93:
20:
2174:
2199:
1568:
81:. They appeared in England just prior to the Norman conquest and large numbers were built during the late 11th and early 12th centuries. More elaborate versions (such as
107:
A survey published in 1969 identified 198 ringwork castles in
England and Wales, with a further 50 sites that were considered to possibly be ringworks.
125:
Bb – a bank and ditch encircling the site on a natural hillock, where the ground surface slopes so that the interior is higher than the exterior
2240:
281:
134:
Dd – a bank on one side with sloping ground on the other combined with a ditch and the interior raised by a natural hillock
1384:
2233:
204:
180:
2269:
1978:
1673:
131:
D – a bank on one side with sloping ground on the other combined with a ditch and an artificially raised interior
1793:
1578:
2226:
92:
2003:
1226:
764:
274:
82:
1563:
644:
1159:
2259:
1608:
1233:
2264:
2105:
1183:
59:
241:
218:
2152:
1927:
1633:
1628:
1548:
1345:
1292:
1262:
1019:
949:
893:
470:
267:
67:
2177:
1993:
1583:
1480:
1365:
549:
89:, the ringwork replacing the more usual motte and the bailey acting as a military stronghold.
2130:
1968:
1750:
1503:
1240:
1063:
392:
63:
2115:
1643:
1269:
1068:
1034:
434:
316:
8:
1932:
1668:
1024:
402:
108:
2054:
1663:
1638:
1623:
1618:
1468:
1448:
1245:
806:
673:
417:
39:
2110:
2069:
2044:
1917:
1598:
1438:
1285:
871:
749:
427:
370:
200:
176:
122:
B – a bank and ditch encircling the site, with an artificially raising interior
115:
proposed the following classification of ringworks based on their surviving remains:
2084:
2059:
1988:
1912:
1513:
1508:
1443:
994:
798:
377:
144:
86:
51:
2214:
1973:
1825:
1798:
1738:
1708:
1593:
1558:
1538:
1523:
1078:
1073:
1041:
802:
744:
732:
714:
581:
562:
488:
465:
74:
28:
2210:
2142:
2137:
1803:
1788:
1723:
1713:
1588:
1573:
1473:
1463:
1428:
1302:
1095:
792:
759:
723:
539:
397:
361:
2253:
2147:
2100:
2008:
1998:
1952:
1922:
1907:
1876:
1857:
1718:
1658:
1613:
1528:
1487:
1297:
930:
925:
658:
621:
606:
557:
502:
481:
290:
112:
2125:
1983:
1947:
1902:
1886:
1814:
1767:
1743:
1733:
1728:
1543:
1360:
1221:
1188:
1053:
989:
964:
876:
850:
818:
812:
754:
693:
663:
511:
19:
2206:
2024:
1881:
1850:
1832:
1820:
1762:
1757:
1698:
1693:
1653:
1553:
1518:
1414:
1317:
1088:
1058:
1048:
954:
843:
460:
407:
78:
651:
73:
Ringworks originated in
Germany in the 10th century as an early form of
2049:
1869:
1841:
1772:
1648:
1603:
1533:
1453:
1350:
1255:
1195:
1154:
1132:
1083:
1029:
979:
974:
959:
918:
866:
824:
769:
611:
527:
101:
97:
2029:
574:
1458:
1389:
1216:
1211:
1144:
785:
698:
628:
586:
412:
382:
343:
309:
1937:
1862:
1703:
1421:
1396:
1379:
1309:
1250:
1178:
1171:
902:
776:
596:
591:
567:
495:
475:
455:
422:
150:
2074:
2039:
2034:
1372:
1355:
1340:
1324:
1276:
1204:
1149:
1139:
1107:
1009:
984:
969:
739:
683:
601:
448:
441:
387:
259:
199:, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, p. 386.
24:
2079:
1433:
999:
937:
881:
859:
836:
829:
705:
688:
520:
352:
334:
304:
153: – Circular fortified settlements found in Northern Europe
43:
2120:
2064:
1808:
1333:
1164:
1004:
325:
128:
C – a bank on one side with sloping ground on the other
55:
2198:
1102:
944:
911:
886:
678:
668:
637:
616:
47:
246:
Château
Gaillard: Études de castellologie médiévale
240:King, David James Cathcart; Alcock, Leslie (1969).
223:
Château
Gaillard: Études de castellologie médiévale
217:King, David James Cathcart; Alcock, Leslie (1969).
147: – Embankment built in the shape of a circle
2251:
531:
77:and at first were little more than a fortified
1093:
1039:
857:
703:
119:A – a bank and ditch encircling the site
2234:
1748:
1478:
1307:
1283:
900:
891:
848:
572:
368:
359:
275:
1867:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1419:
1394:
1370:
1331:
1322:
1274:
1260:
1231:
1202:
1193:
1169:
1130:
935:
916:
834:
783:
774:
730:
721:
712:
649:
635:
626:
509:
486:
518:
500:
446:
432:
350:
341:
332:
323:
314:
2241:
2227:
282:
268:
239:
216:
96:Surviving ringwork of Panpudding Hill, in
197:Oxford Concise Dictionary of Archaeology
91:
23:Surviving earthworks of the ringwork at
18:
2252:
263:
170:
16:Form of fortified defensive structure
2193:
50:in shape. Ringworks are essentially
1674:Weapons Storage and Security System
13:
289:
175:. Sutton Publishing. p. 246.
14:
2281:
2197:
2173:
2172:
242:"Ringworks of England and Wales"
219:"Ringworks of England and Wales"
233:
210:
189:
164:
1:
1569:British "hedgehog" road block
173:A Sutton Companion to Castles
157:
2213:. You can help Knowledge by
83:Stansted Mountfitchet Castle
7:
1979:Cities with defensive walls
1564:Defensive fighting position
1479:
1284:
1094:
1040:
901:
892:
858:
849:
704:
138:
10:
2286:
2270:European archaeology stubs
2192:
85:) comprise a ringwork and
2205:This article relating to
2163:
2093:
2017:
1961:
1895:
1781:
1686:
1609:Hardened aircraft shelter
1584:Entry control point (ECP)
1496:
1407:
1123:
1116:
548:
297:
195:Darvill, Timothy (2008).
2106:Continuity of government
58:. Defences were usually
1928:Motte-and-bailey castle
1634:Missile launch facility
1629:Main line of resistance
324:
171:Friar, Stephen (2003).
38:is a form of fortified
2004:Military installations
1868:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1749:
1420:
1395:
1371:
1361:Scarp and Counterscarp
1332:
1323:
1308:
1275:
1261:
1232:
1203:
1194:
1170:
1131:
936:
917:
835:
784:
775:
731:
722:
713:
650:
636:
627:
573:
532:
519:
510:
501:
487:
447:
433:
369:
360:
351:
342:
333:
315:
104:
70:surrounding the site.
31:
1773:Floating water castle
1504:Admiralty scaffolding
797:Fortified buildings (
95:
22:
2116:Subterranean warfare
1069:Viking ring fortress
54:castles without the
1933:Quadrangular castle
1669:Weapon storage area
1025:Quadrangular castle
109:D. J. Cathcart King
42:structure, usually
1664:Underground hangar
1449:Fire control tower
1246:Gunpowder magazine
674:Butter-churn tower
105:
32:
2222:
2221:
2187:
2186:
2111:Military urbanism
2045:Fortified gateway
1918:Concentric castle
1682:
1681:
1599:Fire support base
1439:Coastal artillery
1314:(Spanish America)
908:
750:Concentric castle
205:978-0-19-953404-3
182:978-0-7509-3994-2
62:in the form of a
25:Newington Bagpath
2277:
2260:Ringwork castles
2243:
2236:
2229:
2201:
2194:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2060:National redoubt
1989:Fortified estate
1913:Circular rampart
1873:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1754:
1514:Anti-tank trench
1509:Air raid shelter
1484:
1444:Disappearing gun
1425:
1400:
1376:
1337:
1328:
1313:
1289:
1280:
1266:
1237:
1208:
1199:
1175:
1136:
1121:
1120:
1099:
1079:Bailey (or ward)
1045:
950:Motte-and-bailey
941:
922:
906:
898:
897:
863:
854:
840:
789:
780:
736:
727:
718:
709:
655:
641:
632:
578:
535:
524:
515:
506:
492:
452:
438:
378:Circular rampart
374:
365:
356:
347:
338:
329:
320:
284:
277:
270:
261:
260:
254:
253:
237:
231:
230:
214:
208:
193:
187:
186:
168:
145:Circular rampart
52:motte-and-bailey
2285:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2265:Castles by type
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2209:in Europe is a
2190:
2188:
2183:
2167:
2159:
2089:
2013:
1957:
1891:
1826:Imperial castle
1799:Coercion castle
1794:Coastal defence
1777:
1739:Promontory fort
1709:Hillside castle
1678:
1594:Fallout shelter
1559:Concertina wire
1539:Border security
1492:
1403:
1112:
745:Coercion castle
733:Cheval de frise
715:Chemin de ronde
563:Albarrana tower
544:
489:Schwedenschanze
466:Promontory fort
293:
288:
258:
257:
238:
234:
215:
211:
194:
190:
183:
169:
165:
160:
141:
75:medieval castle
29:Gloucestershire
17:
12:
11:
5:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2202:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2143:Trench warfare
2140:
2138:Tunnel warfare
2135:
2134:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Fortifications
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1804:Counter-castle
1801:
1796:
1791:
1789:Border barrier
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:Lowland castle
1721:
1716:
1714:Hilltop castle
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Electric fence
1586:
1581:
1579:Dragon's teeth
1576:
1574:Czech hedgehog
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1488:Wire obstacles
1485:
1476:
1474:Polygonal fort
1471:
1466:
1464:Martello tower
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:Border outpost
1426:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1303:Polygonal fort
1300:
1295:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1267:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
933:
928:
923:
914:
909:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
855:
846:
841:
832:
827:
822:
815:
810:
795:
793:Flanking tower
790:
781:
772:
767:
762:
760:Counter-castle
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
647:
642:
633:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
570:
565:
560:
554:
552:
550:Post-classical
546:
545:
543:
542:
540:Vitrified fort
537:
525:
516:
507:
498:
493:
484:
479:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
444:
439:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
398:Defensive wall
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
366:
357:
348:
339:
330:
321:
312:
307:
301:
299:
295:
294:
291:Fortifications
287:
286:
279:
272:
264:
256:
255:
232:
209:
188:
181:
162:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
148:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2282:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2148:Urban warfare
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Civil defense
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Bastion forts
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1953:Z-plan castle
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:L-plan castle
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Bridge castle
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Refuge castle
1875:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Military base
1856:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:Hunting lodge
1819:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Moated castle
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Island castle
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:By topography
1685:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Submarine pen
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Hesco bastion
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Blast shelter
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Place-of-arms
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
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113:Leslie Alcock
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2215:expanding it
2204:
2189:
2171:
2126:Siege engine
2094:Other topics
2018:Related word
1984:Defense line
1948:Tower castle
1942:
1903:Bastion fort
1887:Urban castle
1815:Ganerbenburg
1813:
1768:Water castle
1744:Ridge castle
1729:Marsh castle
1544:Bomb shelter
1524:Belgian gate
1497:20th century
1408:19th century
1346:Retrenchment
1318:Punji sticks
1227:Entrenchment
1222:Device Forts
1189:Counterguard
1124:Early modern
1054:Tower castle
1014:
990:Powder tower
965:Outer bailey
877:Inner bailey
851:Gulyay-gorod
819:Ganerbenburg
817:
813:Fujian tulou
755:Corner tower
694:Chamber gate
664:Bridge tower
512:Trou de loup
249:
245:
235:
226:
222:
212:
196:
191:
172:
166:
106:
72:
35:
33:
2207:archaeology
2025:Castle town
1882:Toll castle
1851:Lustschloss
1833:Kaiserpfalz
1763:Spur castle
1758:Rock castle
1699:Hill castle
1694:Cave castle
1654:Spider hole
1554:Bremer wall
1519:Barbed tape
1415:Barbed wire
1089:Witch tower
1059:Tower house
1049:Toll castle
1035:Shield wall
955:Murder hole
844:Guard tower
461:Pincer gate
408:Faussebraye
79:manor house
2254:Categories
2050:Gatekeeper
1870:Ordensburg
1842:Landesburg
1649:Sentry gun
1604:Flak tower
1534:Blast wall
1454:Gun turret
1351:Sally port
1256:Kotta mara
1196:Couvreface
1160:Breastwork
1155:Blockhouse
1133:Abwurfdach
1084:Watchtower
1074:Wall tower
1030:Shell keep
980:Portcullis
975:Peel tower
960:Neck ditch
919:Landesburg
867:Half tower
825:Gate tower
770:Drawbridge
612:Battlement
528:Wagon fort
371:Chengqiang
158:References
102:Shropshire
98:Bridgnorth
60:earthworks
2153:Guerrilla
1896:By design
1644:Revetment
1459:Land mine
1390:Star fort
1217:Crownwork
1212:Covertway
1145:Barricade
786:Embrasure
699:Chartaque
629:Bergfried
587:Arrowslit
413:Gatehouse
383:City gate
344:Castellum
310:Acropolis
229:: 90–127.
40:defensive
2178:Category
2168:See also
2055:Loophole
1943:Ringwork
1938:Ringfort
1863:Obstacle
1704:Hillfort
1624:Loophole
1422:Barbette
1397:Tenaille
1380:Sea fort
1310:Presidio
1270:Magazine
1251:Hornwork
1184:Cavalier
1179:Casemate
1172:Caponier
1015:Ringwork
903:Detinets
872:Hoarding
777:Enceinte
652:Bretèche
597:Bartizan
592:Barbican
568:Alcazaba
496:Stockade
476:Ringfort
456:Palisade
428:Landwehr
423:Hillfort
252:: 93–94.
151:Ringfort
139:See also
44:circular
36:ringwork
2085:Vedette
2075:Schloss
2040:Festung
2035:Dungeon
2030:Château
1974:Castles
1782:By role
1639:Pillbox
1469:Outpost
1385:Station
1373:Schanze
1356:Sandbag
1341:Redoubt
1325:Ravelin
1293:Palanka
1277:Orillon
1263:Lunette
1205:Coupure
1150:Bastion
1140:Arsenal
1108:Zwinger
1020:Roundel
1010:Ricetto
985:Postern
970:Outwork
894:Kremlin
765:Curtain
740:Citadel
724:Chemise
684:Caltrop
602:Bastion
575:Alcázar
471:Rampart
449:Oppidum
442:Nuraghe
388:Crannog
362:Castros
298:Ancient
2080:Trench
2070:Picket
1481:Sangar
1434:Bunker
1366:Sconce
1286:Ostrog
1234:Flèche
1117:Modern
1096:Yagura
1064:Turret
1000:Reduit
938:Merlon
882:Kasbah
860:Gusuku
837:Glacis
830:Gabion
799:church
706:Chashi
689:Castle
533:Laager
521:Vallum
478:(Rath)
353:Castra
335:Burgus
305:Abatis
203:
179:
87:bailey
2121:Siege
2065:Palas
2009:Walls
1999:Forts
1962:Lists
1809:Fence
1751:Rocca
1619:Kabal
1334:Redan
1241:Gorge
1165:Canal
1042:Shiro
1005:Ribat
995:Qalat
807:Dzong
803:house
503:Sudis
435:Limes
393:Ditch
326:Broch
317:Agger
64:ditch
56:motte
2211:stub
2131:list
1549:Buoy
1103:Yett
945:Moat
912:Ksar
887:Keep
679:Caer
669:Burh
645:Boom
638:Berm
617:Bawn
582:Amba
418:Gord
201:ISBN
177:ISBN
111:and
68:bank
66:and
48:oval
403:Dun
46:or
27:in
2256::
2170::
805:,
801:,
248:.
244:.
225:.
221:.
100:,
34:A
2242:e
2235:t
2228:v
2217:.
907:)
899:(
809:)
536:)
530:(
283:e
276:t
269:v
250:3
227:3
207:.
185:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
