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7006: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6908: 6903: 6901: 6896: 6894: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6830: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6815: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6796: 6791: 6790: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6756: 6750: 6745: 6744: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6614: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6592:De Re Rustica 6588: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6530: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6508: 6506:9781400849789 6502: 6499:, Princeton, 6498: 6497: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6470: 6467: 6462: 6458: 6456:9780674996496 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6412: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6384: 6383: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6339: 6338:"Calendarium" 6334: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6301:Andrew Millar 6298: 6297: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281:De Re Rustica 6277: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6251:De Die Natali 6247: 6243: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6142: 6130: 6125: 6119:, Book XLVII. 6118: 6113: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6095: 6087: 6082: 6075: 6070: 6063: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6044: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6020: 6015: 6008: 6003: 5996: 5991: 5984: 5981: 5980:The Natal Day 5975: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5935: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5859: 5855: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5827: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5719: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5638: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5614: 5609: 5602: 5598: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5478: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5448:Kaster (2011) 5444: 5442: 5440: 5432: 5427: 5420: 5419:Fowler (1899) 5415: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5376: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5355: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5335:Kaster (2011) 5331: 5324: 5319: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5265: 5261: 5260:Perrin (1914) 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5140: 5132: 5131:Kaster (2011) 5127: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5107:Kaster (2011) 5103: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5078:The Natal Day 5074: 5069: 5067: 5059: 5058:Kaster (2011) 5054: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4996: 4995:Kaster (2011) 4991: 4989: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4962: 4957: 4955: 4947: 4942: 4935: 4930: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4809:The Natal Day 4805: 4800: 4793: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4698: 4696: 4690: 4686: 4666: 4657: 4648: 4639: 4630: 4621: 4614: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4585: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4548: 4541: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4515:This practice 4510: 4503: 4502:tropical year 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4378: 4371: 4369: 4366:and seasonal 4365: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4317: 4313: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4235: 4229: 4227: 4222:), October 1( 4221: 4219: 4214:), August 1 ( 4213: 4211: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4152: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4023: 4012: 4011:consular list 4007: 4002: 3992: 3976:22 or 23 days 3972: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3939:23 or 24 days 3935: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3901: 3895: 3892:22 or 23 days 3887: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3853: 3849: 3847: 3842:on the 24th ( 3841: 3837: 3835: 3829: 3818: 3811:Intercalation 3808: 3806: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3766: 3764: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3712:a.d. III Kal. 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3608:a.d. VII Kal. 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3478:a.d. XII Kal. 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3426:a.d. XIV Kal. 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3374:a.d. XVI Kal. 3362: 3356: 3353: 3334: 3331: 3325: 3322: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291:a.d. XIX Kal. 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3173:a.d. III Eid. 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3069:a.d. VII Eid. 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3000: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2926:a.d. III Non. 2902: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2805: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2726: 2715: 2702: 2697: 2689: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2636:Days in month 2634: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2563:Julius Caesar 2560: 2556: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2391: 2382: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2353:endotercissus 2348: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2121: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2097: 2094: 2079: 2077: 2071: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2049: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1899:Later reforms 1896: 1894: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1855:his civil war 1852: 1848: 1847:Julius Caesar 1843: 1836:Julian reform 1833: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1724: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1625:Eighth Month 1622: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1495: 1494:Mensis Iunius 1489: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317:Month of the 1314: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1244: 1231: 1221: 1207: 1202: 450 BC 1195: 700 BC 1187: 1185: 1184:Roman priests 1182:believed the 1181: 1177: 1173: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1146: 1142: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117:Metonic cycle 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1059: 1054: 1053:tropical year 1049: 1047: 1046:Twelve Tables 1037:(715–673 BC), 1033: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 987: 985: 983: 979: 976:variously to 975: 971: 967: 962: 960: 955: 951: 947: 946: 941: 931: 927: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 887: 885:Eighth Month 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 873: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 833: 830: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 813: 811: 807: 805: 804:Mensis Iunius 802: 800: 797: 796: 792: 790: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 771: 768: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 749: 747: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 718: 712: 709: 708: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 683: 679: 674: 672: 667: 662: 658: 654: 652: 651: 643: 642: 629: 627: 625: 620: 619: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 514: 510: 506: 503:short of the 501:10 or 11 days 494: 490: 486: 483: 482:observational 479: 469: 464: 462: 461: 453: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 425: 422: 417: 413: 408: 402: 397: 389: 385: 377: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 341: 340: 323: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 303:Late Republic 300: 296: 293: 289: 285: 282: 278: 274: 268: 266: 262: 259: 255: 251: 250:intercalation 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 223: 222: 219: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 169: 168:observational 165: 164:public market 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 126: 124: 121: 117: 116:Julius Caesar 114: 110: 106: 102: 101:Roman Kingdom 98: 94: 86: 82: 78: 64: 62: 55: 48: 46: 45: 37: 33: 29: 22: 10845:Stratigraphy 10790:Uranium–lead 10760:Lichenometry 10558:Winter count 10541:Mesoamerican 10469:Astronomical 10408: 10287:Mesoamerican 10272:Sothic cycle 10247:Seleucid era 10232:Bosporan era 10220: / 10210: 10158:Paleontology 10015:Institutions 9879:Leptis Magna 9832:Major cities 9739:Philostratus 9526:Quadrigarius 9346:Rufus Festus 9209:Contemporary 8930:Romanization 8867: 8853:Architecture 8460:Collegiality 8309:Constitution 8160:Ancient Rome 8086: 8074: 8071:Middle-earth 8062: 8050: 7820:applications 7818:Displays and 7728: / 7709:By specialty 7678: 7672: 7539:Xiuhpōhualli 7437:Mesoamerican 7283:Nepal Sambat 6954:Astronomical 6875: 6837: 6822: 6803: 6788: 6772: 6754: 6742: 6727: 6704: 6690: 6676: 6672: 6654: 6650: 6636: 6621: 6606: 6591: 6577: 6567: 6552: 6537: 6533: 6495: 6481: 6469: 6465: 6442: 6438: 6435:Saturnalia, 6434: 6419: 6406:the original 6401: 6396: 6392:Titus Livius 6381: 6377:Titus Livius 6356: 6341: 6326: 6312: 6295: 6279: 6265: 6249: 6231: 6216: 6188: 6178: 6167: 6151: 6124: 6112: 6081: 6069: 6058: 6038: 6026: 6014: 6002: 5990: 5979: 5978:Censorinus, 5974: 5969:inscription. 5961: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5895: 5891: 5885: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5838: 5834: 5833:"September, 5816: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5793: 5789: 5788:"†quintile, 5783: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5695: 5688:Rüpke (2011) 5683: 5671: 5660:Smyth (1920) 5655: 5625:Kline (2004) 5620: 5608: 5548: 5536: 5524: 5512: 5500: 5488: 5426: 5421:, p. 5. 5414: 5403:Kline (2004) 5398: 5386: 5370: 5354: 5342: 5330: 5318: 5302: 5292:Rüpke (2011) 5287: 5280:Life of Numa 5279: 5271: 5239:Life of Numa 5238: 5209: 5197:. Retrieved 5192: 5183: 5171:. Retrieved 5166: 5157: 5146:Rüpke (2011) 5126: 5114: 5102: 5090: 5076: 5053: 5041: 5018: 5002: 4941: 4929: 4919: 4911: 4901: 4893: 4883: 4875: 4865: 4857: 4847: 4839: 4829: 4821: 4807: 4799: 4746:Grout (2023) 4720: 4704: 4694: 4689: 4665: 4656: 4647: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4608: 4603:Q. Rex C. F. 4600: 4596: 4591: 4579: 4570: 4547: 4534: 4522: 4509: 4468: 4434: 4424:, & the 4332: 4280: 4244: 4231: 4223: 4215: 4207: 4199: 4176: 4159:BC to allow 4148: 4133: 4084: 4081:Roman Empire 4057:regnal years 4049:calendar era 4046: 4015: 3973: 3956: 3950:days over 24 3936: 3921: 3913:Intercalaris 3897: 3889: 3885: 3873: 3864: 3856: 3843: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3800: 3792: 3777: 3768: 3760: 3758: 3686:a.d. IV Kal. 3634:a.d. VI Kal. 3556:a.d. IX Kal. 3504:a.d. XI Kal. 3400:a.d. XV Kal. 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3147:a.d. IV Eid. 3095:a.d. VI Eid. 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2972:On the Nones 2949:Pridie Nonas 2900:a.d. IV Non. 2848:a.d. VI Non. 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2808: 2803: 2626: 2605: 2585: 2551: 2533: 2494: 2479:, since the 2422: 2400: 2394: 2376: 2362: 2359:archaic form 2350: 2346: 2340:rex sacrorum 2338: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2315:dies nefasti 2312: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2241: 2233: 2231: 2218: 2210: 2198: 2182: 2172: 2163: 2155: 2133: 2115: 2107: 2106:, variously 2099: 2095: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2051: 2043: 2037: 2028: 2015: 2011:its calendar 1966:Roman Empire 1963: 1954: 1946: 1922: 1908: 1888: 1880: 1863:, ordered a 1858: 1845: 1832: 1826:) to censor 1823: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1725: 1721: 1704:Whole year: 1687:Tenth Month 1656:Ninth Month 1563:Sixth Month 1460:Mensis Maius 1370: 1362: 1157: 1151:days called 1098: 1061: 1050: 1034: 993: 986: 974:Roman legend 963: 943: 937: 921:Tenth Month 903:Ninth Month 849:Sixth Month 831:Fifth Month 783:Mensis Maius 689:culture hero 675: 646: 641:pleni menses 635: 628: 596:ornithomancy 552:decimal year 491:. Because a 475: 468: 456: 426: 373: 319: 286:. After the 269: 227: 127: 99:used by the 92: 90: 79:("QVI") and 58: 40: 32: 10785:Radiocarbon 10460:Dual dating 10319:Regnal year 10297:Short Count 10237:Bostran era 10218:Anno Domini 10151:Big History 10131:Archaeology 10010:Geographers 9694:Dioscorides 9674:Cassius Dio 9296:Cassiodorus 9199:Renaissance 8805:Agriculture 8777:Auxiliaries 8718:Engineering 8555:Magistrates 8407:Citizenship 8402:Mos maiorum 8337:Late Empire 7921:Anno Domini 7890:Regnal year 7885:Regnal name 7858:Terminology 7848:Year naming 7803:Symmetry454 7653:Pentecontad 7576:Culāsakaraj 7561:Cappadocian 7293:Yele Sambat 7179:Zoroastrian 7073:Bangladeshi 7011:limited use 6989:Solar Hijri 6984:Lunar Hijri 6947:In wide use 6700:Rüpke, Jörg 6371:(in French) 5909:"February, 5890:"December, 5871:"November, 5664:§§1582–1587 5644:Beck (1838) 5597:Beck (1838) 5572:Beck (1838) 5282:section XIX 5262:, pp. 5033:, cited in 4478:Roman Egypt 4405:Alexandrian 4267:Spanish era 4206:), July 1 ( 4171:during the 4107:'s 15-year 4053:Roman kings 4030:Julian year 3852:Mercedonius 3817:Mercedonius 3660:a.d. V Kal. 3530:a.d. X Kal. 3219:On the Ides 3196:Pridie Idus 3121:a.d. V Eid. 2874:a.d. V Non. 2526:Constantine 2453:2–5 letters 2365:intercissus 2122:), the 15th 1994:Constantine 1915:Mark Antony 1869:Alexandrian 1348:Mercedonius 1153:Mercedonius 1145:Greek years 1094:odd numbers 1090:Pythagorean 1030:Mercedonius 1012:lunar cycle 650:cavi menses 493:lunar cycle 311:sacred king 299:consulships 281:Pythagorean 158:—nine days 21:Roman Month 10947:Categories 10380:Vietnamese 10292:Long Count 10227:Anno Mundi 10222:Common Era 10124:Key topics 10117:Chronology 9899:Mediolanum 9839:Alexandria 9804:Themistius 9769:Porphyrius 9596:Tertullian 9531:Quintilian 9521:Propertius 9416:Lactantius 9366:Fulgentius 9301:Censorinus 9123:Sanitation 9108:Metallurgy 9065:Technology 9030:Demography 8978:Patricians 8945:Spectacles 8903:Literature 8898:Hairstyles 8735:Technology 8485:Praefectus 8437:Government 8427:Litigation 8412:Auctoritas 8357:Centuriate 8244:Principate 8239:Pax Romana 8199:Foundation 8027:Vietnamese 7940:Anno Mundi 7930:Anno Lucis 7925:Common Era 7828:Electronic 7798:Positivist 7760:Discordian 7750:Dreamspell 7685:Sexagenary 7626:Macedonian 7596:Florentine 7546:Babylonian 7512:Historical 7442:Long Count 7396:Vietnamese 7352:Macedonian 7315:Nanakshahi 7245:Lithuanian 7115:Solar term 6826:(in Latin) 6792:(in Latin) 6625:(in Latin) 6595:(in Latin) 6556:(in Latin) 6423:(in Latin) 6420:Saturnalia 6385:(in Latin) 6299:, London: 6284:(in Latin) 6261:Censorinus 6254:(in Latin) 6246:Censorinus 6220:(in Latin) 6103:, p. 6088:I, CIL VI. 5852:"October, 5807:"sextile, 5712:"January, 5646:, p. 5599:, p. 5574:, p. 5479:, p. 5393:, Book II. 5361:, p. 5309:, p. 5294:, p. 5199:January 9, 5173:January 9, 5148:, p. 5073:Censorinus 5035:Key (1875) 5023:Censorinus 5009:, p. 4921:On Farming 4885:On Farming 4804:Censorinus 4773:, p. 4711:, p. 4695:Enc. Brit. 4677:References 4496:; and the 4454:Undecimber 4163:to attack 4105:Diocletian 4022:solar year 3978:is always 3877:Quirinalia 3840:Regifugium 3738:Prid. Kal. 3199:Prid. Eid. 2952:Prid. Non. 2536:dies Solis 2522:Lord's Day 2517:, and the 2497:7-day week 2477:filibuster 2471:and their 2469:patricians 2371:sacrifices 2289:assemblies 2281:comitialis 2269:dies fasti 2236:kalendaria 2227:late Latin 2080:), the 7th 2000:by making 1982:Diocletian 1944:plebiscite 1583:September 1121:Babylonian 1058:Terminalia 1016:solar year 697:Alba Longa 693:Censorinus 685:first king 624:Sementivae 556:Censorinus 505:solar year 421:bis sextum 416:bissextile 339:Lex Acilia 246:solar year 207:Terminalia 193:, and the 137:first king 10958:Calendars 10917:Year zero 10897:Chronicle 10840:Seriation 10775:Lead–lead 10649:Standards 10630:Deep time 10590:Ephemeris 10476:Lunisolar 10440:Gregorian 10433:Gregorian 10394:Calendars 10357:Era names 10327:Anka year 10206:Human Era 10136:Astronomy 10055:Quaestors 9985:Empresses 9975:Dynasties 9965:Dictators 9940:and other 9929:Volubilis 9924:Vindobona 9884:Londinium 9809:Theodoret 9779:Procopius 9759:Polyaenus 9734:Pausanias 9636:Vitruvius 9581:Symmachus 9576:Suetonius 9486:Petronius 9471:Obsequens 9436:Macrobius 9431:Lucretius 9356:Frontinus 9331:Eutropius 9316:Columella 9266:Augustine 9256:Appuleius 9204:Neo-Latin 9179:Classical 9170:Versions 9078:Aqueducts 9020:Patronage 8940:Sexuality 8913:Mythology 8888:Education 8878:Cosmetics 8703:Campaigns 8698:Structure 8651:Decemviri 8510:Imperator 8209:overthrow 8088:Star Trek 8052:Discworld 8047:Discworld 8040:Fictional 7916:Anka year 7895:Year zero 7875:Leap year 7833:Perpetual 7556:Byzantine 7275:Mongolian 7255:Malayalam 6999:Unix time 6974:Gregorian 6969:Ethiopian 6933:Lunisolar 6914:Calendars 6809:Cambridge 6769:"Augures" 6681:Cambridge 6447:Cambridge 6237:Cambridge 6019:Macrobius 6007:Macrobius 5995:Macrobius 5769:"August, 5553:Macrobius 5529:Macrobius 5431:Macrobius 5323:Macrobius 5119:Macrobius 5095:Macrobius 5046:Macrobius 5027:Macrobius 4980:Macrobius 4916:Palladius 4880:Columella 4682:Citations 4409:Byzantine 4240:Indiction 4234:Eid. Dec. 4226:Kal. Oct. 4218:Kal. Sex. 4210:Kal. Qui. 4202:Eid. Mai. 4190:until 222 4180:Eid. Mart 4151:Kal. Ian. 4109:Indiction 4069:Temporary 3900:Macrobius 3780:festivals 3771:postridie 2598:sulphuric 2553:the gods 2519:Christian 2486:first day 2457:plebeians 2166:postridie 2144:full moon 1990:Justinian 1986:indiction 1970:Egyptians 1891:Posterior 1872:Sosigenes 1763:⋅ 1751:⋅ 1739:⋅ 1676:December 1645:November 1498:Month of 1464:Month of 1427:Aphrodite 1425:Month of 1391:Month of 1306:February 1283:Month of 1204:– 46 BC) 1176:Decemvirs 1160:Periochae 970:Etruscans 858:September 808:Month of 787:Month of 767:Aphrodite 744:Month of 682:legendary 666:Macrobius 588:Palladius 572:Columella 544:night sky 528:migration 516:festivals 513:religious 384:solar one 365:civil war 332:. By the 277:Etruscans 261:festivals 195:full moon 171:lunar one 134:legendary 77:Quintilis 71: 60 10912:Timeline 10750:Ice core 10623:Concepts 10370:Japanese 10302:Tzolk'in 10267:Egyptian 10060:Tribunes 10050:Praetors 10000:Generals 9980:Emperors 9889:Lugdunum 9874:Eboracum 9864:Carthage 9849:Aquileia 9764:Polybius 9754:Plutarch 9724:Libanius 9714:Josephus 9709:Herodian 9601:Tibullus 9516:Priscian 9491:Phaedrus 9451:Manilius 9396:Jordanes 9381:Hydatius 9311:Claudian 9291:Catullus 9281:Boëthius 9276:Ausonius 9194:Medieval 9166:Alphabet 9138:Theatres 9113:Numerals 9098:Concrete 9088:Circuses 9055:Bagaudae 9045:Adoption 9040:Marriage 9013:Assembly 8918:Religion 8893:Folklore 8873:Clothing 8868:Calendar 8825:Currency 8815:Commerce 8713:Strategy 8675:Military 8661:Triumvir 8641:Dictator 8636:Interrex 8615:Governor 8600:Quaestor 8563:Ordinary 8545:Province 8535:Tetrarch 8525:Augustus 8490:Vicarius 8480:Officium 8417:Imperium 8367:Plebeian 8327:Republic 8249:Dominate 8216:Republic 8177:Timeline 8118:Category 8083:Stardate 8059:Greyhawk 7990:Seleucid 7975:Japanese 7945:Assyrian 7880:New Year 7716:Holocene 7668:Rapa Nui 7641:Tzolkʼin 7606:Germanic 7586:Egyptian 7322:Romanian 7300:Nisg̱a'a 7260:Mandaean 7250:Maithili 7223:Javanese 7218:Japanese 7173:medieval 7127:Georgian 7038:Assyrian 7028:Armenian 6959:Buddhist 6835:(1910), 6823:Georgica 6801:(1934), 6767:(1896), 6726:(1981), 6702:(2011), 6666:(1914), 6664:Plutarch 6647:Plutarch 6634:(1855), 6604:(1807), 6565:(2004), 6514:citation 6493:(1967), 6432:(2011), 6394:(1905), 6311:(1899), 6293:(1745), 6263:(1900), 6229:(1934), 6197:citation 5731:"March, 5276:Plutarch 5235:Plutarch 4867:Georgics 4814:Ch. XXII 4527:Plutarch 4411:, & 4374:See also 4364:harvests 4352:Olympiad 4342:BC. The 4295:republic 4269:used in 4155:) in 153 4113:Orthodox 4038:leap day 3785:Augustus 2780:Kalendis 2622:emperors 2602:Etruscan 2570:Augustus 2512:Saturday 2425:nundinae 2411:Nundinae 2308:nefastus 2243:calendar 2136:new moon 2046:Kalendae 1957:Augustus 1935:Augustus 1876:leap day 1614:October 1431:Etruscan 1272:January 1215:Meaning 1209:English 1129:Plutarch 1018:of 12.5 1004:February 940:Plutarch 912:December 894:November 726:Meaning 720:English 707:a priori 680:, their 661:new moon 489:new moon 478:calendar 396:leap day 367:against 242:February 187:new moon 123:Augustus 113:Dictator 97:calendar 95:was the 81:Sextilis 10922:Floruit 10670:Methods 10531:Iranian 10499:Islamic 10365:Chinese 10176:Periods 10146:History 10141:Geology 10030:Legions 9990:Fiction 9960:Consuls 9955:Climate 9909:Ravenna 9904:Pompeii 9894:Lutetia 9859:Bononia 9854:Berytus 9844:Antioch 9819:Zosimus 9814:Zonaras 9789:Sozomen 9774:Priscus 9749:Photius 9591:Terence 9586:Tacitus 9571:Statius 9556:Servius 9541:Sallust 9496:Plautus 9476:Orosius 9456:Martial 9411:Juvenal 9386:Hyginus 9371:Gellius 9230:Writers 9161:History 9143:Thermae 9133:Temples 9083:Bridges 9050:Slavery 8998:Equites 8970:Society 8950:Theatre 8923:Deities 8883:Cuisine 8863:Bathing 8845:Culture 8820:Finance 8797:Economy 8688:Borders 8683:History 8585:Tribune 8580:Praetor 8470:Legatus 8465:Emperor 8352:Curiate 8322:Kingdom 8317:History 8293:History 8276:decline 8234:History 8204:Kingdom 8187:History 8172:Outline 8015:Dvapara 7995:Spanish 7904:Systems 7754:New Age 7744:Martian 7700:Turkmen 7695:Swedish 7581:Coligny 7519:Arabian 7480:Revised 7386:Tripuri 7381:Tibetan 7337:Sesotho 7310:Punjabi 7270:Melanau 7240:Kurdish 7206:Tabular 7196:Islamic 7164:Iranian 7095:Chinese 7090:Burmese 7068:Bengali 7056:Pawukon 7009:In more 6964:Chinese 6921:Systems 6536:Vol. I: 6468:Vol. II 6138:Sources 6057:Varro, 5947:"June, 5750:"July, 5163:"April" 5031:Solinus 4849:Farming 4540:Stanyan 4488:of the 4293:of the 4261:from AD 4194:BC and 4032:was 365 3983:⁄ 3954:years. 3881:Feralia 3363: 3335: 3307: 2889: 2863: 2683:Sep Nov 2681:Jun Aug 2679:Jan Apr 2608:aperire 2578:5 to 10 2567:emperor 2515:sabbath 2490:January 2473:clients 2461:aediles 2429:weekend 2402:Aprilis 2152:Jupiter 2039:Kalends 2025:Kalends 1851:victory 1552:August 1367: 1359: 1105:Romulus 1070:calends 1000:January 978:Romulus 950:Romulus 876:October 678:Romulus 606:of the 548:Romulus 542:in the 524:leafing 520:Michels 447:History 388:Egypt's 357:his war 307:pontiff 279:and of 265:seasons 238:January 175:kalends 140:Romulus 120:Emperor 10718:dating 10514:Others 10480:Hebrew 10375:Korean 10186:Epochs 10040:Nomina 10025:Legacy 10005:Gentes 9942:topics 9938:Lists 9919:Smyrna 9799:Strabo 9729:Lucian 9719:Julian 9669:Arrian 9664:Appian 9654:Aelian 9631:Vergil 9406:Justin 9391:Jerome 9376:Horace 9361:Fronto 9351:Florus 9326:Ennius 9306:Cicero 9286:Caesar 9184:Vulgar 9008:Tribes 8935:Romans 8745:Legion 8728:castra 8605:Aedile 8575:Censor 8570:Consul 8530:Caesar 8500:Lictor 8422:Status 8362:Tribal 8342:Senate 8332:Empire 8226:Empire 8162:topics 7980:Korean 7740:Darian 7690:Soviet 7663:Qumran 7648:Muisca 7566:Celtic 7551:Bulgar 7499:Saints 7475:Julian 7465:Coptic 7411:Yoruba 7342:Slavic 7332:Somali 7279:Nepal 7228:Korean 7190:Gaelic 7169:Jalali 7132:Hebrew 7110:Minguo 7085:Borana 7080:Berber 7043:Baháʼí 6732:Ithaca 6712: 6675:Vol. I 6503: 6453: 6437:Vol. I 5967: 5928:"May, 5379: 5264:368 ff 5083:Ch. 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