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43:, only the tremors associated with damage to accessible mine workings are classified as rock bursts. The opening of mine workings relieves neighboring rocks of tremendous pressure, which can cause the rock to fail explosively or trigger abrupt movement in nearby geological structures. Rock bursts are a serious hazard; in
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Approaches for dealing with rock bursts can be divided into two categories: tactical measures, which can be taken locally and at short notice in response to a heightened level of rock burst hazard, and strategic measures, which must be integrated into the mine design process and long-term planning.
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of rock that is approximately 100 to 200 tonnes, or more. This release of energy reduces the potential energy of the rock around the excavation. Another explanation is that the changes brought about by the mine's redistribution of stress trigger latent
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The likelihood of rock bursts occurring increases as the depth of the mine increases. Rock bursts are also affected by the size of the excavation (the larger the more risky), becoming more likely if the excavation size is around 180 m and above.
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can reduce rock burst hazards, particularly highly stressed brittle rock. Destress holes can be efficiently integrated into conventional rounds. Destress blasting of large volumes, however, can be more
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that absorb energy and deform without breaking. Even where these systems suffer damage, they are often able to limit falls of ground and permit access where other systems fail completely.
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Slowing the rate of extraction will often reduce the amount of seismicity in relation to tonnage mined and may actually prevent bursting under some conditions.
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Where veins branch, stoping should begin at the intersection and then progress away from the intersection one branch at a time.
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60 Years of
Rockbursting in the Coeur d'Alene District of Northern Idaho, USA: Lessons Learned and Remaining Issues
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Probabilistic Risk
Assessment of Rock Bursts and Excessive Gas Emissions in Longwall Top Coal Caving Mining
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such as faulty methods of mining can trigger rock bursts. Other causes of rock bursts are the presence of
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A number of tactical measures have been used successfully to reduce rockburst hazards. They include:
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Pillars, or volumes of rock in between excavations, should be eliminated or reduced to a minimum.
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Rock bursts result from brittle fracturing of rock, causing it to collapse rapidly with violent
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should be stoped singly, the hanging wall vein first (footwall vein first if underhand mining).
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256:. 109th Annual Exhibit and Meeting, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
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Whyatt, J.K.; Blake, W.; Williams, T.J.; White, B.G. (February 2002).
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Strategic measures that have been used successfully include:
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The merging of large excavations at depth should be avoided.
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Agrawal, H.; Durucan, S.; Cao, W.; Korre, A. (June 2021).
299:(2nd ed.). Belmont: West Publishing Company. p.
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should be adopted and followed as closely as possible.
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39:. Although mines may experience many mining-related
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The
Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution
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366:. 55th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium
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47:, they kill roughly 20 miners each year.
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28:is a spontaneous, violent failure of
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20:Rock burst damage at a deep US mine
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327:Marshak, Stephen (October 2001).
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133:A properly planned sequence of
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331:Earth: Portrait of a Planet
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164:or other plane of weakness.
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167:Mined-out areas should be
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260:. Phoenix, Arizona
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45:South Africa
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391:Mine safety
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34:high-stress
370:2022-11-01
264:2019-04-03
226:1057952976
217:0122821203
193:References
88:Mitigation
26:rock burst
150:Parallel
385:Category
176:See also
139:ore body
114:blasting
57:spalling
135:stoping
51:Details
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169:filled
105:Using
82:joints
74:faults
162:fault
152:veins
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341:ISBN
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222:OCLC
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