Robert Muldoon - Knowledge

2139:, declared that Muldoon's actions were illegal as they had violated Article 1 of the Bill of Rights, which provides "that the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority...is illegal." Ultimately Muldoon, as a member of the executive branch, was acting beyond his prescribed powers, as only parliament has the power to make and unmake laws. Therefore, Muldoon's actions were not only illegal, but unconstitutional, as they violated the rule of law and the sovereignty of parliament. This is incapsulated in Sir Richard Wild's judgment, in which he stated that "The Act of Parliament in force required that those deductions and contributions must be made, yet here was the Prime Minister announcing that they need not be made. I am bound to hold that in so doing he was purporting to suspend the law without consent of Parliament. Parliament had made the law. Therefore the law could be amended or suspended only by Parliament or with the authority of Parliament." 2151: 2800:

much deeper than that. It is in the context of the statement made by a Labour Prime Minister of New Zealand in 1939: "Where Britain goes, we go." We see the Falklands as British territory and the Falklands Islanders as subjects of our Queen. We live at the end of the line and we know the feeling of isolation...With the Falklands Islands, it is family. Historically, Britain has so often on great occasions thrown up the leader that the occasion demanded. I regard Margaret Thatcher as one of the finest and straightest politicians I have ever met...In 1939 we learned the folly of appeasement. A great catastrophe was the price that was paid. The military rulers of Argentina must not be appeased. New Zealand will back Britain all the way.

3082:, became concerned that the New Zealand dollar (which had a fixed exchange-rate to the US dollar) had become significantly overvalued and was vulnerable to currency speculation on the financial markets in the event of a "significant political event". This was exacerbated by media speculation following a leak that an incoming Labour administration would be likely to significantly devalue the NZ dollar upon election. The Reserve Bank counselled Muldoon that the dollar should be devalued. Muldoon ignored the advice, owing to his belief that it would hurt poor New Zealanders in the medium term, and in June 1984 announced the snap election mentioned above which, as predicted, caused an immediate run on the dollar. 1810: 2143:

in realigning Muldoon's support from elderly voters. However, the high cost of the scheme had an immense impact on the budget; Margaret McClure determined that the scheme's superannuation was substantially higher than that of similar policies elsewhere in the world. The United States' superannuation for a married couple was effectively 49% of the average wage rate, and 40% in Australia and 38% in Britain; however, New Zealand's was set at 80%. Therefore, by 1981 the spending on this scheme had doubled, and made up 17.3% of the government's budget. This resulted in other social policy programs, particularly education, being deprived of funds during this period. Justice

2617:, that he had not broken the Gleneagles Agreement because "New Zealand and subsequently other countries made it clear that they could not subscribe to an agreement which required them to abrogate the freedoms of their sportsmen and prohibit sporting contacts". "The Tour", as it has become known, provoked massive public demonstrations and some of the worst social schisms New Zealand has ever seen. Muldoon came down firmly on the pro-Tour side, arguing that sport and politics should be kept separate. He argued that his refusal to ban the Springboks was anti-authoritarian, leaving it up to individual consciences whether to play sports with representatives of 2826: 1923: 2089: 3026:. Fraser, likely considering how Muldoon had physically attacked political demonstrators before, understood that giving him a hostile welcome would be a poor decision. Arguing that it would not look good and could likely provoke New Zealand, he agreed to move the meeting place to the back entrance. Doing so moved Fraser, other leaders and the media away from the original entrance, where that night, a bomb exploded in a bin that was being emptied, killing two rubbish collectors and a policeman. Malcolm Fraser and others theorised that the bomb was planted out the front to assassinate Indian Prime Minister 2759:: a freeze on wages and most prices (items excluded included fresh meat, frozen meat, items sold at auction and "women's fashion clothing other than standard lines"), interest rates and dividends across the country in April 1982. Against this he offered a "sweetener" of a tax cut which cost the New Zealand treasury approximately a billion New Zealand dollars. Ultimately the Wage and Price Freeze, which had been intended only to last for a year, remained in force for nearly two years and was repealed by the incoming Labour Government. Years later, Muldoon admitted that the freeze was a political mistake. 2679:, who Muldoon did not get along with, refused to co-operate. In response, Muldoon introduced his Think Big strategy, in which the government borrowed heavily to invest in large-scale industrial projects, predominantly energy-related. The projects' goals were to make New Zealand more than 60% self-sufficient in energy, and to produce 425,000 jobs. The Clyde dam, which generated electricity to be used to manufacture aluminium for export, was typical of Muldoon's efforts to shelter New Zealand from the troubles of the rest of the world. This dam was described to symbolise "fortress New Zealand". 2640: 2298: 3149:. After being defeated in the ballot Muldoon was asked whether he was going to be a thorn in McLay's side, to which he replied "More like a little prick." He refused McLay's offer of a front bench post, instead opting to return to the backbench for the first time in over two decades. However, he continued to openly agitate against McLay, refusing to withdraw into an "elder statesman" role as McLay wanted. The relationship between the two bottomed out when Muldoon criticised the entire party leadership, forcing McLay to demote him to the lowest rank in the National caucus. 7757: 681: 3334: 971: 2386: 3320: 3467: 2493: 1829: 3367: 1327: 2724: 2463:. However, his government did not participate in the US-led trade boycott against the Soviet Union because it would have hurt New Zealand's predominantly agricultural export economy. In 1980, the National government also expelled the Soviet Ambassador, Vsevolod Sofinski, for providing funding to the SUP. Despite his antagonism towards the Soviet Union and domestic Communist movements, Muldoon's government still maintained economic relations with the Soviet Union. 7582: 117: 22: 1973: 2683:

inflation, as all of the equipment and technology used was imported. As a result of increased oil prices, a decline in New Zealand's terms of trade, and less than expected returns from the Think Big projects, Muldoon was forced to borrow more money. Despite Muldoon's promise before the 1975 election to erase debt, the already high levels of debt remained. The advisability of the Think Big projects remains controversial.

2407:

being discriminatory, ineffective, and a "quick fix" that precluded necessary fundamental reform of the taxation system (as there were no income tax cuts to reflect the shift to indirect taxation). The boat and caravan levies, in particular, crippled both industries, as potential buyers could not afford the 20% tax on top of the construction costs, resulting in additional unemployment as workers were laid off.

3209:, who described himself as not a Muldoon supporter, wrote that he still served as an active MP for his Tamaki electorate, dealing immediately with matters from all walks of life. He continued to write in international economic journals, arguing that the unemployment that had arisen as a result of the free market reforms was worse than the gains that were made, a view that came to be popular by the time of the 785: 3439:". Both his physical appearance (with his distinctive facial scar) and personal style led to the nicknames "Scarface" and "Piggy" – both of which he appropriated himself. Muldoon became patron of the Black Power gang for whom he had created work schemes and advised on the better treatment of women and children associated with the gang. Members paid him solemn respect by performing a 2971:. With their ideological preferences notwithstanding, the two men did not like each other from very early on, and grew to loathe one another to an undiplomatic degree. This was likely entirely caused, and then exacerbated, by Muldoon's animosity toward Fraser. The elder statesman, Muldoon was blatantly patronising and rude to Fraser, and even 1848:(who himself died unexpectedly in December 1969) and Jack Marshall who had declined the post. Muldoon was to remain Minister of Finance for 14 of the next 17 years; at 45, he became the youngest Minister of Finance since the 1890s. At the time there was a serious economic crisis due to a down-turn in the price of wool. 2735:, a junior minister who had been demoted for his role in the Colonel's Coup of 1980, spoke out against Think Big, casting doubts on its benefits. As a result, Muldoon asked him to apologise or resign from Cabinet; Quigley chose to resign. Muldoon had also fallen out with former supporter and millionaire businessman 2875:. A journalist commented that a one-month election campaign would not give Muldoon much time to which Muldoon replied, audibly slurring his words, "It doesn't give my opponents much time to run up to an election, does it?". Six days before the election, a televised leader's debate was held between Muldoon and 2180:, dating from 1935, in the face of a changing world. Muldoon had remained National's Finance spokesman when he became party leader, and as a result became his own Minister of Finance when National won power in 1975—thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He is the last to hold both posts to date. 2995:, then a political aide, Fraser snapped and physically lost his temper during a late night policy meeting. Downer recalled in 2003 that the usually patient Fraser suddenly began jumping up and down and swearing loudly "in the hope that he would wake Sir Robert from his sleep, just for the sake of it". 2799:

We are a free and independent nation but in time of trouble we stand with our mother country...New Zealand's decision to break off diplomatic relations with Argentina over the Falklands, immediately after Britain had done so, was not because of Britain's support on the sporting issue. The reason goes

2142:

Economics correspondent Brian Gaynor has claimed that Muldoon's policy of reversing Labour's saving scheme cost him a chance to transform the New Zealand economy. The National superannuation scheme was one of Muldoon's 1975 election promises: it was described as a "generous" policy, and was effective

1851:

In response to this crisis, Muldoon introduced mini-budgets instead of annual budgets, the first being presented on 4 May 1967. He cut and held public expenditure and increased indirect taxes to reduce demand. As a result, Muldoon was credited with the better economic performance New Zealand enjoyed,

2371:

A month before the general election Muldoon remained the preferred prime minister, though his support slipped from 60% to 48% while Rowling's rose 8 points to 38%. At the election, held on 25 November, National lost three seats and it dropped 7.9 percentage points in the vote. Although the party had

2975:

him on repetitive occasions. He also made bigoted remarks towards Australians in Fraser's company, and was known to repeatedly claim that New Zealanders migrating to Australia "raised the IQ of both countries". Muldoon often boasted to Fraser about the slow and costly process of Australia importing

1310:

nearly 20 years later in 1946. This left Muldoon's mother to raise him on her own. During this time Muldoon came under the strong formative influence of his fiercely intelligent, iron-willed maternal grandmother Jerusha, a committed socialist. Though Muldoon never accepted her creed, he did develop

3386:

appeal, he shaped his reputation as a rough, tough, and thoroughly cantankerous politician through his self-determination, even at the risk of his own political longevity. He became the first prime minister to use television as a medium to gain widespread support, and eagerly used it to attack and

3237:

and took him to court. A series of court battles with the millionaire, in which each sued the other for defamation, had left Muldoon with considerable legal fees to pay. As a result of his financial desperation, he capitalised on his abrasive persona by having a short stage career, appearing in a

2812:

responded by saying that "The New Zealand Government and people have been absolutely magnificent in their support of this country, of the Falkland Islanders and of the rule of liberty and the rule of law. I shall gladly convey that to Mr. Muldoon, who, only yesterday, reminded me 'Don't forget. In

2406:

on the basis that it would penalise poor people and increase inflation due to compensatory wage increases. However, in May 1979 he attempted to increase tax revenue by levying 10% to 20% taxes on a wide range of goods, including petrol, lawnmowers, caravans and boats. The taxes were criticised for

2344:

This choice was controversial because Holyoake was a sitting Cabinet minister. Both opponents and supporters of Muldoon's government claimed that it was a political appointment; a number of National MPs, including his deputy, disagreed with the precedent of having a politician as Governor-General.

2269:

at the time. After changing his story several times, Moyle resigned from Parliament. He later said that he had not been obliged to resign, but had done so because "the whole thing just made me sick". It has been suggested that Muldoon saw him as a leadership threat and acted accordingly. In a 1990

2222:

In July 1974, Muldoon as opposition leader had promised to cut immigration and to "get tough" on law and order issues. He claimed that the Labour government's immigration policies had contributed to the economic recession and undermined the "New Zealand way of life" by causing a housing shortage.

2218:

to fill a labour shortage caused by the post–war economic boom. Consequently, the Pacific Islander population in New Zealand had grown to 45,413 by 1971, with a substantial number overstaying their visas. The economic crisis of the early 1970s led to increased crime, unemployment and other social

2682:

The Think Big projects were a major part of Muldoon's legacy. However, when presenting the idea to the public, Muldoon vastly exaggerated their benefits. Many projects had severe budget overruns of as much as ten times their expected costs. This soon worsened the balance of payments deficit and

2547:, a major upset and a blow for Muldoon's leadership. Muldoon blamed Brash and the party organisation for the defeat, but was strongly rebuked by the party for this stance. The loss of the by-election provided the catalyst for growing opposition within the National Party to Muldoon's leadership. 2443:

that was trying to subvert New Zealand and the South Pacific island states. In various speeches and press releases, he would accuse the SUP and other Communist groups of instigating strikes and organising protests against US naval visits and New Zealand's sporting contacts with South Africa.

2242:

and the ruling National Party for damaging relations with the Pacific Islander community. At the time, Pacific Islanders comprised only one third of the overstayers (who were primarily from the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa), but made up 86% of those arrested and prosecuted for

2183:

In his first term (1975–1978) Muldoon focused on reducing expenditure, but struggled with the growing cost of his own superannuation scheme, partly due to the many tax rebates and exemptions he passed for lower income earners. By March 1978 the economy was growing again, but unemployment and

2325:

as Governor-General coming to an end in 1977, a new appointee was needed. Muldoon sent a message to the Queen on 15 December 1976 putting forward former prime minister Sir Keith Holyoake as his appointee, which the Queen approved. The announcement was made by the Queen at the end of

1166:

and the political establishment, he consistently tried to centralise power under himself during his premiership. His tenure was plagued by an economic pattern of stagnation, high inflation, growing unemployment, and high external debts and borrowing. Economic policies of the

2167:

Muldoon's government inherited a number of economic and social challenges. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, New Zealand's economy had significantly declined due to several international developments: a decline in international wool prices in 1966, Britain joining the

2714:

by 150 votes, and a majority of one. Muldoon had to be persuaded not to make the Springbok Tour an issue in the election, and the National Party's campaign instead focused on Think Big. Again, Muldoon's Government received fewer votes than the opposition Labour Party.

2489:, to review the case. Adams-Smith reported 'an injustice may have been done', and Muldoon pushed through a royal pardon for Thomas. A subsequent Royal Commission of Inquiry exonerated Thomas and recommended he be paid $ 950,000 as compensation for the time he served. 2788:

to the Indian Ocean to relieve Royal Navy frigates, so that they could in their turn deploy in the conflict. New Zealand also broke off its diplomatic relations with Argentina. In defence of his support for the war, Muldoon wrote an article that was published in

3092:

After nine years, Muldoon's stewardship of the nation and its economy ceased. The newly elected neo-liberal and unexpectedly pro-free market Fourth Labour Government embarked on a series of fundamental free-market reforms known (after Labour's finance minister

2967:) had for each other. Whitlam and Kirk had both become prime minister in 1972 after a lengthy period of conservative rule, but their governments lasted just one term. Both Fraser and Muldoon became prime minister in 1975, returning right-wing governance to 2571:. Muldoon, who was overseas at the time, saw the plotters off with relative ease, especially since Talboys himself was a reluctant draftee. No other serious challenge to his leadership occurred in his years as prime minister until after the 1984 election. 2895:

It is a strong convention in New Zealand politics that a prime minister does not ask for an early election unless he or she cannot govern, or unless they need to seek the electorate's endorsement on a matter of national importance (as was the case in

2879:

where Muldoon, irritated by Lange's magnanimous closing words to him, sarcastically finished the debate by saying "I love you, Mr Lange". Muldoon was heavily defeated by Lange's resurgent Labour Party, which won 56 seats to National's 37 with massive

2663:. Economic growth in New Zealand had only just begun to recover from the 1976–78 recession when the oil shock hit. Economic pressures continued to build: Muldoon tried to control spiraling increases in wages and inflation through a trade-off with the 1882:

on a slogan of "Man For Man, The Strongest Team" – an allusion to Marshall's own low-key style, particularly compared to his deputy. Muldoon commented on Labour's election promises with "They can't promise anything because I've spent it all".

1382:. Muldoon completed his training as an accountant, sitting his final exams to become an accountant while in Italy, from Jack Marshall's tent. Muldoon then worked in a chartered accountancy firm in the United Kingdom for a year. According to 3381:

Muldoon was a polarising figure while in power, and remains one to this day. During his time in power he regularly eschewed formality, which included punching political demonstrators and stripping naked at a cocktail party. Praised for his

4466: 2690:

during the 1970s' oil crises, Muldoon supported a scheme to retrofit cars to use natural gas or a dual-fuel gas–petrol system. The 1979 budget introduced incentives for the conversions, and New Zealand emerged as the first country to make

2709:

Despite the turmoil over the Springbok Tour, Muldoon's Government won the subsequent 1981 election, held on 28 November. On the night, National won 46 seats to Labour's 44 and Social Credit's two, but a recount gave National the seat of

3458:. Both Muldoon and Trump pursued populist protectionist methods aimed at creating both full employment and self-sufficiency and promoted anti-immigration policies, while demonstrating aggressive and tactless personal behaviour. 1775:

Muldoon was appointed in 1961 to the Public Accounts Committee, which in 1962 became the Public Expenditure Committee. He was well informed on all aspects of the government, and could participate in many debates in Parliament.

5956:

Barry Gustafson. 'Muldoon, Robert David', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 2010. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6m1/muldoon-robert-david (accessed 2 April

3089:: Muldoon refused to do as the incoming government instructed, causing the currency crisis to worsen. Eventually he relented however, after his position as leader of the National party was threatened by members of his caucus. 3030:(although this was never proven) and that if he had walked down to greet Desai as he exited his vehicle at the original entry point, the bomb would likely have been triggered, exploding and killing them both. He later told 3986:

Gustafson, 2000: "refuge of so many Irishmen, and from which we have in very recent times had some quite unwelcome acquisitions whose activity among the “red guard” element in our unions has done nothing but harm to New

3156:, who had served as Minister of Labour for the latter half of Muldoon's term as prime minister. Bolger returned Muldoon to the front bench as spokesperson for Foreign Affairs, pitting him directly against Prime Minister 1255:

while still in office. Mounting legal costs encouraged Muldoon to pursue a novelty acting career, but he remained in parliament until his retirement in 1992. He died shortly thereafter; the gang Black Power performed a

1012: 102: 2841:(CER) free trade agreement with Australia to liberalise trade, which came into effect from New Year's Day 1982. The aim of total free trade between the two countries was achieved in 1990, five years ahead of schedule. 2120:

to abolish Labour's superannuation scheme without new legislation. Muldoon felt that the dissolution would be immediate, and he would later introduce a bill in parliament to retroactively make the abolition legal. The

2376:

argued National struggled at the election because of the many boundary changes and issues with the electoral roll, contrary to Muldoon's claims that the media going against National had caused the decline in support.

8948: 3039:

Despite Fraser's unwilling gratitude to Muldoon, the two men seemed to dislike each other so much by 1983 that when the time came to ratify CER, they refused to do it together. Instead, the deal was signed by the

1800:

into New Zealand. Initially there was some controversy over the design of the new coins and notes of the New Zealand dollar, but the issues were overcome in time for the new currency's introduction in July 1967.

2345:

The Leader of the Opposition, Bill Rowling complained that he had not been consulted on the appointment, and then stated that he would act to remove Holyoake as Governor-General should the Labour Party win the

1211:

divided the country and led to unprecedented civil disorder in 1981. Muldoon became more and more controversial as his premiership progressed; in addition to the controversy of the Springbok tour, he began a

3289:

On his Radio Pacific show, on 17 November 1991, Muldoon announced he would stand down from Parliament; he formally retired one month later, on 17 December. His retirement party featured taped speeches from

1903:

Many members of the party caucus regarded Marshall as not up to the task of taking on the formidable new Prime Minister Norman Kirk. Partly due to this, Marshall resigned, and Muldoon took over, becoming

3532:

lifeguards jumping into the surf from the helicopter. He was lifted out of the water and transported back to the beach slung under the helicopter using the rescue strop connected into the cargo hook.

9008: 9003: 7585: 2227:

about Polynesian migrants. Muldoon's government accelerated and increased the Kirk government's police raids against Pacific overstayers. These operations involved special police squads conducting

1821:. However, Muldoon was passed over as a new Cabinet minister following the election, with fellow Young Turks Duncan MacIntyre and Peter Gordon appointed ahead of him. Holyoake appointed Muldoon as 1912:, was published. The book was to be reprinted four times and sell 28,000 copies. Muldoon mastered television and packed public meetings with loyal supporters dubbed "Rob's Mob", who included many 2731:

Muldoon's third term was tumultuous. With a one-seat majority he faced an increasingly restless backbench who wanted the National Party to adopt a more economically liberal stance. Early in 1982

4470: 2524: 8963: 1208: 920: 2951:), the relationship Muldoon had with Malcolm Fraser was unusually poor; largely due to Muldoon, they never got along. This paralleled the mutual dislike previous left-leaning Prime Ministers 2900:). Muldoon justified the snap election because he felt Waring's revolt impeded his ability to govern. Indeed, it was obvious that Muldoon was finding it hard to pass financial measures with 8983: 3446:

Muldoon's shunning of intellectualism in favour of intimidating, raging against so-called "elites", and blatant, manipulative populism has led him to be called a forerunner to the likes of

1934:

Muldoon relished the opportunity to match up against Kirk – but had it for only a short time, until Kirk's sudden unexpected death on 31 August 1974. Kirk was replaced as prime minister by

2762:

The second recession during Muldoon's premiership hit in September 1982. New Zealand's economy contracted again by 3% and unemployment hit 5.1% by 1983, and net emigration remained high.

2555:

Following the loss of the East Coast Bays by-election, Muldoon faced an abortive attempt in October–November 1980 to oust him as leader. Known as the Colonels' Coup after its originators—

3499:

to be Muldoon after changes in government in both New Zealand and Canada in 1984, with many Canadian political cartoonists taking up on this error and referring to Mulroney as 'Muldoon'.

1871:

When Holyoake stood down in 1972, Muldoon challenged Marshall for the top job; he lost by a narrow margin, but won unanimous election as deputy leader of the National Party and hence

4381: 4278: 7616: 5137: 5002:

Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Circumstances of the Convictions of Arthur Allan Thomas for the Murders of David Harvey Crewe and Jeanette Lenore Crewe, 1980

3245:

Held at Auckland's His Majesty's Theatre (demolished soon after the production ended), Muldoon played off his novelty and starred as the narrator, starring alongside a young

1299:

At the age of five, 'Rob' Muldoon slipped while playing on the front gate, damaging his cheek and resulting in a distinctive lopsided smile that remained with him for life.

6199: 8918: 1239:, which Muldoon infamously announced while intoxicated on live television, National finally suffered a significant defeat to Labour. Shortly before leaving office, amid a 1954:, described by Muldoon as "not even a thinly disguised" attack on himself. Muldoon overwhelmed Rowling, reversing the 32–55 Labour majority to a 55–32 National majority. 3126: 3604: 2976:

New Zealand goods, claiming on one occasion that New Zealand had "screwed the Aussies again" and would always get the upper hand. Even when negotiating and agreeing to

2984:

between Australia and New Zealand ever signed up to that point, Muldoon and Fraser refused to engage directly. Their relationship reached a nadir in 1982, during the

2327: 1119:(1972). Over this time he built up an informal but solid backing amongst National's mostly rural right faction, which he called "Rob's Mob". After National lost the 3443:

during his funeral in 1992. For his acrimonious behaviour he was also dubbed a "bully", and posthumously he was said to have "run the country like a gang" himself.

2833:, meeting in 1978 in Sydney. It was an open secret that the two men did not get along, and even hated each other – largely due to Muldoon's rudeness towards Fraser. 2243:

overstaying. The Muldoon government's treatment of overstayers also damaged relations with Pacific countries like Samoa and Tonga, and generated criticism from the

8840: 3205:

Although he remained iconic to particular segments of society, particularly the elderly, Muldoon faded quickly as a force on the political scene. His biographer,

2238:

communities, church groups, employers and workers' unions, anti-racist groups, and the opposition Labour Party. The raids were also criticised by elements of the

8968: 8958: 8835: 3517:

has been named after the former prime minister. Safety work carried out between 2009 and 2012, costing NZ$ 16.5 million, included realignment to ease the corner.

2486: 4761: 2206:

overstayers which had begun in 1974. Since the 1950s, the New Zealand government had encouraged substantial emigration from several Pacific countries including

1753:

that would remain with him throughout his life even amongst those who were his supporters. Muldoon himself seemed to relish his controversial public profile.

7331: 2431:

for failing to oppose Soviet communism. Muldoon was critical of Communist influence in New Zealand's trade union movement. He also viewed the Moscow-aligned

3018:. Fraser recalled that Muldoon had demanded that Fraser change the meeting venue in the hotel from the front to the back, to avoid a group of young, female 3416:

Muldoon famously declared upon becoming prime minister that he hoped to leave New Zealand "no worse off than I found it". Historians such as Gustafson and

5000: 1950:

implied would turn New Zealand into a communist state), and undertaking to fix New Zealand's "shattered economy". Labour responded with a campaign called

8845: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 7609: 1769: 848: 843: 7971: 3850: 2500:, in November 1977. Despite an abrasive personality, the Prime Minister was known for his eccentric behaviour – including an unexplained affection for 1756:

Muldoon opposed both abortion and capital punishment. In 1961 he was one of ten National MPs to cross the floor and vote with the Opposition to remove

4414: 2916:. This has led historians to question Muldoon's excuse for calling a snap election, since he still would have had the constitutional means to govern. 8998: 3346:

Muldoon fell seriously ill almost immediately after his retirement, and died in hospital on 5 August 1992, aged 70. He is buried at Purewa Cemetery,

3007: 2580: 1354:. Muldoon was protective of his family life and, in particular, his wife. He said that people could comment about him but his family was off limits. 1339: 8973: 995: 7073: 4418: 1745:

for a group of young rebels) because of their criticism of the party's senior leadership. From his early years as an MP, Muldoon became known as

5689: 3640: 8978: 7602: 2265:

in November 1976 of having been questioned by the police on suspicion of homosexual activities a year earlier. Homosexual activity between men

2223:

During the 1975 general elections, the National Party had played a controversial electoral advertisement that was later criticised for stoking

6347: 3424:

argued Muldoon's lack of "strategic vision" denied New Zealand a careful, measured economic restructuring that paved the way for Rogernomics.

2285:, and the attention that this got him helped propel Lange to the leadership of the Labour Party and his landslide victory over Muldoon in the 3137:) to receive a knighthood while still in office; at the time he said, "If anyone thought it was a signal of an early retirement, it is not." 8923: 6297: 6270: 5404: 4373: 3101:, and which were then continued from 1990–94 by the succeeding National government's policies known as (after National's finance minister 8933: 7788: 5475: 3278:

In his later years Muldoon's health declined as he suffered from a number of ailments, and became increasingly opposed to his successor,

4285: 1338:, who he had met through the Junior Nationals. The couple had three children. Lady Muldoon, who died at age 87 in 2015, was appointed a 2231:

on the homes of overstayers throughout New Zealand. Overstayers and their families were usually deported to their countries of origin.

3152:

Muldoon continued to undermine McLay until 1986, when McLay was ousted in turn by his own deputy (and Muldoon's preferred candidate),

1784:

Muldoon displayed a flair for debate and a diligence in his backbench work. Following the re-election of Holyoake's government at the

8655: 8643: 7676: 7324: 2372:

been returned to office with a majority of seats, it had lost the popular vote to a resurgent Labour Party. National Party President

1765: 1734: 1727: 1375: 1371: 1347: 1104: 736: 189: 4444: 1855:

Muldoon established a considerable national profile rapidly; Holyoake would later credit his image, rather than that of his deputy,

8667: 8661: 8649: 8637: 8615: 8543: 7807: 3011: 2989: 2667:

leadership: a reduction in the tax rate in exchange for an agreement not to press for further rounds of wage increases, similar to

2528: 2176:. The "Muldoon Years" were to feature Muldoon's obstinate and resourceful attempts to maintain New Zealand's "cradle to the grave" 2010: 1963: 1168: 1061: 888: 836: 8387: 5719: 1840:

When Harry Lake died suddenly of a heart attack in February 1967 (only days after Muldoon had joined the Cabinet), Prime Minister

8943: 8928: 8699: 6230: 6095: 5376: 5306: 5231: 4902: 4640: 4339: 4054: 3799: 3164: 2988:

in Rotorua. Both men were staying at the same hotel, with Muldoon's room directly below Fraser's. According to future Australian

2247:. By 1979, the Muldoon government terminated the Dawn Raids, concluding that they had failed to alleviate the economic problems. 1942:, National ran on a platform of "New Zealand – The Way You Want It", a slogan Muldoon came up with himself, promising a generous 868: 6436: 3002:

in 1978. According to Fraser himself, this was because Muldoon had inadvertently prevented Fraser from being killed in the 1978

8694: 8495: 8447: 8394: 8382: 8293: 8288: 8204: 8151: 7461: 7344: 7259: 7205: 3210: 3069: 1905: 1240: 1176: 1132: 935: 863: 856: 382: 8471: 2270:

interview, Moyle said that the scandal had made him a "sadder and wiser person". The head of the prime minister's department,

8734: 8507: 8363: 8259: 8252: 8115: 7451: 6520: 6499: 6423: 6401: 5656: 4118: 3955: 3614: 3420:

criticise Muldoon because, according to them, he pursued an ultimately unsustainable line of policy. Former Cabinet Minister

1695: 8483: 5188: 3036:

in 2009: "I really believe to this day that, in a weird way, Morarji Desai and I probably owe our lives to Robert Muldoon."

8988: 8719: 8591: 8240: 7625: 7317: 7186: 6412: 4978: 2912:

voting against the Government on certain issues. However, Waring said that she would not have denied Muldoon confidence or

2451:

was an aggressive power with hegemonic ambitions in the South Pacific. Muldoon would also join the United States President

2432: 1872: 1686:. He quickly became active in the party, making two sacrificial-lamb bids for Parliament against entrenched but vulnerable 1148: 1116: 988: 331: 178: 81: 8531: 2104:, he promised to lead "a Government of the ordinary bloke". His government immediately faced problems with the economy; a 8993: 8754: 8519: 8305: 7529: 7064: 5035:"Lodge, Nevile Sidney, 1918–1989:'Say, Mr. Muldoon, how about a permanent Noo Zealand exhibit here in Fantasyland?' 1977" 3929: 3542: 3286:" after Minister of Finance Ruth Richardson), Muldoon announced his resignation to the party caucus on 10 November 1991. 3130: 3122: 2585:

Professing a belief that politics should not interfere with sport, Muldoon resisted pressure to bar the 1981 tour by the

828: 7940: 4520: 8938: 8399: 8375: 8339: 8180: 8163: 8127: 8103: 7411: 6886: 5640: 3041: 2672: 1703: 7107: 5876: 4925: 1711: 1433: 1100: 823: 680: 509: 8603: 8555: 8411: 8264: 8216: 7139: 7032: 7009: 6949: 6931: 6917: 6903: 6865: 6843: 6813: 6771: 6745: 6724: 6698: 6672: 6602: 5769: 4769: 3934: 3681: 3568: 3176: 3118: 2897: 2868: 2850: 2744: 2711: 2704: 2366: 2346: 2286: 2038: 2034: 2030: 1939: 1879: 1860: 1822: 1818: 1789: 1785: 1757: 1719: 1707: 1699: 1691: 1654: 1631: 1608: 1585: 1562: 1539: 1516: 1493: 1470: 1447: 1422: 1236: 1228: 1224: 1152: 1120: 1112: 1108: 1096: 1056:; 25 September 1921 – 5 August 1992) was a New Zealand conservative politician who served as the 31st 1016: 963: 958: 953: 948: 522: 229: 106: 64: 8567: 8228: 5039:

Lodge, Nevile Sidney, 1918–1989:'Say,... | Items | National Library of New Zealand | National Library of New Zealand

2234:

The Dawn Raids were widely condemned by various sections of New Zealand society, including the Pacific Islander and

8953: 8749: 8684: 8579: 8351: 8091: 7981: 7082: 3529: 3298:. One of the people organising the party was Bob Jones, who had forgiven Muldoon for their previous falling out. A 3022:

protestors. They had travelled especially from New Zealand for the event, to demonstrate against Muldoon's refusal

2621:. He also argued that allowing their rugby team to tour did not mean supporting apartheid, any more than playing a 2514: 2150: 7756: 7291: 6064: 3821: 3794: 1311:

under her influence a potent ambition, a consuming interest in politics, and an abiding respect for New Zealand's

8739: 8714: 8689: 8423: 8281: 8063: 7781: 6036: 2127: 2117: 981: 759: 31: 6461: 1863:. He displayed a flair for the newly introduced medium of television (broadcasts began in New Zealand in 1960). 1386:, Muldoon's 1977 autobiography, he returned to New Zealand after the war as the country's first fully qualified 7386: 6971: 6635: 6569: 6550: 6200:"'They were very similar' – Black Power gang leader's brothers talk about his dealings with Sir Robert Muldoon" 5163: 5009: 4731: 3432: 3199: 3045: 2481:

drew Muldoon's attention to the case of Arthur Allan Thomas, twice convicted for the murders of farming couple

2436: 1947: 1192: 1020: 873: 2888:

in particular. Muldoon's drunkenness when announcing the election date led to it being humorously called the "

2535:, at the time National's Vice President and later party President. National selected the economically liberal 8744: 8192: 8022: 7340: 7232: 5847: 5503: 5454: 4134: 3249:, then going by the stage name of "Russ Le Roq". He also had minor television appearances on commercials for 3074:

A final controversy occurred during the course of the election and transfer of government: during early 1984

1057: 881: 132: 5566: 2998:

Despite Muldoon's tactless behaviour, Fraser harboured gratitude for him out of his belief that Muldoon had

1809: 8709: 7686: 7524: 7366: 4422: 4256: 4138: 3760: 2739:, who made good on a threat to create his own party in protest at Muldoon's economic policies. In 1983 the 1367: 1235:

electoral system keeping him in power despite losing the popular vote in each election except 1975. At the

732: 6320: 5257: 3729: 1323:

and then the Auckland Electric Power Board as an arrears clerk. He studied accountancy by correspondence.

8886: 8881: 8724: 8704: 8271: 8086: 8037: 8006: 7716: 6763: 4893: 3514: 3079: 3003: 2774:. While New Zealand did not directly participate in the conflict, Muldoon undertook to send the frigates 2540: 2169: 1679: 1660: 1637: 1614: 1591: 1568: 1545: 1522: 1499: 1476: 1453: 1428: 1316: 915: 704: 2855:

Ultimately, the end of Muldoon's government came following a late-night clash with National backbencher

2543:

and later leader of the National Party, as its candidate. Brash lost the by-election to Social Credit's

2108:

from June 1976 to March 1978 caused New Zealand's economy to shrink 4.1% and unemployment to rise 125%.

1203:

stance and re-emphasised New Zealand's defence commitments to the United States and Australia under the

8866: 8861: 8729: 8514: 7797: 7774: 4625: 4049: 3525: 3282:. Alienated from National and disenchanted with government's new neoliberal economic policies (dubbed " 2948: 2944: 2611:

in 1976). Muldoon noted, however, that the Gleneagles Agreement had been amended and, in an article in

2482: 2266: 2020: 1683: 1670: 1647: 1624: 1601: 1578: 1555: 1532: 1509: 1486: 1463: 1440: 1232: 1065: 618: 7070: 4452: 2061: 8871: 8526: 8247: 7309: 7024: 7001: 6664: 6594: 4448: 3195: 2977: 2838: 2668: 2428: 2350: 1738: 930: 6490:

Anae, Melanie (2012). "Overstayers, Dawn Raids and the Polynesian Panthers". In Sean, Mallon (ed.).

2066: 7361: 6627: 6578: 6009: 4567:

Justice Stephen Kos "Constitutional collision: Fitzgerald v Muldoon v Wild" (2014) 13 Otago LR 243.

3417: 3255: 2964: 2805: 2775: 2278: 2228: 2193: 2100:

Muldoon was sworn in as New Zealand's 31st Prime Minister on 12 December 1975, at the age of 54. A

1946:

scheme to replace Kirk and Rowling's employer-contribution superannuation scheme (which the famous

1884: 1687: 1180: 1124: 895: 754: 6004: 5801: 5227: 2825: 2419:, Muldoon adopted an anti-Soviet stance. As a long-time National Party activist, Muldoon rejected 2274:, wrote that Muldoon had told later him outing Moyle was the thing he regretted most in his life. 1922: 6755: 3383: 3347: 3299: 3226: 3015: 2736: 2687: 2604: 2520: 2203: 1184: 608: 526: 5821: 3221:

After his tenure as prime minister, the Muldoons were heavily in debt. Muldoon was furious with

2309:(fourth from right), pictured in the conservatory at Government House Wellington in October 1978 1162:". He appointed himself Minister of Finance. Although he used populist rhetoric to rail against 7091: 6835: 6685:(2004). "Chapter 2: New Zealand in the Cold War World". In Trapeznik, Alex; Fox, Aaron (eds.). 6173: 5979: 5880: 5774: 5480: 4525: 2956: 1399: 1151:

severely weakened the Labour Party, and Muldoon soon led National to a decisive victory in the

503: 35: 6793: 6090: 4090: 4075: 8317: 7466: 3253:(when it changed its brand name in New Zealand from "National") and in the television series 3240: 3086: 2985: 2924:

Muldoon had several close relationships with foreign leaders, such as British prime minister

2860: 2456: 2116:

One of Muldoon's first actions was to issue a press release stating that he would advise the

1351: 1343: 1320: 5860:

Only one other prime minister was so honored while still in office: Keith Holyoake, in 1970.

3175:", and to his dismay – to see his own man, Bolger, take up the same baton after winning the 3109:, which marked a fundamental break with the more interventionist policies of Muldoon's era. 2297: 8913: 8908: 8435: 3428: 3163:

Muldoon remained as the MP for Tamaki until shortly before his death. He lived through the

2981: 2782: 2639: 2600: 2460: 2318: 2172:

in 1973 (which deprived New Zealand of its formerly most important export market), and the

2136: 1951: 1188: 1073: 900: 93: 7021:

Battlers Bluffers and Bully-boys: How New Zealand's Prime Ministers Have Shaped Our Nation

3956:

https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU1103/S00291/15-per-cent-of-kiwis-have-irish-ancestry.htm

46: 8: 6538: 3019: 2472: 2373: 2244: 2122: 1303: 1171:

included national superannuation, wage and price freezes, industrial incentives, and the

1143:

right-wing populism ("counterpunching", a term he coined) and the promise of a lucrative

1087:

After a troubled childhood, Muldoon served as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the

1069: 7594: 4485: 2088: 910: 7431: 7376: 6963: 6781: 6373: 5826: 5806: 2864: 2660: 2656: 2390: 2239: 1796:. While holding this office, he took responsibility for the successful introduction of 1244: 80:

This article is about the New Zealand politician. For the Jurassic Park character, see

6253: 5600: 5301: 2349:. As a result of the appointment, Holyoake resigned from Parliament, resulting in the 2147:

has also stated that the "increase, without contribution, was utterly unsustainable."

1750: 1187:

overstayers. To engage with crime, Muldoon built "unusually close relationships" with

8459: 8058: 7928: 7569: 7028: 7005: 6967: 6945: 6927: 6913: 6899: 6882: 6861: 6839: 6809: 6767: 6741: 6720: 6694: 6668: 6631: 6598: 6565: 6546: 6526: 6516: 6495: 5664: 5636: 5372: 4114: 3966: 3954:

Scoop: Culture - '15 per cent of Kiwis have Irish ancestry' (Monday, 14 March 2011).

3455: 3410: 3397: 3295: 3222: 3187:. Muldoon was a staunch critic of Richardson's and the Bolger government's policies. 3053: 2925: 2885: 2867:(giving the Opposition a victory). On 14 June 1984, a visibly drunk Muldoon called a 2809: 2740: 2608: 2338: 2155: 1136: 5544: 2695:

commonplace. However, the projected continued rise in oil prices did not transpire.

2599:-era South Africa. By allowing "the Tour", Muldoon was accused of breaking the 1977 8574: 8300: 7441: 4713: 4331: 4303: 2992: 2933: 1930:(centre left) with National members celebrating on election night, 29 November 1975 1797: 1366:

in November 1940 during the Second World War, and served in the South Pacific with

1363: 1220:

for alleged illegal homosexual activities and punched demonstrators at a protest.

1088: 1027: 5920: 5842: 4668: 3673: 8610: 8312: 8187: 7741: 7736: 7077: 6991: 6708: 6682: 6652: 6646: 6584: 6510: 6041: 5630: 4308: 4045: 3920: 3855: 3826: 3790: 3645: 3573: 3392: 3391:

language, and he refused to legalise male homosexual activity and abortion, both

3206: 3184: 3145:

Muldoon was deposed as National leader shortly after the election by his deputy,

3102: 3023: 2905: 2692: 2173: 1943: 1892: 1761: 1387: 1092: 5843:"New Zealand's prime minister denies that knighthood marks sunset of his career" 2235: 1742: 8598: 8538: 8502: 8490: 8334: 8211: 8175: 8170: 8146: 7921: 7836: 7828: 7746: 7731: 7701: 7636: 7559: 7481: 7476: 7446: 7426: 7401: 7381: 6402:

Muldoon's Corner work set to begin 31 August – Local News – Wairarapa Times-Age

6165: 4377: 3496: 3451: 3421: 3406: 3333: 3264: 3234: 3230: 3134: 3075: 3057: 3032: 2937: 2913: 2881: 2856: 2830: 2756: 2322: 2302: 2271: 2050: 1841: 1833: 1723: 1248: 1213: 1144: 297: 167: 163: 5632:

Rebalancing the Constitution: The Challenge of Government Law-making Under MMP

2427:

in the later 1960s, he also rebuked left-leaning clergymen who had criticised

2393:'s tour of New Zealand in October 1981; Muldoon is seated on the Queen's right 2144: 1741:

who entered parliament in the same year, became known as the "Young Turks" (a

970: 8902: 8562: 8550: 8466: 8358: 8199: 8073: 8014: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7966: 7953: 7909: 7874: 7844: 7821: 7766: 7726: 7671: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7564: 7539: 7491: 7456: 7421: 7396: 7371: 7284: 7179: 7169: 6983:

Frontier of Dreams: The Story of New Zealand—Into the 21st Century, 1946-2005

5668: 5400: 4252: 3492: 3480: 3466: 3291: 3272: 3246: 3190:

Muldoon also opposed the legalisation of homosexual behaviour when Labour MP

3094: 3027: 2952: 2929: 2909: 2771: 2732: 2568: 2564: 2492: 2331: 2306: 2177: 2132: 1972: 1856: 1828: 1379: 1312: 1307: 1140: 1128: 419: 301: 274: 183: 171: 6530: 3319: 3216: 2447:

As prime minister, he accepted both the American and Chinese views that the

2385: 2219:

ailments, which disproportionately involved the Pacific Islander community.

1272:

on 25 September 1921 to parents James Henry Muldoon and Amie Rusha Muldoon (

8454: 8370: 8276: 8158: 8134: 8110: 7902: 7881: 7721: 7711: 7706: 7696: 7554: 7509: 7471: 7416: 7391: 7356: 7225: 7215: 7151: 7059: 6823: 6716: 6623: 6381: 6325: 5578: 4415:"How bad is the Current Recession? Labour Market Downturns since the 1960s" 3924: 3765: 3734: 3447: 3355: 3351: 3049: 2872: 2622: 2501: 2478: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2403: 2354: 2314: 2256: 2093: 2000: 1935: 1927: 1916: 1335: 1285: 1196: 905: 749: 630: 409: 209: 153: 5034: 5033:

Lodge, Nevile Sidney; Evening Post (Wellington, N. Z. ) (1 January 1977).

2940:. These ranged from being positive to being stricken with deep animosity. 2261:

Muldoon, in Parliament, accused opposition MP and former Cabinet minister

1678:

In March 1947 Muldoon joined the newly founded Mount Albert branch of the

1199:

met with them on several occasions. In foreign policy, Muldoon adopted an

8586: 8442: 8418: 8406: 8346: 8324: 8235: 8223: 8027: 7961: 7915: 7691: 7544: 7519: 7496: 7486: 7436: 7406: 7252: 7242: 7117: 7041: 6801: 5872: 5060: 3366: 3303: 3172: 3168: 3157: 3098: 2968: 2960: 2901: 2876: 2723: 2664: 2590: 2282: 2262: 2199: 1913: 1888: 1730:. Muldoon would represent the Tamaki constituency for the next 32 years. 1326: 1217: 1200: 1081: 550: 462: 405: 221: 8949:

New Zealand Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

6225: 4897: 2567:—it aimed to replace Muldoon with his more economically liberal deputy, 8478: 8430: 8139: 8122: 8098: 7866: 7666: 7534: 7161: 7132: 7100: 6997: 5440:

Muldoon, Robert (20 May 1982). "Why we stand with our mother country".

3484: 3388: 3375: 3283: 3279: 3191: 3180: 3153: 3106: 2999: 2586: 2556: 2544: 2497: 2423:

as an "alien" collectivist philosophy. During the television programme

1793: 1715: 1252: 538: 313: 262: 7339: 1158:

Muldoon came to power promising to lead "a Government of the ordinary

116: 42: 8876: 7887: 7859: 7681: 7661: 7502: 7301: 7269: 7196: 6853: 3851:"On When National's Leaders Had A More Enlightened Approach To Gangs" 3250: 3146: 2844: 2791: 2755:

With Think Big failing to deliver on its promise, Muldoon imposed an

2634: 2618: 2613: 2595: 2560: 2536: 2420: 2105: 1845: 1293: 1172: 925: 494: 472: 374: 196: 4981:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage 3294:(commenting that at Muldoon's age, he was only getting started) and 2743:

was formed by Jones and took a significant share of the vote at the

1832:

Muldoon (centre) as Minister of Finance, 26 June 1969; with him are

8329: 7986: 7976: 7894: 7549: 6660: 6590: 3503: 3471: 2972: 2889: 2676: 2644: 2603:(to form a common policy on sporting with South Africa amongst the 2532: 2416: 2101: 1269: 722: 582: 6993:

New Zealand And The Soviet Union 1950–1991: A Brittle Relationship

4979:"Arthur Allan Thomas convicted of Crewe murders for a second time" 3478:

Muldoon was frequently lampooned in the TVNZ-produced satire show

2871:

that same year; historians noted the unfortunate coincidence with

6831: 6690: 6413:

Conquering the road that scared me « Moon over Martinborough

5723: 5302:"Balance of payments - Other perspectives on the current account" 3609: 3506:

played Sir Robert Muldoon in the made-for-television mini-series

3495:

would sometimes mistake the last name of Canadian Prime Minister

2648: 1277: 9009:

Unsuccessful candidates in the 1954 New Zealand general election

9004:

Unsuccessful candidates in the 1957 New Zealand general election

5138:"Robert Muldoon: Why My Small Country is Now Being Rent Asunder" 4467:"The legitimacy of judicial review of executive decision-making" 6713:

The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party

6348:"Opinion: The one we love to hate was our best leader in years" 6254:"The Official Information Act and Privacy: New Zealand's Story" 5601:"The Official Information Act and Privacy: New Zealand's Story" 4898:"Taxes - Gradual complication of the tax system – 1960 to 1984" 3974: 3413:, Muldoon moved swiftly to minimise publicity and protect her. 3402: 3133:. He was only the second New Zealand Prime Minister (after Sir 2750: 2321:, on whom to appoint as governor-general. With the term of Sir 2224: 2198:

Robert Muldoon continued his Labour predecessor Prime Minister

1289: 1243:, Muldoon was forced by the incoming Government to devalue the 784: 8964:

New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

5504:"Signing of CER agreement strengthens trans-Tasman trade ties" 3795:"Muldoon, Robert David: Thea Muldoon with Black Power members" 2292: 1710:

he won election as MP for the suburban Auckland electorate of

1223:

Muldoon led his party to two additional election victories in

6492:

Tangata O Le Moana: New Zealand and the People of the Pacific

6091:"Abortion - Controversy: 1974 to 1980s - Abortion conference" 5749: 5032: 4743: 4741: 3436: 3063: 2211: 2207: 1319:

from 1933 to 1936. He left school at age 15, finding work at

1204: 1163: 1159: 1127:, Muldoon used his connections to oust moderate party leader 1045: 8984:

New Zealand Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour

6828:

The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General

5567:"Here is the News – 1984 Snap Election Anouncement [ 4618: 1908:

on 9 July 1974. A day later, Muldoon's first autobiography,

1370:. He was later sent to Italy and served with the same unit ( 5083: 5081: 4876: 4874: 4837: 4835: 4636: 3521: 3440: 3127:

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

2770:

In 1982, Muldoon's government supported the British in the

2215: 2111: 1257: 6462:"Piha Surf Life Saving Club – Guardians of the Iron Sands" 6146: 5921:"Parliamentary Conscience Votes Database – Robert Muldoon" 5280: 5278: 4949: 4947: 4738: 4234: 4232: 4011: 3119:

Additional Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour

1068:. Departing from National Party convention, Muldoon was a 7624: 6620:

Pragmatism and Progress: Social Security in the Seventies

6180: 6170:

All Honourable Men: Inside the Muldoon Cabinet, 1975–1984

6110: 4959: 3217:

Financial troubles, media career, and split from National

1175:

industrial projects. He reintroduced and intensified the

1135:

in 1974. Through Muldoon's ideological blend of moderate

1033: 7083:

Archives New Zealand – Robert Muldoon Official Biography

6298:"Feisty, Protectionist Populism? New Zealand Tried That" 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5522: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5117: 5105: 5093: 5078: 4871: 4832: 4808: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4374:"Feisty, Protectionist Populism? New Zealand Tried That" 4171: 4169: 4167: 4028: 4026: 3263:(as the vampiric host 'Count Robula'); he also hosted a 2313:

As prime minister, Muldoon had the sole right to advise

1302:

When Muldoon was aged eight, his father was admitted to

1247:. In 1984, he was only the second prime minister (after 1095:, he was elected to the House of Representatives at the 6134: 5960: 5373:"Story: National Party Page 2 – Consensus and division" 5275: 4944: 4932: 4694: 4682: 4606: 4594: 4582: 4229: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3712: 3710: 3528:

club-house after the Project 40 rebuild, he joined the

3510:, depicting the end of the Muldoon National Government. 2301:

Prime Minister Muldoon (far left) and Governor-General

1103:, representing the National Party. Muldoon rose in the 6122: 5782: 5737: 5690:"Feisty, protectionist populism? New Zealand tried it" 4859: 4847: 3695: 3641:"Feisty, protectionist populism? New Zealand tried it" 3435:, and made uncouth public statements that emphasised " 2813:

New Zealand, we are still a member of the same family.

5894: 5720:"Fraser says Muldoon saved his life - in a weird way" 5421: 5352: 5340: 5321: 5207: 4820: 4796: 4784: 4540: 4217: 4205: 4193: 4181: 4164: 4152: 4023: 1718:, who had taken the former National seat in 1957. In 1390:, though there are no other sources confirming this. 1048: 5610: 4667:

Damon Fepulea'I, Rachel Jean, Tarx Morrison (2005).

4353: 4050:"Muldoon, Robert David: Family album: 1950s wedding" 3990: 3707: 2919: 1817:

The Holyoake government was again re-elected at the

1042: 1036: 8919:

Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives

6960:

Revolution:New Zealand from Fortress to Free Market

5300:McDermott, C. John; Sethi, Rishab (11 March 2010). 5258:"Revolution – 1, Fortress New Zealand | Television" 4570: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4111:

The Years Before My Death. Memories of a Comic Life

3761:"Robert Muldoon: The Grim Face of Power - Part One" 3667: 3665: 3663: 2096:

during an official visit to the United States, 1977

1859:, for the National Party's surprise victory in the 1825:and Associate Minister of Finance 3 months later. 1770:

Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977

1039: 1030: 5877:"Australian leadership becomes a toxic waste dump" 4725: 4723: 4521:"Brian Gaynor: How Muldoon threw away NZ's wealth" 2943:Despite both being from conservative parties (the 2845:Nuclear ships policy and the snap election of 1984 2415:As with other conservative governments during the 1788:, Muldoon was appointed as Under-Secretary to the 1772:when the issue also came up as a conscience vote. 1374:), as two other future National Party colleagues, 6687:Lenin's Legacy Down Under: New Zealand's Cold War 6271:"For comparisons sake, Berlusconi trumps Muldoon" 3008:Commonwealth Heads of Government Regional Meeting 2795:, entitled "Why we Stand by our Mother Country": 2581:1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand 2410: 1340:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire 1147:scheme, National enjoyed a resurgence. The early 8900: 6437:"Muldoon's $ 16m corner opens after three years" 5947:edited by Hyam Gold (1985, 1989, 1992; Auckland) 5547:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 9 July 2010 5476:"NZ and Australia: Standing together, and apart" 5189:"Legacy of 1981 Springbok tour still felt today" 4396: 3660: 3123:1977 Queen's Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours 3085:Following the election the controversy became a 2863:legislation, in which Waring told him she would 2154:Muldoon meets British Conservative Party leader 5830:(2nd supplement). 31 December 1983. p. 33. 5713: 5711: 5510:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage 4720: 4419:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment 77:Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984 8969:New Zealand military personnel of World War II 8959:People educated at Mount Albert Grammar School 7796: 5299: 5129: 3513:A corner on the Remutaka Hill Road section of 3358:, died on 24 February 2015, at the age of 87. 2508: 7782: 7610: 7325: 6223: 5810:(4th supplement). 11 June 1977. p. 7127. 5682: 4762:"Prime Ministers from Below - Robert Muldoon" 4662: 4660: 4658: 4250: 4096:, 30 December 1985; retrieved 9 January 2013. 4081:, 30 December 1992; retrieved 9 January 2013. 3634: 3632: 2859:over highly contentious Opposition-sponsored 2525:New Zealand's ambassador to the United States 2305:(third from left) with West German President 1957: 1813:Muldoon in China as Minister of Finance, 1970 1768:had introduced. In 1977 he voted against the 989: 6295: 6224:Newbold, Greg; Taonui, Rāwiri (5 May 2011). 6030: 6028: 5708: 5635:. Institute of Policy Studies. p. 237. 5539: 5537: 4512: 4284:. 20 May 2004. p. 13131. Archived from 2820: 2751:Economic recession and wage and price freeze 2455:and other Western leaders in condemning the 1891:, was swept into office, ending 12 years in 1077: 7341:Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand 5657:"Party Leader Punches New Zealand Hecklers" 3785: 3783: 3605:"US media compares Robert Muldoon to Trump" 2293:Appointment of Holyoake as Governor-General 1898: 1330:Robert Muldoon married Thea Flyger in 1951. 1288:descent; his grandfather was an Irish-born 7789: 7775: 7617: 7603: 7332: 7318: 6881:. Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed. 1974. 6740:. Wellington: Dunmore Publishing Limited. 6164: 5395: 5393: 4716:. Queer History New Zealand. 11 July 2002. 4655: 3822:"MPs rush to reveal strip club experience" 3754: 3752: 3629: 3387:insult his opponents. Muldoon openly used 3361: 3064:Foreign exchange and constitutional crises 2643:Muldoon shows a lighter side: opening the 1971: 1948:"Dancing Cossack" television advertisement 996: 982: 816: 344:9 February 1972 – 8 December 1972 115: 45:. Please do not remove this message until 7048:. Wellington: Fourth Estate Books (1978). 6754: 6738:Two Titans: Muldoon, Lange and Leadership 6735: 6707: 6681: 6651: 6186: 6140: 6116: 6025: 5966: 5755: 5534: 5528: 5284: 5123: 5111: 5099: 5087: 5058: 4953: 4892: 4880: 4841: 4814: 4555: 4486:"New Zealand and the Glorious Revolution" 4469:. New Zealand Law Society. Archived from 4329: 4238: 4044: 4017: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3789: 3701: 3427:Muldoon enjoyed engaging positively with 2380: 65:Learn how and when to remove this message 8999:New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates 6924:The New Zealand Economy: A Personal View 6424:Muldoon's Corner realignment work begins 6318: 6034: 5820: 5800: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3780: 3465: 3365: 3006:. The hotel was the venue for the first 2824: 2722: 2718: 2638: 2491: 2384: 2296: 2149: 2112:Superannuation and Fitzgerald v. Muldoon 2087: 2083: 2011:Third National Government of New Zealand 1992:12 December 1975 – 26 July 1984 1964:Third National Government of New Zealand 1921: 1866: 1827: 1808: 1325: 1263: 452:26 July 1984 – 29 November 1984 242:12 December 1975 – 26 July 1984 145:12 December 1975 – 26 July 1984 41:Relevant discussion may be found on the 8974:Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand) 6957: 6877: 6537: 6231:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6128: 6096:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6065:"When being in love was a criminal act" 6037:"25 years of gay rights in New Zealand" 5788: 5743: 5439: 5427: 5399: 5390: 5377:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5358: 5346: 5334: 5307:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5232:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5213: 5135: 4926:"Vantastic explores NZ caravan history" 4903:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 4865: 4853: 4759: 4641:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 4340:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa 4304:"Brian Easton: The State of the Nation" 4223: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4158: 4108: 4055:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 4032: 3800:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 3749: 3716: 2527:led to a by-election in Gill's seat of 2328:her tour of New Zealand on 7 March 1977 1726:back to power as Prime Minister of the 1393: 395:9 July 1974 – 12 December 1975 287:4 March 1967 – 8 December 1972 8901: 8044:Names without electorates are list MPs 7814:Names in bold served as Prime Minister 6989: 6980: 6822: 6657:His Way: A Biography of Robert Muldoon 6618: 6583: 6434: 6251: 6152: 5840: 5761: 5628: 5598: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5225: 4965: 4938: 4826: 4802: 4790: 4612: 4600: 4576: 4518: 4483: 4301: 4113:. New Zealand: Longacre. p. 172. 3730:"Revolution - 1, Fortress New Zealand" 3671: 3566: 3271:, referencing his favourite flower on 3070:1984 New Zealand constitutional crisis 3010:, a regional offshoot of the biennial 2829:Muldoon and Australian Prime Minister 2485:, Muldoon asked Robert Adams-Smith, a 2466: 2162: 1852:raising his profile among the public. 1804: 1348:Companion of the Queen's Service Order 1315:. Muldoon won a scholarship to attend 936:1984 New Zealand constitutional crisis 8979:Deputy prime ministers of New Zealand 7770: 7626:Deputy prime ministers of New Zealand 7598: 7313: 7018: 6858:Muldoon: A Study in Public Leadership 6800: 6559: 6508: 6062: 5907: 5871: 5767: 5616: 5370: 5295: 5293: 5252: 5250: 5248: 4923: 4747: 4371: 4359: 4104: 4102: 4005: 3919: 3870: 3638: 3461: 3300:by-election was held in February 1992 2435:(SUP), a break-away faction from the 2202:'s policy of arresting and deporting 1779: 1682:, the youth wing of the conservative 1416: 1413: 1306:at Point Chevalier, where he died of 1099:as the Member of Parliament (MP) for 7187:Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand 6852: 6545:. Wellington: AH & AW Reed Ltd. 6489: 6088: 5717: 4700: 4688: 4588: 3848: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 332:Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand 82:Robert Muldoon (fictional character) 15: 8924:Ministers of finance of New Zealand 7065:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography 6564:. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press. 6035:Rothwell, Kimberley (8 July 2011). 5945:New Zealand Politics in Perspective 5770:"McLay: My plan to replace Muldoon" 5459: 5455:"House of Commons PQs", 20 May 1982 5405:"The Price Freeze Regulations 1982" 4519:Gaynor, Brian (22 September 2007). 4259:. Commonwealth Oral History Project 3930:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography 3758: 3543:Electoral history of Robert Muldoon 3012:meetings of the heads of government 2531:. Muldoon's favoured candidate was 1209:Springbok rugby tour of New Zealand 1149:death of prime minister Norman Kirk 13: 8934:New Zealand National Party leaders 5571:] | Television | NZ On Screen" 5290: 5245: 5059:specified, Not (28 January 1982). 4099: 3233:in 1984; Muldoon labelled Jones a 3042:Deputy Prime Minister of Australia 2671:reached in Australia in 1983. The 2607:, signed after the boycott of the 2496:Muldoon on an incongruous trip to 2353:. He was succeeded in his seat by 1276:Browne). His father's family, the 14: 9020: 7053: 6879:The Rise and Fall of a Young Turk 6296:Cowen, Tyler (14 February 2017). 5061:"Mickey Mouse and Robert Muldoon" 4384:from the original on 1 March 2017 4372:Cowen, Tyler (14 February 2017). 4330:Langridge, Andrew (13 May 2008). 3935:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 3682:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 3639:Cowen, Tyler (14 February 2017). 3588: 3520:On 8 January 1977 when he was at 3350:, Auckland, in a plot that faces 2920:Relationship with foreign leaders 2851:1984 New Zealand general election 2705:1981 New Zealand general election 2625:team meant supporting Communism. 2574: 2550: 2367:1978 New Zealand general election 2187: 1910:The Rise and Fall of a Young Turk 1268:Robert David Muldoon was born in 7755: 7581: 7580: 6985:. Auckland: TVNZ and Scholastic. 6454: 6428: 6417: 6406: 6395: 6366: 6340: 6312: 6289: 6263: 6245: 6217: 6192: 6158: 6082: 6056: 5997: 5972: 5950: 5934: 5913: 5865: 5841:Barber, David (9 January 1984). 5834: 5814: 5794: 5768:Young, Audrey (28 August 2012). 5649: 5622: 5136:Muldoon, Robert (28 July 1981). 4760:Hensley, Gerald (14 July 2023). 3973:, p. 225. Irish Academic Press, 3524:Beach for the re-opening of the 3332: 3318: 3198:in 1985. The Bill passed as the 3183:", named after Finance Minister 2936:, and Australian Prime Minister 2765: 2698: 2515:1980 East Coast Bays by-election 2360: 2125:was then invoked in the case of 2092:Robert Muldoon and US President 1026: 969: 783: 679: 20: 7108:Member of Parliament for Tamaki 6482: 6435:Forbes, Michael (15 May 2012). 6374:"Fallout | Series | Television" 6319:MacQueen, Ken (31 March 1986). 6089:Cook, Megan (8 November 2018). 5592: 5559: 5496: 5448: 5433: 5364: 5219: 5181: 5156: 5052: 5026: 4993: 4971: 4917: 4886: 4753: 4706: 4561: 4500: 4477: 4459: 4437: 4365: 4323: 4295: 4271: 4244: 4127: 4084: 4069: 4038: 3980: 3960: 3948: 3842: 3814: 3567:Walker, Simon (5 August 1992). 2250: 2128:Fitzgerald v Muldoon and Others 1357: 639: 8944:Prime ministers of New Zealand 8929:New Zealand National Party MPs 7060:Robert David Muldoon biography 6063:Smith, Geoff (13 April 2018). 4924:Lewis, Geoff (4 August 2014). 4730:"Interview with Colin Moyle". 4302:Easton, Brian (12 July 2005). 4257:"Interview with Simon Murdoch" 3722: 3672:McLean, Gavin (15 June 2015). 3569:"Obituary: Sir Robert Muldoon" 3560: 3470:Street graffiti of Muldoon in 3078:, then Deputy Governor of the 2457:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 2437:Communist Party of New Zealand 2411:Communism and the Soviet Union 874:Dancing Cossacks advertisement 1: 8039:Current members of parliament 7233:Prime Minister of New Zealand 6926:. Auckland: Endeavour Press, 6860:. Wellington: Pacific Press. 6693:: University of Otago Press. 6560:Clark, Margaret, ed. (2004). 5980:"Muldoon, (Sir) Robert David" 5848:The Christian Science Monitor 5371:James, Colin (13 July 2012). 5008:, p. 120, archived from 4734:. 25 August 1990. p. 25. 3548: 3140: 1987:Premiership of Robert Muldoon 1722:, an electoral swing brought 1131:and take his place, becoming 1084:, aggressive, and abrasive. 1058:prime minister of New Zealand 882:Prime Minister of New Zealand 133:Prime Minister of New Zealand 7292:Leader of the National Party 6005:"Dame Thea Muldoon has died" 4628:National Party advertisement 4445:"The Constitutional Setting" 4148:– via Online Cenotaph. 4139:Auckland War Memorial Museum 3553: 3339:The plaque on the gravestone 3302:, and was won by National's 2628: 2351:Pahiatua by-election of 1977 2158:, Wellington, September 1976 1207:pact. His refusal to stop a 837:Leader of the National Party 7: 8989:New Zealand anti-communists 6764:Canterbury University Press 6321:"A ringing slap at success" 6226:"Gangs - Gangs and society" 4678:. TVNZ, Isola Publications. 4279:"Questions for Oral Answer" 3536: 3080:Reserve Bank of New Zealand 3004:Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing 2990:Minister of Foreign Affairs 2869:a snap election for 14 July 2686:Concerned about the use of 2541:Reserve Bank of New Zealand 2539:, a future Governor of the 2509:East Coast Bays by-election 2459:in 1979 and boycotting the 2397: 2170:European Economic Community 1938:shortly afterwards. In the 1372:Divisional Cavalry Regiment 1364:New Zealand Military Forces 1317:Mount Albert Grammar School 1060:, from 1975 to 1984, while 737:Divisional Cavalry Regiment 705:New Zealand Military Forces 47:conditions to do so are met 10: 9025: 8994:Burials at Purewa Cemetery 7799:New Zealand National Party 7071:Think Big policy decisions 6944:. Auckland: Reed Methuen, 3674:"Robert Muldoon Biography" 3530:Auckland Rescue Helicopter 3526:Piha Surf Life Saving Club 3370:Charicature of Muldoon in 3238:New Zealand production of 3196:Homosexual Law Reform Bill 3177:landslide election of 1990 3112: 3067: 2949:New Zealand National Party 2945:Liberal Party of Australia 2848: 2702: 2632: 2578: 2512: 2483:Harvey and Jeannette Crewe 2470: 2404:indirect consumer taxation 2402:Muldoon initially opposed 2389:Cabinet photograph during 2364: 2267:was illegal in New Zealand 2254: 2225:negative racial sentiments 2191: 2021:New Zealand National Party 1961: 1958:Prime Minister (1975–1984) 1766:Second National Government 1728:Second National Government 1684:New Zealand National Party 1183:, which racially targeted 1105:Second National Government 79: 8939:Politicians from Auckland 8854: 8763: 8677: 8630: 8082: 8051: 8036: 7939: 7806: 7753: 7632: 7578: 7352: 7298: 7289: 7281: 7276: 7266: 7257: 7249: 7239: 7230: 7222: 7212: 7203: 7193: 7184: 7176: 7166: 7158: 7148: 7137: 7129: 7124: 7114: 7105: 7097: 7090: 7076:15 September 2014 at the 7025:Random House, New Zealand 7002:Victoria University Press 6665:Auckland University Press 6595:Auckland University Press 6512:Burdon: a man of our time 4484:Palmer, Geoffrey (1976). 4449:State Services Commission 3200:Homosexual Law Reform Act 3117:Muldoon was appointed an 2980:(CER), the most sweeping 2978:Closer Economic Relations 2839:Closer Economic Relations 2821:Closer Economic Relations 2647:(agricultural centre) in 2519:Muldoon's appointment of 2429:apartheid in South Africa 2184:inflation remained high. 2076: 2056: 2044: 2026: 2016: 2006: 1996: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1887:, led by the charismatic 1664: 1641: 1618: 1595: 1572: 1549: 1526: 1503: 1480: 1457: 1432: 1410: 1407: 1191:; he personally favoured 1107:to serve successively as 931:Closer Economic Relations 889:Third National Government 770: 742: 728: 718: 710: 700: 692: 687: 675: 667: 657: 649: 624: 614: 603: 589: 565: 560: 556: 544: 532: 515: 500: 488: 478: 468: 456: 445: 435: 425: 415: 399: 388: 380: 368: 358: 348: 337: 329: 319: 307: 291: 280: 268: 256: 246: 235: 227: 215: 203: 177: 159: 149: 138: 130: 126: 114: 91: 7277:Party political offices 7260:Leader of the Opposition 7206:Leader of the Opposition 6958:Russell, Marcia (1996). 6628:University of Canterbury 5164:"Battle lines are drawn" 3309: 3259:(as Arnos Grove) and in 3256:Terry and the Gunrunners 3165:Fourth Labour Government 2965:New Zealand Labour Party 2861:nuclear-free New Zealand 2806:British House of Commons 2661:second oil shock of 1979 2194:Dawn raids (New Zealand) 1906:Leader of the Opposition 1899:Leader of the Opposition 1334:In 1951 Muldoon married 1304:Auckland Mental Hospital 1133:Leader of the Opposition 1009:Sir Robert David Muldoon 911:Bastion Point Occupation 857:Leader of the Opposition 849:1984 leadership election 844:1974 leadership election 792:This article is part of 755:Solomon Islands campaign 383:Leader of the Opposition 160:Governors‑General 8954:New Zealand accountants 8882:United–Reform Coalition 7019:Wolfe, Richard (2005). 6736:Johansson, Jon (2005). 4490:New Zealand Law Journal 4109:McPhail, David (2010). 4094:(supplement), No. 50362 4079:(supplement), No. 53154 3971:The Surnames of Ireland 3925:"Muldoon, Robert David" 3362:Public image and legacy 3306:on a reduced majority. 3269:Lilies and Other Things 3211:Fifth Labour Government 3016:Commonwealth of Nations 1944:national superannuation 1844:appointed Muldoon over 1308:parenchymatous syphilis 7092:New Zealand Parliament 6836:Otago University Press 6543:The Years of Lightning 6509:Bohan, Edmund (2004). 6252:Shroff, Marie (2005). 6174:University of Auckland 5881:The New Zealand Herald 5775:The New Zealand Herald 5599:Shroff, Marie (2005). 5481:The New Zealand Herald 5226:Franks, Peter (2000). 4928:. Fairfax New Zealand. 4526:The New Zealand Herald 4507:Fitzergerald v Muldoon 4135:"Robert David Muldoon" 3977:, 1985 (2001 reprint). 3474: 3378: 2957:Australian Labor Party 2932:, Philippine dictator 2834: 2802: 2728: 2652: 2505: 2394: 2381:Second term: 1978–1981 2310: 2159: 2097: 1931: 1837: 1814: 1401:New Zealand Parliament 1331: 1195:, and he and his wife 1091:. After a career as a 504:New Zealand Parliament 8318:Taranaki-King Country 6990:Wilson, A.C. (2004). 6981:Parker, John (2005). 5941:The New Zealand Party 5629:Malone, Ryan (2008). 3469: 3395:. However, after the 3369: 3241:The Rocky Horror Show 3131:1984 New Year Honours 3087:constitutional crisis 2986:Pacific Islands Forum 2928:, American President 2828: 2797: 2726: 2719:Third term: 1981–1984 2642: 2495: 2433:Socialist Unity Party 2388: 2347:1978 general election 2300: 2192:Further information: 2153: 2091: 2084:First term: 1975–1978 1925: 1873:Deputy Prime Minister 1867:Deputy Prime Minister 1831: 1819:1966 general election 1812: 1786:1963 general election 1352:1986 New Year Honours 1344:1993 New Year Honours 1329: 1321:Fletcher Construction 1264:Early life and family 1241:constitutional crisis 1177:previous government's 1153:1975 general election 1121:1972 general election 1117:Deputy Prime Minister 1097:1960 general election 1076:, with a distinctive 711:Years of service 599:Auckland, New Zealand 8764:Leadership elections 8631:National governments 8436:Kaipara ki Mahurangi 6912:. Wellington: Reed, 6898:. Wellington: Reed, 5508:www.nzhistory.net.nz 5228:"Knox, Walter James" 4714:"The "Moyle Affair"" 4291:on 10 February 2013. 3325:Muldoon's gravestone 3052:and the New Zealand 3024:to legalise abortion 2982:free trade agreement 2837:Muldoon initiated a 2673:Federation of Labour 2601:Gleneagles Agreement 2461:1980 Summer Olympics 2319:Queen of New Zealand 1952:Citizens for Rowling 1878:Marshall fought the 1760:for murder from the 1733:Muldoon, along with 1394:Member of Parliament 1074:economic nationalist 901:Fitzgerald v Muldoon 570:Robert David Muldoon 94:The Right Honourable 7140:Minister of Finance 6760:Memories of Muldoon 6155:, pp. 239–253. 4968:, pp. 106–129. 4703:, pp. 234–236. 4691:, pp. 230–233. 4591:, pp. 227–230. 4473:on 4 February 2010. 4455:on 16 October 2008. 4425:on 15 December 2014 3617:on 17 February 2017 3491:American President 3171:reforms, known as " 3020:reproductive rights 2473:Arthur Allan Thomas 2467:Arthur Allan Thomas 2245:South Pacific Forum 2163:Economic challenges 2123:Bill of Rights 1689 1823:Minister of Tourism 1805:Minister of Finance 1790:Minister of Finance 1404: 1362:Muldoon joined the 1292:who emigrated from 1233:first-past-the-post 1113:Minister of Finance 1109:Minister of Tourism 1070:right-wing populist 921:1981 Springbok Tour 661:James Henry Muldoon 230:Minister of Finance 34:of this article is 7982:Sir George Chapman 7125:Political offices 6964:Hodder Moa Beckett 6792:has generic name ( 6586:The Nationbuilders 6378:www.nzonscreen.com 6354:. 15 December 2007 6352:The Globe and Mail 6013:. 25 February 2015 5943:by Peter Aimer in 5875:(22 August 2018). 5827:The London Gazette 5807:The London Gazette 5758:, p. 388–389. 5696:. 14 February 2017 5663:. 26 August 1974. 5661:The New York Times 5575:www.nzonscreen.com 4509:2 NLZR 615 at 622. 3849:Campbell, Gordon. 3475: 3462:In popular culture 3409:, the 26-year-old 3393:crimes at the time 3379: 3261:The Friday Frights 3231:splitting the vote 3046:Minister for Trade 2835: 2729: 2657:Iranian Revolution 2653: 2506: 2395: 2391:Queen Elizabeth II 2311: 2303:Sir Keith Holyoake 2240:New Zealand Police 2160: 2098: 1932: 1838: 1815: 1780:Entry into Cabinet 1758:capital punishment 1714:, winning against 1398: 1332: 1284:) family, were of 1249:Sir Keith Holyoake 1245:New Zealand dollar 1237:1984 snap election 1216:against Labour MP 1169:Muldoon Government 98:Sir Robert Muldoon 8896: 8895: 8626: 8625: 8460:West Coast-Tasman 8059:Christopher Luxon 7967:Sir Alex McKenzie 7950:Sir George Wilson 7929:Christopher Luxon 7764: 7763: 7592: 7591: 7308: 7307: 7299:Succeeded by 7267:Succeeded by 7240:Succeeded by 7213:Succeeded by 7194:Succeeded by 7167:Succeeded by 7149:Succeeded by 7115:Succeeded by 6826:(November 2006). 6562:Muldoon Revisited 6522:978-1-877270-90-1 6501:978-1-877385-72-8 6494:. Te Papa Press. 5168:nzhistory.govt.nz 4941:, pp. 85–87. 4896:(11 March 2010). 4120:978-1-87746-057-9 4020:, pp. 20–21. 3967:Edward MacLysaght 3830:. 31 January 2009 3488:during the 1980s. 3456:Silvio Berlusconi 3411:Baby of the House 3398:New Zealand Truth 3356:Dame Thea Muldoon 3296:Margaret Thatcher 3223:New Zealand Party 3054:High Commissioner 2926:Margaret Thatcher 2886:New Zealand Party 2810:Margaret Thatcher 2741:New Zealand Party 2609:Montreal Olympics 2339:Lyttelton Harbour 2156:Margaret Thatcher 2081: 2080: 1676: 1675: 1137:social liberalism 1115:(1967–1972), and 1006: 1005: 943:General elections 829:Electoral history 809: 808: 774: 773: 663:Amie Rusha Browne 607:Purewa Cemetery, 580:25 September 1921 75: 74: 67: 9016: 8855:Related articles 8619: 8607: 8595: 8583: 8575:Tim van de Molen 8571: 8559: 8547: 8535: 8523: 8511: 8499: 8487: 8475: 8463: 8451: 8439: 8427: 8415: 8403: 8391: 8379: 8367: 8355: 8343: 8321: 8309: 8301:Dana Kirkpatrick 8297: 8285: 8268: 8256: 8244: 8232: 8220: 8208: 8196: 8184: 8167: 8155: 8143: 8131: 8119: 8107: 8095: 8067: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8040: 8023:Peter Goodfellow 7972:Jack Meadowcroft 7943: 7942:Party presidents 7815: 7810: 7800: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7768: 7767: 7759: 7619: 7612: 7605: 7596: 7595: 7584: 7583: 7334: 7327: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7282:Preceded by 7250:Preceded by 7223:Preceded by 7177:Preceded by 7159:Preceded by 7130:Preceded by 7098:Preceded by 7088: 7087: 7047: 7046:The Real Muldoon 7038: 7015: 6986: 6977: 6943: 6925: 6911: 6897: 6892: 6871: 6849: 6819: 6797: 6791: 6787: 6785: 6777: 6762:. Christchurch: 6751: 6730: 6709:Gustafson, Barry 6704: 6683:Gustafson, Barry 6678: 6653:Gustafson, Barry 6647:Gustafson, Barry 6641: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6575: 6556: 6534: 6515:. Hazard Press. 6505: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6466: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6432: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6032: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5958: 5954: 5948: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5545:"Robert Muldoon" 5541: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5472: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5409: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5297: 5288: 5282: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5254: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5007: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4772:on 15 March 2024 4768:. Archived from 4757: 4751: 4745: 4736: 4735: 4732:The Evening Post 4727: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4664: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4634: 4622: 4616: 4615:, p. 64-65. 4610: 4604: 4603:, p. 28–29. 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4451:. Archived from 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4421:. Archived from 4411: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4283: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4082: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4046:Gustafson, Barry 4042: 4036: 4030: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3921:Gustafson, Barry 3917: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3791:Gustafson, Barry 3787: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3669: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3613:. Archived from 3601: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3564: 3405:his youngest MP 3336: 3322: 3179:in the form of " 3014:from across the 2993:Alexander Downer 2934:Ferdinand Marcos 2816: 2688:foreign exchange 2279:1977 by-election 2204:Pacific Islander 2118:Governor-General 2047: 1990: 1988: 1975: 1968: 1967: 1798:decimal currency 1735:Duncan MacIntyre 1680:Junior Nationals 1405: 1402: 1397: 1376:Duncan MacIntyre 1336:Thea Dale Flyger 1260:at his funeral. 1179:policies of the 1089:Second World War 1055: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1023: 998: 991: 984: 973: 864:Shadow Cabinet I 805: 804: 802: 795: 787: 780: 779: 776: 775: 760:Italian campaign 688:Military service 683: 643: 641: 596: 579: 577: 561:Personal details 547: 535: 527:31 December 1991 523:26 November 1960 520: 506: 491: 481: 459: 450: 438: 428: 402: 393: 371: 361: 351: 342: 322: 310: 294: 285: 271: 259: 249: 240: 218: 206: 194: 190:Duncan MacIntyre 143: 119: 109: 89: 88: 70: 63: 59: 56: 50: 24: 23: 16: 9024: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9014: 9013: 8899: 8898: 8897: 8892: 8850: 8759: 8678:Shadow cabinets 8673: 8622: 8616:Banks Peninsula 8613: 8611:Vanessa Weenink 8601: 8589: 8577: 8565: 8553: 8544:East Coast Bays 8541: 8529: 8517: 8505: 8493: 8481: 8469: 8457: 8445: 8433: 8421: 8409: 8397: 8385: 8373: 8361: 8349: 8337: 8315: 8313:Barbara Kuriger 8303: 8291: 8279: 8262: 8250: 8238: 8226: 8214: 8202: 8190: 8188:Hamish Campbell 8178: 8161: 8149: 8137: 8125: 8113: 8101: 8089: 8078: 8061: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8032: 7962:Sir Wilfrid Sim 7941: 7935: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7765: 7760: 7751: 7628: 7623: 7593: 7588: 7574: 7348: 7338: 7304: 7295: 7287: 7272: 7263: 7255: 7245: 7236: 7228: 7218: 7209: 7199: 7190: 7182: 7172: 7164: 7154: 7145: 7143: 7135: 7120: 7111: 7103: 7078:Wayback Machine 7056: 7051: 7045: 7035: 7012: 6974: 6937: 6923: 6909: 6895: 6889: 6874:Muldoon, R. D. 6868: 6846: 6816: 6789: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6748: 6727: 6701: 6675: 6638: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6572: 6553: 6523: 6502: 6485: 6480: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6418: 6411: 6407: 6400: 6396: 6386: 6384: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6317: 6313: 6303: 6301: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6277:. 12 March 2017 6269: 6268: 6264: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6236: 6234: 6222: 6218: 6208: 6206: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6185: 6181: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6061: 6057: 6047: 6045: 6033: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5984:Purewa Cemetery 5978: 5977: 5973: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5951: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5895: 5885: 5883: 5870: 5866: 5853: 5851: 5839: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5799: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5716: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5627: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5603: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5542: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5484:. 26 March 2003 5474: 5473: 5460: 5453: 5449: 5438: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5398: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5369: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5298: 5291: 5283: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5256: 5255: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4952: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4894:Goldsmith, Paul 4891: 4887: 4879: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4766:Kahu Despatches 4758: 4754: 4746: 4739: 4729: 4728: 4721: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4643:. 1975. P192891 4632: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4501: 4482: 4478: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4413: 4412: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4328: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4300: 4296: 4288: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4255:(22 May 2015). 4249: 4245: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4107: 4100: 4089: 4085: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4004: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3918: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3803: 3788: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3759:Roberts, Neil. 3757: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3715: 3708: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3670: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3637: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3603: 3602: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3574:The Independent 3565: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3539: 3515:State Highway 2 3502:In 1995, actor 3464: 3364: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3312: 3219: 3207:Barry Gustafson 3194:introduced the 3185:Ruth Richardson 3143: 3115: 3103:Ruth Richardson 3072: 3066: 2922: 2906:Ruth Richardson 2865:cross the floor 2853: 2847: 2823: 2814: 2768: 2753: 2727:Muldoon in 1981 2721: 2707: 2701: 2659:had led to the 2651:, November 1980 2637: 2631: 2589:, the national 2583: 2577: 2553: 2529:East Coast Bays 2517: 2511: 2475: 2469: 2413: 2400: 2383: 2369: 2363: 2295: 2277:The subsequent 2259: 2253: 2196: 2190: 2174:1973 oil crisis 2165: 2114: 2086: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2064: 2045: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1966: 1960: 1901: 1869: 1836:MP and A J Shaw 1807: 1782: 1743:common nickname 1400: 1396: 1388:cost accountant 1360: 1266: 1251:) to receive a 1093:cost accountant 1029: 1025: 1011: 1002: 968: 940: 878: 853: 833: 800: 798: 797: 796: 793: 791: 766: 735: 662: 645: 642: 1951) 637: 633: 615:Political party 598: 594: 581: 575: 573: 572: 571: 545: 533: 521: 516: 507: 502: 489: 479: 457: 451: 446: 436: 426: 408: 400: 394: 389: 369: 359: 349: 343: 338: 320: 308: 300: 292: 286: 281: 269: 257: 247: 241: 236: 216: 204: 195: 192: 188: 187: 170: 166: 144: 139: 122: 121:Muldoon in 1978 110: 101: 99: 96: 85: 78: 71: 60: 54: 51: 40: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 9022: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8858: 8856: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8670:(2023–present) 8665: 8659: 8653: 8647: 8641: 8634: 8632: 8628: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8608: 8599:Catherine Wedd 8596: 8584: 8572: 8560: 8548: 8539:Erica Stanford 8536: 8524: 8512: 8503:Penny Simmonds 8500: 8491:Tom Rutherford 8488: 8476: 8464: 8452: 8440: 8428: 8416: 8404: 8392: 8380: 8368: 8356: 8344: 8335:Grant McCallum 8332: 8327: 8322: 8310: 8298: 8286: 8274: 8272:Paul Goldsmith 8269: 8257: 8245: 8233: 8221: 8212:Judith Collins 8209: 8197: 8185: 8176:Mike Butterick 8173: 8171:Gerry Brownlee 8168: 8156: 8147:Cameron Brewer 8144: 8132: 8120: 8108: 8096: 8087:Miles Anderson 8083: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8068: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8017: 8012: 8009: 8007:Geoff Thompson 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7956: 7951: 7947: 7945: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7932:(2021–present) 7925: 7922:Judith Collins 7919: 7913: 7907: 7899: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7871: 7863: 7857: 7853:Robert Muldoon 7849: 7841: 7837:Keith Holyoake 7833: 7829:Sidney Holland 7825: 7818: 7816: 7804: 7803: 7794: 7793: 7786: 7779: 7771: 7762: 7761: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7622: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7337: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7314: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7297: 7288: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7265: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7238: 7229: 7224: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7211: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7192: 7183: 7178: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7165: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7147: 7136: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7116: 7113: 7104: 7099: 7095: 7094: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7068: 7055: 7054:External links 7052: 7050: 7049: 7039: 7033: 7016: 7010: 6987: 6978: 6972: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6935: 6921: 6907: 6893: 6888:978-0589008734 6887: 6872: 6866: 6850: 6844: 6820: 6814: 6798: 6772: 6752: 6746: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6725: 6705: 6699: 6679: 6673: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6636: 6616: 6603: 6576: 6570: 6557: 6551: 6539:George Chapman 6535: 6521: 6506: 6500: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6453: 6427: 6416: 6405: 6394: 6365: 6339: 6311: 6288: 6262: 6244: 6216: 6191: 6189:, p. 426. 6187:Gustafson 2000 6179: 6166:Hugh Templeton 6157: 6145: 6141:Gustafson 2000 6133: 6121: 6119:, p. 196. 6117:Gustafson 2000 6109: 6081: 6055: 6024: 5996: 5971: 5967:Bob Jones 1997 5959: 5949: 5933: 5912: 5910:, p. 209. 5893: 5864: 5833: 5813: 5793: 5781: 5760: 5756:Gustafson 2000 5748: 5736: 5707: 5681: 5648: 5642:978-1877347207 5641: 5621: 5609: 5591: 5558: 5533: 5531:, p. 375. 5529:Gustafson 2000 5521: 5495: 5458: 5447: 5432: 5420: 5403:(April 1982). 5401:Beattie, David 5389: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5320: 5289: 5285:Johansson 2005 5274: 5244: 5218: 5206: 5195:. 30 July 2021 5180: 5155: 5128: 5126:, p. 206. 5124:Gustafson 1986 5116: 5114:, p. 204. 5112:Gustafson 1986 5104: 5102:, p. 138. 5100:Gustafson 1986 5092: 5090:, p. 137. 5088:Gustafson 1986 5077: 5051: 5025: 5015:on 9 June 2011 4992: 4970: 4958: 4954:Gustafson 2004 4943: 4931: 4916: 4885: 4883:, p. 271. 4881:Gustafson 2000 4870: 4868:, p. 182. 4858: 4856:, p. 165. 4846: 4844:, p. 259. 4842:Gustafson 2000 4831: 4829:, p. 300. 4819: 4817:, p. 208. 4815:Gustafson 2000 4807: 4805:, p. 299. 4795: 4793:, p. 298. 4783: 4752: 4737: 4719: 4705: 4693: 4681: 4654: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4569: 4560: 4556:Johansson 2005 4539: 4511: 4499: 4476: 4458: 4436: 4395: 4378:Bloomberg News 4364: 4362:, p. 207. 4352: 4322: 4294: 4270: 4253:Murdoch, Simon 4243: 4239:Gustafson 2000 4228: 4216: 4204: 4192: 4180: 4163: 4151: 4126: 4119: 4098: 4092:London Gazette 4083: 4077:London Gazette 4068: 4037: 4022: 4018:Gustafson 2000 4010: 4008:, p. 206. 3989: 3979: 3959: 3947: 3869: 3841: 3813: 3779: 3748: 3721: 3706: 3702:Gustafson 2000 3694: 3659: 3628: 3587: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3518: 3511: 3500: 3497:Brian Mulroney 3489: 3463: 3460: 3452:Tucker Carlson 3429:criminal gangs 3422:Hugh Templeton 3407:Marilyn Waring 3363: 3360: 3338: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3267:show entitled 3265:talkback radio 3218: 3215: 3142: 3139: 3135:Keith Holyoake 3114: 3111: 3076:Roderick Deane 3068:Main article: 3065: 3062: 3058:Laurie Francis 3056:to Australia, 3033:The Australian 3000:saved his life 2938:Malcolm Fraser 2921: 2918: 2884:caused by the 2882:vote splitting 2857:Marilyn Waring 2849:Main article: 2846: 2843: 2831:Malcolm Fraser 2822: 2819: 2767: 2764: 2757:incomes policy 2752: 2749: 2720: 2717: 2703:Main article: 2700: 2697: 2693:dual-fuel cars 2633:Main article: 2630: 2627: 2579:Main article: 2576: 2575:Springbok Tour 2573: 2552: 2551:Colonels' Coup 2549: 2513:Main article: 2510: 2507: 2471:Main article: 2468: 2465: 2439:, as a Soviet 2412: 2409: 2399: 2396: 2382: 2379: 2374:George Chapman 2365:Main article: 2362: 2359: 2323:Denis Blundell 2294: 2291: 2272:Gerald Hensley 2255:Main article: 2252: 2249: 2189: 2188:The Dawn Raids 2186: 2164: 2161: 2113: 2110: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2051:Denis Blundell 2048: 2042: 2041: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1962:Main article: 1959: 1956: 1900: 1897: 1895:for National. 1868: 1865: 1842:Keith Holyoake 1834:Allan McCready 1806: 1803: 1781: 1778: 1724:Keith Holyoake 1690:incumbents in 1674: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1612: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1395: 1392: 1368:37th Battalion 1359: 1356: 1265: 1262: 1214:smear campaign 1189:criminal gangs 1145:superannuation 1078:public persona 1066:National Party 1004: 1003: 1001: 1000: 993: 986: 978: 975: 974: 967: 966: 961: 956: 951: 939: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 892: 891: 877: 876: 871: 866: 852: 851: 846: 832: 831: 826: 820: 819: 811: 810: 807: 806: 801:Robert Muldoon 794:a series about 790: 788: 772: 771: 768: 767: 765: 764: 763: 762: 757: 746: 744: 740: 739: 733:37th Battalion 730: 726: 725: 720: 716: 715: 712: 708: 707: 702: 701:Branch/service 698: 697: 694: 690: 689: 685: 684: 677: 673: 672: 669: 665: 664: 659: 655: 654: 651: 647: 646: 635: 629: 628: 626: 622: 621: 616: 612: 611: 605: 601: 600: 597:(aged 70) 591: 587: 586: 569: 567: 563: 562: 558: 557: 554: 553: 548: 542: 541: 536: 530: 529: 513: 512: 501:Member of the 498: 497: 492: 486: 485: 482: 476: 475: 470: 466: 465: 460: 458:Prime Minister 454: 453: 443: 442: 439: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 417: 413: 412: 403: 401:Prime Minister 397: 396: 386: 385: 378: 377: 372: 366: 365: 362: 356: 355: 352: 350:Prime Minister 346: 345: 335: 334: 327: 326: 323: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 298:Keith Holyoake 295: 293:Prime Minister 289: 288: 278: 277: 272: 266: 265: 260: 254: 253: 250: 248:Prime Minister 244: 243: 233: 232: 225: 224: 219: 213: 212: 207: 201: 200: 181: 175: 174: 168:Keith Holyoake 164:Denis Blundell 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 136: 135: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 112: 111: 100: 97: 92: 76: 73: 72: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9021: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8872:Liberal Party 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8676: 8669: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8629: 8617: 8612: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8597: 8593: 8588: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8564: 8563:Louise Upston 8561: 8557: 8552: 8551:Sam Uffindell 8549: 8545: 8540: 8537: 8533: 8528: 8525: 8521: 8516: 8515:Scott Simpson 8513: 8509: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8496:Bay of Plenty 8492: 8489: 8485: 8480: 8477: 8473: 8468: 8467:Suze Redmayne 8465: 8461: 8456: 8453: 8449: 8448:Hamilton West 8444: 8441: 8437: 8432: 8429: 8425: 8420: 8417: 8413: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8396: 8395:Joseph Mooney 8393: 8389: 8384: 8383:Mark Mitchell 8381: 8377: 8372: 8369: 8365: 8360: 8359:David MacLeod 8357: 8353: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8319: 8314: 8311: 8307: 8302: 8299: 8295: 8294:Hamilton East 8290: 8289:Ryan Hamilton 8287: 8283: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8261: 8258: 8254: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8237: 8234: 8230: 8225: 8222: 8218: 8213: 8210: 8206: 8205:Mount Roskill 8201: 8200:Carlos Cheung 8198: 8194: 8189: 8186: 8182: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8160: 8157: 8153: 8152:Upper Harbour 8148: 8145: 8141: 8136: 8133: 8129: 8124: 8121: 8117: 8112: 8109: 8105: 8100: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8075: 8074:Nicola Willis 8072: 8070:Deputy leader 8069: 8065: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8050: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8015:Michelle Boag 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8002:Lindsay Tisch 8000: 7998: 7997:John Collinge 7995: 7993: 7992:Neville Young 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7954:Claude Weston 7952: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7938: 7931: 7930: 7926: 7923: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7910:Simon Bridges 7908: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7886: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7875:Jenny Shipley 7872: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7845:Jack Marshall 7842: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7822:Adam Hamilton 7820: 7819: 7817: 7811: 7809:Party leaders 7805: 7801: 7792: 7787: 7785: 7780: 7778: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7758: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7620: 7615: 7613: 7608: 7606: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7587: 7577: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7351: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7330: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7303: 7294: 7293: 7286: 7285:Jack Marshall 7280: 7275: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7254: 7248: 7244: 7235: 7234: 7227: 7221: 7217: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7198: 7189: 7188: 7181: 7180:Jack Marshall 7175: 7171: 7170:Roger Douglas 7163: 7157: 7153: 7142: 7141: 7134: 7128: 7123: 7119: 7110: 7109: 7102: 7096: 7093: 7089: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7034:1-86941-715-1 7030: 7026: 7022: 7017: 7013: 7011:0-86473-476-X 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6988: 6984: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6950:0-474-00220-9 6947: 6941: 6936: 6933: 6932:0-86481-105-5 6929: 6922: 6919: 6918:0-589-01385-8 6915: 6908: 6905: 6904:0-589-01087-5 6901: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6867:0-9583418-7-7 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6845:1-877372-25-0 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6815:0-670-04556-X 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6790:|author= 6783: 6775: 6773:0-908812-69-8 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6747:1-877399-01-9 6743: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6726:0-474-00177-6 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6700:1-877276-90-1 6696: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6674:1-86940-236-7 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6606: 6604:1-86940-260-X 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6579:Easton, Brian 6577: 6573: 6567: 6563: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6463: 6457: 6442: 6441:Dominion Post 6438: 6431: 6425: 6420: 6414: 6409: 6403: 6398: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6299: 6292: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6255: 6248: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6220: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6188: 6183: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6161: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6131:, p. 22. 6130: 6125: 6118: 6113: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6085: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6029: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6000: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5968: 5963: 5953: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5861: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5828: 5823: 5817: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5797: 5791:, p. 71. 5790: 5785: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5752: 5746:, p. 69. 5745: 5740: 5725: 5721: 5718:NZPA (2009). 5714: 5712: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5644: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5625: 5619:, p. 95. 5618: 5613: 5602: 5595: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5570: 5562: 5546: 5540: 5538: 5530: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5444:. p. 14. 5443: 5436: 5430:, p. 42. 5429: 5424: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5361:, p. 37. 5360: 5355: 5349:, p. 33. 5348: 5343: 5337:, p. 29. 5336: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5294: 5287:, p. 62. 5286: 5281: 5279: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5216:, p. 43. 5215: 5210: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5120: 5113: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5082: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5011: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4980: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4956:, p. 27. 4955: 4950: 4948: 4940: 4935: 4927: 4920: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4804: 4799: 4792: 4787: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4733: 4726: 4724: 4715: 4709: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4676:(documentary) 4674: 4673: 4670: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4642: 4638: 4633:(documentary) 4631: 4630: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4578: 4573: 4564: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4298: 4287: 4280: 4274: 4258: 4254: 4251:Onslow, Sue; 4247: 4241:, p. 88. 4240: 4235: 4233: 4226:, p. 84. 4225: 4220: 4214:, p. 80. 4213: 4208: 4202:, p. 65. 4201: 4196: 4190:, p. 23. 4189: 4184: 4178:, p. 19. 4177: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4161:, p. 16. 4160: 4155: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4122: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4035:, p. 25. 4034: 4029: 4027: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3983: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3817: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3753: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3719:, p. 21. 3718: 3713: 3711: 3704:, p. 36. 3703: 3698: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3633: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3559: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3493:Ronald Reagan 3490: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3468: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3401:attempted to 3400: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3335: 3321: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3292:Ronald Reagan 3287: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3273:Radio Pacific 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3247:Russell Crowe 3244: 3242: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3095:Roger Douglas 3090: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3028:Morarji Desai 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953:Gough Whitlam 2950: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2930:Ronald Reagan 2927: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2910:Derek Quigley 2907: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2832: 2827: 2818: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2772:Falklands War 2766:Falklands War 2763: 2760: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2745:1984 election 2742: 2738: 2734: 2733:Derek Quigley 2725: 2716: 2713: 2706: 2699:1981 election 2696: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2675:'s President 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2569:Brian Talboys 2566: 2565:Derek Quigley 2562: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2405: 2392: 2387: 2378: 2375: 2368: 2361:1978 election 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2307:Walter Scheel 2304: 2299: 2290: 2288: 2287:1984 election 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2185: 2181: 2179: 2178:welfare state 2175: 2171: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2133:Chief Justice 2130: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2090: 2075: 2069: → 2068: 2063: 2060:← 2055: 2052: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940:1975 election 1937: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1917:conservatives 1915: 1911: 1907: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1880:1972 election 1876: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1861:1969 election 1858: 1857:Jack Marshall 1853: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1406: 1403: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380:Jack Marshall 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313:welfare state 1309: 1305: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141:protectionist 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129:Jack Marshall 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1080:described as 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 999: 994: 992: 987: 985: 980: 979: 977: 976: 972: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 945: 944: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 890: 887: 886: 885: 884: 883: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 860: 859: 858: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 840: 839: 838: 830: 827: 825: 824:MP for Tamaki 822: 821: 818: 815: 814: 813: 812: 803: 789: 786: 782: 781: 778: 777: 769: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 751: 748: 747: 745: 741: 738: 734: 731: 727: 724: 721: 717: 713: 709: 706: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 660: 656: 652: 648: 632: 627: 623: 620: 617: 613: 610: 606: 604:Resting place 602: 593:5 August 1992 592: 588: 585:, New Zealand 584: 568: 564: 559: 555: 552: 549: 543: 540: 537: 531: 528: 524: 519: 514: 511: 505: 499: 496: 493: 487: 483: 477: 474: 471: 467: 464: 461: 455: 449: 444: 440: 434: 431:Jack Marshall 430: 424: 421: 420:Brian Talboys 418: 414: 411: 407: 404: 398: 392: 387: 384: 379: 376: 373: 367: 364:Jack Marshall 363: 357: 354:Jack Marshall 353: 347: 341: 336: 333: 328: 324: 318: 315: 312: 306: 303: 302:Jack Marshall 299: 296: 290: 284: 279: 276: 275:Roger Douglas 273: 267: 264: 261: 255: 251: 245: 239: 234: 231: 226: 223: 220: 214: 211: 208: 202: 198: 191: 185: 184:Brian Talboys 182: 180: 176: 173: 172:David Beattie 169: 165: 162: 158: 155: 152: 148: 142: 137: 134: 129: 125: 118: 113: 108: 104: 95: 90: 87: 83: 69: 66: 58: 48: 44: 38: 37: 33: 27: 18: 17: 8889:(youth wing) 8867:United Party 8862:Reform Party 8527:Stuart Smith 8508:Invercargill 8455:Maureen Pugh 8388:Whangaparāoa 8371:James Meager 8364:New Plymouth 8277:Nicola Grigg 8260:Paulo Garcia 8253:Maungakiekie 8248:Greg Fleming 8159:Simeon Brown 8135:Chris Bishop 8116:Port Waikato 8111:Andrew Bayly 7927: 7903:Bill English 7901: 7893: 7882:Bill English 7873: 7865: 7852: 7851: 7843: 7835: 7827: 7656: 7514: 7501: 7290: 7258: 7231: 7226:Bill Rowling 7216:Bill Rowling 7204: 7185: 7152:Bill Rowling 7138: 7106: 7063: 7042:Zavos, Spiro 7020: 6992: 6982: 6959: 6939: 6878: 6857: 6827: 6824:Gavin McLean 6805: 6759: 6737: 6717:Reed Methuen 6715:. Auckland: 6712: 6686: 6656: 6624:Christchurch 6619: 6608:. Retrieved 6585: 6561: 6542: 6511: 6491: 6483:Bibliography 6468:. Retrieved 6456: 6444:. Retrieved 6440: 6430: 6419: 6408: 6397: 6385:. Retrieved 6382:NZ On Screen 6377: 6368: 6356:. Retrieved 6351: 6342: 6330:. Retrieved 6324: 6314: 6302:. Retrieved 6291: 6279:. Retrieved 6274: 6265: 6247: 6235:. Retrieved 6229: 6219: 6207:. Retrieved 6203: 6194: 6182: 6169: 6160: 6148: 6143:, p. ?. 6136: 6129:Russell 1996 6124: 6112: 6100:. Retrieved 6094: 6084: 6072:. Retrieved 6068: 6058: 6046:. Retrieved 6040: 6015:. Retrieved 6008: 5999: 5987:. Retrieved 5983: 5974: 5969:, p. ?. 5962: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5924:. Retrieved 5915: 5884:. Retrieved 5873:Soper, Barry 5867: 5859: 5852:. Retrieved 5846: 5836: 5825: 5816: 5805: 5796: 5789:Russell 1996 5784: 5773: 5763: 5751: 5744:Russell 1996 5739: 5727:. Retrieved 5698:. Retrieved 5693: 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5660: 5651: 5631: 5624: 5612: 5594: 5582:. Retrieved 5579:NZ On Screen 5574: 5568: 5561: 5549:. Retrieved 5524: 5512:. Retrieved 5507: 5498: 5486:. Retrieved 5479: 5450: 5441: 5435: 5428:Russell 1996 5423: 5411:. Retrieved 5380:. Retrieved 5366: 5359:Russell 1996 5354: 5347:Russell 1996 5342: 5335:Russell 1996 5311:. Retrieved 5305: 5265:. Retrieved 5262:NZ On Screen 5261: 5235:. Retrieved 5221: 5214:Russell 1996 5209: 5197:. Retrieved 5192: 5183: 5171:. Retrieved 5167: 5158: 5146:. Retrieved 5141: 5131: 5119: 5107: 5095: 5068:. Retrieved 5064: 5054: 5042:. Retrieved 5038: 5028: 5017:, retrieved 5010:the original 5001: 4995: 4983:. Retrieved 4973: 4961: 4934: 4919: 4907:. Retrieved 4901: 4888: 4866:Chapman 1980 4861: 4854:Chapman 1980 4849: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774:. Retrieved 4770:the original 4765: 4755: 4750:, Chapter 7. 4708: 4696: 4684: 4672: 4669: 4645:. Retrieved 4629: 4626: 4620: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4579:, p. ?. 4572: 4563: 4532:22 September 4530:. Retrieved 4524: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4471:the original 4461: 4453:the original 4439: 4427:. Retrieved 4423:the original 4386:. Retrieved 4367: 4355: 4343:. Retrieved 4336:Te Papa Blog 4335: 4325: 4313:. Retrieved 4307: 4297: 4286:the original 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4246: 4224:Muldoon 1974 4219: 4212:Muldoon 1974 4207: 4200:Muldoon 1974 4195: 4188:Russell 1996 4183: 4176:Muldoon 1974 4159:Muldoon 1974 4154: 4142:. Retrieved 4129: 4110: 4091: 4086: 4076: 4071: 4059:. Retrieved 4053: 4040: 4033:Muldoon 1974 4013: 3982: 3970: 3962: 3950: 3938:. Retrieved 3928: 3860:. Retrieved 3854: 3844: 3832:. Retrieved 3825: 3816: 3804:. Retrieved 3798: 3770:. Retrieved 3766:NZ On Screen 3764: 3739:. Retrieved 3735:NZ On Screen 3733: 3724: 3717:Russell 1996 3697: 3685:. Retrieved 3677: 3650:. Retrieved 3644: 3619:. Retrieved 3615:the original 3608: 3578:. Retrieved 3572: 3562: 3507: 3479: 3448:Donald Trump 3445: 3426: 3418:Brian Easton 3415: 3396: 3380: 3372:Backbenchers 3371: 3354:. His wife, 3352:Auckland CBD 3345: 3288: 3277: 3268: 3260: 3254: 3239: 3220: 3204: 3189: 3162: 3151: 3144: 3116: 3091: 3084: 3073: 3050:Lionel Bowen 3038: 3031: 2997: 2942: 2923: 2904:rebels like 2894: 2873:Bastille Day 2854: 2836: 2803: 2798: 2790: 2784: 2777: 2769: 2761: 2754: 2730: 2708: 2685: 2681: 2654: 2623:Soviet Union 2612: 2605:Commonwealth 2594: 2584: 2554: 2518: 2502:Mickey Mouse 2479:David Yallop 2476: 2453:Jimmy Carter 2449:Soviet Union 2446: 2441:fifth column 2424: 2414: 2401: 2370: 2355:John Falloon 2343: 2333: 2332:Royal Yacht 2315:Elizabeth II 2312: 2276: 2260: 2257:Moyle Affair 2251:Moyle Affair 2233: 2221: 2197: 2182: 2166: 2141: 2137:Richard Wild 2126: 2115: 2099: 2094:Jimmy Carter 2062:Bill Rowling 2046:Appointed by 2001:Elizabeth II 1985: 1936:Bill Rowling 1933: 1928:Thea Muldoon 1926:Muldoon and 1909: 1902: 1877: 1870: 1854: 1850: 1839: 1816: 1783: 1774: 1755: 1746: 1739:Peter Gordon 1732: 1696:Mount Albert 1677: 1657:–1991 1634:–1990 1611:–1987 1588:–1984 1565:–1981 1542:–1978 1519:–1975 1496:–1972 1473:–1969 1450:–1966 1425:–1963 1383: 1361: 1358:Early career 1333: 1301: 1298: 1281: 1273: 1267: 1222: 1157: 1125:Labour Party 1086: 1008: 1007: 942: 941: 916:Carless days 906:Moyle Affair 880: 879: 855: 854: 835: 834: 799: 750:World War II 743:Battles/wars 595:(1992-08-05) 546:Succeeded by 525: – 517: 490:Succeeded by 447: 441:Bill Rowling 437:Succeeded by 410:Bill Rowling 390: 370:Succeeded by 339: 325:Bill Rowling 321:Succeeded by 282: 270:Succeeded by 237: 217:Succeeded by 210:Bill Rowling 154:Elizabeth II 140: 86: 61: 52: 30: 8914:1992 deaths 8909:1921 births 8592:North Shore 8587:Simon Watts 8443:Tama Potaka 8419:Katie Nimon 8407:Rima Nakhle 8347:Todd McClay 8325:Melissa Lee 8241:Waimakariri 8236:Matt Doocey 8224:Tim Costley 8028:Sylvia Wood 8011:John Slater 7958:Alex Gordon 7924:(2020–2021) 7916:Todd Muller 7912:(2018–2020) 7906:(2016–2018) 7898:(2006–2016) 7890:(2003–2006) 7884:(2001–2003) 7878:(1997–2001) 7870:(1986–1997) 7862:(1984–1986) 7856:(1974–1984) 7848:(1972–1974) 7840:(1957–1972) 7832:(1940–1957) 7824:(1936–1940) 7253:David Lange 7243:David Lange 7118:Clem Simich 6802:David Lange 6446:10 February 6358:29 February 6300:. Bloomberg 6153:Easton 2001 5822:"No. 49584" 5802:"No. 47237" 5551:22 November 5514:16 November 5413:20 November 5382:17 February 5313:15 November 4985:7 September 4966:Wilson 2004 4939:Wilson 2004 4909:15 November 4827:McLean 2006 4803:McLean 2006 4791:McLean 2006 4613:Parker 2005 4601:Parker 2005 4577:Easton 1981 4429:15 December 4332:"Rob's Mob" 3433:Black Power 3304:Clem Simich 3173:Rogernomics 3169:neo-liberal 3158:David Lange 3099:Rogernomics 2969:Australasia 2961:Norman Kirk 2902:neo-liberal 2892:election". 2877:David Lange 2665:trade-union 2591:rugby union 2330:, from the 2283:David Lange 2281:was won by 2263:Colin Moyle 2200:Norman Kirk 2145:Stephen Kós 2067:David Lange 1914:blue collar 1889:Norman Kirk 1762:Crimes Bill 1414:Electorate 1346:and made a 1231:, with the 1218:Colin Moyle 1201:anti-Soviet 1193:Black Power 1082:reactionary 696:New Zealand 631:Thea Flyger 551:Clem Simich 534:Preceded by 484:David Lange 480:Preceded by 463:David Lange 427:Preceded by 406:Norman Kirk 360:Preceded by 309:Preceded by 258:Preceded by 222:David Lange 205:Preceded by 193:(1981–1984) 186:(1975–1981) 8903:Categories 8887:Young Nats 8735:English II 8700:Muldoon II 8520:Coromandel 8479:Shane Reti 8472:Rangitīkei 8431:Chris Penk 8306:East Coast 8140:Hutt South 8123:Dan Bidois 8099:Carl Bates 7867:Jim Bolger 7432:Hall-Jones 7387:Waterhouse 7296:1974–1984 7237:1975–1984 7210:1974–1975 7162:Bob Tizard 7146:1975–1984 7133:Harry Lake 7112:1960–1991 7101:Bob Tizard 6998:Wellington 6973:1869584287 6854:Moon, Paul 6808:. Viking. 6756:Jones, Bob 6637:0900392282 6571:0864694652 6552:0589013467 6304:5 February 5926:2 February 5908:Wolfe 2005 5854:1 December 5617:Bohan 2004 5148:12 October 5019:15 October 4748:Lange 2005 4671:Dawn Raids 4360:Wolfe 2005 4144:4 February 4006:Wolfe 2005 3549:References 3437:blokeiness 3389:homophobic 3376:Wellington 3348:Meadowbank 3284:Ruthanasia 3280:Jim Bolger 3192:Fran Wilde 3181:Ruthanasia 3154:Jim Bolger 3141:Later life 3107:Ruthanasia 2778:Canterbury 2669:The Accord 2587:Springboks 2557:Jim Bolger 2545:Gary Knapp 2521:Frank Gill 2498:Disneyland 2229:dawn raids 1794:Harry Lake 1716:Bob Tizard 1706:). But in 1282:Ó Maoldúin 1253:knighthood 1181:Dawn Raids 896:Dawn raids 817:Early life 693:Allegiance 671:Accountant 668:Profession 609:Meadowbank 576:1921-09-25 539:Bob Tizard 314:Harry Lake 263:Bob Tizard 32:neutrality 8877:Teal Deal 8841:July 2020 8720:English I 8695:Muldoon I 8664:(2008–17) 8658:(1990–99) 8652:(1975–84) 8646:(1960–72) 8640:(1949–57) 8484:Whangārei 8400:Southland 8376:Rangitata 8340:Northland 8181:Wairarapa 8164:Pakuranga 8128:Northcote 8104:Whanganui 8019:Judy Kirk 7888:Don Brash 7860:Jim McLay 7737:Robertson 7677:MacIntyre 7442:Mackenzie 7302:Jim McLay 7270:Jim McLay 7197:Hugh Watt 7144:1967–1972 7062:from the 6782:cite book 6470:4 October 6326:Maclean's 5886:22 August 5669:0362-4331 5442:The Times 5199:19 August 5142:The Times 5065:DigitalNZ 4701:Anae 2012 4689:Anae 2012 4647:14 August 4589:Anae 2012 4263:14 August 4061:14 August 3987:Zealand’" 3940:14 August 3678:NZHistory 3554:Citations 3251:Panasonic 3227:Bob Jones 3213:in 1999. 3202:in 1986. 3147:Jim McLay 2792:The Times 2737:Bob Jones 2635:Think Big 2629:Think Big 2619:apartheid 2614:The Times 2596:apartheid 2593:squad of 2561:Jim McLay 2537:Don Brash 2421:Communism 2334:Britannia 2106:recession 1846:Tom Shand 1764:that the 1704:Waitemata 1294:Liverpool 1173:Think Big 926:Think Big 714:1940–1946 676:Signature 658:Parent(s) 518:In office 495:Jim McLay 473:Jim McLay 448:In office 391:In office 381:21st 375:Hugh Watt 340:In office 283:In office 238:In office 228:32nd 197:Jim McLay 141:In office 131:31st 43:talk page 8836:May 2020 8690:Marshall 8685:Holyoake 8604:Tukituki 8556:Tauranga 8532:Kaikōura 8412:Takanini 8330:Nancy Lu 8265:New Lynn 8217:Papakura 7987:Sue Wood 7977:Ned Holt 7895:John Key 7742:Sepuloni 7712:Anderton 7697:McKinnon 7652:Marshall 7642:Marshall 7637:Holyoake 7586:Category 7505:(acting) 7492:Marshall 7482:Holyoake 7422:Ballance 7402:Atkinson 7377:Whitaker 7367:Stafford 7074:Archived 6856:(1999). 6804:(2005). 6758:(1997). 6711:(1986). 6661:Auckland 6655:(2000). 6630:. 1981. 6597:. 2001. 6591:Auckland 6541:(1980). 6531:62718931 6275:Newsroom 4776:15 March 4382:Archived 4048:(2010). 3793:(2010). 3537:See also 3504:Ian Mune 3472:Auckland 3431:such as 3384:populist 3225:founder 3125:, and a 2947:and the 2890:schnapps 2712:Gisborne 2677:Jim Knox 2645:Agrodome 2533:Sue Wood 2417:Cold War 2398:Taxation 2102:populist 2027:Election 1671:National 1648:National 1625:National 1602:National 1579:National 1556:National 1533:National 1510:National 1487:National 1464:National 1441:National 1280:(Irish: 1270:Auckland 1185:Pasifika 1111:(1967), 723:Sergeant 650:Children 619:National 583:Auckland 330:4th 55:May 2024 36:disputed 8750:Collins 8740:Bridges 8715:Shipley 8580:Waikato 8352:Rotorua 8092:Waitaki 7727:Bennett 7722:English 7672:Talboys 7657:Muldoon 7647:Skinner 7565:Hipkins 7555:English 7540:Shipley 7515:Muldoon 7510:Rowling 7477:Holland 6952:(1986). 6938:Number 6934:(1985). 6920:(1981). 6906:(1977). 6896:Muldoon 6832:Dunedin 6806:My Life 6691:Dunedin 6387:12 June 6281:24 July 6237:24 July 6209:24 July 6102:20 June 6074:20 June 6048:20 June 6017:5 March 5989:5 March 5724:Newshub 5700:24 July 5584:15 June 5237:7 April 5173:24 July 5070:20 June 5044:20 June 4388:18 June 4345:3 March 3862:20 June 3834:20 June 3806:20 June 3772:20 June 3687:24 July 3652:24 July 3621:20 June 3610:Newshub 3580:24 July 3508:Fallout 3481:McPhail 3374:bar in 3235:spoiler 3129:in the 3121:in the 3113:Honours 2973:bullied 2804:In the 2785:Waikato 2649:Rotorua 2425:Gallery 2007:Cabinet 1997:Monarch 1751:epithet 1665:Tamaki 1642:Tamaki 1619:Tamaki 1596:Tamaki 1573:Tamaki 1550:Tamaki 1527:Tamaki 1504:Tamaki 1481:Tamaki 1458:Tamaki 1384:Muldoon 1350:in the 1342:in the 1290:Scouser 1278:Muldoon 1123:to the 1064:of the 644: 636: 252:Himself 150:Monarch 8745:Muller 8710:Bolger 8656:Fourth 8644:Second 8424:Napier 8282:Selwyn 8064:Botany 8055:Leader 7918:(2020) 7747:Peters 7732:Peters 7717:Cullen 7707:Creech 7702:Peters 7687:Palmer 7667:Tizard 7560:Ardern 7535:Bolger 7525:Palmer 7472:Fraser 7467:Savage 7462:Forbes 7457:Coates 7447:Massey 7427:Seddon 7397:Pollen 7372:Domett 7357:Sewell 7031: 7008: 6970: 6948: 6930: 6916: 6910:My Way 6902: 6885: 6864: 6842: 6812: 6770: 6744: 6723: 6697: 6671: 6634: 6610:2 June 6601: 6568: 6549: 6529: 6519: 6498: 6332:1 July 5729:2 July 5674:2 July 5667: 5639: 5488:2 July 5267:24 May 4315:31 May 4117: 3975:Dublin 3741:1 July 3485:Gadsby 3483:& 2959:) and 2914:supply 2783:HMNZS 2776:HMNZS 2477:After 2214:, and 2135:, Sir 2131:, The 1885:Labour 1749:; the 1712:Tamaki 1698:) and 1688:Labour 1434:Tamaki 1417:Party 1408:Years 1164:elites 1101:Tamaki 1062:leader 625:Spouse 510:Tamaki 469:Deputy 416:Deputy 199:(1984) 179:Deputy 8755:Luxon 8725:Brash 8705:McLay 8668:Sixth 8662:Fifth 8650:Third 8638:First 8568:Taupō 8229:Ōtaki 7692:Clark 7682:McLay 7570:Luxon 7545:Clark 7530:Moore 7520:Lange 7417:Stout 7392:Vogel 7264:1984 7191:1972 6465:(PDF) 6257:(PDF) 6069:Stuff 6042:Stuff 5957:2024) 5694:Stuff 5604:(PDF) 5408:(PDF) 5193:Stuff 5013:(PDF) 5006:(PDF) 4309:Scoop 4289:(PDF) 4282:(PDF) 3856:Scoop 3827:Stuff 3646:Stuff 3310:Death 3105:) as 3097:) as 2236:Māori 2212:Tonga 2208:Samoa 2017:Party 1893:power 1747:Piggy 1411:Term 1286:Irish 1205:ANZUS 1160:bloke 1019: 1015: 638:( 634: 105: 8846:2021 8831:2018 8826:2016 8821:2006 8816:2003 8811:2001 8806:1997 8801:1986 8796:1984 8791:1974 8786:1972 8781:1957 8776:1940 8771:1936 8193:Ilam 7662:Watt 7503:Watt 7497:Kirk 7487:Nash 7452:Bell 7437:Ward 7412:Hall 7407:Grey 7382:Weld 7345:list 7029:ISBN 7006:ISBN 6968:ISBN 6946:ISBN 6928:ISBN 6914:ISBN 6900:ISBN 6883:ISBN 6862:ISBN 6840:ISBN 6810:ISBN 6794:help 6768:ISBN 6742:ISBN 6721:ISBN 6695:ISBN 6669:ISBN 6632:ISBN 6612:2013 6599:ISBN 6566:ISBN 6547:ISBN 6527:OCLC 6517:ISBN 6496:ISBN 6472:2013 6448:2013 6389:2021 6360:2024 6334:2020 6306:2018 6283:2021 6239:2021 6211:2021 6204:TVNZ 6104:2022 6076:2022 6050:2022 6019:2022 5991:2022 5928:2015 5888:2018 5856:2018 5731:2022 5702:2021 5676:2022 5665:ISSN 5637:ISBN 5586:2021 5553:2010 5516:2016 5490:2022 5415:2019 5384:2015 5315:2016 5269:2018 5239:2015 5201:2021 5175:2021 5150:2009 5144:. UK 5072:2022 5046:2022 5021:2010 4987:2014 4911:2016 4778:2024 4649:2022 4637:TVNZ 4534:2007 4431:2014 4390:2017 4347:2022 4317:2013 4265:2022 4146:2021 4115:ISBN 4063:2022 3942:2022 3864:2022 3836:2022 3808:2022 3774:2022 3743:2022 3689:2021 3654:2021 3623:2022 3582:2021 3522:Piha 3454:and 3441:haka 3229:for 3044:and 2908:and 2898:1951 2781:and 2655:The 2563:and 2216:Fiji 2039:1981 2035:1978 2031:1975 1737:and 1720:1960 1708:1960 1700:1957 1692:1954 1661:43rd 1655:1990 1638:42nd 1632:1987 1615:41st 1609:1984 1592:40th 1586:1981 1569:39th 1563:1978 1546:38th 1540:1975 1523:37th 1517:1972 1500:36th 1494:1969 1477:35th 1471:1966 1454:34th 1448:1963 1429:33rd 1423:1960 1378:and 1258:haka 1229:1981 1227:and 1225:1978 1197:Thea 1139:and 1072:and 1013:GCMG 964:1984 959:1981 954:1978 949:1975 729:Unit 719:Rank 590:Died 566:Born 508:for 103:GCMG 29:The 8730:Key 7550:Key 7362:Fox 6010:NBR 5569:sic 3403:out 3167:'s 3060:. 2523:as 2337:in 1274:née 8905:: 7044:. 7027:. 7023:. 7004:. 7000:: 6996:. 6966:. 6962:. 6838:. 6834:: 6830:. 6786:: 6784:}} 6780:{{ 6766:. 6719:. 6689:. 6667:. 6663:: 6659:. 6626:: 6622:. 6593:: 6589:. 6525:. 6439:. 6380:. 6376:. 6350:. 6323:. 6273:. 6228:. 6202:. 6172:. 6168:. 6093:. 6067:. 6039:. 6027:^ 6007:. 5982:. 5896:^ 5879:. 5858:. 5845:. 5824:. 5804:. 5772:. 5722:. 5710:^ 5692:. 5659:. 5577:. 5573:. 5536:^ 5506:. 5478:. 5461:^ 5392:^ 5375:. 5323:^ 5304:. 5292:^ 5277:^ 5260:. 5247:^ 5230:. 5191:. 5166:. 5140:. 5080:^ 5063:. 5037:. 4946:^ 4900:. 4873:^ 4834:^ 4764:. 4740:^ 4722:^ 4657:^ 4639:, 4635:. 4542:^ 4523:. 4494:12 4492:. 4488:. 4447:. 4417:. 4398:^ 4380:. 4376:. 4338:. 4334:. 4306:. 4231:^ 4166:^ 4137:. 4101:^ 4052:. 4025:^ 3992:^ 3969:, 3933:. 3927:. 3923:. 3872:^ 3853:. 3824:. 3797:. 3782:^ 3763:. 3751:^ 3732:. 3709:^ 3680:. 3676:. 3662:^ 3643:. 3631:^ 3607:. 3590:^ 3571:. 3450:, 3275:. 3160:. 3048:, 2817:" 2808:, 2747:. 2559:, 2487:QC 2357:. 2341:. 2317:, 2289:. 2210:, 2037:, 2033:, 1919:. 1875:. 1792:, 1296:. 1155:. 1046:uː 1021:PC 1017:CH 869:II 640:m. 107:CH 8618:) 8614:( 8606:) 8602:( 8594:) 8590:( 8582:) 8578:( 8570:) 8566:( 8558:) 8554:( 8546:) 8542:( 8534:) 8530:( 8522:) 8518:( 8510:) 8506:( 8498:) 8494:( 8486:) 8482:( 8474:) 8470:( 8462:) 8458:( 8450:) 8446:( 8438:) 8434:( 8426:) 8422:( 8414:) 8410:( 8402:) 8398:( 8390:) 8386:( 8378:) 8374:( 8366:) 8362:( 8354:) 8350:( 8342:) 8338:( 8320:) 8316:( 8308:) 8304:( 8296:) 8292:( 8284:) 8280:( 8267:) 8263:( 8255:) 8251:( 8243:) 8239:( 8231:) 8227:( 8219:) 8215:( 8207:) 8203:( 8195:) 8191:( 8183:) 8179:( 8166:) 8162:( 8154:) 8150:( 8142:) 8138:( 8130:) 8126:( 8118:) 8114:( 8106:) 8102:( 8094:) 8090:( 8066:) 8062:( 7790:e 7783:t 7776:v 7618:e 7611:t 7604:v 7347:) 7343:( 7333:e 7326:t 7319:v 7037:. 7014:. 6976:. 6942:8 6940:3 6891:. 6870:. 6848:. 6818:. 6796:) 6776:. 6750:. 6729:. 6703:. 6677:. 6640:. 6614:. 6574:. 6555:. 6533:. 6504:. 6474:. 6450:. 6391:. 6362:. 6336:. 6308:. 6285:. 6259:. 6241:. 6213:. 6176:. 6106:. 6078:. 6052:. 6021:. 5993:. 5930:. 5890:. 5778:. 5733:. 5704:. 5678:. 5645:. 5606:. 5588:. 5555:. 5518:. 5492:. 5417:. 5386:. 5317:. 5271:. 5241:. 5203:. 5177:. 5152:. 5074:. 5048:. 4989:. 4913:. 4780:. 4651:. 4558:. 4536:. 4496:. 4433:. 4392:. 4349:. 4319:. 4267:. 4123:. 4065:. 3944:. 3866:. 3838:. 3810:. 3776:. 3745:. 3691:. 3656:. 3625:. 3584:. 3243:. 2963:( 2955:( 2815:' 2504:. 1702:( 1694:( 1052:/ 1049:n 1043:d 1040:ˈ 1037:l 1034:ʌ 1031:m 1028:/ 1024:( 997:e 990:t 983:v 653:3 578:) 574:( 84:. 68:) 62:( 57:) 53:( 49:. 39:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index