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2010 United States foreclosure crisis

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servicing process. It also covered two companies previously purchased by Ocwen, Litton Loan Servicing LP (“Litton”) and Homeward Residential Holdings LLC (previously known as American Home Mortgage Servicing, Inc. or AHMSI). Ocwen was also required to pay $ 125 million to the nearly 185,000 Ocwen, Litton, and Homeward borrowers who had been foreclosed upon and well as being required to adhere to significant new homeowner protections.
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mean someone forges an executive's signature, or a lower-level employee signs his or her own name with a fake title. It can mean failing to comply with notary procedures. In all of these cases, robo-signing involves people signing documents and swearing to their accuracy without verifying any of the information."
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entered the Consent Order on September 30, 2014. The consent order addressed SunTrust's alleged misconduct regarding its mortgage servicing and foreclosure practices. SunTrust was also required to create a 40 million dollar fund for the approximately 45,000 SunTrust borrowers who were foreclosed upon
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Aderholt defended his bill in a statement: “There is absolutely no connection whatsoever between the Interstate Recognition of Notarizations Act of 2010 and the recent foreclosure documentation problems… The bill expressly requires lawful notarizations, and in no way validates improper notarizations.
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ruled, in 2007, that "... it is apparent - and we so hold - that no substantive rights, obligations or defenses are affected by the use of the MERS device, there is no reason why mere form should overcome the salutary substance of permitting the use of this commercially effective means of business."
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On February 9, 2012, it was announced that the five largest mortgage servicers (Ally/GMAC, Bank of America, Citi, JPMorgan Chase, and Wells Fargo) agreed to a historic settlement with the federal government and 49 states. The settlement, known as the National Mortgage Settlement (NMS), required the
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released two reports that robo-signing continued to be a major problem in U.S. courtrooms across America. The AP defined robo-signing as a "variety of practices. It can mean a qualified executive in the mortgage industry signs a mortgage affidavit document without verifying the information. It can
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Joseph A. Smith, Jr., the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks, was tapped to be the Settlement Monitor. He created the Office of Mortgage Settlement Oversight (OMSO) to ensure the banks were providing relief to homeowners and complying with the new mortgage servicing standards as required by the
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Financial Corporation—who at the time, was the largest nonbank mortgage loan servicer in the country—and its subsidiary, Ocwen Loan Servicing, to provide $ 2 billion in first lien principal reduction to underwater borrowers. The consent order addressed Ocwen's misconduct during the mortgage
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between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013. In addition, SunTrust was required to adhere to significant new homeowner protections. The consent order required that SunTrust follow the servicing standards set up by the 2012 National Mortgage Settlement (NMS) with the five largest banks.
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that operates an electronic registry designed to track servicing rights and ownership of mortgage loans in the United States. Since the 2010 crisis, 62 million mortgages are held in the name of MERS, and MERS has initiated thousands of foreclosures in the United States, claiming to be the
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On September 21, 2010, HousingWire ran an article citing defects in affidavits used in some foreclosure cases at Ally Financial, formerly known as GMAC Mortgage. "This situation with GMAC isn't limited to GMAC," Margery Golant, of Golant & Golant, a foreclosure law firm in
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of 2010 would have required “any Federal or State court to recognize any notarization made by a notary public licensed by a State other than the State where the court is located when such notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce.” The bill, written by U.S. Rep.
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as S.2083 in 2007, but it ultimately stalled. The bill was again sponsored by Aderholt (R-AL) and introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives as H.R. 3808 on October 14, 2009. It passed by voice vote in the House on April 27, 2010. The bill was co-sponsored by Rep.
134:. This revelation led to increased scrutiny of foreclosure documentation. The practice was apparently common in the mortgage industry. In the weeks following the robo-signing revelation, other large banks came under fire for employing robo-signers as well, including 338:(D-VT). Leahy's staff said that they had received calls from “constituents” pressing for passage of the bill. But Leahy may have supported the bill after being lobbied by notaries at a September event in D.C. honoring President Calvin Coolidge. 378:
servicers to provide about $ 26 billion in relief to distressed homeowners and in direct payments to the states and federal government. This settlement amount makes the NMS the second largest civil settlement in U.S. history, only trailing the
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of record. Lawyers have contended in court that MERS has no legal right to initiate a foreclosure, because MERS does not own the loans in question. U.S. lending laws state that only the owner of a loan can initiate a foreclosure.
345:(D-PA), who was ushering through many pieces of last-minute legislation on behalf of the Democratic leadership on the final day before the Senate adjourned for recess, moved the bill from the Judiciary committee for a vote. Sen. 356:, emerged as one of the earliest critics of the bill, calling the timing of its passage “suspicious.” Brunner organized opposition to the bill, urging citizens to call and email the President and tell him not to sign the act. 1331: 286: 121:
testimony of mortgage company employees; Weidner recalled, "Tom and I were talking, and it was, 'Jesus, they're like robots!'" Weidner, a blogger, called them "robo signers" in a January 8, 2010 posting. In 2009,
130:'s Jeffrey Stephan and other robo-signers. News outlets reported that on September 14, 2010, Jeffrey Stephan testified that he had signed affidavits which he hadn't actually reviewed on behalf of 360:
senior editor John Carney called the bill “mysterious” and wrote that the bill “might bail out banks such as GMAC, JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America from their foreclosure gate troubles.”
101:, and other legal documents related to mortgage foreclosures and legal matters being created by persons without knowledge of the facts being attested to. It also includes accusations of 64:—responded by halting their foreclosure proceedings temporarily in some or all states. The foreclosure crisis caused significant investor fear in the U.S. A 2014 study published in the 564: 1335: 313:
The first version of the IRON Act (H.R. 1979), sponsored by Aderholt in 2005, passed the House of Representatives in December 2006. The same bill was later sponsored by U.S. Sen.
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initiated by large banks and other lenders. The foreclosure crisis was extensively covered by news outlets beginning in October 2010, and several large banks—including
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reached a settlement in 2014 requiring SunTrust Mortgage, Inc., to provide $ 500 million (~$ 634 million in 2023) in various forms of relief to borrowers. The
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Enforcement of legal notarizations is a state responsibility and I fully support each state attorney general vigorously prosecuting all notarization fraud.”
694: 1284: 908: 303: 1037:"Factbox: Subhead Mortgage Electronic Registration System (MERS) in foreclosure case: Residential Funding Co., L.L.C. v. Saurman, 490 Mich. 909 (2011)" 485: 419:(CFPB), together with attorneys general and state banking regulators in 49 states, and the District of Columbia obtained a Consent Judgment requiring 1447: 2255: 938: 2220: 2152: 263: 1258: 1075: 1435: 868: 560: 586: 727:"Alumnus Fights to Stem Tide of "Robo-Signer" Foreclosures: Thomas Cox ('69) filed suit in Maine that led to national foreclosure freeze" 259: 2107: 1162: 1215: 2265: 784: 978: 186: 1613: 460: 753: 2122: 1004: 511: 251: 238: 382:. The five banks were also required to comply with 305 new mortgage servicing standards. Oklahoma under then-Attorney General 302:
notarized in Alabama, came under criticism in October 2010 from homeowner advocates who said it would have made it easier for
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which would force courts to recognize out of state and electronic notarizations. The bill passed the Senate through a
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In an apparent attempt to resolve some of the issues with missing, lost, and sometimes fraudulent paperwork both the
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One out of every 248 households in the United States received a foreclosure notice in September 2012, according to
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have ruled against MERS right to file for foreclosures. MERS has however won court cases in other states such as
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wherein the notaries pre- and/or post-notarize the affidavits and signatures of so-called robo-signers.
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New York Times, Mortgage Plan Gives Billions to Homeowners, but With Exceptions, February 9, 2012
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Retrieved 20 May 2014; see also: Jason N. Houle, PhD, and Michael T. Light, PhD (17 April 2014).
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attorney Thomas Cox pointed out the wide-scale practice of robo-signing in depositions taken of
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suspended judicial and non-judicial foreclosures across the United States over the potentially
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reported that foreclosure lawyer/advocates Thomas Ice and Matthew Weidner were discussing the
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The Federal government together with state attorneys general in 49 states and the
1920: 1867: 883:"SPECIAL REPORT: Banks still robo-signing, filing doubtful foreclosure documents" 730: 291: 237:, affirming its right to initiate foreclosures in those states. For example, the 150: 139: 49: 1415: 2147: 2127: 2087: 2026: 1808: 1778: 1448:"Oklahoma is lone maverick in national mortgage settlement signed by 49 states" 444: 342: 307: 298:
in his district alleviate issues with getting courts in other states to accept
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to describe the rubber-stamp process of mass production of false and
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by simply not signing the bill, and later by issuing a more formal
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The Home Foreclosure Crisis and Rising Suicide Rates, 2005 to 2010
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The Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, known as MERS, is a
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In the fall of 2010, major U.S. lenders such as JP Morgan Chase,
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linked the foreclosure crisis to an increase in suicide rates.
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to foreclose on homeowners without proper documentation or
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United States District Court for the District of Columbia
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held out and agreed to settle with the banks separately.
1390:"Aderholt Statement On The President's Veto Of His Bill" 1416:"Joint State-Federal Mortgage Servicing Settlement FAQ" 1285:"Obama Rejects Notary Bill Amid Foreclosure 'Caution'" 1159:"Obama Rejects Notary Bill Amid Foreclosure 'Caution'" 410: 1314:"Bank foreclosure cover seen in bill at Obama's desk" 1212:"Congressman Aderholt Introduces Notary Public Bill" 613:Foreclosures Linked To Higher Suicide Rates: Study 287:Interstate Recognition of Notarizations (IRON) Act 1307: 1305: 512:"Administration Shifts Focus on Foreclosure-Gate" 441:– a desired feature of vehicles like REMICS 2212: 971:"Factbox: The role of MERS in foreclosure furor" 561:"Foreclosure crisis: home equity loan time bomb" 1311: 909:"AP Exclusive: Mortgage 'robo-signing' goes on" 486:"Will Bankers go to Jail for Foreclosure-gate?" 393: 372: 1302: 44:, refers to a widespread epidemic of improper 2153:List of housing markets by real estate prices 1506: 1358:"Obama Rejects Foreclosure Gate Bailout Bill" 367: 1002: 245: 1063:Who Really Drove the Economy Into the Ditch 1029: 587:"Investor fears grow over foreclosure mess" 80: 2193: 1513: 1499: 1076:"Obama to veto foreclosure documents bill" 964: 962: 960: 579: 266:, and wasn't publicly debated. President 239:Third District Court of Appeals in Florida 1475:"Office of Mortgage Settlement Oversight" 812:"U.S. Banks Get Boxed In on Foreclosures" 1065:(New York: Algora Publishing, 2012) 250. 535:"White house urges calm on foreclosures" 1183: 1100: 998: 996: 968: 957: 558: 461:Real estate mortgage investment conduit 14: 2256:Mortgage industry of the United States 2213: 1078:. NPR. October 7, 2010. Archived from 809: 751: 745: 687:"Niche Lawyers Spawned Housing Fracas" 684: 252:United States House of Representatives 1494: 1192:from the original on December 1, 2010 1139:from the original on October 26, 2010 1113:from the original on October 12, 2010 1017:from the original on October 19, 2010 981:from the original on October 19, 2010 822:from the original on October 12, 2010 791:from the original on October 11, 2010 782: 764:from the original on October 10, 2010 697:from the original on January 25, 2011 567:from the original on October 22, 2010 532: 34:2010 United States foreclosure crisis 2221:Great Recession in the United States 2180: 993: 840: 661: 559:LaCapra, Lauren (October 18, 2010). 417:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 352:Ohio's Secretary of State, Democrat 1312:Scot J. Paltrow (October 7, 2010). 1184:Delaney, Arthur (October 8, 2010). 1101:Delaney, Arthur (October 9, 2010). 754:"Robo-signer debate: Was it fraud?" 685:Whelan, Robbie (October 21, 2010). 411:Ocwen National Servicing Settlement 380:Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement 93:execution of mortgage assignments, 24: 2138:Undergraduate real estate programs 969:Paltrow, Scot (October 13, 2010). 628:American Journal of Public Health. 25: 2282: 1936:Investment rating for real estate 1003:Brown, Ellen (October 15, 2010). 866: 810:Reilly, David (October 9, 2010). 752:Whelan, Robie (October 7, 2010). 533:Segal, David (October 17, 2010). 85:"Robo-signing" is a term used by 67:American Journal of Public Health 2266:Urban decay in the United States 2192: 2179: 2167: 2166: 841:Bond, Andrew (October 8, 2010). 1520: 1467: 1440: 1429: 1408: 1382: 1350: 1324: 1277: 1251: 1230: 1204: 1177: 1151: 1125: 1094: 1068: 1055: 931: 915:. July 19, 2011. 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The Street. 551: 525: 503: 476: 474: 471: 470: 469: 464: 458: 452: 447: 445:Chain of title 442: 436: 429: 426: 412: 409: 395: 392: 374: 371: 369: 366: 308:chain of title 247: 244: 185:Main article: 182: 179: 147:Ally Financial 136:JPMorgan Chase 132:Ally Financial 82: 79: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2283: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2201: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1946:Mortgage loan 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894:and valuation 1890: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1878:Torrens title 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1863:Real property 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1692:Golf property 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1476: 1470: 1455: 1454: 1453:The Oklahoman 1449: 1443: 1437: 1432: 1417: 1411: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1353: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1306: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1239: 1233: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1191: 1187: 1180: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1097: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1064: 1058: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1010:YES! 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Index

Robo-signing
foreclosures
Bank of America
JP Morgan
Wells Fargo
Citigroup
American Journal of Public Health
RealtyTrac
consumer advocates
forged
satisfactions
affidavits
notary
fraud
The Wall Street Journal
deposition
Maine
GMAC
Ally Financial
JPMorgan Chase
Bank of America
Ally Financial
Bank of America
fraudulent
Boca Raton, Florida
Associated Press
Reuters
MERS
privately held company
mortgagee

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