126:
landowners and institutions. This worked reasonably well, though sometimes those liable refused to co-operate and had goods seized. In 1311 for instance the King's bailiff, William Mot, seized a horse and five cows from the tenants of
Westerham, however Richard Trewe and Hamon le Brun "rescued" the animals back and Richard "beat the said William". Despite partial rebuilding, the bridge fell into disrepair and collapses occurred with the worrying frequency of about once a year. In 1339 the bridge was down for 24 weeks, then the first and third piers were found to be decayed (repairs estimated at £19 and £8 6s 8d). In 1361 the bridge was in a dangerous state for 3 weeks and a boat had to be hired as a ferry. In the winter of 1380–81 a large proportion of the bridge was carried away by the combined forces of meltwater and ice. In 1382, the bridge being impassible" a commission was appointed to enquire as to those responsible for its maintenance. The commission included
170:
1490:
113:). This was almost certainly the first bridge at the site, and probably the earliest major bridge built in Britain by the Roman army, as the Romans were the first occupiers to have the necessary technology to bridge such a wide and fierce tidal river. The Roman engineers might have initially built a pontoon bridge to support and supply their invading armies; however this would have needed replacing by a stronger, more permanent bridge to support increased traffic. Victorian engineers discovered the Roman foundations when they were building the current Old Bridge, they found that stone foundations had been used, probably to support a wooden deck.
139:
22:
1388:
265:'s cast iron bridge was built in 1856 to replace the stone bridge. This bridge was built downstream of the stone bridge, on the alignment of the current bridge and where the Romans had built theirs. It comprised three cast iron arches and a swing bridge span designed to swing open to allow river traffic, but the mechanism was never used and was eventually removed. The cast iron arches were below the road deck, making the bridge relatively low and meant that passing traffic at high tide had to navigate to line up with the top of the arch or risk striking the bridge.
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site of each pier. The space between the two circles was then packed with clay to make the coffer-dam waterproof, and the water inside was pumped out to create a dry working area on the riverbed. The main oak piling was then driven deep into the chalk bedrock. The piers were built within a timber framework; they were stone faced and packed with ragstone rubble. Across the piers three oak beams were placed and planks laid over that to form the road-deck.
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1313:, and had four spans, one of which could be opened to allow masted ships through, although this was later found to be unnecessary and so was fixed shut. The bridge was built of iron girders supported on masonry piers, 600 feet in length and weighing 700 tons. The East Kent Railway became the London Chatham and Dover Railway 1 August 1859 and in 1861 the bridge became a part of the newly completed
1467:'s letters patent in 1399. The trust still owns some of the land gifted to the wardens and used the income derived from the endowments to pay for the new bridges in 1856 (now the westbound lanes of the A2) and 1970 (eastbound A2) as well as meeting all the costs of maintaining those bridges and part of Rochester Esplanade.
364:
On the Strood side of the bridge was the Ship's
Passage: a channel 40 feet (12 m) in width. It was spanned by a swing bridge consisting of six wrought iron girders turning on a cast iron roller path, 30 feet (9.1 m) in diameter with 30 cast iron rollers. The centre wrought iron screw was 11
318:
The Roman Bridge was built circa AD 43 on the instructions of the
Emperor Claudius. The flat bridge deck was supported on nine stone piers set on iron tipped oak timbers driven deep into the riverbed. To achieve this, a coffer-dam of two concentric circles of shallow piling was constructed around the
356:
The new bridge was 40 feet (12 m) wide with a combined span of 485 feet (148 m) over the three arches. The outside arches were each 140 feet (43 m), and the central arch was 170 feet (52 m) long with 18 feet (5.5 m) feet of headroom at high water. It appeared delicate, but
221:
The building of a stone bridge was organised and funded by Sir John de Cobham and Sir Robert
Knolles (or Knollys), finished in 1391. It was located about 100 yards upstream of the Roman bridge and had 11 arches and a total length of 570 feet (170 m) It was 14 feet (4.3 m) wide. To ensure
1642:
The Bridge Chapel was built in 1383. It was dissolved under the
Charities Act in 1548 and was used as a storeroom for bridge materials, a house, and later a pub and as a fruit shop. Over time it deteriorated and lost its roof. It was restored in the 1930s and used as a meeting room and exhibition
295:
All three bridges underwent major maintenance and complete refurbishment, completed in
December 2021. As for all the work to the bridges, this was paid for by the Rochester Bridge Trust with the proceeds from the original endowments and was carried out at no cost to the public taxpayer or bridge
343:
or pointed ends upstream and downstream to deflect the current. They were constructed from 10,000 piles that were connected by joists. The wooden structure was packed with chalk (the local stone) and then decked in elm planking. On these platforms were constructed 12 stone piers at irregular
125:
besieged the gate house and set fire to the bridge as part of his successful attempt to take
Rochester. In the latter part of the 14th century the bridge consisted of nine stone piers supporting a wooden superstructure. Administratively the responsibility for bridge was divided amongst local
352:
The
Wardens and Assistants of Rochester Bridge considered three proposals when the Medieval bridge needed to be replaced: a stone bridge, a suspension bridge and the cast iron bridge that was eventually built. The navy required a passage so masted vessels could proceed up stream.
1360:. In 1927 the Chatham Mainline was diverted to use the more substantial second railway bridge, and the original LCDR railway bridge was left unused for decades. The foundations of the bridge were eventually repurposed for the second road bridge which opened in 1970.
284:
The cast iron arched bridge was partly reconstructed with bowstring-shaped trusses above the deck at a cost of £95,887. During these works the bridge remained open for traffic. The reconstructed bridge was formally opened on 14 May 1914, by Lady
Darnley.
238:. The trust was able to maintain the bridge using income from property and investments, and materials from its own woods and quarries. A scheme of improvements were carried out from 1792 to widen the roadway of the bridge, to the plans of the engineer
1557:
The trust is a charity with thirteen trustees, sometimes known locally as the Bridge
Wardens. Six are nominated by the local councils and seven are appointed by the trust. The trust in its current form was re-established by an act of Parliament, the
1507:
An Act to make better provisions for the constitution of the Court of Wardens and Assistants of Rochester Bridge in the county of Kent to empower the Court, to contribute to the funds of the New College of Cobham in the same county and for other
1606:
The trust has also made grants for local good causes ranging from a few thousand pounds to more significant grants. In particular, contributions have been made to the restoration of many important historic buildings in Kent.
268:
Not every ship was successful and many collisions occurred. These took their toll on the bridge and an inspection in 1909 showed fractured ribs and missing bolts. After a relatively short life a new bridge was needed.
365:
inches (28 cm) in diameter. The swing bridge was delicately balanced. The total weight of the swing bridge and roadway was over 300 tonnes, it could have been rotated with ease 90 degrees upriver.
1463:
The road bridges and the services bridge continue to be maintained by the Rochester Bridge Trust, the modern incarnation of the Wardens and Commonalty of Rochester Bridge, which was established by
357:
the cast iron structure weighed over 2,500 metric tons (2,500 long tons). It rested on foundations of cast iron cylinders sunk through the riverbed into the bedrock, using an innovative method of
344:
distances apart. There were connected by a drawbridge in bay 5, and gothic style stone arches for the other ten. Above these was the bridge deck with parapets. This was paved in Kentish ragstone.
226:. The two elected wardens were appointed under letters patent from Richard II to own land and use the income for the bridge. The Wardens and Commonalty received grants of land from
1598:, North Wales. The 720 metres (2,360 ft) long tunnel took four years to complete, at a cost of £80 million – and was opened by the Princess Royal on 12 June 1996.
1718:
64:. There have been several generations of bridge at this spot, and the current "bridge" is in fact four separate bridges: the Old Bridge and New Bridge carrying the
292:. At the same time, the Service Bridge was built between the Old Bridge and the New Bridge, to carry gas, electrical, water, sewage and communication services.
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2299:
1826:
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In 1970 a second road bridge, the New Bridge, was opened immediately next to the first, to increase capacity. It was opened on 15 April 1970, by
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1619:
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space. Once a year, on All Souls' Day (2 November) it is used to hold a commemoration service for the founders of the Rochester Bridge Trust.
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There are four extant bridges, and also the Roman bridge, and the Mediaeval bridge that was built 40m upstream, and the first railway bridge.
2344:
2194:; R.H. Britnell; James M. Gibson; David Ormrod; James Preston; P.F. Cooper and Glyn C. Jones (1994). Nigel Yates; James M. Gibson (eds.).
273:
121:
The piers of the Roman bridge survived well into the Middle Ages, supporting a timber deck with three beams of cross-planking. In 1264,
405:
122:
1513:
1410:
289:
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built the first rail bridge (which opened on 29 March 1858) for its line from Strood to Chatham. It was designed and built by
68:, Railway Bridge carrying the railway and the Service Bridge carrying service pipes and cables. The bridge links the towns of
1728:
1792:
187:
Writs purchases by the wardens of Rochester bridge, or against them, shall be good, though some of them die or be removed.
242:. The two central arches merged into one in 1824 to provide a wider channel for shipping, under the supervision first of
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250:. In 1856, when modern river traffic demanded a new structure the medieval bridge was demolished with the help of the
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1356:, and subsequent rationalisation saw the SER's Chatham Central branch closed on 1 October 1911, three years before
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was 560 feet (170 m) long and 14 feet (4.3 m) wide. The piers were built on protective platforms called
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1969:
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Calender of Inquisitions: Miscellaneous: Chancery Vol II 1307—49, No. 113,p.26. Cited in Becker (1930).
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with history of the Bridge Wardens and photos showing construction of current bridges and tunnel.
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upon its formation. In 2008 the council purchased the freehold of the tunnel. It was the first
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1717:(1994). "Rochester Bridge, AD 43 – 1381". In Yates, Nigel; Gibson, James M. (eds.).
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tunnel to be built in England and only the second of this type in the UK, the other being at
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Traffic and Politics: The construction and management of Rochester Bridge AD 43–1993
8:
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1582:(1996), a few miles downstream. The tunnel was operated under a 999-year lease first by
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Traffic and Politics: The construction and management of Rochester Bridge AD 43–1993
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who as supervisor of repairs ensured the bridge was passable by the following year.
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linking Strood and Frindsbury with Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham.
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The two rivals merged under a Joint Managing Committee in 1899 to form the
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339:, each about 40 feet (12 m) wide and 90 feet (27 m) long with
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From around 1908 to 1932 the bridge also carried the tracks for the
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the maintenance of their new bridge, the two men instituted the
76:. All except the railway bridge are owned and maintained by the
1443:
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73:
69:
1779:"Richard Whittington: A famous benefactor of Rochester Bridge"
1333:, the LCDR's local rival, built a branch line from its nearby
331:
between August 1387 September 1391. The bridge over the tidal
1595:
1318:
106:
2106:"Medway Tunnel Transfer Notice - The Rochester Bridge Trust"
41:
The 1970 Rochester Bridge forms the east-bound lanes of the
1767:(The Buildings of England ed.). Penguin. p. 474.
327:
This was a stone bridge of eleven arches. It was built by
1405:
An Act for the perpetual Maintenance of Rochester Bridge.
2245:
1570:. c. lvii), and is regulated by the Charity Commission.
1345:, opened on 20 July 1891, and its own Chatham station,
2164:
2039:
1578:
The trust also contributed to the construction of the
234:, as well as money from other benefactors, including
1991:"The Victorian Bridge - The Rochester Bridge Trust"
146:, downstream of the old bridge at right, circa 1675
56:was for centuries the lowest fixed crossing of the
1970:"The Medieval Bridge - The Rochester Bridge Trust"
2067:"The Bridge Wardens - The Rochester Bridge Trust"
2053:"Rochester Bridge Trust - Wardens and Assistants"
1862:
1618:Grammar schools and made large endowments to the
33:Two lion statues guard each end of the Old Bridge
2291:
1341:across the Medway to its own Rochester station,
1251:
569:
509:
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384:
1917:"Rochester Bridge Trust - bridge refurbishment"
2212:
1763:Newman, John (1969). Pevsner, Nikolaus (ed.).
1691:
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399:
2254:Medway Council website. Accessed 2006-09-05.
2149:"The Bridge Chapel - Rochester Bridge Trust"
1889:"Rochester Bridge Trust - archived lectures"
1744:
1686:
1671:
1620:Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School
2340:Through arch bridges in the United Kingdom
2300:Buildings and structures completed in 1391
1931:"Rochester Bridge Trust - annual accounts"
1658:
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406:
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224:Wardens and Commonalty of Rochester Bridge
1903:"Rochester Bridge Trust - the New Bridge"
1758:
1756:
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305:
2092:"Rochester Bridge Trust - Medway Tunnel"
1682:. London: Constable & Co. p. 2.
1665:History of Strood Rural District Council
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137:
36:
28:
20:
2224:(2nd ed.). Shepperton: Ian Allan.
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2166:"Bridges - The Rochester Bridge Trust"
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1983:
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2320:Bridges completed in the 14th century
1856:
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381:train approaches the (second) bridge
25:Rochester Bridge from the south east
2345:Stone bridges in the United Kingdom
1980:
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2246:The Rochester Bridge Trust website
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105:, carrying traffic from London to
16:Bridge in Rochester, Kent, England
14:
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2198:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
1829:from the original on 6 March 2016
1354:South Eastern and Chatham Railway
2027:, 5 July 1856, v.23, 593, p.245.
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1610:In the 1880s, the Trust founded
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2222:History of the Southern Railway
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2023:'Railway Bridge at Rochester',
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1865:Maidstone and Chatham Tramways
1825:. The Rochester Bridge Trust.
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2252:The story of Rochester Bridge
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1624:Maidstone Boys Grammar School
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2040:Bridge Wardens-Bridges 2017
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2170:The Rochester Bridge Trust
2128:The Rochester Bridge Trust
2110:The Rochester Bridge Trust
2071:The Rochester Bridge Trust
1995:The Rochester Bridge Trust
1974:The Rochester Bridge Trust
1949:The Rochester Bridge Trust
1863:Harley, Robert J. (1994).
1723:. Boydell. pp. 1–40.
1680:Rochester Bridge:1387—1856
1470:United Kingdom legislation
1368:United Kingdom legislation
1364:The Rochester Bridge Trust
150:United Kingdom legislation
97:built a bridge across the
83:
2315:Bridges completed in 1970
2310:Bridges completed in 1914
2305:Bridges completed in 1856
1638:The Bridge Chapel in 1788
1562:Rochester Bridge Act 1908
1550:Rochester Bridge Act 1575
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157:Rochester Bridge Act 1421
155:
1797:The Gentleman's Magazine
1678:Becker, M Janet (1930).
1663:Matthews, Brian (1971).
88:
2014:Marshall (1968), p.326.
1765:West Kent and the Weald
45:across the River Medway
2153:Rochester Bridge Trust
1850:"The Victorian Bridge"
1667:. pp. 24, 37, 47.
1639:
382:
306:Constructional methods
300:National Cycle Route 1
240:Daniel Asher Alexander
147:
78:Rochester Bridge Trust
46:
34:
26:
2214:Dendy Marshall, C. F.
1839:Retrieved 26 May 2011
1823:"The Medieval Bridge"
1793:"D.A. Alexander, Esq"
1637:
1622:in Rochester and the
1393:Parliament of England
1331:South Eastern Railway
1325:Second railway bridge
376:
244:John Rennie the Elder
175:Parliament of England
142:Ships laid up in the
141:
40:
32:
24:
2276:51.39220°N 0.50080°E
369:First railway bridge
2330:Transport in Medway
2272: /
2192:Brooks, Nicholas P.
1867:. Middleton Press.
1715:Brooks, Nicholas P.
1584:Kent County Council
280:1914 to present day
246:, and completed by
236:Richard Whittington
1945:"The Roman Bridge"
1640:
574:Medway Valley Line
383:
359:pneumatic caissons
263:Sir William Cubitt
148:
111:Continental Europe
62:South East England
47:
35:
27:
2281:51.39220; 0.50080
1781:. 2 October 2023.
1750:Becker (1930) p 5
1730:978-0-851-15356-8
1695:Becker (1930) p 4
1555:
1554:
1541:Other legislation
1483:Act of Parliament
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1381:Act of Parliament
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1307:East Kent Railway
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290:Princess Margaret
274:local tram system
219:
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163:Act of Parliament
123:Simon de Montfort
72:and Rochester in
54:Rochester, Medway
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2124:"Medway Tunnel"
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2173:. Retrieved
2169:
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2131:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
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2100:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
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2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1973:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1897:
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1858:
1844:
1831:. Retrieved
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1800:
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1734:. Retrieved
1719:
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1605:
1577:
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1556:
1532:Royal assent
1462:
1429:Royal assent
1351:
1335:railway line
1328:
1304:
1073:River Medway
839:
782:Strood (1st)
415:Medway Towns
363:
355:
351:
333:River Medway
329:Henry Yevele
326:
317:
314:Roman bridge
309:
298:
294:
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223:
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211:Commencement
120:
99:River Medway
92:
58:River Medway
49:
48:
18:
2279: /
2076:24 February
1736:24 February
1444:Repealed by
1358:World War I
1007:(1892–2015)
526:Blackfriars
117:Middle Ages
101:as part of
2294:Categories
2264:51°23′32″N
1833:11 January
1647:References
1503:Long title
1416:18 Eliz. 1
1401:Long title
1199:Gillingham
473:St Pancras
183:Long title
2267:0°30′03″E
2216:(1963) .
2133:1 October
1612:Rochester
1586:and then
1521:. c. lvii
1508:purposes.
1264:Faversham
1004:Rochester
972:Rochester
341:cutwaters
337:starlings
1827:Archived
1568:8 Edw. 7
1519:8 Edw. 7
1514:Citation
1411:Citation
1272:Ramsgate
522:Victoria
228:Henry IV
193:Citation
2220:(ed.).
2175:1 March
2000:1 March
1954:1 March
1418:. c. 17
1228:Rainham
1107:Chatham
975:(2015–)
780:|
631:Halling
296:users.
232:Henry V
200:. c. 12
84:History
66:A2 road
2228:
2202:
1871:
1807:30 May
1727:
1339:Strood
1270:&
731:Strood
674:Cuxton
524:&
471:&
459:&
424:Legend
144:Medway
95:Romans
74:Medway
70:Strood
1596:Conwy
1526:Dates
1423:Dates
1319:Dover
1278:
1268:Dover
1250:
588:
568:
532:
508:
479:
451:
205:Dates
107:Dover
89:Roman
2226:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2177:2017
2135:2020
2078:2017
2002:2017
1956:2017
1869:ISBN
1835:2017
1809:2011
1738:2017
1725:ISBN
1614:and
1329:The
1305:The
230:and
93:The
1337:at
1262:to
580:to
520:to
467:to
461:HS1
60:in
52:in
2296::
2168:.
2151:.
2126:.
2108:.
2069:.
2032:^
1993:.
1982:^
1972:.
1947:.
1801:26
1799:.
1795:.
1755:^
1688:^
1655:^
1626:.
1321:.
1266:,
377:A
361:.
254:.
80:.
43:A2
2234:.
2208:.
2179:.
2155:.
2137:.
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2080:.
2055:.
2042:.
2004:.
1976:.
1958:.
1933:.
1919:.
1905:.
1891:.
1877:.
1852:.
1837:.
1811:.
1740:.
1566:(
407:e
400:t
393:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
