196:, published the previous year. Audiences would be given the illusion of traveling backwards or forwards in time, of seeing in close-up or at a distance life in eras long before or after their own times. Paul wrote, "The Spectators should be given the sensation of voyaging from the last epoch to the present, or the present epoch may be supposed to have been accidentally passed and a present scene represented on the machine coming to a standstill, after which the impression of travelling forward again to the present epoch may be given, and the re-arrival notified by the representation on the screen of the place at which the exhibition is held ..." The patent was never completed and nothing came of it.
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Without prior knowledge of Paul's contributions to film, the technology company
Kinetic purchased the 44 Hatton Garden property in London in 1994, renaming it Kinetic House. In 1999, the British film industry commemorated the work of Paul by erecting a commemorative plaque on the building, an event
178:
However, the only films available were 'bootleg' copies of those produced for the Edison machines. As Edison had patented his camera (the details of which were a closely guarded secret), Paul resolved to solve this bottleneck by creating his own camera. Via a mutual friend, Henry W. Short, Paul was
208:, and the success of this venture inspired him to attempt surpassing Edison by projecting moving images onto a screen. While Paul and Birt Acres shared innovator status for creating Britain's first 35mm camera, they quickly dissolved the partnership to operate as competitors in the film camera and
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that they had purchased. He initially refused until learning that Edison had not patented the invention in
Britain. Paul purchased a Kinetoscope, reverse-engineering a model that could be manufactured in Britain. He manufactured a number of these - according to one account of his "200" but later
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However this distinction has also been claimed by Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (28 August 1841 – vanished 16 September 1890) who was a French inventor and shot the first moving pictures on paper film using a single lens camera. He has been heralded as the "Father of
Cinematography" since 1930.
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Acres would present his projector at the Royal
Photographic Society on 14 January 1896 to much acclaim. Paul would present his own, the Theatrograph, shortly after on 20 February at Finsbury Park College, ironically on the same day as the Lumière brothers first film projections in London.
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across
England helped popularize cinema among the British population. To support the many showmen interested in making films of local interest, Paul established a separate manufacturing department focused on cameras, projectors, and cinema equipment with a dedicated office and showroom.
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Continuing his innovations with portable cameras, Paul built the 'Cinematograph Camera No. 1' in April 1896, the first camera to feature reverse-cranking. This mechanism allowed for the same film footage to be exposed several times. The ability to create super-positions and
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183:, a photographic expert and much-respected photographer who was the General Manager at Elliott & Son's photographic works. Acres had been working on a machine for rapid photographic printing, so Paul applied his discoveries in producing the "
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took over the smaller but successful Robert W. Paul
Instrument Company, becoming The Cambridge and Paul Instrument Company Ltd. The name was shortened to the Cambridge Instrument Co Ltd in 1924 when it was converted to a public company.
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365:, selling them either directly or through newer new distribution companies. While Paul exited the film industry by early 1910, his importance was recognized among contemporaries through the moniker 'Daddy Paul'.
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He made narrative films as early as April 1895, which were shown first in Edison
Kinetoscope knockoffs. In 1896 he showed his films projected, at about the time the
1127:
Robert Paul and the
Origins of British Cinema (Cinema and Modernity), Ian Christie, University of Chicago Press; First edition (9 December 2019) Language: English
223:, coinciding with the Lumière brothers' projection system. After some demonstrations before scientific groups, he was asked to supply a projector and staff to the
247:(1895). Merry had previously performed his lightning-fast drawing as part of a music hall stage act. Nearby, the Lumière brothers showcased their projections at
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London on Film (Screening Spaces), Pam Hirsch (Editor), Chris O'Rourke (Editor) Palgrave
Macmillan; 1st ed. 2017 edition (28 October 2017) Language: English
611:
782:, dedicated to Paul and his work in the film industry. It remained open from 22 November 2019 to 21 February 2021 with intervening closures due to the
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187:", as named by historian John Barnes, in March 1895. It was the first camera made in England, capable of shooting film in Edison's 35mm format.
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approved a proposal by Lipton Plant
Architects to have the Light House project involving flats, a supermarket, and car park in London's
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On 24 October 1895, Paul applied for a patent for a device to evoke the effects that H. G. Wells had described in his novel
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In 1999, the British film industry erected a commemorative plaque on his building at 44 Hatton Garden, London.
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1231:"Bradford's National Media Museum's new exhibition on 'ignored' cinema pioneer Robert Paul begins"
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suburb to include an unusual shimmering void cutout as a tribute to Paul's work in early film.
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Throughout his career, Paul continued to see internationally renowned instruments like the
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In 1896, he pioneered a system of projecting motion pictures onto a screen using a double
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830:"Unipivot galvanometer - Physics Museum - the University of Queensland, Australia"
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1021:(Abridged 9th ed.). Pearson Education, inc. pp. 23–24. Archived from
993:(Abridged 9th ed.). Pearson Education, inc. pp. 23–24. Archived from
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1208:"Lipton Plant gets OK for scheme with cutaway honouring British film pioneer"
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http://waywiser.fas.harvard.edu/people/2462/robert-w-paul-instrument-company
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Paul continued to make his own films that pioneered techniques such as
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In 1898, he designed and constructed Britain's first film studio in
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The British Film Catalogue, by Denis Gifford, Routledge 2016, p 142
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Paul obtained a concession to operate a kinetoscope parlour at the
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attended by film industry actors and union members, such as Sir
885:. Maltby, Richard, 1952-. Exeter : University of Exeter Press.
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1092:"Unipivot Galvanometer | Science Museum Group Collection"
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The Forgotten Showman: How Robert Paul Invented British Cinema
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Tom Merry Lightning Cartoonist, sketching Kaiser Wilhelm II
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entitled "Animatograph! How Cinema was Born in Haringey".
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Register of Pupils at The City of London School 1880-1900
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https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/robert-w-paul
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His first notably successful scientific device was his
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Cheese Mites; or, Lilliputians in a London Restaurant
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1255:. National Science and Media Museum. 7 August 2020
1052:Tom Merry Lightning Cartoonist, sketching Bismarck
883:The beginnings of the cinema in England 1894-1901
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1145:"Kinetic House - London EC1N | Buildington"
1182:"Animatograph! How cinema was born in Haringey"
752:held a 150th anniversary exhibition curated by
920:. New York, N.Y.: Paperback Library. pp.
284:began his career using cameras built by Paul.
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439:The Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race
310:(1898) with the "first use of intertitles".
117:were pioneering projected films in France.
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239:drawing caricatures of the German Emperor
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351:Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company
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1013:Mast, Gerald; Kawin, Bruce F. (2007).
985:Mast, Gerald; Kawin, Bruce F. (2007).
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270:, the oldest known film adaptation of
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1443:The Countryman and the Cinematograph
1411:Army Life; or, How Soldiers Are Made
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1096:collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
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620:The Countryman and the Cinematograph
570:Army Life; or, How Soldiers Are Made
949:. London: Hutchinson & Company.
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500:Two A.M.; or, the Husband's Return
325:, winning gold medals at the 1904
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1206:Waite, Richard (27 August 2019).
772:National Science and Media Museum
331:Brussels International Exposition
251:. The use of his Theatrograph in
1518:People from Islington (district)
1475:Mr. Pecksniff Fetches the Doctor
712:Mr. Pecksniff Fetches the Doctor
562:Upside Down; or, the Human Flies
1291:(Who's Who of Victorian Cinema)
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1229:Blow, John (22 November 2019).
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961:"Who's Who of Victorian Cinema"
349:warfare. In December 1919, the
142:in London, and educated at the
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1017:. In Costanzo, William (ed.).
989:. In Costanzo, William (ed.).
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413:Hyde Park Bicycling Scene 1896
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1019:A Short History of the Movies
991:A Short History of the Movies
917:Science Fiction in the Cinema
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761:Barnet London Borough Council
698:An Extraordinary Cab Accident
341:instruments, including early
264:was used in Paul's 1901 film
206:Earls Court Exhibition Centre
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658:Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost
267:Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost
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1427:Krugers Dream of an Empire
881:Barnes, John (1996–1998).
634:The Haunted Curiosity Shop
583:Krugers Dream of an Empire
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1171:, retrieved Ap[ril 8 2020
1118:, retrieved April 8, 2020
1054:, Birt Acres (1895) (BFI)
1039:, Birt Acres (1895) (BFI)
804:"The Soldier's Courtship"
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720:The Unfortunate Policeman
394:The Unfortunate Policeman
345:sets and instruments for
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1467:The Voyage of the Arctic
1395:Tommy Atkins in the Park
965:www.victorian-cinema.net
947:The Saturday Book Vol.25
736:Is Spiritualism A Fraud?
705:The Voyage of the Arctic
682:The Extraordinary Waiter
666:Undressing Extraordinary
532:Tommy Atkins in the Park
1508:British cinema pioneers
1451:The Devil in the Studio
1403:Our New General Servant
1355:The Soldier's Courtship
1253:"The Forgotten Showman"
834:physicsmuseum.uq.edu.au
674:The Waif and the Wizard
627:The Devil in the Studio
546:Children in the Nursery
539:Our New General Servant
484:The Soldier's Courtship
333:. Upon the outbreak of
308:Our New General Servant
235:, featuring cartoonist
778:opened an exhibition,
770:In November 2019, the
650:An Over-Incubated Baby
476:A Sea Cave Near Lisbon
417:Filmed by Birt Acres:
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327:St. Louis World's Fair
303:British Film Catalogue
175:revised this to "60".
152:Bell Telephone Company
16:British cinema pioneer
1210:. Architects' Journal
1149:www.buildington.co.uk
914:Baxter, John (1970).
412:
391:
337:, he began producing
144:City of London School
1387:A Switchback Railway
1363:The Twins' Tea Party
1233:. The Yorkshire Post
945:Cook, Olive (1965).
759:In August 2019, the
524:A Switchback Railway
492:The Twins' Tea Party
454:Made independently:
377:Selected filmography
221:Maltese cross system
1288:Robert William Paul
1056:accessed 3 Nov 2007
1041:accessed 3 Nov 2007
750:Bruce Castle Museum
748:In April 2019, the
596:A Railway Collision
343:wireless telegraphy
280:. French filmmaker
225:Alhambra Music Hall
108:Robert William Paul
44:Robert William Paul
1347:Comic Costume Race
1339:Blackfriars Bridge
1325:Films directed by
468:Comic Costume Race
460:Blackfriars Bridge
447:Rough Sea at Dover
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262:multiple exposures
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784:COVID-19 pandemic
604:Artistic Creation
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277:A Christmas Carol
249:Empire Music Hall
241:Kaiser Wilhelm II
185:Paul-Acres Camera
138:Paul was born in
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554:The Miser's Doom
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229:Leicester Square
193:The Time Machine
148:Elliott Brothers
115:Lumière brothers
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642:The Magic Sword
589:Hindoo Jugglers
516:Come Along, Do!
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314:Extended career
306:credits Paul's
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245:Prince Bismarck
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1257:. Retrieved
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1235:. Retrieved
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335:World War I
253:music halls
243:(1895) and
171:Kinetoscope
90:Electrician
1492:Categories
1237:30 January
892:0859895645
866:23 October
790:References
233:Birt Acres
181:Birt Acres
87:Occupation
50:1869-10-03
423:The Derby
347:submarine
329:and 1910
237:Tom Merry
212:markets.
210:projector
140:Islington
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1259:7 August
901:36996858
776:Bradford
431:Footpads
397:, (1905)
339:military
320:Unipivot
122:Unipivot
1371:Robbery
1154:8 April
1101:8 April
1015:"Birth"
987:"Birth"
970:8 April
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814:8 April
508:Robbery
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167:Edison
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1156:2020
1129:ISBN
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897:OCLC
887:ISBN
868:2020
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361:and
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40:Born
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