778:
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38:
1038:
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The achievement of synthesizing ribonuclease A (with Bernd Gutte) was all the more significant in that it demonstrated that the linear sequence of amino acids joined in peptide bonds determined directly the tertiary structure of a peptide or protein. I.e. that information coded in one dimension can
352:
Dr. Merrifield's method greatly stimulated progress in biochemistry, pharmacology and medicine, making possible the systematic exploration of the structural basis of the activities of enzymes, hormones and antibodies. The development and applications of the technique continued to occupy his
348:
In the mid-60s Dr. Merrifield's laboratory first synthesized bradykinin, angiotensin, desamino-oxytocin and insulin. In 1969, he and his colleague Bernd Gutte announced the first synthesis of the enzyme ribonuclease A. This work proved the chemical nature of enzymes.
755:, May 23, 2006. Accessed May 9, 2007. "Robert Bruce Merrifield, a biochemist who won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for a method he named solid-phase peptide synthesis, died on May 14 at his home in Cresskill, N.J., after a long illness. He was 84."
384:
After raising their 6 children, James, Nancy, Betsy, Cathy, Laurie and Sally, his wife
Elizabeth (Libby), a biologist by training, joined the Merrifield laboratory at Rockefeller University where she worked for over 23 years.
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292:(UCLA). After graduation in chemistry he worked for a year at the Philip R. Park Research Foundation taking care of an animal colony and assisting with growth experiments on synthetic
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311:
He returned to graduate school at the UCLA chemistry department with professor of biochemistry M.S. Dunn to develop microbiological methods for the quantitation of the
335:
on a dinucleotide growth factor he discovered in graduate school and on peptide growth factors that
Woolley had discovered earlier. These studies led to the need for
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in which he reported a method he called "solid phase peptide synthesis". This article is the fifth most cited paper in the journal's history.
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392:. At the time of his death he was survived by his wife Libby, their 6 children and 16 grandchildren. Libby died on September 13, 2017.
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and, eventually, to the idea for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) in 1959. In 1963, he was sole author of a classic paper in the
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130:
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767:
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684:
Sano, S (1985), "Work of Dr. Robert
Merrifield, with special reference to the development of solid phase peptide synthesis",
814:
600:
Gierasch, Lila M (2006), "Editorial: Passing of a gentle giant of peptide science: in memoriam, R. Bruce
Merrifield",
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2015:
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265:, on 15 July 1921, the only son of George E. Merrifield and Lorene née Lucas. In 1923 the family moved to
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Ulf
Ragnarsson, "Bruce Merrifield", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2013)
315:. The day after graduating on 19 June 1949, he married Elizabeth Furlong and the next day left for
242:
137:
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Geiger, E. (1947). "Experiments with delayed supplementation of incomplete amino acid mixtures".
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After a long illness R. Bruce
Merrifield died on May 14, 2006, at the age of 84 in his home in
332:
328:
270:
194:
159:
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950:
494:
R. B. Merrifield (1963), "Solid Phase
Peptide Synthesis. I. The Synthesis of a Tetrapeptide",
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8:
2059:
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SPPS has been expanded to include solid phase synthesis of nucleotides and saccharides.
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1959:
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361:, Merrifield's autobiography, in the series "Profiles, Pathways, and Dreams" for the
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Jones, John H (2007), "R.B. Merrifield: European footnotes to his life and work",
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1983:
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where he attended nine grade schools and two high schools before graduating from
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316:
710:, vol. 109, no. 49 (published December 7, 1984), pp. 1901–2,
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Lerner, Richard A (2006), "Retrospective. R. Bruce
Merrifield (1921-2006)",
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Bernd Gutte and R. B. Merrifield (1971), "The
Synthesis of Ribonuclease A",
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1979:
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laboratory, where he remained active at the bench until recently. In 1993,
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Award for outstanding contributions to
Biomolecular Technologies in 1998.
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650:, vol. 313, no. 5783 (published July 7, 2006), p. 57,
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688:, vol. 30, no. 1 (published January 1985), pp. 51–3,
571:
432:"R. Bruce Merrifield, Who Won Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Dies at 84"
37:
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directly determine the three-dimensional structure of a molecule.
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Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
519:
201:
409:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
813:
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62:
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in 1939. It was there that he developed an interest both in
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diets. One of these was the experiment by Geiger using the
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99:
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
319:
and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
2434:
493:
747:"Nobel Laureate R. Bruce Merrifield Dies At 84"
367:Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities
237:(July 15, 1921 – May 14, 2006) was an American
2213:
124:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
19:For the Canadian politician and diplomat, see
2463:University of California, Los Angeles faculty
2199:
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359:Life during a Golden Age of Peptide Chemistry
2468:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
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806:
792:
776:
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613:
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496:Journal of the American Chemical Society
342:Journal of the American Chemical Society
290:University of California at Los Angeles
131:Gairdner Foundation International Award
2435:
705:
643:
456:
208:Microbiological Studies in Pyrimidines
2187:
787:
555:
683:
331:, he worked as an Assistant for Dr.
522:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
13:
2503:People from Montebello, California
566:(6) (published June 2007): 363–7,
14:
2514:
2478:Scientists from Fort Worth, Texas
2473:People from Cresskill, New Jersey
761:
300:that first demonstrated that the
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752:Chemical & Engineering News
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417:American Academy of Achievement
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1:
2498:Rockefeller University people
535:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)62396-8
395:
252:
247:solid phase peptide synthesis
245:in 1984 for the invention of
113:solid phase peptide synthesis
2458:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
430:Kenneth Chang (2006-05-06).
7:
10:
2519:
736:, accessed 13 October 2020
686:Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso
559:Journal of Peptide Science
18:
2360:
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2334:(Great Britain/Argentina)
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363:American Chemical Society
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108:
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28:
2448:American Nobel laureates
1960:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1239:Wendell Meredith Stanley
819:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
706:Domagk, G F (1984), "",
327:At the institute, later
243:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
138:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2233:Robert Bruce Merrifield
708:Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr.
656:10.1126/science.1130957
286:Pasadena Junior College
235:Robert Bruce Merrifield
30:Robert Bruce Merrifield
2366:Nobel Prize recipients
2312:Physiology or Medicine
2124:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2112:M. Stanley Whittingham
1083:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
329:Rockefeller University
288:he transferred to the
271:Montebello High School
195:Rockefeller University
160:Chemical Pioneer Award
153:Glenn T. Seaborg Medal
146:Academy of Achievement
144:Golden Plate Award of
1494:Christian B. Anfinsen
1134:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
390:Cresskill, New Jersey
308:for growth to occur.
302:essential amino acids
81:Cresskill, New Jersey
2443:American biochemists
2326:Georges J. F. Köhler
2156:Karl Barry Sharpless
1653:Dudley R. Herschbach
1478:Luis Federico Leloir
460:Journal of Nutrition
2148:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2060:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
1797:Jens Christian Skou
1765:F. Sherwood Rowland
1677:Charles J. Pedersen
1641:Herbert A. Hauptman
1334:Vincent du Vigneaud
951:Richard Willstätter
835:Jacobus van 't Hoff
745:Petkewich, Rachel.
508:10.1021/ja00897a025
413:www.achievement.org
284:After two years at
16:American biochemist
2301:Simon van der Meer
2108:John B. Goodenough
2036:William E. Moerner
1916:Richard R. Schrock
1888:Roderick MacKinnon
1860:K. Barry Sharpless
1685:Johann Deisenhofer
1514:Geoffrey Wilkinson
1510:Ernst Otto Fischer
1434:Robert S. Mulliken
1370:Jaroslav HeyrovskĂ˝
1318:Hermann Staudinger
1138:Irène Joliot-Curie
775:on Nobelprize.org
730:on Nobelprize.org
473:10.1093/jn/34.1.97
437:The New York Times
365:. He received the
298:law of the minimum
2430:
2429:
2343:Economic Sciences
2181:
2180:
2164:Moungi G. Bawendi
2084:Richard Henderson
1928:Roger D. Kornberg
1896:Aaron Ciechanover
1729:Rudolph A. Marcus
1633:Robert Merrifield
1569:Peter D. Mitchell
1342:Cyril Hinshelwood
1103:Friedrich Bergius
1027:Richard Zsigmondy
943:Theodore Richards
891:Ernest Rutherford
615:10.1002/bip.20574
502:(14): 2149–2154,
355:Jeffrey I. Seeman
337:peptide synthesis
232:
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171:Scientific career
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104:
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2368:
2259:(Czechoslovakia)
2257:Jaroslav Seifert
2208:
2201:
2194:
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2184:
2174:
2172:Alexei I. Ekimov
2158:
2152:Morten P. Meldal
2142:
2130:
2118:
2102:
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2076:Jacques Dubochet
2070:
2054:
2038:
2022:
2006:
2000:Robert Lefkowitz
1994:
1986:
1970:
1964:Thomas A. Steitz
1954:
1938:
1930:
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1912:Robert H. Grubbs
1906:
1890:
1878:
1862:
1835:
1833:Hideki Shirakawa
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1811:
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1611:
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1597:Frederick Sanger
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1577:Herbert C. Brown
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1553:William Lipscomb
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1516:
1504:
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1486:Gerhard Herzberg
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1436:
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1362:Frederick Sanger
1356:
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1328:
1320:
1312:
1300:
1298:Glenn T. Seaborg
1277:
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1223:Artturi Virtanen
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1207:George de Hevesy
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1063:Heinrich Wieland
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1055:Theodor Svedberg
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867:Adolf von Baeyer
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851:Svante Arrhenius
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837:
808:
801:
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784:
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773:Bruce Merrifield
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528:(6): 1922–1941,
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2320:Niels Kaj Jerne
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2235:(United States)
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2182:
2177:
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2145:
2136:David MacMillan
2133:
2128:Jennifer Doudna
2121:
2105:
2089:
2073:
2064:Fraser Stoddart
2057:
2048:Paul L. Modrich
2041:
2025:
2009:
1997:
1989:
1984:Ei-ichi Negishi
1976:Richard F. Heck
1973:
1957:
1944:Osamu Shimomura
1941:
1933:
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1909:
1893:
1881:
1865:
1852:William Knowles
1849:
1838:
1829:Alan MacDiarmid
1822:
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1781:Richard Smalley
1770:
1757:Paul J. Crutzen
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1418:Dorothy Hodgkin
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1263:William Giauque
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1247:Robert Robinson
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1231:James B. Sumner
1228:
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1204:
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1178:Leopold RuĹľiÄŤka
1174:Adolf Butenandt
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1111:Irving Langmuir
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993:
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572:10.1002/psc.857
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257:He was born in
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96:Alma mater
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2278:(South Africa)
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2103:
2096:Gregory Winter
2092:Frances Arnold
2087:
2071:
2055:
2039:
2023:
2016:Michael Levitt
2012:Martin Karplus
2007:
1995:
1987:
1971:
1955:
1952:Roger Y. Tsien
1948:Martin Chalfie
1939:
1931:
1923:
1907:
1891:
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1837:
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1825:Alan J. Heeger
1820:
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1793:John E. Walker
1784:
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1716:
1708:
1696:
1693:Hartmut Michel
1680:
1669:Donald J. Cram
1664:
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1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1609:Roald Hoffmann
1600:
1593:Walter Gilbert
1584:
1572:
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1561:Ilya Prigogine
1556:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1530:John Cornforth
1525:
1517:
1505:
1498:Stanford Moore
1489:
1481:
1473:
1461:
1453:
1446:Ronald Norrish
1437:
1429:
1421:
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1401:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1354:Alexander Todd
1349:
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1294:Edwin McMillan
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1154:Norman Haworth
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2017:
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2005:
2004:Brian Kobilka
2001:
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1307:
1306:Archer Martin
1302:
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924:
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467:(1): 97–111.
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380:Personal life
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60:
55:July 15, 1921
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39:
34:
27:
22:
2396:
2295:Carlo Rubbia
2276:Desmond Tutu
2232:
2100:George Smith
1980:Akira Suzuki
1936:Gerhard Ertl
1920:Yves Chauvin
1868:John B. Fenn
1856:Ryoji Noyori
1843:2001–present
1817:Ahmed Zewail
1777:Harold Kroto
1761:Mario Molina
1689:Robert Huber
1661:John Polanyi
1645:Jerome Karle
1632:
1581:Georg Wittig
1466:Derek Barton
1458:Lars Onsager
1410:Giulio Natta
1406:Karl Ziegler
1398:John Kendrew
1166:Richard Kuhn
1091:Hans Fischer
907:Otto Wallach
843:Emil Fischer
750:
741:
723:
707:
701:
685:
679:
645:
639:
608:(5): 433–4,
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441:. Retrieved
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333:D.W. Woolley
326:
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283:
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241:who won the
234:
233:
206:
187:Institutions
181:Biochemistry
170:
75:(2006-05-14)
73:May 14, 2006
2488:2006 deaths
2483:1921 births
2216:Nobel Prize
2068:Ben Feringa
2052:Aziz Sancar
2032:Stefan Hell
2028:Eric Betzig
1805:Walter Kohn
1773:Robert Curl
1749:George Olah
1737:Kary Mullis
1713:Elias Corey
1705:Thomas Cech
1657:Yuan T. Lee
1625:Henry Taube
1158:Paul Karrer
1146:Peter Debye
1126:Harold Urey
1012:Fritz Pregl
973:Fritz Haber
915:Marie Curie
602:Biopolymers
313:pyrimidines
224:Max S. Dunn
88:Nationality
2437:Categories
2244:Literature
1904:Irwin Rose
1884:Peter Agre
1809:John Pople
1617:Aaron Klug
1522:Paul Flory
1470:Odd Hassel
1394:Max Perutz
1275:Kurt Alder
1271:Otto Diels
1099:Carl Bosch
443:2008-04-12
396:References
357:published
294:amino acid
267:California
259:Fort Worth
253:Early life
239:biochemist
59:Fort Worth
51:1921-07-15
2328:(Germany)
2322:(Denmark)
2225:Chemistry
2218:laureates
1589:Paul Berg
1544:1976–2000
1285:1951–1975
1215:Otto Hahn
1046:1926–1950
826:1901–1925
815:Laureates
672:170949560
279:astronomy
275:chemistry
664:16825560
632:37585286
624:16850497
588:40900106
580:17516587
481:20244454
91:American
2297:(Italy)
2287:Physics
817:of the
716:6389076
694:3883428
647:Science
544:5102153
277:and in
2162:2023:
2146:2022:
2134:2021:
2122:2020:
2106:2019:
2090:2018:
2074:2017:
2058:2016:
2042:2015:
2026:2014:
2010:2013:
1998:2012:
1990:2011:
1974:2010:
1958:2009:
1942:2008:
1934:2007:
1926:2006:
1910:2005:
1894:2004:
1882:2003:
1866:2002:
1850:2001:
1823:2000:
1815:1999:
1803:1998:
1787:1997:
1771:1996:
1755:1995:
1747:1994:
1735:1993:
1727:1992:
1719:1991:
1711:1990:
1699:1989:
1683:1988:
1667:1987:
1651:1986:
1639:1985:
1631:1984:
1623:1983:
1615:1982:
1603:1981:
1587:1980:
1575:1979:
1567:1978:
1559:1977:
1551:1976:
1528:1975:
1520:1974:
1508:1973:
1492:1972:
1484:1971:
1476:1970:
1464:1969:
1456:1968:
1440:1967:
1432:1966:
1424:1965:
1416:1964:
1404:1963:
1392:1962:
1384:1961:
1376:1960:
1368:1959:
1360:1958:
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1340:1956:
1332:1955:
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1292:1951:
1269:1950:
1261:1949:
1253:1948:
1245:1947:
1229:1946:
1221:1945:
1213:1944:
1205:1943:
1172:1939:
1164:1938:
1152:1937:
1144:1936:
1132:1935:
1124:1934:
1109:1932:
1097:1931:
1089:1930:
1077:1929:
1069:1928:
1061:1927:
1053:1926:
1025:1925:
1010:1923:
1002:1922:
994:1921:
986:1920:
971:1918:
949:1915:
941:1914:
933:1913:
921:1912:
913:1911:
905:1910:
897:1909:
889:1908:
881:1907:
873:1906:
865:1905:
857:1904:
849:1903:
841:1902:
833:1901:
714:
692:
670:
662:
630:
622:
586:
578:
542:
479:
323:Career
213:(1949)
211:
202:Thesis
177:Fields
163:(1993)
156:(1993)
149:(1985)
141:(1984)
134:(1970)
127:(1969)
119:Awards
2397:1984
2268:Peace
2214:1984
668:S2CID
628:S2CID
584:S2CID
263:Texas
63:Texas
2422:1989
2417:1988
2412:1987
2407:1986
2402:1985
2392:1983
2387:1982
2382:1981
2377:1980
2372:1979
2248:1984
1199:1942
1192:1941
1185:1940
1118:1933
1019:1924
980:1919
965:1917
958:1916
712:PMID
690:PMID
660:PMID
620:PMID
576:PMID
540:PMID
477:PMID
191:UCLA
100:UCLA
70:Died
45:Born
652:doi
610:doi
568:doi
530:doi
526:246
504:doi
469:doi
2439::
2170:/
2166:/
2154:/
2150:/
2138:/
2126:/
2114:/
2110:/
2098:/
2094:/
2082:/
2078:/
2066:/
2062:/
2050:/
2046:/
2034:/
2030:/
2018:/
2014:/
2002:/
1982:/
1978:/
1966:/
1962:/
1950:/
1946:/
1918:/
1914:/
1902:/
1898:/
1886:/
1874:/
1870:/
1858:/
1854:/
1831:/
1827:/
1807:/
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1655:/
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1344:/
1308:/
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1101:/
1081:/
925:/
749:,
666:,
658:,
626:,
618:,
606:84
604:,
582:,
574:,
564:13
562:,
538:,
524:,
500:85
498:,
475:.
465:34
463:.
434:.
415:.
411:.
281:.
261:,
249:.
61:,
2250:)
2246:(
2207:e
2200:t
2193:v
807:e
800:t
793:v
654::
612::
570::
532::
506::
483:.
471::
446:.
419:.
53:)
49:(
23:.
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