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31:
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to produce a shorter engine. This required the heated air to flow forward before reversing its direction to pass through the single-stage axial-flow turbine. For the W.2, the impeller was 19 inches (480 mm) in diameter and there were ten combustion chambers. The front face of the turbine disc
243:
Whittle was constantly frustrated by Rover. He thought that there was an inability to deliver production-quality parts, and became increasingly vocal with his complaints. Whittle accused Rover of "tampering" with the design of the engine in order to avoid patent fees and enable Rover to claim the
226:
eliminated the surging by adding a 20-vane diffuser to the compressor. J.P. Herriot of the Air
Inspection Department (A.I.D.) was sent to Rover to provide improved turbine materials, and the engine passed a 25-hour test at 1,250 lbf (5.6 kN) in November 1942. Meanwhile, the prototype
299:
on 1 March 1943. Starting in April, the ratings had been improved to 1,526 lbf (6.79 kN) thrust, and achieved 1,600 lbf (7.1 kN) on 7 May 1943. The prototype F.9/40 was finally fitted with 1,700 lbf (7.6 kN) engines and was flown by
319:, (the "/G" signifying "Guard", meaning that the aircraft was to have an armed guard at all times while on the ground). It was test flown by Daunt on 12 January 1944. This Meteor was then sent to the US in exchange for a
291:. Adrian Lombard moved with the engines from Rover to Rolls-Royce. Stanley Hooker helped in the task of ironing out the remaining problems, and things soon improved. A flight-quality /23 was fitted to a
244:
design as their own, whilst Rover's development work was proceeding at a slow pace. Rover was losing interest in the project after the delays and constant harassment from
Whittle. Earlier, in 1940,
345:(NGTE) in 1943. When the V-1 attacks started on London in 1944 flight tests were done using a Welland engine in a Meteor I. The attacks finished before the reheat could be used in action.
162:
division. Hooker's experience in the design of centrifugal superchargers, along with improved metals and combustion systems, put the engine back on track and it soon entered production.
393:
From
October 1943 a total of 167 Wellands were dispatched from the Rolls-Royce facility at Barnoldswick. By this point, Adrian Lombard's straight-through design, which became the
139:. The relationship between the companies was strained due to Rover's inability to deliver working parts, and broke when Whittle learned that a team of Rover engineers led by
260:
division, which Hooker directed, and which was naturally suited to jet engine work. Hives agreed to supply key parts to help the project along. Eventually, in early 1943,
114:, in keeping with the Rolls-Royce policy of naming early jet engines after rivers based on the idea of continuous flow, air through the engine and water in a river.
836:
165:
The
Welland was used only for a short time. Hooker continued development of the W.2B/26, which featured an improved layout. This soon entered production as the
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377:, which entering service only a few weeks earlier, was rated at 1,984 lbf (8.83 kN), but required overhaul after 10–20 hours. Flying from
749:
181:
Demonstration run of the
Welland by Terry Jones. This example is the oldest working jet engine in the world (restored by Aero Engines Carlisle)
227:
Gloster F.9/40, soon to be known as the Meteor, was ready for flight, although the engines were not. Taxi tests were started by test pilot
283:
Rover handed over a total of 32 W.2B/23 engines to Rolls-Royce as well as four "straight-through" W.2B/26 engines, developed by Rover's
1708:
272:. By mutual agreement between the Minister of Aircraft Production and the Boards of Rover and Rolls-Royce, the Rover jet factory at
313:
231:
while waiting for flight-quality engines. The first flight-test of the engine took place on 9 August 1942, fitted in the tail of a
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253:
905:
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518:
1703:
735:
335:
by John
Grierson on 15 April. Several test flights followed, and by December it had been shipped back to the UK.
1106:
1618:
373:
in May 1944. The
Wellands were rated at 1,600 lbf (7.1 kN), with 180 hours between overhauls. The
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was cooled with air drawn in by an auxiliary fan. The engine weighed about 850 pounds (390 kilograms).
131:, Whittle's second design and the first intended for eventual production. Power Jets was working with
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A Rolls-Royce
Welland restored by Aero Engines Carlisle, exhibited in Solway Aviation Museum
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with higher thrust ratings, and
Welland-equipped Meteors were either re-engined or retired.
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609:"Vikings at Waterloo' David S Brooks, Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, Derby, 1997,
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295:, an updated version of the E.28 that had flown the W.1, and was flown by
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228:
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122:
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177:
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near the
English Channel, 616 Squadron first saw action against the
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46:
287:. The W.2B/23 became the RB.23 Welland and the W.2B/26 became the
201:. Both engines used Whittle's "reverse flow" design, in which the
30:
474:
409:
An example of the engine with parts cut away to show its workings
312:
Two Wellands were installed in the first production Meteor Mk.1,
206:
503:
218:
The first examples produced by Rover had serious problems with
185:
The W.2 was a larger version of Whittle's original design, the
491:
pressure feed, dry sump with scavenge cooling and filtration
691:. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Ramsbury: The Crowood Press.
16:
Turbojet aircraft engine, Britain's first production jet
99:
579:
577:
143:
and John Herriot had designed their own version, the
893:
280:
factory in Nottingham. A handshake sealed the deal.
574:
264:of Rover met Hives and Hooker for a dinner at the
213:
150:Fed up with Whittle, Rover handed the project to
1690:
710:. New York: Paul H. Wilkinson. pp. 292–293.
658:. New York: Paul H. Wilkinson. pp. 292–293.
567:
565:
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879:
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252:had met Whittle, and later introduced him to
757:
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508:1,600 lbf (7.1 kN) at 16,000 rpm.
400:
886:
872:
750:
736:
689:Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960
418:
705:
653:
353:Production of the Meteor continued, with
238:
172:
1699:Rolls-Royce aircraft gas turbine engines
674:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
647:
626:
404:
176:
106:. It entered production in 1943 for the
117:The engine was originally developed by
1691:
523:1.1212 lb/lbf/hr (114.3 kg/kN/hr)
867:
731:
676:. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989.
461:Single-stage double-sided centrifugal
110:. The name Welland is taken from the
627:Constant, Hayne (20 December 1957).
385:en route to London on 27 July 1944.
256:. Rolls-Royce had a fully developed
189:, or W.1, which flew in 1941 in the
686:
470:10 reverse-flow combustion chambers
193:experimental testbed aircraft. The
13:
708:Aircraft Engines of the world 1945
656:Aircraft Engines of the world 1945
635:. Iliffe and Sons Ltd. p. 961
343:National Gas Turbine Establishment
276:was exchanged for the Rolls-Royce
14:
1720:
1709:Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
716:
307:
723:The Welland at enginehistory.org
331:. The Meteor was first flown at
29:
666:
341:development had started at the
1326:Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick (RB)
620:
603:
591:. 7 February 1946. p. 132
495:
214:Problems and first flight test
1:
548:
452:
388:
348:
187:Whittle Supercharger Type W.1
633:Flight and Aircraft Engineer
589:Flight and Aircraft Engineer
222:and turbine blade failures.
158:joined the team from Rolls'
7:
1544:Aero-derivative industrial
706:Wilkinson, Paul H. (1945).
654:Wilkinson, Paul H. (1945).
536:
514:1,202 °F (650 °C)
10:
1725:
1680:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
512:Turbine inlet temperature:
442:43 in (1,092 mm)
436:62 in (1,575 mm)
135:who referred to it as the
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629:"Gas Turbine Development"
585:""River Class" Evolution"
519:Specific fuel consumption
448:850 lb (386 kg)
323:(Power Jets W.1) powered
96:Rolls-Royce RB.23 Welland
37:
28:
23:
687:Kay, Anthony L. (2007).
553:
543:List of aircraft engines
401:Specifications (Welland)
1010:By company designation:
427:Centrifugal compressor
419:General characteristics
205:were placed around the
1704:1940s turbojet engines
830:Turboprops/turboshafts
528:Thrust-to-weight ratio
410:
266:Swan & Royal Hotel
239:Rover/Rolls-Royce Deal
195:centrifugal compressor
182:
173:Design and development
1565:Rolls-Royce Meteorite
408:
325:Bell XP-59A Airacomet
180:
1676:Rolls-Royce Holdings
1609:Alan Arnold Griffith
371:No. 616 Squadron RAF
321:General Electric J31
197:used a double-sided
102:'s first production
1664:Spirito Mario Viale
895:Rolls-Royce Limited
571:Janes 1989, p. 268.
395:Rolls-Royce Derwent
333:Muroc Army Airfield
203:combustion chambers
167:Rolls-Royce Derwent
1614:R.W. Harvey-Bailey
1560:Rolls-Royce Meteor
1546:and marine engines
479:Single-stage axial
411:
278:Meteor tank engine
233:Vickers Wellington
183:
72:Major applications
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861:
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698:978-1-86126-912-6
369:entering service
304:on 24 July 1943.
125:and known as the
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1716:
1550:
1549:
1231:(as Turbo-Union)
1225:(with MAN Turbo)
1204:(with MAN Turbo)
1064:Rolls-Royce RZ.2
941:Eagle XVI (X-16)
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326:
322:
318:
315:
314:Serial number
305:
303:
302:Michael Daunt
298:
297:John Grierson
294:
290:
289:RB.26 Derwent
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Spencer Wilks
259:
255:
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247:
236:
234:
230:
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224:Maurice Wilks
221:
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157:
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120:
119:Frank Whittle
115:
113:
112:River Welland
109:
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97:
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81:
78:
75:
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69:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
53:Manufacturer
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1629:Gordon Lewis
1619:Ernest Hives
1575:Gas turbines
1334:
1328:designations
1157:
946:Eagle (H-24)
936:Eagle (V-12)
898:aero engines
805:
762:aero engines
707:
688:
673:
667:Bibliography
655:
649:
639:14 September
637:. Retrieved
632:
622:
605:
595:14 September
593:. Retrieved
588:
526:
517:
511:
501:
488:
482:
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458:
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366:
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337:
328:
316:
311:
293:Gloster G.40
282:
274:Barnoldswick
258:supercharger
254:Ernest Hives
242:
217:
198:
184:
164:
160:supercharger
149:
144:
136:
126:
116:
95:
93:
84:Number built
18:
1654:Henry Royce
1589:Marine Spey
1274:Turboshafts
1107:Olympus 593
496:Performance
489:Oil system:
459:Compressor:
446:Dry weight:
379:RAF Manston
250:Rolls-Royce
229:Gerry Sayer
152:Rolls-Royce
121:'s team at
57:Rolls-Royce
1693:Categories
1270:Turboprops
759:Power Jets
549:References
483:Fuel type:
466:Combustors
453:Components
389:Production
349:In service
123:Power Jets
104:jet engine
63:First run
1674:See also
1602:Designers
1168:Turbofans
1074:Turbojets
991:Peregrine
846:Designers
769:Turbojets
440:Diameter:
414:Data from
375:Jumo 004B
270:Clitheroe
1445:RB168-62
1208:RB168-62
1101:variants
914:By name:
537:See also
502:Maximum
485:Kerosene
429:turbojet
365:through
235:bomber.
199:impeller
154:, where
47:Turbojet
24:Welland
1197:Pegasus
1158:Welland
1099: (
1097:Olympus
1087:Derwent
1001:Vulture
986:Pennine
976:Kestrel
966:Griffon
961:Goshawk
921:Buzzard
816:W.2/700
811:W.2/500
806:W.2B/23
617:, p. 71
475:Turbine
434:Length:
329:RG362/G
317:EE210/G
220:surging
207:turbine
145:W.2B/26
137:W.2B/23
100:Britain
1490:RB.193
1430:RB.162
1302:Nimbus
1223:RB.193
1213:RB.175
1192:Medway
1181:Conway
1148:Thames
1128:RB.162
1123:RB.145
1118:RB.108
1113:RB.106
1037:Type R
1032:Type F
1027:Type G
1022:Type H
981:Merlin
956:Falcon
926:Condor
837:C.P.35
695:
680:
613:
504:thrust
339:Reheat
1535:RB508
1530:RB410
1525:RB235
1520:RB220
1515:RB211
1510:RB203
1505:RB207
1500:RB202
1495:RB199
1485:RB183
1480:RB181
1475:RB178
1470:RB177
1465:RB176
1460:RB175
1455:RB174
1450:RB172
1440:RB168
1435:RB163
1425:RB153
1420:RB146
1415:RB145
1410:RB142
1405:RB141
1400:RB140
1395:RB109
1390:RB108
1385:RB106
1312:Tweed
1307:Trent
1297:Gnome
1282:Clyde
1250:RB235
1245:RB220
1240:RB211
1235:RB202
1229:RB199
1218:RB178
1202:RB153
1176:Adour
1153:Viper
1133:RB176
1059:Larch
931:Crecy
554:Notes
532:1.887
425:Type:
355:EF211
133:Rover
66:1942
43:Type
1678:and
1380:RB93
1375:RB82
1370:RB80
1365:RB53
1360:RB50
1355:RB44
1350:RB41
1345:RB39
1340:RB37
1335:RB23
1317:Tyne
1287:Dart
1255:Spey
1186:M45H
1138:Soar
1092:Nene
1082:Avon
1017:PV12
971:Hawk
821:W.3X
801:W.2B
791:W.1X
786:WR.1
693:ISBN
678:ISBN
641:2018
611:ISBN
597:2018
361:and
98:was
94:The
88:167
1292:Gem
1143:Tay
996:"R"
951:Exe
796:W.2
781:W.1
367:244
363:230
359:229
357:to
248:of
128:W.2
1695::
776:WU
631:.
587:.
576:^
562:^
327:,
268:,
147:.
1577::
1272:/
1103:)
887:e
880:t
873:v
751:e
744:t
737:v
701:.
643:.
599:.
530::
521::
506::
477::
468::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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