1137:
38:
2241:
1410:
1191:
2290:
1537:
2607:
7231:
7084:
67:
7130:
7043:
1953:
1555:
7031:
811:
1163:
7142:
7193:
7118:
7019:
800:
2858:
1495:
7166:
2097:
support exists. Visual inspection is the simplest manner to find voids. Signs that repair is needed are transverse joint faulting, corner breaks and shoulder drop off and lines at or near joints and cracks. Deflection testing is another common procedure used to locate voids. It is recommended to do this testing at night as during cooler temperatures, joints open, aggregate interlock diminishes and load deflections are at their highest.
7219:
7207:
7243:
2420:
7154:
2127:-cement grout and polyurethane. The requirements for slab stabilization are strength and the ability to flow into or expand to fill small voids. Colloidal mixing equipment is necessary to use the pozzolan-cement grouts. The contractor must place the grout using a positive-displacement injection pump or a non-pulsing progressive cavity pump. A drill is also necessary but it must produce a clean hole with no surface
7267:
7183:
7106:
7007:
2263:. It has been reported that "roblems of transportation participants and road conditions are the main factors that lead to road traffic accidents". It has further been specifically noted that "weather conditions and road conditions are interlinked as weather conditions affect the road conditions". Specific aspects of road conditions can be of particular importance for particular purposes. For example, for
1910:
1148:
7255:
7055:
1818:(AASHTO) and TRIP – a national transportation research organization – driving on rough roads costs the average American motorist approximately $ 400 a year in extra vehicle operating costs. Drivers living in urban areas with populations more than 250,000 are paying upwards of $ 750 more annually because of accelerated vehicle deterioration, increased maintenance, additional
959:(OECD) defines a road as "a line of communication (travelled way) using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips open to public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles running on their own wheels", which includes "bridges, tunnels, supporting structures, junctions, crossings, interchanges, and toll roads, but not cycle paths".
3257:
The land over which a public right of way exists is known as a highway; and although most highways have been made up into roads, and most easements of way exist over footpaths, the presence or absence of a made road has nothing to do with the distinction. There may be a highway over a footpath, while
2274:
Various government agencies and private entities, including local news services, track and report on road conditions to the public so that drivers going through a particular area can be aware of hazards that may exist in that area. News agencies, in turn, rely on tips from area residents with respect
1709:
is not frequently used to excavate the roadbed as the intact rock structure forms an ideal road base. When a depression must be filled to come up to the road grade the native bed is compacted after the topsoil has been removed. The fill is made by the "compacted layer method" where a layer of fill is
2209:
are designed to collapse on impact. Light poles are designed to break at the base rather than violently stop a car that hits them. Highway authorities may also remove larger trees from the immediate vicinity of the road. During heavy rains, if the elevation of the road surface is not higher than the
1700:
and put aside for use during reinstatement. The topsoil is usually stripped and stockpiled nearby for rehabilitation of newly constructed embankments along the road. Stumps and roots are removed and holes filled as required before the earthwork begins. Final rehabilitation after road construction is
1077:
The definition of a road depends on the definition of a highway; there is no formal definition for a highway in the relevant Act. A 1984 ruling said "the land over which a public right of way exists is known as a highway; and although most highways have been made up into roads, and most easements of
2585:
The United States has the largest network of roads of any country with 4,050,717 miles (6,518,997 km) as of 2009. The
Republic of India has the second-largest road system globally with 4,689,842 kilometres (2,914,133 miles) of road (2013). The People's Republic of China is third with 3,583,715
1978:
and concrete pavement. Maintenance is considered in the whole life cost of the road with service at 10, 20 and 30-year milestones. Roads can be and are designed for a variety of lives (8-, 15-, 30-, and 60-year designs). When pavement lasts longer than its intended life, it may have been overbuilt,
1023:
In New
Zealand, the definition of a road is broad in common law where the statutory definition includes areas the public has access to, by right or not. Beaches, publicly accessible car parks and yards (even if privately owned), river beds, road shoulders (verges), wharves and bridges are included.
2131:
or breakouts. The injection devices must include a grout packer capable of sealing the hole. The injection device must also have a return hose or a fast-control reverse switch, in case workers detect slab movement on the uplift gauge. The uplift beam helps to monitor the slab deflection and has to
2063:
Failure to maintain roads properly can create significant costs to society. A 2009 report released by the
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials estimated that about 50% of the roads in the US are in bad condition, with urban areas worse. The report estimates that urban
2096:
Slab stabilization does not correct depressions, increase the design structural capacity, stop erosion or eliminate faulting. It does, however, restore the slab support, therefore, decreasing deflections under the load. Stabilization should only be performed at joints and cracks where the loss of
3275:
Historically, a highway comprehended any path in which members of the public had the right to pass and re-pass without let or hindrance. The term embraced footpaths, bridleways, driftways and so forth. The advent of the motor vehicle and its peculiar requirements has seen increasing distinctions
2145:
or traces of old sealant should remain. Thus, it is recommended to water wash, sand-blast and then air blow to remove any sand, dirt or dust. The backer rod installation requires a double-wheeled, steel roller to insert the rod to the desired depth. After inserting the backer rod, the sealant is
2092:
mixture through holes drilled through the slab. The grout can fill small voids beneath the slab and/or sub-base. The grout also displaces free water and helps keep water from saturating and weakening support under the joints and slab edge after stabilization is complete. The three steps for this
2140:
Also called joint and crack repair, this method's purpose is to minimize infiltration of surface water and incompressible material into the joint system. Joint sealants are also used to reduce dowel bar corrosion in concrete pavement restoration techniques. Successful resealing consists of old
1695:
Old road surfaces, fences, and buildings may need to be removed before construction can begin. Trees in the road construction area may be marked for retention. These protected trees should not have the topsoil within the area of the tree's drip line removed and the area should be kept clear of
977:
defines a road as a "Line of communication (traveled way) open to public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles, using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips. Included are paved roads and other roads with a stabilized base, e.g. gravel roads. Roads also cover streets,
1779:
are frequently used in the various pavement layers to improve road quality. These materials and methods are used in low-traffic private roadways as well as public roads and highways. Geosynthetics perform four main functions in roads: separation, reinforcement, filtration, and drainage; which
1990:
Many asphalt pavements built over 35 years ago, despite not being specifically designed as a perpetual pavement, have remained in good condition long past their design life. Many concrete pavements built since the 1950s have significantly outlived their intended design lives. Some roads like
1704:
Processes during earthwork include excavation, removal of material to spoil, filling, compacting, construction and trimming. If rock or other unsuitable material is discovered it is removed, moisture content is managed and replaced with standard fill compacted to meet the design requirements
2807:
and travel restrictions. For example, travel from other parts of Asia to South Korea would require passage through the hostile country of North Korea. Moving between most countries in Africa and
Eurasia would require passing through Egypt and Israel, which is a politically sensitive area.
2775:
October to
February, and many residents of coastal Alaska have bulk cargo shipped in only during the warmer months. Permanent darkness during the winter can also make long-distance travel more dangerous in polar areas. Continental road networks do reach into these areas, such as the
1014:
Further, it defines a shoulder (typical an area of the road outside the edge line, or the curb) and a road-related area which includes green areas separating roads, areas designated for cyclists and areas generally accessible to the public for driving, riding or parking vehicles.
2182:
or Botts dots. Botts dots are not used where it is icy in the winter, because frost and snowplows can break the glue that holds them to the road, although they can be embedded in short, shallow trenches carved in the roadway, as is done in the mountainous regions of
California.
2598:(NTHS) in China has a total length of 45,000 kilometres (28,000 mi) at the end of 2006, and 60,300 km at the end of 2008, second only to the United States with 90,000 kilometres (56,000 mi) in 2005. However, as of 2017, China has 130,000 km of Expressways.
4548:"Practical guidelines for CPR of Urban Roads: A compelling need for preserving city concrete streets led to the development of a methodology for scoping repairs and the undertaking of a comprehensive concrete pavement repair program in Grand Rapids, Michigan". June 2005.
2141:
sealant removal, shaping and cleaning the reservoir, installing the backer rod and installing the sealant. Sawing, manual removal, plowing and cutting are methods used to remove the old sealant. Saws are used to shape the reservoir. When cleaning the reservoir, no dust,
3276:
between paths over which walkers and riders have a right of way and those ways that are predominantly used by motor vehicles. The former may be usefully termed "rights of way" (and are the subject of a separate entry in this web) and the latter may be termed "highways."
1010:
Part 2, Division 1, clauses 11–13 of the
National Transport Commission Regulations 2006 defines a road in Australia as 'an area that is open to or used by the public and is developed for, or has as one of its main uses, the driving or riding of motor vehicles.'
2460:
is used to understand both the relationship between the transport system and the wider economy and the complex effects of the road network structure when there are multiple paths and competing modes for both personal and freight (road/rail/air/ferry) and where
1379:
From the beginning of the 20th century, roads were increasingly built for tourism and also to create jobs. A typical example of the stimulation of tourism is the Great
Dolomite Road, while the creation of the panoramic coastal road Strada Costiera between
1066:, road is "any length of highway or of any other road to which the public has access, and includes bridges over which a road passes". This includes footpaths, bridleways and cycle tracks, and also road and driveways on private land and many car parks.
4602:
CPR brings dying pavement back to life: Georgia continues to be the leader in concrete pavement restoration, but as the word spreads other states are beginning to use this system to restore deteriorating pavements. April 1997, Roads & Bridges
2064:
drivers pay an average of $ 746/year on vehicle repairs while the average US motorist pays about $ 335/year. In contrast, the average motorist pays about $ 171/year in road maintenance taxes (based on 600 gallons/year and $ 0.285/gallon tax).
3206:"road" – (a) in England and Wales, means any length of highway or of any other road to which the public has access, and includes bridges over which a road passes, and (b) in Scotland, has the same meaning as in the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984
1729:. The lower fill generally comprises sand or a sand-rich mixture with fine gravel, which acts as an inhibitor to the growth of plants or other vegetable matter. The compacted fill also serves as lower-stratum drainage. Select second fill (
1411:
4732:
1945:) with 8,000 pounds (3.629 t) on the steer axle and 36,000 pounds (16.329 t) on both of the tandem axle groups is expected to do 7,800 times more damage than a passenger vehicle with 2,000 pounds (0.907 t) on each axle.
1356:
was established around 1706, to build good roads and collect tolls from passing vehicles. Eventually there were approximately 1,100 trusts in
Britain and some 36,800 km (22,900 mi) of engineered roads. The
2060:, in which slots are cut in the pavement at each joint, and dowel bars are placed in the slots, which are then filled with concrete patching material. This can extend the life of the concrete pavement for 15 years.
2076:. The most common causes of voids are pumping, consolidation, subgrade failure and bridge approach failure. Slab stabilization is a non-destructive method of solving this problem and is usually employed with other
2465:
can result in increased on decreased transport levels when road provision is increased by building new roads or decreased (for example
California State Route 480). Roads are generally built and maintained by the
2442:
About 33% of the world by population drive on the left, and 67% keep right. By road distances, about 28% drive on the left, and 72% on the right, even though originally most traffic drove on the left worldwide.
2053:. Thin surfacing preserves, protects and improves the functional condition of the road while reducing the need for routing maintenance, leading to extended service life without increasing structural capacity.
4064:
2710:, and these can become impassible in wet conditions. As of 2014, only 43% of rural Africans have access to an all-season road. Due to steepness, mud, snow, or fords, roads can sometimes be passable only to
3237:
Reference listed says 1984, This description is used in several rules going back to at least 1975, The law of real property; Stevens, 1975; Authors – Robert Megarry, Sir Robert Edgar Megarry, Sir William
2080:
methods including patching and diamond grinding. The technique restores support to concrete slabs by filing small voids that develop underneath the concrete slab at joints, cracks or the pavement edge.
2072:
Distress and serviceability loss on concrete roads can be caused by loss of support due to voids beneath the concrete pavement slabs. The voids usually occur near cracks or joints due to surface water
2706:
connecting with the primary continental network, due to natural obstacles like mountains or wetlands, or high cost compared to the population served. Unpaved roads or lack of roads are more common in
2120:
is poured into the hole – dyed for visual clarity. Once the epoxy hardens, technicians drill through the hole. If a void is present, the epoxy will stick to the core and provide physical evidence.
1249:
causeway in England, is one of the oldest engineered roads discovered and the oldest timber trackway discovered in Northern Europe. Built in winter 3807 BC or spring 3806 BC, (tree-ring dating –
2439:
go counter-clockwise/anti-clockwise, and pedestrians crossing a two-way road should watch out for traffic from the left first. In countries where traffic flows on the left, the reverse is true.
4517:
2271:, significant road conditions can include "shadowing and lighting changes, road surface texture changes, and road markings consisting of circular reflectors, dashed lines, and solid lines".
1921:, thermal cracking and oxidation often contribute, however accumulated damage from vehicles also contributes. According to a series of experiments carried out in the late 1950s, called the
2629:
Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, and Australia each have an extensive road network that connects most cities. The North and South American road networks are separated by the
2431:
Traffic flows on the right or on the left side of the road depending on the country. In countries where traffic flows on the right, traffic signs are mostly on the right side of the road,
1661:
and storm water system. Drainage systems must be capable of carrying the ultimate design flow from the upstream catchment with approval for the outfall from the appropriate authority to a
1291:
In ancient times, transport by river was far easier and faster than transport by road, especially considering the cost of road construction and the difference in carrying capacity between
2586:
kilometres (2,226,817 mi) of road (2007). The Federative Republic of Brazil has the fourth-largest road system in the world with 1,751,868 kilometres (1,088,560 mi) (2002). See
2010:
treatments as needed to prolong the lifespan of their roads. Technically advanced agencies monitor the road network surface condition with sophisticated equipment such as laser/inertial
4230:
3497:
1845:. The original carriageway is changed from two-way to become one-way, while the new carriageway is one-way in the opposite direction. In the same way as converting railway lines from
1815:
4750:
2251:
Road conditions are the collection of factors describing the ease of driving on a particular stretch of road, or on the roads of a particular locality, including the quality of the
1352:
in Britain transferred responsibility for maintaining roads from government to local parishes. This resulted in a poor and variable state of roads. To remedy this, the first of the
2744:
upon arrival. If facilities are available, vehicles and cargo can also be shipped to many disconnected settlements by boat, or air transport at much greater expense. The island of
4120:
1584:, and may be required to meet standards set by law or official guidelines. The process is often begun with the removal of earth and rock by digging or blasting, construction of
1220:
made by animals has not been universally accepted; in many cases animals do not follow constant paths. Some believe that some roads originated from following animal trails. The
4705:
4688:
2112:
The epoxy/core test, detects voids by visual and mechanical methods. It consists of drilling a 25 to 50 millimeter hole through the pavement into the sub-base with a dry-bit
2297:
Careful design and construction of a road can reduce any negative environmental impacts. Water management systems can be used to reduce the effect of pollutants from roads.
1078:
way exist over footpaths, the presence or absence of a made road has nothing to do with the distinction. Another legal view is that while a highway historically included
1979:
and the original costs may have been too high. When a pavement fails before its intended design life, the owner may have excessive repair and rehabilitation costs. Some
1136:
1224:
may exemplify this type of road origination, where human and animal both selected the same natural line. By about 10,000 BC human travelers used rough roads/pathways.
647:
5193:
7034:
3704:
7145:
7121:
4071:
1676:(source for obtaining fill, gravel, and rock) and a water source should be located near or in reasonable distance to the road construction site. Approval from
956:
3730:
2146:
placed into the joint. There are various materials to choose for this method including hot pour bituminous liquid, silicone and preformed compression seals.
5062:
4562:
2363:
can be toxic to sensitive plants and animals. Sand applied to icy roads can be ground up by traffic into fine particulates and contribute to air pollution.
4774:
4324:
7169:
6955:
1370:
1314:
throughout Europe and North Africa, in support of its military campaigns. At its peak the Roman Empire was connected by 29 major roads moving out from
3529:
1627:
are designed and staked out to best suit the natural ground levels and minimize the amount of cut and fill. Great care is taken to preserve reference
7222:
2512:
are moved by trucks over roads and 85% of all people are transported by cars, buses or coaches on roads. The term was also commonly used to refer to
1701:
completed will include seeding, planting, watering and other activities to reinstate the area to be consistent with the untouched surrounding areas.
681:
4524:
2524:
According to the New York State Thruway Authority, some sample per-mile costs to construct multi-lane roads in several US northeastern states were:
2109:
pulses electromagnetic waves into the pavement and measures and graphically displays the reflected signal. This can reveal voids and other defects.
978:
bridges, tunnels, supporting structures, junctions, crossings and interchanges. Toll roads are also included. Excluded are dedicated cycle lanes."
841:
5112:
Cardno, Catherine (2008). "Infrastructure: New Report Examines the Potential of Public-Private Partnerships for Transportation Infrastructure".
7109:
5293:
1999:, a major two-level (and at one point, three-level) roadway in the downtown area, are being rebuilt with a designed service life of 100 years.
1696:
construction material and equipment. Compensation or replacement may be required if a protected tree is damaged. Much of the vegetation may be
5033:
3258:
a well made road may be subject only to an easement of way, or may exist only for the landowner's benefit and be subject to no easement at all
5324:
4248:
2827:
3991:
7920:
4489:
4454:
2703:
1253:– enabled very precise dating). It was claimed to be the oldest road in the world until the 2009 discovery of a 6,000-year-old trackway in
2400:
reactions. In addition, on-road transportation greenhouse gas emissions are the largest single cause of climate change, scientists say.
4019:
3057:
2041:
Maintenance treatments for asphalt concrete generally include thin asphalt overlays, crack sealing, surface rejuvenating, fog sealing,
1879:. For instance, in the ongoing road space reallocation effort, some roads (particularly in city centers) which are intended for use by
4851:
3248:
4128:
3665:
1833:
road is converted into dual carriageway by building a second separate carriageway alongside the first, it is usually referred to as
5599:
5363:
3249:"Judgment – Director of Public Prosecutions v. Jones and Another (On Appeal from a Divisional Court of the Queen's Bench Division)"
2487:
are a way for communities to address the rising cost by injecting private funds into the infrastructure. There are four main ones:
2217:
3155:
1875:
Roads that are intended for use by a particular mode of transport can be reallocated for another mode of transport, i.e. by using
7965:
2740:
ferries are commonly available if the journey is relatively short. For long-distance trips, passengers usually travel by air and
1710:
spread then compacted to specifications, under saturated conditions. The process is repeated until the desired grade is reached.
4175:
4024:
Chapter 35.78 RCW requires cities and counties to adopt uniform definitions and design standards for municipal streets and roads
2002:
Virtually all roads require some form of maintenance before they come to the end of their service life. Pro-active agencies use
6948:
5707:
5652:
2886:
2691:
Many populated domestic islands are connected to the mainland by bridges. A very long example is the 113 mi (182 km)
2587:
1692:
of the extraction area. Side slopes in the excavation area not steeper than one vertical to two horizontal for safety reasons.
781:
3454:
Kunze, Thomas; Stommer, Rainer (1982). "Geschichte der Reichsautobahn". In Stommer, Rainer; Philipp, Claudia Gabriele (eds.).
5139:
4981:
4744:
4715:
4334:
4307:
4297:
3917:
3813:
3714:
2941:
2772:
4267:
3289:
5537:
5267:
5197:
3973:
Roberto Covaz e Annalisa Turel, La Costiera triestina - storia e misteri di una strada, Edizioni Mgs Press, Trieste, 2006,
1548:
988:
In urban areas roads may diverge through a city or village and be named as streets, serving a dual function as urban space
834:
2370:. In the early 1970s, it was recognized that design of roads can be conducted to influence and minimize noise generation.
3639:
3438:
5168:
3381:
2093:
method after finding the voids are locating and drilling holes, grout injection and post-testing the stabilized slabs.
4399:
7375:
6973:
6941:
5218:
3978:
3962:
3463:
3324:
1620:
1376:
In the late-19th century roading engineers began to cater for cyclists by building separate lanes alongside roadways.
982:
666:
4462:
Paper for presentation at the 2005 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada in Calgary, Alberta
2201:
The placement of energy attenuation devices (e.g. guardrails, wide grassy areas, sand barrels) is also common. Some
6917:
2871:
670:
4125:
Building the cities, towns, streets, highways and bridges in your neighborhood and in communities around the globe
3734:
2733:
Most disconnected settlements have local road networks connecting ports, buildings, and other points of interest.
1917:
Like all structures, roads deteriorate over time. Deterioration is primarily due to environmental effects such as
37:
6047:
6012:
5070:
4569:
3179:
2334:
827:
701:
258:
4771:
3398:
6922:
6037:
6022:
5637:
2284:
2232:
identify speed control as one of various interventions likely to contribute to a reduction in road casualties.
1477:
1092:
343:
273:
7623:
7504:
7046:
6899:
6889:
6126:
6017:
5662:
3829:
2595:
2077:
967:
952:
Historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or some maintenance.
293:
4351:
3107:
6894:
6708:
6233:
6096:
6052:
5356:
2843:
2685:
2414:
2164:
and reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and property damage) on the highway system from traffic collisions.
2046:
721:
657:
617:
521:
5612:
5194:"Research and Innovative Technology Administration Bureau of Transportation Statistics U.S. mileage table"
4148:
2771:
that blocks ports, and bad weather that prevents flying. For example, resupply aircraft are only flown to
1925:, it was empirically determined that the effective damage done to the road is roughly proportional to the
7936:
6615:
6505:
5702:
2981:
2684:
Even well-connected road networks are controlled by many different legal jurisdictions, and laws such as
2484:
2023:
1585:
716:
3131:
2881:
7536:
6981:
5793:
5018:
4791:
4593:
How States Preserve Concrete Pavements: CPR pays off in extra pavement life. Better Roads. August 2005.
3552:"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2001, volume 28 (Self-organizing pedestrian movement)"
3226:
Most of the provisions apply on all roads throughout Great Britain, although there are some exceptions.
3221:
3108:"Land Transport Act 1998 No 110 (as at 29 October 2019), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
2891:
4854:. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 170. pp. 520–26. 2004. Archived from
1757:
fill may also be used. The roadbed must be "proof rolled" after each layer of fill is compacted. If a
7839:
7234:
6904:
6723:
5579:
3084:"National Transport Commission (Road Transport Legislation - Australian Road Rules) Regulations 2006"
2591:
2229:
1434:
1209:
1121:
890:
874:, whose primary function is to serve as public spaces, the main function of roads is transportation.
776:
711:
6551:
4425:
1761:
passes over an area without creating visible deformation or spring the section is deemed to comply.
1726:
7915:
7905:
7777:
7767:
7597:
7335:
7133:
6964:
6884:
6610:
6605:
6580:
5697:
5617:
5530:
5302:
5041:
4622:
3755:
2073:
1930:
1722:
1404:
1342:
761:
746:
652:
278:
4195:
3957:
Theodor Christomannos: Die Dolomitenstraße Bozen – Cortina – Toblach. Chiari: Ed. Nordpress 1998,
2240:
8096:
8091:
7755:
7730:
7670:
7350:
7291:
5349:
4875:
3995:
3005:
2812:
2736:
Where demand for travel by road vehicle to a disconnected island or mainland settlement is high,
2381:
1904:
803:
686:
632:
627:
358:
328:
115:
4465:
4378:
3777:
3364:
1228:
The world's oldest known paved road was constructed in Egypt some time between 2600 and 2200 BC.
612:
8018:
7829:
7643:
7479:
7454:
7305:
7284:
7176:
6817:
6784:
6121:
6091:
6032:
5997:
5672:
5316:
4455:"Thin Surfacing – Effective Way of Improving Road Safety within Scarce Road Maintenance Budget"
4213:
2831:
2646:
2558:
2007:
1804:
691:
662:
579:
574:
125:
3933:
3803:
3456:
Reichsautobahn: Pyramiden des Dritten Reichs. Analysen zur Ästhetik eines unbewältigten Mythos
3083:
2756:
which is a service used in other parts of Europe to travel under mountains and over wetlands.
7705:
7514:
7022:
6779:
6500:
6116:
6007:
5607:
5489:
4402:. United States Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration. Archived from
3883:
3032:
2835:
2573:
2540:
1853:, the new carriageway is not always constructed directly alongside the existing carriageway.
1628:
1544:
1526:
1454:
1450:
1205:
1201:
1005:
676:
378:
323:
220:
31:
17:
4891:
Unger, N.; Bond, T.C.; Wang, J.S.; Koch, D.M.; Menon, S.; Shindell, D.T.; Bauer, S. (2010).
4614:
4027:
3061:
2653:, and both have many connections to the mainland of Eurasia, including the bridges over the
2175:, pedestrian crossings and cycle lanes can help protect pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers.
1395:
The Automobil-Verkehrs- und Übungsstraße ('Automobile traffic and training road'), known as
8058:
7910:
7867:
7760:
7685:
7068:
6822:
6520:
6243:
6141:
6027:
5627:
4904:
4855:
4817:
4183:
3252:
2781:
2707:
2634:
2552:
2528:
1956:
1808:
1776:
1612:
1429:
1235:
1196:
1024:
However, the definition of a road for insurance purposes may be restricted to reduce risk.
564:
466:
318:
303:
235:
3197:
992:
and route. Modern roads are normally smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy
8:
7834:
7824:
7380:
7365:
7325:
7298:
7073:
7063:
6774:
6648:
6367:
6323:
6211:
6063:
6002:
5758:
5743:
5738:
5632:
5566:
5523:
5499:
4615:
4268:"Effects of Frost Heave on the Longitudinal Profile of Asphalt Pavements in Cold Regions"
3673:
2876:
2666:
2534:
2457:
2452:
2264:
2187:
2179:
2161:
2155:
2003:
1846:
1792:
1689:
1067:
406:
263:
5249:
4908:
4821:
4737:
Stormwater Effects Handbook: A Toolbox for Watershed Managers, Scientists, and Engineers
4231:"Milan to reallocate streets to pedestrians and cyclists in bid to reduce air pollution"
3479:
1280:. The road remained in use after Roman times. These road systems reached as far east as
7785:
7494:
7277:
7196:
6678:
6492:
6477:
6288:
6223:
6146:
6131:
6076:
5980:
5914:
5904:
5875:
5812:
5682:
5647:
5428:
5413:
4927:
4892:
4833:
4163:
Koerner, R.M. (2012) Designing with geosynthetics, 6th Edition, Xlibris Corporation, US
3644:
3574:
2749:
2727:
2678:
2642:
2622:
2474:
2221:
2057:
1934:
1866:
1830:
1780:
increase the pavement performance, reduce construction costs and decrease maintenance.
1540:
1503:
1261:
886:
815:
731:
516:
486:
426:
288:
165:
130:
110:
4792:"U of M research finds most road salt is making it into the state's lakes and rivers."
4172:
3270:
1649:
controls are constructed to prevent detrimental effects. Drainage lines are laid with
7882:
7628:
7519:
7489:
7340:
6738:
6541:
6472:
6422:
6161:
6042:
5880:
5852:
5837:
5822:
5692:
5687:
5677:
5474:
5121:
4977:
4932:
4837:
4740:
4711:
4453:
Uzarowski, Ludomir; Maher, Michael; Farrington, Gary; Golder Associates Ltd. (2005).
4330:
4303:
3974:
3958:
3913:
3854:
3809:
3710:
3459:
3434:
3320:
2937:
2930:
2819:
2753:
2546:
2027:
1949:
on roads are caused by rain damage and vehicle braking or related construction work.
1870:
1677:
1650:
1569:
1349:
1265:
1190:
1055:
1051:
771:
706:
569:
476:
461:
225:
145:
41:
3578:
2960:
2932:
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles that Used Them
2792:
water transport is sometimes faster). Large areas of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and
2650:
2374:
can reduce noise pollution near built-up areas. Regulations can restrict the use of
1086:, driftways, etc., it can now be used to mean those ways that allow the movement of
7932:
7819:
7710:
7675:
7650:
7509:
7330:
6595:
6570:
6357:
6273:
6268:
6183:
5986:
5941:
5783:
5589:
5584:
5069:. American Road & Transportation Builders Association ("ARTBA"). Archived from
4922:
4912:
4825:
3566:
2737:
2711:
2692:
2509:
2392:
health effects are greater near the road than at some distance away from the road.
2289:
2268:
2198:
between opposite-direction traffic to reduce the likelihood of head-on collisions.
2195:
2191:
2042:
1980:
1974:. In some parts of the United Kingdom the standard design life is 40 years for new
1819:
1718:
1536:
1515:
1366:
1300:
1250:
1063:
1034:
751:
741:
584:
421:
416:
333:
283:
205:
175:
71:
7157:
5147:
2038:. Software algorithms use this data to recommend maintenance or new construction.
985:
defines a road as the entire surface of any way or street open to public traffic.
8048:
7872:
7790:
7725:
7720:
7618:
7484:
7355:
7210:
6832:
6792:
6703:
6693:
6663:
6653:
6638:
6600:
6556:
6382:
6372:
6303:
5919:
5622:
4778:
4275:
3502:
3343:
3058:"Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa; A Discussion Document"
3050:
2638:
2367:
2318:
2172:
2168:
2035:
1922:
1684:
or for working (crushing and screening) of materials for construction needs. The
1604:
1597:
1458:
1246:
1179:
941:
929:
637:
531:
526:
491:
451:
411:
313:
135:
5271:
4326:
Highways: The Location, Design, Construction & Maintenance of Road Pavements
4095:
3706:
Highways: The Location, Design, Construction & Maintenance of Road Pavements
3666:"The Somerset Levels (the oldest timber trackway discovered in Northern Europe)"
3415:
2823:
2818:
Roads are under construction to many remote places, such as the villages of the
2606:
8086:
7995:
7887:
7804:
7608:
7370:
7360:
7246:
6802:
6764:
6733:
6713:
6698:
6510:
6392:
5934:
5862:
5733:
5728:
5667:
5657:
5549:
5372:
4397:
3592:
3431:
Mythos Reichsautobahn: Bau und Inszenierung der 'Straßen des Führers' 1933–1941
2896:
2804:
2777:
2674:
2505:
2471:
2462:
2436:
2375:
1738:
1353:
1299:. A hybrid of road transport and ship transport beginning in about 1740 is the
1087:
878:
642:
594:
536:
456:
353:
348:
230:
195:
180:
58:
4452:
4026:. Municipal Research & Services Center of Washington. 2005. Archived from
1038:
details rules for "road users", but there is some ambiguity between the terms
8080:
8023:
7862:
7740:
7735:
7690:
7459:
6812:
6769:
6718:
6658:
6623:
6590:
6457:
6407:
6397:
6298:
6228:
6218:
6111:
6081:
5970:
5929:
5847:
5723:
5557:
5125:
4398:
Theodore R. Ferragut; Dale Harrington & Marcia Brink (July–August 2002).
2745:
2661:
has very few roads and no continent-bridging network, though there are a few
2567:
2467:
2424:
2385:
2371:
2356:
2206:
2202:
1800:
1788:
1764:
1746:
1706:
1593:
1577:
1446:
1358:
1231:
1141:
589:
363:
7230:
7083:
5172:
4917:
4690:
Pittsburgh Light Rail Transit Reconstruction: Environmental Impact Statement
4065:"Guidelines for rural road design and construction technical specifications"
2630:
1688:
and vegetation is removed from the borrow pit and stockpiled for subsequent
66:
8043:
8038:
8028:
8008:
7695:
7638:
7469:
7186:
7129:
7042:
6933:
6837:
6827:
6728:
6683:
6643:
6633:
6628:
6585:
6467:
6462:
6387:
6313:
6283:
6175:
6156:
6086:
5924:
5832:
5574:
5479:
5464:
5038:
Australia CCG 2004 Update: Economic Trends and Outlook (E. Infrastructure )
4936:
4403:
3180:"Annex 4. The road user and the law - The Highway Code - Guidance - GOV.UK"
2863:
2800:
are disconnected from each other and the main North American road network.
2696:
2310:
2252:
2213:
2089:
2011:
1996:
1967:
1963:
1952:
1938:
1926:
1876:
1850:
1796:
1783:
The completed roadway is finished by paving or left with a gravel or other
1742:
1554:
1543:
composed of cement-based material being applied during construction of the
1315:
1307:
1221:
925:
906:
867:
859:
736:
559:
511:
501:
436:
383:
338:
190:
185:
7095:
7030:
5225:
3317:
Street smart : competition, entrepreneurship, and the future of roads
2759:
In polar areas, disconnected settlements are often more easily reached by
1162:
870:
for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike
8053:
7750:
7633:
7572:
7141:
6807:
6452:
6442:
6417:
6342:
6253:
6206:
6201:
6151:
5956:
5888:
5857:
5443:
3551:
2901:
2723:
2389:
2352:
2342:
2113:
2031:
2019:
1971:
1918:
1862:
1768:
1758:
1662:
1654:
1638:
1615:
considerations have been addressed alignment of the road is set out by a
1507:
1242:
1127:
1047:
471:
446:
308:
268:
82:
7192:
7117:
7018:
5019:"Why do some countries drive on the right and others on the left ?"
4266:
S.Kameyama; M. Kato; A. Kawamura; K. Himeno; A. Kasahara (August 2002).
4173:
Glossary: Princes Highway, Traralgon Bypass – Planning Assessment Report
3530:"The "Milano-Laghi" by Piero Puricelli, the first motorway in the world"
810:
7877:
7857:
7745:
7557:
7552:
7474:
7464:
7345:
7090:
7010:
6797:
6673:
6546:
6482:
6447:
6427:
6308:
6278:
6248:
6188:
6136:
5788:
5504:
5484:
5408:
4829:
4805:
4518:"State Aid Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation Best Practices Manual 2006"
2760:
2741:
2715:
2658:
2432:
2338:
1681:
1673:
1511:
1463:
1369:
that led to the demise of the system in 1844, which coincided with the
1319:
1311:
1269:
1183:
1156:
1152:
933:
898:
756:
696:
506:
496:
368:
298:
155:
4951:
3198:"Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 – 142 General interpretation of Act"
1212:
ever built in the world, in 1925, the year following its inauguration.
8033:
8013:
7899:
7715:
7700:
7316:
7258:
7058:
6668:
6515:
6402:
6362:
6352:
6347:
6238:
6106:
6101:
5951:
5870:
5827:
5778:
5768:
5763:
5753:
4998:
4265:
3756:"London's earliest timber structure found during Belmarsh prison dig"
2839:
2719:
2654:
2614:
2513:
2478:
2393:
2360:
2306:
2015:
1900:
1823:
1784:
1714:
1634:
1616:
1494:
1489:
1481:
1442:
1338:
1326:
1254:
1083:
937:
786:
481:
100:
45:
5250:"People's Daily Online – China to build more highways in 2007"
4974:
The Rule of the Road: An International Guide to History and Practice
4707:
The Ecology of Transportation: Managing Mobility for the Environment
4274:. International Society for Asphalt Pavements. 09044. Archived from
3617:
3382:"AVUS 100: EIN RASANTES JAHRHUNDERT - by Schulz Ulf, Wedemeyer Sven"
2056:
Older concrete pavements that develop faults can be repaired with a
8063:
7950:
7680:
7655:
7582:
7499:
7165:
6861:
6856:
6688:
6437:
6432:
6293:
6258:
6196:
5842:
5817:
5642:
5423:
5403:
5393:
2815:, and roads (if present) might be used by bicycles or pedestrians.
2785:
2662:
2618:
2610:
2397:
2348:
2302:
2128:
2124:
2050:
1772:
1646:
1608:
1499:
1362:
1175:
1079:
1071:
1059:
989:
963:
917:
622:
541:
441:
388:
210:
140:
49:
7218:
7206:
5146:. European Communities, Transportation. 2007-02-15. Archived from
3833:
3570:
2419:
1816:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
8003:
7975:
7660:
7587:
7577:
7567:
7562:
7270:
7242:
6759:
6743:
6412:
6263:
5773:
5748:
5585:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
5515:
5494:
5341:
4179:
3060:. National Department of Transport (South Africa). Archived from
3025:
2797:
2793:
2768:
2764:
2670:
2330:
2260:
2256:
1992:
1975:
1946:
1888:
1884:
1697:
1685:
1642:
1589:
1581:
1559:
1485:
1421:
1385:
1330:
1281:
921:
902:
894:
882:
863:
373:
90:
7153:
4781:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Department of Civil Engineering.
2803:
Road transport of people and cargo by may also be obstructed by
1596:) and followed by the laying of pavement material. A variety of
1467:, contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges.
7985:
7980:
7970:
7960:
7892:
7665:
7613:
7423:
7266:
7182:
7105:
6866:
6536:
5946:
5909:
5448:
5438:
5383:
4426:"Fly Ash Concrete Design for Chicago's 100-Year Road Structure"
4149:
Step by Step Guide: How to Lay a Gravel Driveway | Mainland Ltd
3877:
3875:
2322:
2006:
techniques to continually monitor road conditions and schedule
1734:
1666:
1658:
1417:
1303:
in which the horse follows a cleared path along the river bank.
1273:
1272:, which was one of the finest highways of its time, connecting
1171:
993:
871:
431:
215:
95:
7006:
4495:. Washington State Department of Transportation. February 2013
4249:"World cities turn their streets over to walkers and cyclists"
4062:
3498:"The motorway that built Italy: Piero Puricelli's masterpiece"
2275:
to certain aspects of road conditions in their coverage area.
7438:
5469:
5418:
5388:
4299:
The Motorway Achievement: Frontiers of Knowledge and Practice
2789:
2564:
Thruway, New York to Pennsylvania Line – $ 1,547,000 per mile
2314:
2117:
2106:
2085:
1942:
1791:
surface is dependent on economic factors and expected usage.
1730:
1624:
1438:
1389:
1381:
1296:
1285:
1217:
1147:
1131:
971:
726:
150:
105:
7254:
7054:
3984:
3872:
1909:
1325:
In the 8th century AD, many roads were built throughout the
7433:
7428:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7393:
4350:
Newcomb, David E.; Willis, Richard; Timm, David H. (2010).
3319:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. p. 80.
2796:
are sparsely connected. For example, all 25 communities of
2351:
chemicals and sand can run off into roadsides, contaminate
2326:
2298:
2244:
2142:
1754:
1750:
1519:
1396:
1292:
1277:
1167:
913:
240:
170:
160:
4289:
2948:
Ways of the world Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.
2178:
Lane markers in some countries and states are marked with
6377:
5398:
5067:
Maps, Reports and history of gas tax in the United States
3855:"Horses and Canals 1760–1960 The people & the horses"
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3550:
Helbing, D.; Molnär, P.; Farkas, I.J.; Bolay, K. (2001).
3416:"Avus highway | German expressway | Britannica"
2216:
can improve road traffic safety and reduce the number of
1880:
1334:
766:
120:
4650:
e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries
4376:
4153:] at www.mainlandaggregates.co.uk. Retrieved 25 Jan 2015
3549:
3359:
3357:
2788:
in Russia, and many roads in Scandinavia (though due to
1987:
with an expected structural life in excess of 50 years.
1498:
Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A)
1424:. Opened in 1921, it was the first automobile-only road.
5132:
5092:"International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association"
4772:"Effects of Road Deicing Salts on Groundwater Systems."
4070:. Western Australia (The Last Frontier). Archived from
3658:
2834:
that would connect Eurasia-Africa and North America, a
1174:, the first automobile-only road and forerunner of the
1074:, is payable on some vehicles used on the public road.
4637:
Icctp 2011: Towards Sustainable Transportation Systems
4464:. Transportation Association of Canada. Archived from
3687:
2677:
to be connected to a continental network by road (the
2470:
using taxation although implementation may be through
2160:
Careful design and construction of roads can increase
1641:
and environmental considerations are a major concern.
957:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
4316:
4295:
3399:"AVUS-Tribüne (Automobile Traffic and Practice Road)"
3354:
3039:. Dictionary.com (Lexico Publishing Group, LLC). 2007
3033:"What is the difference between a road and a street?"
2516:, waterways that lent themselves to use by shipping.
1533:
is the native material underneath a constructed road.
5219:"National Highways Development Project: An Overview"
5091:
4893:"Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors"
4490:"Dowel Bars for New and Existing Concrete Pavements"
3672:. Current Archaeology. February 2001. Archived from
2853:
4012:
3733:. Archaeology.about.com. 2009-08-15. Archived from
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2637:. Eurasia and Africa are connected by roads on the
2504:Society depends heavily on efficient roads. In the
2293:
Air pollution along Pasadena Highway in Los Angeles
1461:and was inaugurated in 1924. This motorway, called
5171:. New York State Thruway Authority. Archived from
5025:
4703:
4423:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
3637:
2929:
2210:surrounding landscape, it may result in flooding.
5031:
4890:
4349:
3994:. Kitsap County, Washington. 2006. Archived from
3524:
3522:
3520:
2882:Issue tracking systems for reporting road defects
2186:For major roads risk can be reduced by providing
1913:"Road works ahead" sign, typically used in Europe
1392:, in 1928 was very much focused on creating jobs.
8078:
4965:
4648:Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Karl Jonas, Idris A. Rai,
2914:
2305:running off of roads tends to pick up gasoline,
1633:Roads are designed and built for primary use by
1337:. Tar was derived from petroleum, accessed from
4897:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4852:"Traffic-related Air Pollution near Busy Roads"
4770:Charles Seawell and Newland Agbenowosi (1998).
4196:"New active travel schemes - Wiltshire Council"
4063:Shire of Wyndham East Kimberly (October 2006).
4041:
3926:
3847:
3559:Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design
3365:"AVUS Berlin: A most remarkable street circuit"
3290:"The Public Nature of Indian Reservation Roads"
2982:"Illustrated Glossary for Transport Statistics"
2408:
2388:. Concentrations of air pollutants and adverse
2084:The process consists of pumping a cementitious
1341:in the region, through the chemical process of
1216:The assertion that the first pathways were the
1104:In the United States, laws distinguish between
4943:
4563:"Minimize Wheel-Slap: Keep Your Joints Narrow"
4446:
4322:
3702:
3585:
3517:
3491:
3489:
2226:World report on road traffic injury prevention
1592:, and removal of vegetation (this may involve
1276:(the westernmost major city of the empire) to
6949:
5531:
5357:
5325:Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency
4704:Davenport, John; Davenport, Julia L. (2006).
4359:. Lanham, Maryland: Asphalt Pavement Alliance
3458:(in German). Marburg: Jonas. pp. 22–47.
2828:intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links
2748:is connected to the European road network by
1576:, overcoming geographic obstacles and having
1329:. The most sophisticated roads were those in
975:Glossary for Transport Statistics Illustrated
835:
6963:
3912:(2nd ed.). Knowledge House Publishers.
3822:
3453:
3433:(in German). Berlin: Links. pp. 31–32.
3428:
2278:
4844:
4731:Burton, G. Allen Jr.; Pitt, Robert (2001).
4100:Constructing roads into forestry work areas
4088:
3907:
3808:. Cambridge University Press. p. 178.
3486:
2543:(Delaware Extension) – $ 1,970,000 per mile
1669:, river or the sea for drainage discharge.
1234:(log roads) are found dating to 4000 BC in
6956:
6942:
5538:
5524:
5364:
5350:
5268:"Expressways Being Built at Frenetic Pace"
4999:"Which side of the road do they drive on?"
4990:
4730:
4391:
4272:ISAP 9th Conference Titles & Abstracts
3938:Rebecca and her daughters come to Rhayader
3881:
3832:. The Horseboating Society. Archived from
3640:"World's Oldest Paved Road Found in Egypt"
3495:
3081:
842:
828:
4952:"Why In Britain Do We Drive On The Left?"
4926:
4916:
4710:. Springer Science & Business Media.
3940:. Victorian Powys for Schools. March 2002
3801:
3769:
3216:
3214:
3156:"What is the legal definition of a road?"
2576:(early construction) – $ 736,000 per mile
1905:Road surface § Surface deterioration
1318:and covering 78,000 kilometers or 52,964
1264:started an extensive road system for the
4876:"Road Dust – Something To Sneeze About."
4353:Perpetual Asphalt Pavements: A Synthesis
4142:
4020:"Washington State County Road Standards"
3610:
3429:Schütz, Erhard; Gruber, Eckhard (1996).
3410:
3408:
3393:
3391:
3338:
3336:
3314:
2974:
2605:
2418:
2288:
2239:
2149:
1951:
1908:
1705:(generally 90–95% relative compaction).
1653:joints in the road easement with runoff
1553:
1535:
1493:
1189:
1161:
1146:
1135:
893:(freeways, motorways, and expressways),
36:
7925:
5034:"International Market Research Reports"
4971:
4612:
4512:
4510:
4417:
4121:"Volvo Construction Equipment (Europe)"
3480:"Autobahn History - German-Autobahn.eu"
3376:
3374:
3287:
3132:"What Is a road? | NZ Transport Agency"
2846:to connect Europe and Africa directly.
2123:Common stabilization materials include
1433:("Lakes Motorway") in Italy, the first
14:
8079:
5111:
4435:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3599:. wheathampstead.net. 24 February 2003
3211:
2887:List of countries by road network size
2822:, and a road was completed in 2013 to
2601:
2588:List of countries by road network size
1883:are increasingly being repurposed for
1814:According to a May 2009 report by the
1096:can be used to cover the wider usage.
912:The primary features of roads include
6937:
6634:Median / Central reservation
5519:
5345:
5295:Tracking Africa's Progress in Figures
5084:
5055:
4996:
4803:
4617:Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach
4259:
4113:
3901:
3775:
3405:
3388:
3333:
2519:
2067:
1657:and characteristics adequate for the
1403:
4507:
4424:ISG Resources, Inc (December 2003).
4214:"Reclaiming city streets for people"
3731:"Oldest Trackway found in Plumstead"
3496:Lenarduzzi, Thea (30 January 2016).
3371:
3271:"Local government law – Highway law"
2699:with the continental United States.
1371:development of the UK railway system
1108:, which are open to public use, and
4949:
4663:IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium
3992:"Kitsap County Road Standards 2006"
2927:
2767:in cold weather, which can produce
2321:. Road runoff is a major source of
2317:and other pollutants and result in
1365:from 1839 to 1844 contributed to a
1200:("Lakes Highway"; now parts of the
24:
6552:Risk compensation (road transport)
5545:
5371:
5063:"State and Federal Gasoline Taxes"
4739:. New York: CRC/Lewis Publishers.
4676:Field Guide to Covering Local News
4379:"Perpetual Pavement Award Winners"
2780:to the North Slope of Alaska, the
2686:which side of the road to drive on
2396:kicked up by vehicles may trigger
2235:
2014:. These measurements include road
1178:. It served as an inspiration for
1112:, which are privately controlled.
25:
8108:
6974:Offshore geotechnical engineering
5040:. Industry Canada. Archived from
3638:John Noble Wildord (1994-05-08).
2773:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2341:byproducts of gasoline and other
2190:from properties and local roads,
1027:
983:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
7265:
7253:
7241:
7229:
7217:
7205:
7191:
7181:
7164:
7152:
7140:
7128:
7116:
7104:
7082:
7053:
7041:
7029:
7017:
7005:
6918:Glossary of road transport terms
5309:
5286:
5032:www.stat-usa.gov/ (2006-02-28).
4790:University of Minnesota (2009).
4296:Ron Bridle; John Porter (2002).
3620:. Icknield Way Association. 2004
3593:"Marshalls Heath Nature Reserve"
3288:Leonard, M Brent. (April 2017).
2872:Glossary of road transport terms
2856:
2830:have been proposed, including a
2335:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2135:
1826:caused by poor road conditions.
1580:low enough to permit vehicle or
1140:Pingle Longshan ancient road in
1099:
809:
799:
798:
65:
5260:
5242:
5211:
5186:
5161:
5105:
5011:
4884:
4869:
4797:
4784:
4764:
4724:
4697:
4681:
4668:
4655:
4642:
4635:Yafeng Yin, Jian Lu, Wei Wang,
4629:
4606:
4596:
4587:
4555:
4542:
4482:
4370:
4343:
4323:O'Flaherty, Coleman A. (2002).
4302:. Thomas Telford. p. 252.
4241:
4223:
4206:
4188:
4166:
4157:
3967:
3951:
3882:Hart-Davis, Adam (2001-06-01).
3795:
3748:
3723:
3703:O'Flaherty, Coleman A. (2002).
3631:
3543:
3472:
3447:
3422:
3308:
3281:
3263:
3241:
3231:
3190:
3172:
3148:
2987:. International Transport Forum
2961:"Glossary of Statistical Terms"
2633:, the only interruption in the
2230:World Health Organization (WHO)
1856:
1471:
1437:built in the world, connecting
772:Spanish autovias and autopistas
4810:Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
4377:Asphalt Pavement Association.
3124:
3100:
3075:
3006:"Road Traffic Convention 1968"
2998:
2953:
2811:Some places are intentionally
2285:Environmental impacts of roads
1894:
1749:and be free of large lumps of
1600:is employed in road building.
1478:Hermes Road Measurement System
1018:
947:
13:
1:
7624:Mechanically stabilized earth
6900:Pavement performance modeling
6890:International roughness index
4127:. Volvo. 2007. Archived from
3805:The Cambridge Ancient History
2907:
2596:National Trunk Highway System
2580:
2494:design/build/operate/maintain
2403:
2337:(PAHs), which are created as
2078:concrete pavement restoration
1966:are designed for an expected
1725:(CBR) results and have a low
782:Power transmission in the USA
633:Brazilian energy independence
294:European green infrastructure
7376:Hydraulic conductivity tests
6895:Present serviceability index
6689:Sidewalk / Pavement
6234:Diamond grinding of pavement
4151:Gravel Driveway Construction
3910:The Miracle of Islam Science
3888:Discovering Roman Technology
3758:. Eurekalert.org. 2009-08-12
2936:. Rutgers University Press.
2844:Strait of Gibraltar crossing
2497:design/build/finance/operate
2446:
2415:Right- and left-hand traffic
2409:Right- and left-hand traffic
2366:Roads are a chief source of
2132:have sensitive dial gauges.
1568:requires the creation of an
1310:built straight strong stone
999:
522:Transit-oriented development
7:
7937:Stress distribution in soil
6867:Underpass / Tunnel
6862:Overpass / Flyover
6616:High-occupancy vehicle lane
6506:Driving under the influence
5580:Freeway / Motorway
4806:"Analysis of highway noise"
4693:. The Administration. 1979.
3294:American Indian Law Journal
3222:"The road user and the law"
2849:
2665:between bases, such as the
2485:Public-private partnerships
2247:causing bad road conditions
1572:continuous right-of-way or
682:British offshore wind-power
10:
8113:
7087:Pore pressure measurement
5794:Highway systems by country
4804:Hogan, C. Michael (1973).
2892:List of roads and highways
2547:Northern Indiana Toll Road
2450:
2412:
2282:
2153:
2100:
1983:pavements are designed as
1898:
1860:
1475:
1457:motorways, was devised by
1125:
1119:
1115:
1046:. For the purposes of the
1003:
891:controlled-access highways
344:Public–private partnership
29:
7994:
7949:
7848:
7840:Preconsolidation pressure
7812:
7803:
7776:
7596:
7545:
7532:
7447:
7401:
7392:
7315:
7235:Standard penetration test
6993:
6980:
6971:
6913:
6905:Granular base equivalency
6875:
6846:
6752:
6724:Traffic signal preemption
6569:
6529:
6491:
6333:
6322:
6174:
6132:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
6061:
6038:Single-point urban (SPUI)
5978:
5969:
5897:
5802:
5716:
5598:
5565:
5556:
5457:
5379:
5140:"Road Transport (Europe)"
4329:. Elsevier. p. 252.
4096:"Road Building Equipment"
3784:. Iran Chamber of Society
2838:to the largest island of
2704:settlements have no roads
2477:). or occasionally using
2279:Environmental performance
2192:grade separated junctions
1435:controlled-access highway
1210:controlled-access highway
1122:History of road transport
777:Transcontinental Railroad
658:Curtiba rapid bus transit
7336:California bearing ratio
7134:Rotary-pressure sounding
6965:Geotechnical engineering
6885:Pavement condition index
6611:High-occupancy toll lane
6606:Contraflow lane reversal
6581:Barrier transfer machine
5303:African Development Bank
4613:Neteler, Markus (2007).
4400:"Road Map to the Future"
3802:Boederman, John (1997).
3315:Levinson, David (2006).
2702:Even on mainlands, some
1733:) should be composed of
1723:California bearing ratio
1637:and pedestrian traffic.
1343:destructive distillation
1333:, which were paved with
1268:(Persia), including the
747:San Francisco Bay Bridge
7756:Geosynthetic clay liner
7731:Expanded clay aggregate
7351:Proctor compaction test
7292:Crosshole sonic logging
7278:Nuclear densometer test
7035:Geo-electrical sounding
5739:Express-collector setup
4972:Kincaid, Peter (1986).
4918:10.1073/pnas.0906548107
3670:Current Archaeology 172
3618:"The Icknield Way Path"
2928:Lay, Maxwell G (1992).
2695:connecting many of the
2590:. When looking only at
2382:Motor vehicle emissions
2218:road traffic casualties
2205:such as road signs and
1805:raised pavement markers
1598:road building equipment
1449:, and now parts of the
1416:), is a public road in
1361:in Carmarthenshire and
1306:From about 312 BC, the
762:Spanish high-speed rail
702:Hong Kong Int'l Airport
687:Nuclear power in France
653:China's high-speed rail
628:Bicycle parking station
116:Critical infrastructure
8019:Earthquake engineering
7830:Lateral earth pressure
7455:Hydraulic conductivity
7306:Wave equation analysis
7285:Exploration geophysics
7177:Deformation monitoring
7146:Rotary weight sounding
6923:Road types by features
6818:Raised pavement marker
6785:Constant-slope barrier
6709:Traffic directionality
6699:Street running railway
6122:Protected intersection
2832:Bering Strait crossing
2722:, or those capable of
2647:Scandinavian Peninsula
2626:
2570:– $ 1,352,000 per mile
2561:– $ 1,600,000 per mile
2559:Massachusetts Turnpike
2555:– $ 1,720,000 per mile
2549:– $ 1,790,000 per mile
2537:– $ 2,200,000 per mile
2531:– $ 3,449,000 per mile
2428:
2427:with left-hand traffic
2294:
2248:
2167:On neighborhood roads
2008:preventive maintenance
1960:
1914:
1562:
1551:
1522:
1213:
1187:
1159:
1144:
1032:In the United Kingdom
862:for the conveyance of
816:Engineering portal
692:Solar power in Germany
663:Cycling infrastructure
580:Mechanical engineering
274:Build–operate–transfer
52:
7197:Settlement recordings
7122:Rock control drilling
7023:Cone penetration test
6780:Concrete step barrier
6117:Offset T-intersection
4997:Lucas, Brian (2005).
3884:"Roads and surveying"
2836:Malacca Strait Bridge
2714:vehicles, those with
2609:
2574:Pennsylvania Turnpike
2541:Pennsylvania Turnpike
2422:
2292:
2259:, road markings, and
2243:
2150:Safety considerations
1955:
1912:
1795:improvements such as
1558:Road construction in
1557:
1539:
1527:transport engineering
1497:
1401:German pronunciation:
1193:
1165:
1150:
1139:
1126:Further information:
1006:Highways in Australia
618:Trans-Alaska pipeline
374:Replacement (upgrade)
324:Life-cycle assessment
304:Engineering contracts
40:
32:Road (disambiguation)
8059:Agricultural science
7761:Cellular confinement
6823:Road surface marking
6521:Single-vehicle crash
6244:Full depth recycling
6142:Seagull intersection
4200:www.wiltshire.gov.uk
3908:Kasem Ajram (1992).
3861:. Canal Junction Ltd
2728:amphibious operation
2708:developing countries
2645:is connected to the
2635:Pan-American Highway
2553:Garden State Parkway
2529:Connecticut Turnpike
1809:road surface marking
1430:Autostrada dei Laghi
1197:Autostrada dei Laghi
722:Kansai Int'l Airport
613:Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
565:Chemical engineering
467:Mobile data terminal
319:Green infrastructure
30:For other uses, see
7951:Numerical analysis
7835:Overburden pressure
7825:Pore water pressure
7605:Shoring structures
7480:Reynolds' dilatancy
7381:Water content tests
7366:Triaxial shear test
7326:Soil classification
7299:Pile integrity test
6649:Pedestrian crossing
6212:Reinforced concrete
6048:Three-level diamond
5759:Two-lane expressway
5744:Farm-to-market road
5305:. 2014. p. 71.
5169:"Thruway Fact Book"
4976:. Greenwood Press.
4909:2010PNAS..107.3382U
4822:1973WASP....2..387H
4102:. Caterpillar. 2007
3934:"The Rebecca Riots"
3112:legislation.govt.nz
2877:Highway engineering
2667:South Pole Traverse
2602:Global connectivity
2535:New Jersey Turnpike
2506:European Union (EU)
2458:Transport economics
2453:Transport economics
2265:autonomous vehicles
2162:road traffic safety
2156:Road traffic safety
2116:. Next, a two-part
2105:Ground penetrating
2004:pavement management
1985:perpetual pavements
1807:and other forms of
1680:may be required to
1068:Vehicle Excise Duty
940:(cycle paths), and
909:, and local roads.
879:many types of roads
866:that mostly has an
712:Interstate highways
542:Wireless technology
407:Air traffic control
7926:Slab stabilisation
7906:Stability analysis
6679:Runaway truck ramp
6501:Driver's education
6289:Rubberized asphalt
6224:Crocodile cracking
6147:Split intersection
5915:Hierarchy of roads
5876:Single carriageway
4830:10.1007/BF00159677
4777:2009-05-21 at the
4235:www.irishtimes.com
3645:The New York Times
3348:Stadtmuseum Berlin
3160:drivingtests.co.nz
3088:legislation.gov.au
2963:. OECD. 2004-02-26
2752:– an example of a
2750:Eurotunnel Shuttle
2688:vary accordingly.
2681:to Saudi Arabia).
2679:King Fahd Causeway
2643:European Peninsula
2627:
2623:North Ostrobothnia
2520:Construction costs
2429:
2295:
2249:
2222:traffic collisions
2068:Slab stabilization
2058:dowel bar retrofit
2051:surface treatments
1961:
1915:
1867:Street reclamation
1831:single carriageway
1745:below a specified
1717:should be free of
1563:
1552:
1523:
1262:Darius I the Great
1214:
1188:
1160:
1145:
732:Offshore wind port
648:Chicago wastewater
517:Traffic congestion
427:Congestion pricing
166:Pipeline transport
146:Irrigation schemes
111:Coastal management
53:
8074:
8073:
7945:
7944:
7921:Sliding criterion
7883:Response spectrum
7799:
7798:
7629:Pressure grouting
7528:
7527:
7388:
7387:
7341:Direct shear test
7047:Permeability test
6931:
6930:
6739:Wide outside lane
6565:
6564:
6542:Automotive safety
6423:Road slipperiness
6170:
6169:
6018:Diverging diamond
5965:
5964:
5881:Single-track road
5823:Bicycle boulevard
5513:
5512:
5475:Civil engineering
5317:"How to Get Here"
5114:Civil Engineering
4983:978-0-313-25249-5
4746:978-0-87371-924-7
4717:978-1-4020-4504-2
4336:978-0-7506-5090-8
4309:978-0-7277-3197-5
4255:. April 11, 2020.
3919:978-0-911119-43-5
3859:Horse Drawn Boats
3815:978-0-521-22804-6
3776:Lendering, Jona.
3716:978-0-7506-5090-8
2943:978-0-8135-2691-1
2842:from Asia, and a
2820:Annapurna Circuit
2754:car shuttle train
2500:build/own/operate
2423:A city street in
2269:self-driving cars
1871:Car-free movement
1678:local authorities
1566:Road construction
1350:Highways Act 1555
1266:Achaemenid Empire
1056:England and Wales
1052:Highways Act 1980
852:
851:
717:Jamnagar Refinery
707:Intercity Express
677:Danish wind-power
477:Rapid bus transit
462:Land-use planning
226:Telecommunication
42:Bundesautobahn 73
16:(Redirected from
8104:
7933:Bearing capacity
7820:Effective stress
7810:
7809:
7711:Land reclamation
7651:Land development
7546:Natural features
7543:
7542:
7510:Specific storage
7399:
7398:
7331:Atterberg limits
7269:
7257:
7245:
7233:
7221:
7209:
7195:
7185:
7170:Screw plate test
7168:
7156:
7144:
7132:
7120:
7108:
7086:
7057:
7045:
7033:
7021:
7009:
6991:
6990:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6935:
6934:
6775:Cat's eye (road)
6596:Complete streets
6368:Dead Man's Curve
6331:
6330:
6269:Pavement milling
6184:Asphalt concrete
6127:Quadrant roadway
6068:
5990:
5976:
5975:
5942:Street hierarchy
5590:Elevated highway
5563:
5562:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5517:
5516:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5343:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5300:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5270:. Archived from
5264:
5258:
5257:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5224:. Archived from
5223:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5196:. Archived from
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:. April 16, 2007
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4920:
4888:
4882:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4782:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4749:. Archived from
4728:
4722:
4721:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4653:
4646:
4640:
4639:(2011), p. 1807.
4633:
4627:
4626:
4620:
4610:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4574:
4568:. Archived from
4567:
4559:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4523:. Archived from
4522:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4459:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4358:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4192:
4186:
4182:at The State of
4170:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4060:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4000:
3988:
3982:
3971:
3965:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3700:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3556:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3526:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3251:. Archived from
3245:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3082:Infrastructure.
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2935:
2925:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2738:roll-on/roll-off
2712:four-wheel drive
2693:Overseas Highway
2253:pavement surface
2047:diamond grinding
1937:weighing 80,000
1820:fuel consumption
1727:plasticity index
1518:F) Fine-grained
1415:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1405:[ˈaːvʊs]
1402:
1367:Royal Commission
1301:horse-drawn boat
1251:dendrochronology
1064:Northern Ireland
1035:The Highway Code
942:shared-use paths
924:(carriageways),
868:improved surface
844:
837:
830:
814:
813:
802:
801:
752:Three Gorges Dam
742:Port of Shanghai
585:Public economics
422:Containerization
417:Carbon footprint
401:Issues and ideas
279:Design–bid–build
259:Asset management
206:Sewage treatment
72:Grand Coulee Dam
69:
55:
54:
21:
8112:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8049:Earth materials
7990:
7952:
7941:
7850:
7844:
7795:
7772:
7726:Earth structure
7721:Erosion control
7619:Ground freezing
7609:Retaining walls
7592:
7534:
7524:
7485:Angle of repose
7443:
7384:
7318:
7311:
7310:
7271:Visible bedrock
7223:Simple sounding
7211:Shear vane test
6987:instrumentation
6986:
6984:
6976:
6967:
6962:
6932:
6927:
6909:
6877:
6871:
6842:
6833:Traffic barrier
6793:F-Shape barrier
6748:
6704:Traffic calming
6664:Reversible lane
6654:Pedestrian zone
6639:Motorcycle lane
6601:Contraflow lane
6573:time allocation
6572:
6561:
6557:Underride guard
6525:
6487:
6373:Expansion joint
6335:
6325:
6318:
6304:Stamped asphalt
6166:
6097:Continuous flow
6070:
6066:
6065:
6057:
5991:
5987:grade-separated
5984:
5983:
5961:
5920:Private highway
5893:
5798:
5712:
5594:
5552:
5544:
5514:
5509:
5453:
5375:
5370:
5340:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5321:Nunavut Tourism
5315:
5314:
5310:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5203:
5201:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5178:
5176:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5153:
5151:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5076:
5074:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5047:
5045:
5030:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5003:
5001:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4970:
4966:
4957:
4955:
4948:
4944:
4889:
4885:
4874:
4870:
4861:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4802:
4798:
4789:
4785:
4779:Wayback Machine
4769:
4765:
4756:
4754:
4747:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4702:
4698:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4673:
4669:
4665:(2005), p. 154.
4660:
4656:
4652:(2012), p. 141.
4647:
4643:
4634:
4630:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4547:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4457:
4451:
4447:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4409:
4407:
4396:
4392:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4371:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4294:
4290:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4260:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4004:
4002:
4001:on July 9, 2006
3998:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3972:
3968:
3956:
3952:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3906:
3902:
3893:
3891:
3880:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3785:
3782:History of Iran
3774:
3770:
3761:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3701:
3688:
3679:
3677:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3648:
3636:
3632:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3554:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3503:The Independent
3494:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3440:978-386153117-3
3427:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3367:. 28 June 2018.
3363:
3362:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3286:
3282:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3255:on 2010-04-03.
3247:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3092:
3090:
3080:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2926:
2915:
2910:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2805:border controls
2639:Sinai Peninsula
2604:
2583:
2522:
2455:
2449:
2437:traffic circles
2417:
2411:
2406:
2368:noise pollution
2319:water pollution
2287:
2281:
2238:
2236:Road conditions
2196:median dividers
2173:safety barriers
2169:traffic calming
2158:
2152:
2138:
2103:
2070:
1935:tractor-trailer
1923:AASHO Road Test
1907:
1897:
1873:
1859:
1811:are installed.
1721:, meet minimum
1492:
1474:
1459:Piero Puricelli
1409:
1408:
1400:
1354:turnpike trusts
1322:of paved roads.
1180:Piero Puricelli
1155:, an important
1134:
1124:
1118:
1102:
1090:, and the term
1054:, which covers
1030:
1021:
1008:
1002:
950:
848:
808:
791:
767:French TGV rail
638:Brooklyn Bridge
609:
608:
599:
556:
555:
554:Fields of study
546:
532:Waste-to-energy
527:Fuel efficiency
492:Reverse osmosis
457:Hybrid vehicles
452:High-speed rail
403:
402:
393:
314:Government debt
255:
254:
245:
136:Hazardous waste
87:
86:
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8110:
8100:
8099:
8097:Types of roads
8094:
8092:Infrastructure
8089:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8000:
7998:
7996:Related fields
7992:
7991:
7989:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7930:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7916:Classification
7913:
7908:
7897:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7888:Seismic hazard
7885:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7816:
7814:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7788:
7782:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7770:
7765:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7602:
7600:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7549:
7547:
7540:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7522:
7517:
7515:Shear strength
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7490:Friction angle
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7403:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7371:Oedometer test
7368:
7363:
7361:Sieve analysis
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7321:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7295:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7262:
7261:
7250:
7249:
7247:Total sounding
7238:
7237:
7226:
7225:
7214:
7213:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7189:
7173:
7172:
7161:
7160:
7149:
7148:
7137:
7136:
7125:
7124:
7113:
7112:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7093:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7050:
7049:
7038:
7037:
7026:
7025:
7014:
7013:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6988:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6961:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6881:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6803:Jersey barrier
6800:
6795:
6790:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6734:Unused highway
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6714:Traffic island
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6511:Drowsy driving
6508:
6503:
6497:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6393:Level crossing
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6328:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6092:Channelization
6089:
6084:
6079:
6077:3-way junction
6073:
6071:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5992:
5979:
5973:
5971:Road junctions
5967:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5935:business route
5932:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5863:Primitive road
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5734:County highway
5731:
5729:Collector road
5726:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5703:United Kingdom
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5638:Czech Republic
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5567:Limited-access
5560:
5554:
5553:
5543:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5373:Infrastructure
5369:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5346:
5338:
5337:
5308:
5285:
5274:on 1 July 2007
5259:
5241:
5210:
5185:
5160:
5131:
5104:
5083:
5054:
5024:
5010:
4989:
4982:
4964:
4942:
4903:(8): 3382–87.
4883:
4879:Science Daily,
4868:
4843:
4816:(3): 387–392.
4796:
4783:
4763:
4745:
4723:
4716:
4696:
4680:
4667:
4654:
4641:
4628:
4605:
4595:
4586:
4554:
4541:
4506:
4481:
4445:
4416:
4390:
4369:
4342:
4335:
4315:
4308:
4288:
4258:
4240:
4222:
4219:. 22 May 2024.
4205:
4187:
4178:2013-05-01 at
4165:
4156:
4141:
4112:
4087:
4040:
4011:
3983:
3966:
3950:
3925:
3918:
3900:
3871:
3846:
3830:"Horseboating"
3821:
3814:
3794:
3768:
3747:
3722:
3715:
3686:
3657:
3630:
3609:
3584:
3542:
3516:
3485:
3471:
3464:
3446:
3439:
3421:
3404:
3387:
3370:
3353:
3332:
3325:
3307:
3280:
3262:
3240:
3230:
3210:
3189:
3171:
3147:
3123:
3099:
3074:
3049:
3024:
2997:
2973:
2952:
2942:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2897:Road transport
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2851:
2848:
2778:Dalton Highway
2675:island country
2651:Øresund Bridge
2603:
2600:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2521:
2518:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2463:induced demand
2451:Main article:
2448:
2445:
2413:Main article:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2376:engine braking
2372:Noise barriers
2357:surface waters
2283:Main article:
2280:
2277:
2237:
2234:
2188:limited access
2151:
2148:
2137:
2134:
2102:
2099:
2069:
2066:
1959:in rural India
1896:
1893:
1858:
1855:
1801:crash barriers
1690:rehabilitation
1639:Storm drainage
1603:After design,
1588:, bridges and
1541:Sub-base layer
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1425:
1393:
1377:
1374:
1346:
1323:
1304:
1289:
1258:
1239:
1232:Corduroy roads
1229:
1120:Main article:
1117:
1114:
1101:
1098:
1088:motor vehicles
1029:
1028:United Kingdom
1026:
1020:
1017:
1001:
998:
949:
946:
850:
849:
847:
846:
839:
832:
824:
821:
820:
819:
818:
806:
793:
792:
790:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
660:
655:
650:
645:
643:Channel Tunnel
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
606:
605:
604:
601:
600:
598:
597:
595:Urban planning
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
553:
552:
551:
548:
547:
545:
544:
539:
537:Weatherization
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
400:
399:
398:
395:
394:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
354:Public finance
351:
349:Public capital
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
181:Public housing
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
85:and facilities
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:
62:
61:
59:Infrastructure
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8109:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8024:Geomorphology
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7948:
7938:
7934:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7868:Consolidation
7866:
7864:
7863:Frost heaving
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7847:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7802:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7741:Geosynthetics
7739:
7737:
7736:Crushed stone
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7691:Cut-and-cover
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7599:
7595:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7541:
7538:
7531:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7460:Water content
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7320:
7314:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7239:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7158:Sample series
7155:
7151:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6992:
6989:
6983:
6982:Investigation
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6945:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6813:Noise barrier
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6770:Cable barrier
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6719:Traffic lanes
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6659:Refuge island
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6624:Living street
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:Climbing lane
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6568:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6493:Human factors
6490:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:Traffic light
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6408:Oversize load
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:Manhole cover
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6321:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6229:Crushed stone
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:Michigan left
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6064:Intersections
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6013:Directional T
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5930:special route
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:Frontage road
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5724:Arterial road
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5708:United States
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:Types of road
5555:
5551:
5548:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5362:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5304:
5297:
5296:
5289:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5231:on 2014-07-14
5227:
5220:
5214:
5200:on 2008-04-18
5199:
5195:
5189:
5175:on 2011-05-02
5174:
5170:
5164:
5150:on 2007-03-15
5149:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5093:
5087:
5073:on 2007-04-08
5072:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5044:on 2007-11-14
5043:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5020:
5014:
5000:
4993:
4985:
4979:
4975:
4968:
4954:. 2Pass.co.uk
4953:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4858:on 2009-04-02
4857:
4853:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4767:
4753:on 2009-05-19
4752:
4748:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4678:(2012), p. 1.
4677:
4674:Fred Bayles,
4671:
4664:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4638:
4632:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4609:
4599:
4590:
4575:on 2011-07-23
4571:
4564:
4558:
4551:
4545:
4539:Minnesota DOT
4530:on 2013-08-09
4526:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4491:
4485:
4471:on 2008-04-07
4467:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4406:on 2007-08-14
4405:
4401:
4394:
4380:
4373:
4355:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4292:
4278:on 2007-08-13
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4215:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4131:on 2006-10-27
4130:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4077:on 2007-07-10
4073:
4066:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4030:on 2007-09-27
4029:
4025:
4021:
4015:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3980:
3979:88-89219-23-8
3976:
3970:
3964:
3963:88-85382-37-1
3960:
3954:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3876:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3836:on 2018-04-29
3835:
3831:
3825:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3798:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3757:
3751:
3737:on 2013-05-21
3736:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3676:on 2007-03-11
3675:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3571:10.1068/b2697
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3481:
3475:
3467:
3465:9783922561125
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3326:9781315130330
3322:
3318:
3311:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3234:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3064:on 2007-09-27
3063:
3059:
3053:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2983:
2977:
2962:
2956:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:. Additional
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2746:Great Britain
2743:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:Ohio Turnpike
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2468:public sector
2464:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2425:Mumbai, India
2421:
2416:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2386:air pollution
2383:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2207:fire hydrants
2204:
2203:road fixtures
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2147:
2144:
2136:Joint sealing
2133:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2043:micro milling
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:profilometers
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:traffic signs
1872:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:traffic signs
1794:
1790:
1787:surface. The
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:Geosynthetics
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:particle size
1744:
1740:
1737:, decomposed
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:fill material
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:environmental
1611:, legal, and
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:deforestation
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:Lake Maggiore
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:Rebecca Riots
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1208:), the first
1207:
1206:Autostrada A9
1203:
1202:Autostrada A8
1199:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1142:Qionglai City
1138:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1110:private roads
1107:
1100:United States
1097:
1095:
1094:
1093:rights of way
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1007:
997:
995:
991:
986:
984:
979:
976:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
953:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
907:thoroughfares
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
845:
840:
838:
833:
831:
826:
825:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
805:
797:
796:
795:
794:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
672:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
603:
602:
596:
593:
591:
590:Public policy
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
550:
549:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
397:
396:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Public sector
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
264:Appropriation
262:
260:
257:
256:
249:
248:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
191:Public spaces
189:
187:
186:State schools
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
84:
78:
77:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
8044:Biogeography
8039:Hydrogeology
8029:Soil science
8009:Geochemistry
7768:Infiltration
7696:Cut and fill
7639:Soil nailing
7505:Permeability
7470:Bulk density
7187:Inclinometer
7110:Ram sounding
6995:
6838:Traffic cone
6828:Rumble strip
6729:Truck bypass
6684:Shared space
6644:Passing lane
6629:Managed lane
6586:Bicycle lane
6468:Washboarding
6463:Traffic sign
6388:Hairpin turn
6157:Texas U-turn
6087:Box junction
5981:Interchanges
5925:Route number
5833:Country lane
5575:Bike freeway
5546:
5480:Construction
5465:Architecture
5461:
5433:
5328:. Retrieved
5320:
5311:
5294:
5288:
5276:. Retrieved
5272:the original
5262:
5254:en.people.cn
5253:
5244:
5233:. Retrieved
5226:the original
5213:
5202:. Retrieved
5198:the original
5188:
5177:. Retrieved
5173:the original
5163:
5152:. Retrieved
5148:the original
5143:
5134:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5096:. Retrieved
5086:
5075:. Retrieved
5071:the original
5066:
5057:
5046:. Retrieved
5042:the original
5037:
5027:
5013:
5002:. Retrieved
4992:
4973:
4967:
4956:. Retrieved
4950:Ray (2007).
4945:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4878:
4871:
4860:. Retrieved
4856:the original
4846:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4786:
4766:
4755:. Retrieved
4751:the original
4736:
4726:
4706:
4699:
4689:
4683:
4675:
4670:
4662:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4636:
4631:
4616:
4608:
4598:
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4570:the original
4557:
4550:Better Roads
4549:
4544:
4532:. Retrieved
4525:the original
4497:. Retrieved
4484:
4473:. Retrieved
4466:the original
4461:
4448:
4437:. Retrieved
4432:
4419:
4408:. Retrieved
4404:the original
4393:
4382:. Retrieved
4372:
4361:. Retrieved
4352:
4345:
4325:
4318:
4298:
4291:
4280:. Retrieved
4276:the original
4271:
4261:
4253:the Guardian
4252:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4208:
4199:
4190:
4168:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4133:. Retrieved
4129:the original
4124:
4115:
4104:. Retrieved
4099:
4090:
4079:. Retrieved
4072:the original
4032:. Retrieved
4028:the original
4023:
4014:
4003:. Retrieved
3996:the original
3986:
3969:
3953:
3942:. Retrieved
3937:
3928:
3909:
3903:
3892:. Retrieved
3887:
3863:. Retrieved
3858:
3849:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:the original
3824:
3804:
3797:
3786:. Retrieved
3781:
3778:"Royal Road"
3771:
3760:. Retrieved
3750:
3739:. Retrieved
3735:the original
3725:
3709:. Elsevier.
3705:
3678:. Retrieved
3674:the original
3669:
3660:
3649:. Retrieved
3643:
3633:
3622:. Retrieved
3612:
3601:. Retrieved
3596:
3587:
3562:
3558:
3545:
3533:. Retrieved
3507:. Retrieved
3501:
3474:
3455:
3449:
3430:
3424:
3347:
3316:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3293:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3253:the original
3243:
3233:
3225:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3163:. Retrieved
3159:
3150:
3139:. Retrieved
3136:nzta.govt.nz
3135:
3126:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:
3102:
3091:. Retrieved
3087:
3077:
3066:. Retrieved
3062:the original
3052:
3041:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
3016:. Retrieved
3012:
3000:
2989:. Retrieved
2976:
2965:. Retrieved
2955:
2947:
2931:
2864:Roads portal
2824:Mêdog County
2817:
2810:
2802:
2758:
2735:
2732:
2701:
2697:Florida Keys
2690:
2683:
2673:is the only
2628:
2584:
2523:
2503:
2491:design/build
2483:
2456:
2441:
2430:
2380:
2365:
2355:and pollute
2347:
2343:fossil fuels
2311:heavy metals
2296:
2273:
2250:
2228:report, the
2225:
2214:Speed limits
2212:
2200:
2185:
2177:
2166:
2159:
2139:
2122:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2090:polyurethane
2083:
2074:infiltration
2071:
2062:
2055:
2040:
2001:
1997:Wacker Drive
1989:
1984:
1968:service life
1962:
1957:Line marking
1933:. A typical
1927:fourth power
1919:frost heaves
1916:
1874:
1857:Reallocation
1851:double track
1847:single track
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1813:
1789:type of road
1782:
1763:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1671:
1655:coefficients
1632:
1602:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1530:
1524:
1472:Construction
1462:
1428:
1308:Roman Empire
1247:timber track
1222:Icknield Way
1215:
1195:
1194:The Italian
1166:Part of the
1109:
1106:public roads
1105:
1103:
1091:
1076:
1072:road use tax
1043:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1009:
987:
980:
974:
961:
954:
951:
920:(pavement),
911:
881:, including
876:
860:thoroughfare
855:
853:
737:Panama Canal
560:Architecture
512:Urban sprawl
502:Smart growth
437:Ethanol fuel
384:Supply chain
339:Property tax
284:Design–build
236:Water supply
200:
176:Mass transit
8054:Archaeology
7778:Foundations
7751:Geomembrane
7634:Slurry wall
7573:Water table
7537:Interaction
7533:Structures
7520:Sensitivity
7317:Laboratory
6876:Performance
6808:Kassel kerb
6765:Botts' dots
6753:Demarcation
6453:Storm drain
6418:Road debris
6343:Aquaplaning
6336:environment
6324:Road safety
6202:Cobblestone
6152:Superstreet
5957:Winter road
5905:Concurrency
5898:Other terms
5889:Sunken lane
5858:Main street
5803:Local roads
5444:Storm drain
5414:Interchange
4881:1999-11-30.
4794:2009-02-10.
4661:IEEE ITSS,
3890:. BBC.CO.UK
3202:Legislation
2902:Trade route
2782:R21 highway
2724:deep wading
2716:snow chains
2592:expressways
2508:44% of all
2475:contractors
2433:roundabouts
2390:respiratory
2384:contribute
2353:groundwater
2333:, lead and
2224:. In their
2114:roto-hammer
2020:cross slope
1972:design life
1931:axle weight
1895:Maintenance
1863:Modal shift
1835:duplication
1769:geotextiles
1743:broken rock
1663:watercourse
1659:land zoning
1586:embankments
1582:foot travel
1545:M8 motorway
1508:Base course
1327:Arab Empire
1320:Roman miles
1312:Roman roads
1260:In 500 BC,
1243:Sweet Track
1236:Glastonbury
1128:Gravel road
1048:English law
1019:New Zealand
948:Definitions
899:interstates
472:Pork barrel
447:Groundwater
359:Public good
329:Maintenance
309:Externality
269:Lindahl tax
221:Solid waste
156:Lighthouses
126:Electricity
48:leading to
8081:Categories
7911:Mitigation
7893:Shear wave
7878:Earthquake
7873:Compaction
7858:Permafrost
7849:Phenomena/
7746:Geotextile
7671:Embankment
7661:Excavation
7598:Earthworks
7558:Vegetation
7553:Topography
7475:Thixotropy
7465:Void ratio
7448:Properties
7346:Hydrometer
7091:Piezometer
7011:Core drill
6878:indicators
6847:Structures
6798:Guard rail
6674:Road verge
6547:Seat belts
6483:Snowsquall
6448:Speed bump
6428:Road train
6249:Glassphalt
6189:Bioasphalt
6162:Turnaround
6137:Roundabout
6067:(at-grade)
6033:Roundabout
5998:Cloverleaf
5853:Green lane
5789:Trunk road
5717:Main roads
5600:By country
5505:Urban park
5485:Playground
5409:Footbridge
5330:10 January
5278:10 January
5235:2014-06-07
5204:2012-01-09
5179:2011-05-05
5154:2007-03-24
5098:2007-04-17
5077:2007-05-02
5048:2007-04-17
5004:2006-08-03
4958:2007-03-24
4862:2007-10-11
4757:2009-04-30
4621:. p.
4579:2010-01-06
4534:2013-05-13
4475:2007-05-14
4439:2007-05-13
4433:Case Study
4410:2007-05-13
4384:2013-01-22
4363:2013-01-22
4282:2007-05-13
4135:2007-04-20
4106:2007-04-20
4081:2007-04-24
4034:2007-04-20
4005:2007-04-20
3944:2007-04-28
3894:2007-04-22
3865:2007-04-09
3840:2007-04-09
3788:2007-04-09
3762:2013-08-14
3741:2013-08-14
3680:2007-03-25
3651:2012-02-11
3624:2007-04-29
3603:2007-04-28
3565:(3): 376.
3344:"The AVUS"
3300:8 November
3184:www.gov.uk
3165:2019-12-16
3141:2019-12-16
3117:2019-12-16
3093:2019-12-16
3068:2007-03-24
3043:2007-03-24
3018:2019-09-27
2991:2019-09-27
2967:2007-07-17
2908:References
2761:snowmobile
2742:rent a car
2720:snow tires
2659:Antarctica
2631:Darién Gap
2581:Statistics
2514:roadsteads
2479:road tolls
2404:Regulation
2361:road salts
2339:combustion
2325:, copper,
2180:Cat's eyes
2154:See also:
1899:See also:
1861:See also:
1682:draw water
1674:borrow pit
1629:Benchmarks
1570:engineered
1512:Paver base
1476:See also:
1464:autostrada
1339:oil fields
1295:and river
1270:Royal Road
1238:, England.
1184:autostrada
1157:Roman road
1153:Appian Way
1084:bridleways
1004:See also:
938:bike paths
877:There are
757:Shinkansen
697:Hoover Dam
575:Electrical
507:Stormwater
497:Smart grid
487:Renewables
412:Brownfield
369:Renovation
299:Fixed cost
27:Land route
8034:Hydrology
8014:Petrology
7902:analysis
7900:Landslide
7805:Mechanics
7716:Track bed
7701:Fill dirt
7686:Terracing
7259:Trial pit
7074:Statnamic
7059:Load test
6669:Road diet
6571:Space and
6516:Road rage
6403:Oil spill
6363:Crosswind
6353:Black ice
6348:Avalanche
6274:Permeable
6107:Jughandle
6102:Hook turn
6008:Free-flow
5952:Toll road
5871:Side road
5828:Boulevard
5784:Super two
5779:Ring road
5754:Link road
5653:Hong Kong
5608:Australia
5550:hierarchy
5462:See also:
5126:0885-7024
4838:109914430
3013:unece.org
2840:Indonesia
2663:ice roads
2655:Bosphorus
2625:, Finland
2615:Oulunsalo
2447:Economics
2394:Road dust
2307:motor oil
2299:Rainwater
2028:roughness
2016:curvature
1964:Pavements
1901:Roadworks
1824:tire wear
1755:Sand clay
1635:vehicular
1490:Track bed
1482:Roadworks
1443:Lake Como
1257:, London.
1255:Plumstead
1080:footpaths
1000:Australia
981:The 1968
930:shoulders
918:sidewalks
787:Wind farm
482:Recycling
379:Spillover
231:Utilities
141:Hospitals
101:Broadband
46:slip road
8064:Agrology
7953:software
7851:problems
7681:Causeway
7656:Landfill
7583:Subgrade
7500:Porosity
7495:Cohesion
6857:Causeway
6694:Shoulder
6530:Vehicles
6478:Whiteout
6438:Rockfall
6433:Roadkill
6358:Bleeding
6334:Road and
6294:Sealcoat
6219:Corduroy
6207:Concrete
6197:Chipseal
6176:Surfaces
6028:Raindrop
5843:Driveway
5838:Dead end
5818:Backroad
5769:2+2 road
5764:2+1 road
5688:Portugal
5678:Pakistan
5429:Pipeline
5424:Overpass
5404:Drainage
5394:Causeway
5144:Overview
4937:20133724
4775:Archived
4603:Magazine
4499:24 March
4184:Victoria
4176:Archived
3579:16276539
3037:Word FAQ
2850:See also
2813:car-free
2786:Murmansk
2619:Hailuoto
2613:between
2611:Ice road
2398:allergic
2349:De-icing
2303:snowmelt
2267:such as
2257:potholes
2129:spalling
2125:pozzolan
2024:asperity
1947:Potholes
1941:(36.287
1843:doubling
1839:twinning
1777:geocells
1773:geogrids
1767:such as
1719:organics
1713:General
1707:Blasting
1647:sediment
1625:gradient
1617:surveyor
1609:planning
1605:approval
1531:subgrade
1500:Subgrade
1363:Rhayader
1204:and the
1182:'s 1924
1176:Autobahn
1170:road in
1060:Scotland
1058:but not
990:easement
964:Eurostat
922:roadways
903:highways
895:tollways
883:parkways
804:Category
623:Autobahn
607:Examples
442:Fuel tax
389:Taxation
334:Monopoly
253:Concepts
211:Sewerage
91:Airports
50:Erlangen
44:and its
8004:Geology
7976:SVSlope
7786:Shallow
7706:Grading
7644:Tieback
7588:Subsoil
7578:Bedrock
7568:Topsoil
7563:Terrain
7356:R-value
7319:testing
7069:Dynamic
6996:in situ
6994:Field (
6760:Bollard
6744:Woonerf
6473:Washout
6413:Pothole
6326:factors
6314:Texture
6284:Plastic
6264:Macadam
6053:Trumpet
6003:Diamond
5774:Parkway
5749:Highway
5663:Ireland
5643:Germany
5633:Croatia
5613:Belgium
5500:Theatre
5495:Stadium
4928:2816198
4905:Bibcode
4818:Bibcode
4180:WebCite
3597:History
3296:(1): 40
2798:Nunavut
2794:Siberia
2769:sea ice
2765:dogsled
2671:Bahrain
2649:by the
2472:private
2331:cadmium
2261:weather
2101:Testing
2036:texture
2032:rutting
1993:Chicago
1981:asphalt
1976:bitumen
1889:walking
1887:and/or
1885:cycling
1829:When a
1785:natural
1698:mulched
1686:topsoil
1643:Erosion
1590:tunnels
1574:roadbed
1560:Myanmar
1549:Ireland
1504:Subbase
1486:Macadam
1422:Germany
1386:Barcola
1331:Baghdad
1282:Bactria
1116:History
1040:highway
926:medians
887:avenues
872:streets
864:traffic
667:history
289:Earmark
216:Sluices
96:Bridges
7986:Plaxis
7981:UTEXAS
7971:SVFlux
7961:SEEP2D
7813:Forces
7666:Trench
7614:Gabion
7424:Gravel
7064:Static
6853:Bridge
6537:Airbag
6309:Tarmac
6254:Gravel
6082:Bowtie
6023:Parclo
5947:Stroad
5910:Detour
5885:Street
5813:Avenue
5698:Taiwan
5683:Poland
5648:Greece
5623:Canada
5618:Brazil
5490:Public
5449:Tunnel
5439:Skyway
5384:Bridge
5124:
5120:(11).
4980:
4935:
4925:
4836:
4743:
4714:
4333:
4306:
3977:
3961:
3916:
3812:
3713:
3577:
3535:10 May
3509:12 May
3462:
3437:
3323:
2940:
2790:fjords
2641:. The
2594:, the
2359:; and
2323:nickel
1939:pounds
1869:, and
1822:, and
1793:Safety
1775:, and
1759:roller
1735:gravel
1731:sieved
1651:sealed
1619:. The
1578:grades
1516:Pavers
1488:, and
1418:Berlin
1297:barges
1274:Sardis
1218:trails
1172:Berlin
994:travel
934:verges
671:safety
432:Ecotax
151:Levees
131:Energy
106:Canals
83:Assets
8087:Roads
7966:STABL
7439:Loess
7402:Types
6279:Plank
6193:Brick
6043:Stack
5809:Alley
5693:Spain
5673:Nepal
5668:Italy
5658:India
5628:China
5470:Arena
5419:Levee
5389:Canal
5299:(PDF)
5229:(PDF)
5222:(PDF)
4834:S2CID
4573:(PDF)
4566:(PDF)
4528:(PDF)
4521:(PDF)
4493:(PDF)
4469:(PDF)
4458:(PDF)
4429:(PDF)
4357:(PDF)
4217:(PDF)
4075:(PDF)
4068:(PDF)
3999:(Doc)
3575:S2CID
3555:(PDF)
3009:(PDF)
2985:(PDF)
2510:goods
2315:trash
2220:from
2118:epoxy
2107:radar
2086:grout
1667:creek
1621:radii
1439:Milan
1390:Italy
1382:Duino
1293:carts
1286:India
1132:Trail
972:UNECE
914:lanes
858:is a
727:Levee
570:Civil
241:Weirs
201:Roads
171:Ports
161:Parks
18:Roads
7791:Deep
7434:Loam
7429:Peat
7419:Sand
7414:Silt
7409:Clay
7394:Soil
7096:Well
6789:Curb
6620:Lane
6383:Ford
6299:Sett
6239:Dirt
5867:Road
5547:Road
5434:Road
5332:2017
5280:2017
5122:ISSN
4978:ISBN
4933:PMID
4741:ISBN
4712:ISBN
4584:IGGA
4501:2014
4331:ISBN
4304:ISBN
3975:ISBN
3959:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3810:ISBN
3711:ISBN
3537:2022
3511:2022
3460:ISBN
3435:ISBN
3321:ISBN
3302:2021
3238:Wade
2938:ISBN
2617:and
2435:and
2327:zinc
2301:and
2245:Snow
2194:and
2143:dirt
2049:and
2034:and
1903:and
1881:cars
1751:clay
1739:rock
1645:and
1623:and
1520:sand
1453:and
1445:and
1427:The
1397:AVUS
1384:and
1348:The
1316:Rome
1284:and
1278:Susa
1245:, a
1241:The
1168:AVUS
1151:The
1130:and
1070:, a
1044:road
1042:and
970:and
962:The
955:The
856:road
196:Rail
121:Dams
7676:Cut
6985:and
6443:Rut
6378:Fog
6259:Ice
5399:Dam
4923:PMC
4913:doi
4901:107
4826:doi
4733:"2"
4623:149
3567:doi
2784:to
2763:or
2726:or
2718:or
2621:in
2088:or
2045:or
1995:'s
1970:or
1929:of
1849:to
1841:or
1741:or
1547:in
1525:In
1514:E)
1510:D)
1506:C)
1502:B)
1441:to
1335:tar
1062:or
968:ITF
673:)
8083::
7935:*
5323:.
5319:.
5301:.
5252:.
5142:.
5118:78
5116:.
5065:.
5036:.
4931:.
4921:.
4911:.
4899:.
4895:.
4832:.
4824:.
4812:.
4808:.
4735:.
4509:^
4460:.
4431:.
4270:.
4251:.
4233:.
4198:.
4123:.
4098:.
4043:^
4022:.
3936:.
3886:.
3874:^
3857:.
3780:.
3689:^
3668:.
3642:.
3595:.
3573:.
3563:28
3561:.
3557:.
3519:^
3500:.
3488:^
3407:^
3390:^
3373:^
3356:^
3346:.
3335:^
3292:.
3273:.
3224:.
3213:^
3204:.
3200:.
3182:.
3158:.
3134:.
3110:.
3086:.
3035:.
3011:.
2946:.
2916:^
2730:.
2669:.
2657:.
2481:.
2378:.
2345:.
2329:,
2313:,
2309:,
2255:,
2171:,
2030:,
2026:,
2022:,
2018:,
1891:.
1865:,
1837:,
1803:,
1799:,
1771:,
1753:.
1672:A
1665:,
1607:,
1529:,
1484:,
1480:,
1455:A9
1451:A8
1420:,
1388:,
1082:,
1050:,
996:.
966:,
944:.
936:,
932:,
928:,
916:,
905:,
901:,
897:,
889:,
885:,
854:A
669:,
7539:)
7535:(
6998:)
6957:e
6950:t
6943:v
5989:)
5985:(
5539:e
5532:t
5525:v
5365:e
5358:t
5351:v
5334:.
5282:.
5256:.
5238:.
5207:.
5182:.
5157:.
5128:.
5101:.
5080:.
5051:.
5021:.
5007:.
4986:.
4961:.
4939:.
4915::
4907::
4865:.
4840:.
4828::
4820::
4814:2
4760:.
4720:.
4625:.
4582:.
4552:.
4537:.
4503:.
4478:.
4442:.
4413:.
4387:.
4366:.
4339:.
4312:.
4285:.
4237:.
4202:.
4138:.
4109:.
4084:.
4037:.
4008:.
3981:.
3947:.
3922:.
3897:.
3868:.
3843:.
3818:.
3791:.
3765:.
3744:.
3719:.
3683:.
3654:.
3627:.
3606:.
3581:.
3569::
3539:.
3513:.
3482:.
3468:.
3443:.
3418:.
3401:.
3384:.
3350:.
3329:.
3304:.
3186:.
3168:.
3144:.
3120:.
3096:.
3071:.
3046:.
3021:.
2994:.
2970:.
1943:t
1399:(
1373:.
1345:.
1288:.
1186:.
843:e
836:t
829:v
665:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.