77:
298:
177:
36:
1549:
1463:
738:
1077:") on extensive villas, which were largely self-sufficient, found their loyalties to the central authority, which were already conflicted by other developments, further compromised in such situations. As loyalties wavered and became more local, the empire then began to devolve into smaller territories and closer personal
1396:, but by this time the term in Greek refers to units that may once have included large numbers of non-Romans but have become professional, regular units in the Roman army that included Romans. These armies also included non-Roman elements such as Hunnic archers and Herule mercenaries who were more akin to traditional
1112:
and had major armies 100 miles (160 km) south and west of the Rhine. Frankish settlers were established in the areas north and east of the Romans and helped the Roman defence by providing intelligence and a buffer state. The
117:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
896:, it was used to describe foreign states, client kingdoms or barbarian tribes to which the empire provided benefits in exchange for military assistance. The term was also used, especially under the empire, for groups of
1360:
of the
Byzantines. During the latter half of the 5th century, the Ostrogoths' relationship with the Byzantines started to shift from friendship to enmity, just like the Visigoths before them, and Ostrogoth King,
1955:
1073:
were billeted on local landowners, which became identical to being allowed to settle on Roman territory. Large local landowners living in distant border provinces (see "
1117:
in the frozen winter of 406 and 407 ended the Roman presence along the Rhine when both the Romans and the allied Franks were overrun by a massive tribal migration of
1258:
and often got the worse of these battles because the
Visigoths were so much more numerous. After Gunderic died early in 428, the Vandals elected his half-brother,
766:
1604:
1365:
frequently led armies that ravaged the provinces of the
Eastern Roman Empire and eventually threatened Constantinople itself. Eventually, Theoderic and Emperor
1273:
By the 5th century, lacking the wealth needed to pay and train a professional army, the
Western Roman Empire's military strength was almost entirely reliant on
1216:, where he was killed in the summer of 425. Soon, Aetius returned to Italy with a large force of Huns to find that power in the west was now in the hands of
1224:. After fighting against Aspar's army, Aetius managed a compromise with Galla Placidia. He sent back his Hunnic army and in return obtained the rank of
120:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1533:
1815:
759:
544:
440:
1960:
992:) offered Roman citizenship to the federate states that accepted the terms. Not all cities were prepared to be absorbed into the Roman
356:
1571:
332:
1777:
498:
1369:
worked out an arrangement beneficial to both sides in which
Theoderic invaded Odoacer's kingdom and eventually conquered Italy.
1069:
At first, the Roman subsidy took the form of money or food, but as tax revenues dwindled in the 4th and the 5th centuries, the
752:
418:
1581:
1543:
1309:
with the Senate's request for the 81-year-old west–east subdivision of the empire to be abolished. Even before the eventual
241:
1950:
128:
213:
306:
278:
260:
141:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Italian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
63:
1155:
The loyalty of the tribes and their chieftains was never reliable, and in 395, the
Visigoths, now under the lead of
1808:
1310:
644:
322:
1707:
Byzantine
Praetorians: An Administrative, Institutional, and Social Survey of the Opsikion and Tagmata, c. 580-900
400:
220:
514:
475:
426:
198:
1793:
1491:
630:
563:
351:
1212:
for assistance. Joannes, a high-ranking officer, lacked a strong army and fortified himself in his capital,
227:
1801:
1419:
In the east, foederati were formed out of several Arab tribes to protect against the
Persian-allied Arab
976:. The friction between the treaty obligations without the corresponding benefits of Romanity led to the
1965:
1849:
1145:
449:
194:
49:
17:
209:
977:
1945:
1176:
659:
314:
136:
1254:
Late in
Gunderic's reign, the Vandals themselves began to clash more and more with the Visigothic
1058:, the last being the best known, in exchange for providing warriors to fight in the Roman armies.
1889:
1267:
1148:
in 378. The critical loss of military manpower thereafter forced the Empire to rely much more on
187:
1884:
1754:"The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650)"
1682:"The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650)"
1663:"The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650)"
1644:"The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650)"
526:
375:
1519:
1114:
955:
625:
361:
157:
1380:(transliterated in Greek as Φοιδερᾶτοι or translated as Σύμμαχοι) were still present in the
1159:, once again rose in rebellion. The father of one of the most powerful late Roman generals,
1909:
1476:
1349:
1318:
1290:
615:
557:
89:
1439:. The term continues to be attested in the Eastern Roman armies until around the reign of
8:
1970:
1894:
1874:
1501:
1468:
1362:
1251:. Their request was accepted by Gunderic, who thus became King of the Vandals and Alans.
1247:, who were still allies of Rome in Hispania, and most of the surviving Alans appealed to
742:
466:
1535:
Christianity in Roman Africa: The Development of Its Practices and Beliefs– Google Knihy
1144:. The same Goths then revolted in retaliation for abuses and defeated the Romans in the
1940:
1919:
1824:
1740:
1624:
1302:
1294:
1108:, which had been depopulated during the preceding century. Roman soldiers defended the
999:
711:
234:
1723:
Maspero, Jean (1912). "Φοιδερᾶτοι et Στρατιῶται dans l'armée byzantine au VI siècle".
1573:
Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]– Google Knihy
1183:
and his combined Vandal and Gothic army only with the support of the Gothic chieftain
1904:
1744:
1628:
1577:
1539:
1440:
1401:
1263:
959:
900:
mercenaries of various sizes who were typically allowed to settle within the empire.
718:
584:
573:
132:
1828:
1732:
1616:
1481:
1227:
1101:
928:
833:
787:
695:
684:
599:
318:
1859:
1496:
1381:
1330:
1217:
1034:
had its usage and meaning extended by the Romans' practice of subsidising entire
689:
667:
610:
1914:
1879:
1366:
1333:
and the Visigoths through the peace treaty concluded in 475 between their king
1306:
1278:
1221:
1195:
1184:
909:
883:
704:
674:
635:
150:
55:
27:
Peoples and cities bound by a treaty, typically in relation to Rome (Antiquity)
1823:
1736:
1620:
395:
1934:
679:
651:
579:
1317:
had managed to gain a full independence that was formally recognised by the
1338:
1204:
1137:
893:
1428:
1011:
994:
589:
480:
1423:
and the tribes of the Arabian peninsula. Among these foederati were the
1436:
1432:
1385:
1345:
1180:
1105:
1019:
620:
385:
341:
139:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1844:
1839:
1443:. Although no longer as important as in the sixth century, a unit of
1424:
1244:
1055:
1035:
897:
605:
1753:
1681:
1662:
1643:
176:
1899:
1420:
1405:
1353:
1326:
1259:
1248:
1160:
1156:
1059:
970:
tribe were considered blood allies, but the rest were federates or
1015:
1854:
1783:
1413:
1322:
1298:
1236:
1213:
1199:
1118:
1090:
1074:
1043:
980:
between the Romans, with a few close allies, and the disaffected
370:
114:
1864:
1409:
1389:
1133:
1078:
1039:
1003:
967:
917:
875:
460:
1089:
The first Roman treaty with the Goths was after the defeat of
937:
1486:
1334:
1240:
1188:
1129:
1122:
1109:
1047:
972:
888:
1285:, who included the Visigoths, Franks, Alans and Saxons. The
1869:
1209:
1051:
943:
863:
857:
848:
842:
817:
811:
802:
796:
1404:, a large contingent of the Byzantine army was made up of
1325:
in the peace treaty concluded in 442 between their king,
985:
1780:(English). An essay by a 19th-century Roman law scholar.
1532:
Patout Burns, J.; Jensen, Robin M. (November 30, 2014).
946:
934:
866:
839:
836:
793:
790:
1458:
1232:, the commander-in-chief of the Roman Army in Gaul.
1136:
to allow them to settle on the southern bank of the
940:
860:
854:
845:
814:
808:
799:
110:
1956:
Military units and formations of the Roman Republic
931:
851:
805:
201:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1531:
1400:but who were now referred to as symmachoi. At the
1289:would deliver the fatal blow to the dying nominal
954:) to come to the defence of Rome but were neither
1100:The Franks became foederati in 358, when Emperor
1932:
135:accompanying your translation by providing an
101:Click for important translation instructions.
88:expand this article with text translated from
1809:
1569:
1344:After the collapse of the Hunnic Empire, the
1179:in 406 AD, Stilicho defeated the Gothic king
760:
1313:in 476, several kingdoms with the status of
1786:Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1816:
1802:
1602:
1520:From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms.
1062:began his career leading a band of Gothic
767:
753:
279:Learn how and when to remove this message
261:Learn how and when to remove this message
1709:. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt. pp. 245–253.
1451:of the Anatolikon in the ninth century.
1751:
1722:
1679:
1660:
1641:
1305:and sent the imperial insignia back to
1301:, deposed the usurping Western Emperor
14:
1933:
1704:
1631:– via Cambridge Journals Online.
1570:Gordon Melton, J. (January 15, 2014).
1262:, as the successor, and Genseric left
1797:
1140:and were accepted into the empire as
874:) were peoples and cities bound by a
1603:Costambeys, Marios (November 2016).
1104:let them keep the areas in northern
1093:in 332, but whether or not it was a
199:adding citations to reliable sources
170:
70:
29:
1522:Thomas F. X. Noble. ed. 2006, p.245
1281:was defeated only with help of the
1208:and was sent by Joannes to ask the
1198:entered the service of the usurper
147:{{Translated|it|Socii e foederati}}
24:
1778:George Long, "Foederati civitates"
1392:' victorious armies included many
25:
1982:
1961:Foreign relations of ancient Rome
1771:
916:were tribes that were bound by a
903:
45:This article has multiple issues.
1667:Ma Thesis - University of Ottawa
1648:Ma Thesis - University of Ottawa
1461:
1311:fall of the Western Roman Empire
927:
832:
786:
736:
296:
175:
75:
34:
1716:
1552:from the original on 2016-12-26
1025:
186:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1698:
1673:
1654:
1635:
1596:
1563:
1525:
1513:
1372:
1170:
1084:
145:You may also add the template
13:
1:
1507:
1492:Numerus (Roman military unit)
1243:, fell in battle against the
1163:, rose from the ranks of the
631:Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes
1609:The Journal of Roman Studies
545:Frontiers and fortifications
7:
1454:
1348:entered relations with the
1266:to the Visigoths to invade
1115:breach of the Rhine borders
357:Decorations and punishments
10:
1987:
886:, the term identified the
109:Machine translation, like
1951:Late Roman military units
1835:
1737:10.1515/byzs.1912.21.1.97
1725:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
1621:10.1017/S0075435816000587
1605:"The Legacy of Theoderic"
90:the corresponding article
1447:appear in the Byzantine
1384:during the 6th century.
882:, with Rome. During the
660:Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
645:Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes
315:Military of ancient Rome
1827:established around the
1752:McMahon, Lucas (2014).
1680:McMahon, Lucas (2014).
1661:McMahon, Lucas (2014).
1642:McMahon, Lucas (2014).
743:Ancient Rome portal
156:For more guidance, see
1784:Harry Thurston Peck,
1705:Haldon, John (1984).
1235:Around 418 (or 426),
1187:and the Hunnic ruler
958:nor beneficiaries of
626:Neckar-Odenwald Limes
441:Technological history
158:Knowledge:Translation
129:copyright attribution
1885:Kingdom of the Aurès
1845:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
1477:Ammianus Marcellinus
1352:and were settled in
1350:Eastern Roman Empire
1319:Western Roman Empire
1291:Western Roman Empire
1194:In 423, the general
1146:Battle of Adrianople
1128:In 376, some of the
616:Lower Germanic Limes
515:Strategy and tactics
450:Military engineering
352:Unit types and ranks
195:improve this article
1895:Ostrogothic kingdom
1538:. Wm. B. Eerdmans.
1469:Ancient Rome portal
1363:Theoderic the Great
1293:in 476, when their
1038:tribes such as the
611:Lauter Valley Limes
1920:Visigothic kingdom
1880:Kingdom of Odoacer
1850:Burgundian kingdom
1840:Alamannian kingdom
1825:Barbarian kingdoms
1303:Romulus Augustulus
1239:, the king of the
1177:Battle of Faesulae
966:). Members of the
712:Limes Tripolitanus
333:Structural history
137:interlanguage link
1966:Roman auxiliaries
1928:
1927:
1905:Sub-Roman Britain
1875:Kingdom of Altava
1583:978-1-61069-025-6
1545:978-0-8028-6931-9
1402:Battle of Taginae
960:Roman citizenship
892:, but during the
777:
776:
728:
727:
719:Limes Mauretaniae
574:Limes Britannicus
535:
534:
499:Political history
489:
488:
409:
408:
289:
288:
281:
271:
270:
263:
245:
169:
168:
102:
98:
68:
16:(Redirected from
1978:
1855:Frankish kingdom
1829:Migration Period
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1748:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1482:Foedus Cassianum
1471:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1228:magister militum
1220:and his mother,
953:
952:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
824:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
769:
762:
755:
741:
740:
739:
600:Limes Germanicus
550:
549:
527:Infantry tactics
520:
519:
476:Triumphal arches
446:
445:
427:Wars and battles
419:Campaign history
338:
337:
300:
299:
293:
292:
284:
277:
266:
259:
255:
252:
246:
244:
203:
179:
171:
148:
142:
115:Google Translate
100:
96:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1946:Ancient peoples
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1910:Suebian kingdom
1890:Lombard kingdom
1860:Frisian kingdom
1831:
1822:
1774:
1762:
1760:
1719:
1714:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1674:
1659:
1655:
1640:
1636:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1497:Varangian Guard
1467:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1382:East Roman army
1375:
1331:Valentinian III
1277:units. In 451,
1218:Valentinian III
1173:
1087:
1028:
930:
926:
906:
835:
831:
789:
785:
773:
737:
735:
730:
729:
724:
696:Limes Sarmatiae
690:Anastasian Wall
668:Pannonian Limes
547:
537:
536:
531:
517:
507:
506:
505:
501:
491:
490:
485:
471:
443:
433:
432:
431:
421:
411:
410:
405:
380:
366:
335:
325:
297:
285:
274:
273:
272:
267:
256:
250:
247:
204:
202:
192:
180:
165:
164:
163:
146:
140:
103:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1915:Vandal kingdom
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Rugian kingdom
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1773:
1772:External links
1770:
1769:
1768:
1749:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1697:
1672:
1653:
1634:
1595:
1582:
1562:
1544:
1524:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1456:
1453:
1374:
1371:
1321:, such as the
1307:Constantinople
1279:Attila the Hun
1222:Galla Placidia
1196:Flavius Aetius
1172:
1169:
1132:asked Emperor
1086:
1083:
1027:
1024:
1022:(Marseilles).
956:Roman colonies
910:Roman Republic
905:
904:Roman Republic
902:
884:Roman Republic
775:
774:
772:
771:
764:
757:
749:
746:
745:
732:
731:
726:
725:
723:
722:
715:
708:
705:Limes Arabicus
700:
699:
692:
687:
682:
677:
675:Limes Alutanus
671:
670:
664:
663:
655:
654:
648:
647:
641:
640:
639:
638:
636:Wetterau Limes
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
595:
594:
593:
592:
587:
585:Hadrian's Wall
582:
569:
568:
567:
566:
553:
548:
543:
542:
539:
538:
533:
532:
530:
529:
523:
518:
513:
512:
509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
496:
493:
492:
487:
486:
484:
483:
478:
472:
470:
469:
464:
456:
453:
452:
444:
439:
438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
423:
422:
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
406:
404:
403:
398:
392:
389:
388:
382:
381:
379:
378:
373:
367:
365:
364:
359:
354:
348:
345:
344:
336:
331:
330:
327:
326:
317:
311:
310:
302:
301:
287:
286:
269:
268:
183:
181:
174:
167:
166:
162:
161:
154:
143:
121:
118:
107:
104:
85:
84:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1983:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Hunnic empire
1868:
1866:
1865:Gepid kingdom
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:(1): 97–109.
1730:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1701:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
951:
925:
924:
919:
915:
911:
908:In the early
901:
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
881:
877:
871:
830:
829:
822:
783:
782:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
750:
748:
747:
744:
734:
733:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
697:
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:Trajan's Wall
683:
681:
680:Limes Moesiae
678:
676:
673:
672:
669:
666:
665:
662:
661:
657:
656:
653:
652:Norican Limes
650:
649:
646:
643:
642:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
597:
596:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Antonine Wall
578:
577:
576:
575:
571:
570:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
555:
554:
552:
551:
546:
541:
540:
528:
525:
524:
522:
521:
516:
511:
510:
500:
495:
494:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
468:
467:Siege engines
465:
463:
462:
458:
457:
455:
454:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
436:
428:
425:
424:
420:
415:
414:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
391:
390:
387:
384:
383:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
347:
346:
343:
340:
339:
334:
329:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
312:
308:
304:
303:
295:
294:
291:
283:
280:
265:
262:
254:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
212: –
211:
207:
206:Find sources:
200:
196:
190:
189:
184:This article
182:
178:
173:
172:
159:
155:
152:
144:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
106:
105:
99:
93:
91:
86:You can help
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1785:
1761:. Retrieved
1758:academia.edu
1757:
1728:
1724:
1717:Bibliography
1706:
1700:
1689:. Retrieved
1686:academia.edu
1685:
1675:
1666:
1656:
1647:
1637:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1576:. Abc-Clio.
1572:
1565:
1554:. Retrieved
1534:
1527:
1515:
1448:
1444:
1418:
1397:
1393:
1377:
1376:
1357:
1343:
1339:Julius Nepos
1314:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1268:Roman Africa
1255:
1253:
1234:
1225:
1205:cura palatii
1203:
1193:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1138:Danube River
1127:
1099:
1097:is unclear.
1094:
1088:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1031:
1029:
1026:Roman Empire
1018:(Cádiz) and
1010:lay outside
1007:
993:
989:
981:
971:
963:
922:
921:
913:
907:
894:Roman Empire
887:
879:
827:
826:
825:, singular:
780:
779:
778:
717:
710:
703:
694:
658:
598:
572:
556:
459:
290:
275:
257:
251:October 2012
248:
238:
231:
224:
217:
205:
193:Please help
188:verification
185:
133:edit summary
124:
97:(March 2024)
95:
87:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1790:: Foederati
1615:: 249–263.
1429:Banu Judham
1373:6th century
1230:per Gallias
1171:5th century
1085:4th century
1012:Roman Italy
995:res publica
878:, known as
590:Saxon Shore
210:"Foederati"
1971:Federalism
1935:Categories
1763:2018-11-20
1691:2018-11-20
1589:2018-10-17
1556:2016-12-25
1508:References
1437:Ghassanids
1433:Banu Amela
1386:Belisarius
1356:to become
1346:Ostrogoths
1181:Radagaisus
1106:Roman Gaul
988:of 90 BC (
978:Social War
828:foederatus
621:Main Limes
221:newspapers
92:in Italian
50:improve it
18:Roman ally
1941:Foederati
1745:192034477
1629:163532641
1445:foederati
1425:Tanukhids
1398:foederati
1394:foederati
1378:Foederati
1358:foederati
1315:foederati
1295:commander
1287:foederati
1283:foederati
1275:foederati
1256:foederati
1245:Visigoths
1226:comes et
1165:foederati
1150:foederati
1142:foederati
1071:foederati
1064:foederati
1056:Visigoths
1036:barbarian
1032:foederati
1030:The term
1008:foederati
1006:). Other
990:Lex Julia
914:foederati
898:barbarian
781:Foederati
606:Alb Limes
151:talk page
56:talk page
1669:: 52–69.
1550:Archived
1455:See also
1435:and the
1421:Lakhmids
1406:Lombards
1354:Pannonia
1327:Genseric
1260:Genseric
1249:Gunderic
1161:Stilicho
1152:levies.
1079:fealties
1060:Alaric I
1054:and the
1020:Massilia
1014:such as
1000:Heraclea
401:Admirals
376:Generals
307:a series
305:Part of
127:provide
1650:: 9–44.
1502:Zosimus
1441:Maurice
1414:Bulgars
1323:Vandals
1299:Odoacer
1237:Attaces
1214:Ravenna
1200:Joannes
1175:At the
1119:Vandals
1091:Ariaric
1075:marches
1044:Vandals
964:civitas
371:Auxilia
362:Legions
235:scholar
149:to the
131:in the
94:.
1788:, 1898
1743:
1627:
1580:
1542:
1410:Gepids
1390:Narses
1388:' and
1329:, and
1264:Iberia
1157:Alaric
1134:Valens
1102:Julian
1095:foedus
1040:Franks
1004:Naples
968:Latini
923:foedus
918:treaty
880:foedus
876:treaty
504:
461:Castra
396:Fleets
323:AD 476
319:753 BC
309:on the
237:
230:
223:
216:
208:
1741:S2CID
1625:S2CID
1487:Laeti
1449:thema
1335:Euric
1241:Alans
1189:Uldin
1185:Sarus
1130:Goths
1123:Alans
1110:Rhine
1048:Alans
1016:Gades
982:socii
973:socii
889:socii
564:Walls
558:Limes
481:Roads
242:JSTOR
228:books
111:DeepL
1578:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1412:and
1367:Zeno
1337:and
1210:Huns
1121:and
1052:Huns
1002:and
984:. A
386:Navy
342:Army
214:news
125:must
123:You
1733:doi
1617:doi
1613:106
1202:as
986:law
197:by
113:or
1937::
1756:.
1739:.
1729:21
1727:.
1684:.
1665:.
1646:.
1623:.
1611:.
1607:.
1548:.
1431:,
1427:,
1416:.
1408:,
1341:.
1297:,
1270:.
1191:.
1167:.
1125:.
1081:.
1066:.
1050:,
1046:,
1042:,
938:iː
912:,
858:eɪ
818:aɪ
812:eɪ
321:–
59:.
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1766:.
1747:.
1735::
1694:.
1619::
1592:.
1559:.
998:(
962:(
950:/
947:s
944:ə
941:d
935:f
932:ˈ
929:/
920:(
870:/
867:s
864:ə
861:t
855:r
852:ˈ
849:ə
846:d
843:ɛ
840:f
837:ˌ
834:/
821:/
815:t
809:r
806:ˈ
803:ə
800:d
797:ɛ
794:f
791:ˌ
788:/
784:(
768:e
761:t
754:v
282:)
276:(
264:)
258:(
253:)
249:(
239:·
232:·
225:·
218:·
191:.
160:.
153:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
