668:. It is one of the most extensive human rights and all international human rights instruments enshrine it in more than one article. The right to a fair trial is one of the most litigated human rights and substantial case law that has been established on the interpretation of this human right. Despite variations in wording and placement of the various fair trial rights, international human rights instrument define the right to a fair trial in broadly the same terms. The aim of the right is to ensure the proper administration of justice. As a minimum the right to fair trial includes the following fair trial rights in
842:– which led to the creation of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC). It allowed for secret evidence to be stated in court and provided provisions for the anonymity of the sources and information itself. The judge has the power to clear the courtroom of the public and press, and the appellant if need be, if sensitive information must be relayed. The appellant is provided with a Special Advocate, who is appointed in order to represent their interests; no contact can be made with the appellant after seeing the secret evidence. SIAC is mostly used for deportation cases and other cases of public interest.
554:
press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.
372:
822:. Suspects were simply imprisoned without trial, and interrogated by the British army for information. This power was mostly used against the Catholic minority. The British government supplied deliberately misleading evidence to the European Court of Human Rights when it investigated this issue in 1978. The Irish government and human rights group
553:
All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The
1289:
The immunity could not be an obstacle: on the one hand, following a immunity resolution of the Senate, the judicial proceeding may raise jurisdictional dispute before the
Constitutional Court ( ... ); on the other side (….) the citizen may submit an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights
575:
detail requirements for the fairness of trials against prisoners of war. Other provisions require a "fair and regular trial"; "safeguards of proper trial and defence"; an "impartial and regularly constituted court respecting the generally recognized principles of regular judicial procedure"; a
845:
Secret evidence has seen increased use in UK courts. Some argue that this undermines the
British criminal justice system, as this evidence may not come under proper democratic scrutiny. Secret evidence can now be used in a wide range of cases including deportations hearings, control orders
541:(ICCPR). The right to a fair trial is protected in Articles 14 and 16 of the ICCPR which is binding in international law on those states that are party to it. Article 14(1) establishes the basic right to a fair trial, article 14(2) provides for the
826:
requested that the ECHR reconsider the case in
December 2014. Three court cases related to the Northern Ireland conflict that took place in mainland Britain in 1975 and 1976 have been accused of being unfair, resulting in the imprisonment of the
545:, and article 14(3) sets out a list of minimum fair trial rights in criminal proceedings. Article 14(5) establishes the right of a convicted person to have a higher court review the conviction or sentence, and article 14(7) prohibits
750:
have clarified that the right to a fair trial applies not only to judicial proceedings, but also administrative proceedings. If an individual's right under the law is at stake, the dispute must be determined through a fair process.
798:
as essential in guaranteeing a fair trial. The ACHPR held that individuals have the right to choose their own counsel and that giving the military tribunal the right to veto a counsel violates the right to a fair trial.
861:, the right to a fair trial implies that accused and public must be able to understand the verdict. Trials decided by jury, as they do not provide reasons for their decision, therefore do not allow for this. In
576:"regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples"; and "court offering the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality".
533:
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
473:
is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge". Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in
Article 10 of the
868:
Under ECHR case law, jury decisions can also be problematic in circumstances where juries draw adverse inferences from trial judges' directions in contravention of
Article 6(3) (b) and (c).
835:. These convictions were later overturned, though an investigation into allegations that police officers perverted the course of justice failed to convict anyone of wrongdoing.
494:
846:
proceedings, parole board cases, asset-freezing applications, pre-charge detention hearings in terrorism cases, employment tribunals, and planning tribunals.
638:, or retroactive law, which is enshrined in human rights instrument separately from the right to fair trial and can not be limited by states according to the
808:
600:
596:
592:
538:
498:
456:
865:
a violation of article 6(1) was found. The court also implied a right to a reasoned verdict, irrespective of whether that was given by a judge or a jury.
775:
was subject to
Article 6 because of the defendants had been accused of what the court considered to be serious crime, assault with a weapon and wounding.
1975:
1151:
490:
1544:
779:
478:
702:
States may limit the right to a fair trial or derogate from the fair trial rights only under circumstances specified in the human rights instruments.
486:
482:
1349:
839:
585:
730:
and the fair trial rights apply to all civil rights and obligations created under domestic law and therefore to all civil proceedings (see
1374:
790:
for serious crimes. The ACHPR has held that on the face of it military courts to do not satisfy civilians' right to a fair trial (see
1891:
1563:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
449:
1796:
968:
1293:
1597:
1537:
665:
627:
268:
262:
1323:
1264:
1175:
1075:
1004:
1333:
1274:
1185:
1112:
1085:
1044:
1014:
522:
474:
634:
permits no derogation or exceptions to this human right. Closely related to the right to a fair trial is the prohibition on
1765:
1201:
Melcarne, Alessandro; Ramello, Giovanni B.; Spruk, Rok (2021). "Is justice delayed justice denied? An empirical approach".
747:
715:
1924:
1876:
1647:
858:
760:
727:
643:
639:
611:
604:
442:
1128:
1462:
Lemmens, P. (2014). "The right to a fair trial and its multiple manifestations". In E. Brems & J. Gerards (Eds.),
1530:
1464:
Shaping Rights in the ECHR: The Role of the
European Court of Human Rights in Determining the Scope of Human Rights
832:
626:
is sometimes regarded as part of the right to a fair trial. It is typically guaranteed under a separate article in
623:
529:
until the accused is proven guilty, in
Articles 6, 7, 8 and 11, the key provision is Article 10 which states that:
1970:
1929:
1826:
1582:
768:
743:
711:
631:
318:
1438:
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428:
211:
1960:
1692:
1602:
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501:, in addition to numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. There is no binding
399:
391:
1569:
341:
1914:
1856:
1476:
303:
1501:
718:
have clarified that the right to a fair trial applies to all types of judicial proceedings, whether
1965:
1871:
1836:
1781:
1667:
1353:
542:
537:
Some years after the UDHR was adopted, the right to a fair trial was defined in more detail in the
526:
67:
1228:
Easton, Jo (2018). "Where to Draw the Line? Is
Efficiency Encroaching on a Fair Justice System?".
1577:
572:
229:
1607:
1592:
719:
669:
288:
1955:
1919:
1727:
1717:
1152:
Joint Series on
International Law and Armed Conflict: Fair Trial Guarantees in Armed Conflict
823:
812:
571:
facing a judicial proceeding receive a fair trial. For example, Articles 102–108 of the 1949
313:
172:
517:
The right to fair trial is very helpful to explore in numerous declarations which represent
1846:
1806:
1687:
909:
167:
147:
8:
1896:
1617:
1612:
1587:
888:
819:
630:. The right entitles individuals to be recognised as subject, not as object, of the law.
308:
1387:
1934:
1811:
1737:
1632:
1413:
787:
564:
407:
198:
190:
185:
162:
157:
152:
77:
22:
1301:
1841:
1801:
1754:
1702:
1627:
1329:
1270:
1245:
1181:
1108:
1081:
1040:
1010:
635:
610:
The right to a fair trial is furthermore enshrined in articles 3, 8, 9 and 10 of the
502:
283:
234:
224:
203:
72:
1831:
1747:
1712:
1237:
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944:
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693:
568:
420:
273:
127:
62:
1909:
1861:
1821:
1722:
1672:
1131:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Archived from
1102:
1034:
924:
919:
904:
877:
546:
336:
82:
1851:
1776:
1732:
1214:
828:
351:
137:
1949:
1881:
1816:
1697:
1249:
1132:
882:
772:
684:
1241:
1791:
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1677:
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1522:
1104:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a common standard of achievement
1036:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a common standard of achievement
894:
723:
673:
653:
649:
346:
219:
52:
1657:
1156:
854:
The rationale for a jury was that it offers a check against state power.
278:
177:
680:
the right to be heard by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal
1662:
914:
506:
376:
298:
122:
112:
57:
584:
The right to a fair trial is enshrined in articles 3, 7 and 26 of the
525:(UDHR). Though the UDHR enshrines some fair trial rights, such as the
1642:
899:
783:
759:
In Europe special proceeding may also be subject to Article 6 of the
257:
117:
47:
726:. According to the European Court of Human Rights, Article 6 of the
664:
The right to a fair trial has been defined in numerous regional and
371:
1904:
1742:
1294:"L'Italia "difende" il Regno Unito in nome del procuratore Cordova"
505:
that defines what is not a fair trial; for example, the right to a
1466:(pp. 294-314). Cambridge Books Online: Cambridge University Press.
652:
tends to correlate with quality and fairness of justice. Right to
1707:
1652:
1637:
1622:
807:
Right to a fair trial in the United Kingdom is guaranteed by the
102:
512:
293:
252:
92:
607:
and articles 2 to 4 of the 7th Protocol to the convention.
567:(GC) and their Additional Protocols (APs) require that any
509:
and other important procedures vary from nation to nation.
87:
579:
591:
The right to a fair trial is also enshrined in articles
1100:
1032:
811:, which is incorporated in UK law as Schedule 1 of the
656:
and Right to a fair trial can be difficult to combine.
495:
Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution
1375:'British ministers sanctioned torture of NI internees'
1129:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1439:"Apply to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission"
1368:
1200:
809:
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
705:
539:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
499:
Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights
973:
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
732:
Apeh Uldozotteinek Szovetsege and Others v. Hungary
1915:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
1414:"Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997"
1107:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 225–226.
818:Between 1971 and 1975, the right to a fair trial
617:
1947:
794:). In this respect the ACHPR has reaffirmed the
737:
840:Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997
780:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
1325:Introduction to International Human Rights Law
1266:Introduction to International Human Rights Law
1177:Introduction to International Human Rights Law
1077:Introduction to International Human Rights Law
1006:Introduction to International Human Rights Law
969:Fair Trial, Right to, International Protection
782:(ACHPR) frequently deals with instances where
689:the right to be heard within a reasonable time
1538:
1169:
1167:
1101:Alfredsson, Gudmundur; Eide, Asbjorn (1999).
1033:Alfredsson, Gudmundur; Eide, Asbjorn (1999).
450:
1552:
1159:Blog of the European Journal of European Law
1039:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 225.
1028:
1026:
586:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
513:Definition in international human rights law
1583:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
1545:
1531:
1315:
1164:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
849:
457:
443:
1203:International Review of Law and Economics
1023:
754:
1502:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights"
1477:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights"
1321:
1262:
1173:
1073:
1002:
838:The United Kingdom created an act – the
802:
792:Constitutional Rights Project v. Nigeria
1797:Right to an adequate standard of living
1291:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1061:"Universal declaration of Human Rights"
977:
580:Definition in regional human rights law
1948:
1598:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
1227:
666:international human rights instruments
628:international human rights instruments
1526:
1298:Diritto&Giustizia Edizione Online
558:
523:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
475:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1221:
1194:
1139:
748:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
716:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
659:
1976:Prisoners' and ex-prisoners' rights
1269:. CD Publishing. pp. 107–108.
761:European Convention on Human Rights
728:European Convention on Human Rights
644:American Convention on Human Rights
640:European Convention on Human Rights
612:American Convention on Human Rights
605:European Convention on Human Rights
13:
14:
1987:
1718:Right to refuse medical treatment
1388:"Bid to reopen NI 'torture' case"
820:was suspended in Northern Ireland
706:In civil and criminal proceedings
945:"Legal Definition of FAIR TRIAL"
833:Guildford Four and Maguire Seven
624:right to equality before the law
370:
1494:
1469:
1456:
1431:
1406:
1380:
1342:
1283:
1256:
29:Criminal trials and convictions
1930:Sexual and reproductive health
1827:Right to a healthy environment
1328:. CD Publishing. p. 109.
1180:. CD Publishing. p. 110.
1121:
1094:
1080:. CD Publishing. p. 107.
1067:
1053:
1009:. CD Publishing. p. 108.
961:
937:
769:European Court of Human Rights
744:European Court of Human Rights
712:European Court of Human Rights
632:International human rights law
618:Relationship with other rights
319:Sexually violent predator laws
1:
1847:Right to public participation
930:
738:In administrative proceedings
549:. Article 14(1) states that:
1867:Right to science and culture
212:Cruel and unusual punishment
7:
1693:Right to keep and bear arms
1603:Freedom from discrimination
1292:Buonomo, Giampiero (2002).
871:
765:Mills v. the United Kingdom
698:the right to interpretation
519:customary international law
10:
1992:
1215:10.1016/j.irle.2020.105953
414: English/Welsh courts
1890:
1857:Right to rest and leisure
1763:
1568:
1561:
1322:Doebbler, Curtis (2006).
1263:Doebbler, Curtis (2006).
1174:Doebbler, Curtis (2006).
1074:Doebbler, Curtis (2006).
1003:Doebbler, Curtis (2006).
1872:Right to social security
1837:Right to Internet access
1782:Equal pay for equal work
1668:Presumption of innocence
1350:"Article 6: Fair trials"
543:presumption of innocence
527:presumption of innocence
68:Presumption of innocence
1748:right to be a candidate
1578:Equality before the law
1242:10.1111/1467-923X.12487
1230:The Political Quarterly
949:www.merriam-webster.com
857:Under Article 6 of the
850:Juries and a fair trial
573:Third Geneva Convention
230:Indefinite imprisonment
1608:Freedom of information
1593:Freedom of association
967:Doswald-Beck, Louise.
755:In special proceedings
556:
535:
289:Miscarriage of justice
1971:Human rights by issue
1920:Intersex human rights
1728:Right of self-defense
1683:Right to a fair trial
1161:(September 22, 2016).
824:Amnesty International
813:Human Rights Act 1998
803:In the United Kingdom
551:
531:
314:Sex offender registry
34:Rights of the accused
16:Civil and human right
1807:Right to development
1688:Right to family life
1638:Freedom from torture
1623:Freedom from slavery
910:Presumption of guilt
400:English/Welsh courts
328:Related areas of law
1618:Freedom of religion
1613:Freedom of movement
1588:Freedom of assembly
1570:Civil and political
889:Jus de non evocando
309:Restorative justice
1961:Criminal procedure
1935:Right to sexuality
1812:Right to education
1738:Security of person
1633:Freedom of thought
1418:legislation.gov.uk
788:military tribunals
565:Geneva Conventions
559:Geneva Conventions
199:Capital punishment
191:Dangerous offender
78:Self-incrimination
23:Criminal procedure
1943:
1942:
1842:Right to property
1802:Right to clothing
1787:Fair remuneration
1755:Right to homeland
1703:Right to petition
1628:Freedom of speech
1394:. 2 December 2014
1335:978-0-9743570-2-7
1276:978-0-9743570-2-7
1187:978-0-9743570-2-7
1114:978-90-411-1168-5
1087:978-0-9743570-2-7
1063:. United Nations.
1046:978-90-411-1168-5
1016:978-0-9743570-2-7
863:Taxquet v Belgium
660:Fair trial rights
636:ex post facto law
503:international law
467:
466:
342:Criminal defenses
284:Habitual offender
235:Three-strikes law
225:Life imprisonment
204:Execution warrant
73:Exclusionary rule
1983:
1832:Right to housing
1766:Economic, social
1713:Right to protest
1708:Right to privacy
1547:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
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1404:
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1401:
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1356:. 31 August 2010
1346:
1340:
1339:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1300:. Archived from
1287:
1281:
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1225:
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1021:
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1000:
975:
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958:
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941:
796:right to counsel
694:right to counsel
569:prisoners of war
459:
452:
445:
431:
423:
415:
410:
402:
394:
375:
374:
274:Criminal justice
128:Directed verdict
19:
18:
1991:
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1986:
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1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1966:Types of trials
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1910:Family planning
1895:
1886:
1862:Right of return
1822:Right to health
1770:
1767:
1759:
1723:Right to resist
1673:Right of asylum
1564:
1557:
1551:
1521:
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1510:
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1115:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1001:
978:
966:
962:
953:
951:
943:
942:
938:
933:
925:Judicial review
920:Judicial reform
905:Natural justice
878:Change of venue
874:
852:
805:
757:
740:
708:
683:the right to a
662:
620:
582:
561:
547:double jeopardy
515:
463:
434:
426:
421:Canadian courts
418:
413:
408:Scottish courts
405:
397:
389:
381:
369:
356:
337:Civil procedure
323:
244:Post-sentencing
239:
208:
182:
132:
97:
83:Double jeopardy
17:
12:
11:
5:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1877:Right to water
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Right of reply
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
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1779:
1777:Digital rights
1773:
1771:
1764:
1761:
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1758:
1757:
1752:
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1750:
1740:
1735:
1733:Right to truth
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1455:
1443:justice.gov.uk
1430:
1405:
1379:
1367:
1341:
1334:
1314:
1282:
1275:
1255:
1236:(2): 246–253.
1220:
1193:
1186:
1163:
1138:
1135:on 2008-07-05.
1120:
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1086:
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829:Birmingham Six
804:
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756:
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739:
736:
707:
704:
700:
699:
696:
690:
687:
685:public hearing
681:
661:
658:
650:Speedy justice
619:
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581:
578:
560:
557:
521:, such as the
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377:Law portal
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1897:reproductive
1792:Labor rights
1768:and cultural
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1678:Right to die
1555:human rights
1553:Substantive
1511:20 September
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1505:
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347:Criminal law
269:Life licence
220:Imprisonment
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1925:LGBT rights
1658:Nationality
1648:LGBT rights
1157:EJIL: Talk!
279:Exoneration
1950:Categories
1663:Personhood
1308:2016-03-26
1209:: 105953.
954:2022-01-05
931:References
915:Law reform
507:jury trial
471:fair trial
299:Recidivism
173:Guidelines
138:Sentencing
123:Not proven
113:Conviction
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1643:Legal aid
1360:17 August
1250:0032-3179
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784:civilians
767:2001 the
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392:US courts
258:Probation
168:Discharge
158:Custodial
153:Suspended
148:Mandatory
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48:Pre-trial
1905:Abortion
1743:Suffrage
1392:BBC News
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746:and the
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186:Totality
163:Periodic
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487:Sixth
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178:Guilt
1513:2015
1488:2015
1450:2015
1425:2015
1400:2018
1362:2019
1330:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1246:ISSN
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