1472:
314:
4404:
2921:
2649:
4394:
2659:
2932:
1453:
33:
866:
Swinburne moves in his writing program from the philosophical to the theological, building his case and relying on his previous arguments as he defends particular
Christian beliefs. He has attempted to reassert classical Christian beliefs with an apologetic method that he believes is compatible with
776:
writes that his "tetralogy on
Christian doctrine, together with his earlier trilogy on the philosophy of theism, is one of the most important apologetic projects of recent times." While Swinburne presents many arguments to advance the belief that God exists, he argues that God is a being whose
1290:
Schellenberg, J. L. (2016). "Working with
Swinburne: Belief, Value, and Religious Life". In Bergmann, Michael; Brower, Jeffrey E. (eds.). Reason and Faith: Themes from Richard Swinburne. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 26â45. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732648.003.0002. ISBN
1483:
851:. He admits that he draws from Aquinas a systematic approach to philosophical theology. Swinburne, like Aquinas, moves from basic philosophical issues (for example, the question of the possibility that God may exist in Swinburne's
843:: that the Church has to have its authority dating back to the Apostles, and the general teaching of the Orthodox Church on the saints and the prayers for the departed and so on, these things I have always believed.
1280:
Chartier, Gary (2013). "Richard
Swinburne". In Markham, Ian S. (ed.). The Student's Companion to the Theologians. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 522â526. doi:10.1002/9781118427170.ch75. ISBN
1232:
Hasker, William (2002). "Is
Christianity Probable? Swinburne's Apologetic Programme". Religious Studies. 38 (3): 253â264. doi:10.1017/S0034412502006078. ISSN 1469-901X. JSTOR 20008419. S2CID 170888913.
4523:
812:
Although he is best known for his vigorous defence of
Christian intellectual commitments, he also has a theory of the nature of passionate faith which is developed in his book
1519:
690:
513:
4488:
704:
Swinburne has been an active author throughout his career, producing a major book every two to three years. He has played a role in the recent debate over the
723:
His books are primarily very technical works of academic philosophy, but he has written at the popular level as well. Of the non-technical works, his
3320:
2968:
942:
1251:
4538:
2695:
1576:
1611:
4508:
4463:
4548:
663:
4448:
4438:
877:
conducted an oral history interview (C1672/15) with
Richard Swinburne in 2015â2016 for its Science and Religion collection held by the
745:
4528:
4513:
4468:
4453:
4443:
4367:
1364:
Expecting the
Christian Revelation: An Analysis and Critique of Richard Swinburne's Philosophical Defense of Propositional Revelation
4533:
4378:
4518:
642:. His mother was a secretary, the daughter of an optician. He is an only child. Swinburne attended a preparatory school and then
772:, arguing in his many articles and books that faith in Christianity is rational and coherent in a rigorous philosophical sense.
4503:
4458:
3361:
749:
4543:
2924:
2662:
1818:
1434:
1327:
1068:
1002:
2961:
1190:
Ozioko, Johnson
Uchenna (2019). Rationality of the Christian Faith in Richard Swinburne. Rome: Urbaniana University Press.
638:, England, on 26 December 1934. His father was a school music teacher, who was himself the son of an off-licence owner in
4493:
2905:
2688:
1210:
670:
3253:
3236:
1859:
1778:
1457:
1049:
744:
from the
Literary and Historical Society of University College Dublin. Also, he was awarded honorary doctorates by the
730:
520:
1221:
585:
3780:
1604:
994:
938:
918:
4407:
4065:
3978:
2954:
733:
and plausibility in the belief of that existence, is probably the most popular and is available in 22 languages.
600:. He aroused much discussion with his early work in the philosophy of religion, a trilogy of books consisting of
3177:
4473:
2681:
2589:
673:. Swinburne has held various professorships throughout his career in academia. From 1972 to 1985, he taught at
4483:
4478:
4357:
4190:
3983:
3842:
3693:
2283:
1763:
537:
4332:
2879:
2652:
2164:
2086:
1803:
1597:
1487:
806:
802:
282:
3744:
3701:
3231:
3221:
2900:
908:
606:
362:
1259:
3706:
3371:
3336:
3132:
1864:
1758:
267:
3925:
3386:
2466:
2243:
1656:
1512:
1199:
462:
4043:
3973:
3794:
3559:
3488:
3483:
3182:
2935:
2824:
2036:
1492:
4240:
3955:
3895:
3887:
3584:
3579:
3366:
3351:
3216:
2318:
798:
765:
753:
4433:
3837:
3656:
3273:
3268:
2977:
1902:
1874:
1849:
1651:
1548:
752:
in Bucharest (2016), the International Academy of Philosophy in Liechtenstein (2017), and
682:
659:
593:
171:
166:
86:
4372:
4327:
4265:
4255:
3594:
3458:
3303:
3293:
3278:
3226:
2728:
2704:
2545:
2501:
2000:
1813:
1661:
1414:
874:
705:
597:
249:
212:
176:
4428:
4362:
3807:
3739:
3682:
3666:
3651:
3631:
3589:
3463:
3308:
3298:
3283:
3248:
3243:
3211:
2864:
2814:
1723:
840:
694:
581:
357:
4005:
8:
4347:
4048:
3920:
3799:
3468:
3391:
3381:
3258:
3142:
3137:
2849:
2367:
2298:
2076:
1907:
1889:
1853:
1773:
1728:
1718:
1620:
1478:
769:
643:
472:
207:
189:
1127:
4337:
4295:
4205:
4170:
3945:
3910:
3812:
3754:
3716:
3711:
3547:
3537:
3341:
3313:
3263:
3054:
3014:
2859:
2839:
2540:
2258:
2215:
2184:
2174:
2134:
1992:
1972:
1833:
1793:
1788:
1713:
1471:
1162:
824:
619:
432:
387:
367:
313:
262:
231:
202:
4100:
4053:
2625:
4498:
4397:
4393:
4275:
3930:
3877:
3857:
3759:
3749:
3676:
3505:
3495:
3288:
3076:
2996:
2819:
2759:
2743:
2733:
2718:
2354:
2344:
2278:
2094:
1828:
1733:
1430:
1373:
God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytic Defense of Theism
1323:
1091:, Kelly James Clark, ed. (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1993), pp. 179â202.
1064:
1045:
998:
990:
934:
914:
832:
828:
790:
741:
709:
615:
506:
467:
392:
377:
326:
3900:
2779:
2377:
839:
I don't think I changed my beliefs in any significant way. I always believed in the
713:
109:
4300:
4163:
4133:
4123:
4118:
4015:
4000:
3646:
3542:
3376:
3196:
3167:
3106:
3044:
2784:
2764:
2738:
2723:
2430:
2407:
2397:
2220:
2169:
2066:
1922:
1543:
1422:
1400:
1392:
985:
725:
678:
674:
666:
544:
4307:
4290:
4245:
4235:
4180:
4153:
4090:
4085:
4070:
3995:
3731:
3721:
3356:
3346:
3147:
3024:
2844:
2769:
2581:
2561:
2535:
2509:
2402:
2392:
2372:
2104:
2071:
1962:
1947:
1798:
1783:
1703:
1682:
1380:
1366:(PhD dissertation). Fort Worth, Texas: Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
878:
868:
737:
482:
477:
412:
352:
4280:
4270:
4210:
4158:
4095:
3990:
3915:
3872:
3852:
3641:
3517:
3478:
3172:
3162:
3157:
3081:
2829:
2809:
2804:
2609:
2491:
2362:
2293:
2288:
2253:
2154:
2051:
2020:
2005:
1967:
1957:
1912:
1687:
848:
773:
437:
114:
1396:
4422:
4250:
4175:
4058:
4038:
3950:
3905:
3116:
2874:
2794:
2630:
2599:
2486:
2481:
2451:
2417:
2387:
2382:
2313:
2308:
2238:
2230:
2207:
2114:
2061:
1952:
1917:
1879:
1808:
1708:
1677:
1558:
1426:
855:), to more specific Christian beliefs (for example, the claim in Swinburne's
794:
635:
119:
2594:
2461:
4195:
4185:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4020:
3935:
3867:
3764:
3428:
3152:
3101:
2895:
2834:
2789:
2519:
2435:
2303:
2248:
2197:
2144:
2139:
2099:
2046:
2015:
2010:
1982:
1942:
1869:
1753:
1646:
1531:
860:
698:
407:
584:. Over the last 50 years, Swinburne has been a proponent of philosophical
4215:
4200:
4080:
4075:
3621:
3554:
3473:
3438:
3418:
3086:
2946:
2869:
2774:
2604:
2571:
2566:
2514:
2476:
2471:
2456:
2425:
2339:
2149:
2119:
2109:
2056:
2041:
1977:
1641:
871:, seeking to show that his Christian beliefs fit best with the evidence.
778:
577:
492:
272:
124:
3007:
1419:
Divine Discourse: Philosophical Reflections on the Claim that God Speaks
1166:
4143:
3940:
3862:
3847:
3636:
3606:
3569:
3527:
3522:
3453:
3091:
2799:
2323:
2192:
2129:
2124:
1823:
1405:
1084:, Rico Vitz, ed. (St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2012), pp. 47â78.
1082:
Turning East: Contemporary Philosophers and the Ancient Christian Faith
782:
639:
589:
452:
402:
397:
277:
145:
81:
1589:
4285:
4010:
3832:
3661:
3626:
3611:
3574:
2991:
1897:
1768:
1337:
1315:
1017:
978:
968:
958:
631:
447:
382:
372:
236:
104:
63:
2673:
1475:â Includes a curriculum vitae and more complete list of publications
1179:
4352:
4342:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3769:
3616:
3532:
3500:
3413:
3405:
3096:
3071:
3039:
3034:
655:
457:
442:
336:
150:
1465:
1320:
An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent
300:
3601:
3512:
3433:
3423:
3066:
3019:
1383:(2017). "Swinburne's apologetic strategy for theism evaluated".
3671:
3564:
3443:
1452:
701:). He has continued to publish regularly since his retirement.
4524:
Nolloth Professors of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion
1087:
Richard Swinburne, "The Vocation of a Natural Theologian," in
729:(1996), summarising for a non-specialist audience many of his
3448:
3001:
1153:
Robinson, Howard (2021). "The Revival of Substance Dualism".
859:
that God has communicated to human beings propositionally in
691:
Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion
99:
1391:(Special Issue 3: In Honour of Richard Swinburne): 307â320.
927:, 1981 (new edition 2005). (part 3 of his trilogy on Theism)
565:
32:
3029:
905:, 1977 (new edition 2016) (part 1 of his trilogy on Theism)
847:
Swinburne's philosophical method reflects the influence of
1222:
New Georgian University honors Professor Richard Swinburne
3111:
556:
1080:
Richard Swinburne, "Natural Theology and Orthodoxy," in
1355:
Rationality of the Christian Faith in Richard Swinburne
1200:
The British Academy for Humanities and Social Sciences.
793:(in which he espouses a view based on the concept of a
1241:
Swinburne, Richard (2013). Mind, Brain, and Free Will.
1211:
Professor Richard Swinburne - Doctor honoris causa KUL
1252:"ĐĐĐĐĐąĐĐйХйĐĐĐĐĐĐ ĐĐ ĐĐĐĐĐšĐĐĐĐ Đ ĐĄĐĐ ĐŹĐĐĐĐĐĐŁ Đ ĐĐĐĐĐĐĐ ĐŁ"
568:
559:
553:
550:
1180:
Richard Swinburne - short intellectual autobiography
867:
contemporary science. That method relies heavily on
562:
1318:(1989). "The Religious Ambiguity of the Universe".
789:. Other subjects on which Swinburne writes include
580:. He is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the
547:
1421:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1322:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1310:. Exeter, England: Paternoster. pp. 180â184.
689:. From 1985 until his retirement in 2002, he was
4420:
1344:(1993). "Salvation Through the Blood of Jesus".
1152:
654:Swinburne received an open scholarship to study
4489:Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Anglicanism
2962:
2689:
1605:
819:According to an interview Swinburne did with
514:
1413:
1074:
768:, Swinburne is noted as one of the foremost
1494:The Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies
16:English philosopher and Christian apologist
2976:
2969:
2955:
2696:
2682:
1612:
1598:
1470:
777:existence is not logically necessary (see
521:
507:
312:
4368:Relationship between religion and science
1404:
685:from 1982 to 1984, resulting in the book
1379:
759:
677:. During part of this time, he gave the
1888:
1619:
1566:Professional and academic associations
1370:
736:In 1992 he was elected a Fellow of the
576:; born 26 December 1934) is an English
4539:People educated at Charterhouse School
4421:
3294:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
1496:video interview with Richard Swinburne
1352:
750:Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University
614:. He has been influential in reviving
2950:
2703:
2677:
1593:
1361:
1305:
785:necessary in a way he defines in his
2931:
1522:Philosophy of the Christian Religion
1336:
1314:
754:New Georgian University in Poti
4509:English Eastern Orthodox Christians
4464:Academics of the University of Hull
1484:Richard Swinburne, Faith and Reason
1357:. Rome: Urbaniana University Press.
921:) (part 2 of his trilogy on Theism)
671:philosophy, politics, and economics
592:contributions are primarily in the
13:
4549:Writers about religion and science
1298:
1014:Providence and the Problem of Evil
731:arguments for the existence of God
649:
586:arguments for the existence of God
14:
4560:
4449:21st-century English philosophers
4439:20th-century English philosophers
1445:
1030:The Resurrection of God Incarnate
697:(his successor to this chair was
4529:British philosophers of religion
4514:Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
4469:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
4454:21st-century English theologians
4444:20th-century English theologians
4403:
4402:
4392:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2657:
2648:
2647:
1479:Presentation at Gifford lectures
1451:
1375:. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus.
1353:Ozioko, Johnson Uchenna (2019).
1132:Faculty of Theology and Religion
543:
31:
4534:British philosophers of science
1284:
1274:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1008:Simplicity as Evidence of Truth
801:. He has written in defence of
662:, but in fact graduated with a
4519:Fellows of the British Academy
1860:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
1579:for the Philosophy of Religion
1308:Miracles and the Critical Mind
1215:
1204:
1193:
1184:
1173:
1146:
1134:. Oxford: University of Oxford
1120:
1111:
1102:
884:
1:
4504:Eastern Orthodox philosophers
4459:Academics of Keele University
1346:The Metaphor of God Incarnate
1095:
746:Catholic University of Lublin
625:
4544:British philosophers of mind
4333:Desacralization of knowledge
1258:(in Russian). Archived from
1042:Free Will and Modern Science
955:Responsibility and Atonement
823:magazine, he converted from
7:
3745:Best of all possible worlds
3702:Eschatological verification
3259:Fine-tuning of the universe
2901:Dualism (Indian philosophy)
1010:, The Aquinas Lecture, 1997
716:in important respects (see
534:Richard Granville Swinburne
363:Best of all possible worlds
47:Richard Granville Swinburne
10:
4565:
4494:British critics of atheism
1759:Causal theory of reference
1371:Parsons, Keith M. (1989).
1117:Schellenberg (2016), p. 26
1055:Mind, Brain, and Free Will
913:, 1979 (new edition 2004,
4388:
4320:
4224:
4109:
4029:
3964:
3886:
3793:
3778:
3730:
3692:
3404:
3329:
3204:
3195:
3125:
3062:
3053:
2984:
2914:
2888:
2752:
2711:
2643:
2618:
2580:
2554:
2528:
2500:
2444:
2416:
2353:
2332:
2271:
2229:
2206:
2183:
2085:
2029:
1991:
1935:
1842:
1746:
1696:
1670:
1634:
1627:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1541:
1538:
1528:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1397:10.1017/S0034412517000245
1075:Spiritual autobiographies
997:; revised edition, 2010,
931:The Evolution of the Soul
718:The Evolution of the Soul
712:that recalls the work of
687:The Evolution of the Soul
295:
291:
255:
245:
221:
195:
185:
159:
138:
133:
92:
80:
75:
71:
42:
30:
23:
3974:Friedrich Schleiermacher
3560:Theories about religions
3362:Inconsistent revelations
1819:Scientific structuralism
1520:Nolloth Professor of the
1427:10.1017/CBO9780511598074
1089:Philosophers Who Believe
1362:Parks, D. Mark (1995).
1061:Are We Bodies or Souls?
1024:Epistemic Justification
1020:on Christian Doctrines)
981:on Christian Doctrines)
971:on Christian Doctrines)
961:on Christian Doctrines)
903:The Coherence of Theism
853:The Coherence of Theism
799:epistemic justification
740:. He is a recipient of
602:The Coherence of Theism
232:J. L. Schellenberg
3838:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
2978:Philosophy of religion
1875:Reflective equilibrium
1549:University of Aberdeen
1415:Wolterstorff, Nicholas
1016:, 1998 (part 4 of his
977:, 1994 (part 3 of his
967:, 1991 (part 2 of his
957:, 1989 (part 1 of his
897:The Concept of Miracle
845:
660:Exeter College, Oxford
630:Swinburne was born in
594:philosophy of religion
172:philosophy of religion
167:Philosophical theology
87:Exeter College, Oxford
4474:Analytic philosophers
4373:Faith and rationality
4328:Criticism of religion
4266:Robert Merrihew Adams
4256:Nicholas Wolterstorff
3459:Divine command theory
2729:Non-Cartesian dualism
2546:Nicholas Wolterstorff
2001:David Malet Armstrong
1306:Brown, Colin (1984).
1155:Roczniki Filozoficzne
1128:"Professor Mark Wynn"
1108:Kai-man (2011), p. ix
875:National Life Stories
837:
807:libertarian free will
760:Christian apologetics
598:philosophy of science
250:Christian apologetics
213:Oriel College, Oxford
177:philosophy of science
4484:Christian apologists
4479:Analytic theologians
4363:Religious philosophy
3843:Pico della Mirandola
3808:Anselm of Canterbury
3740:Augustinian theodicy
3652:Religious skepticism
2985:Concepts in religion
2865:William Homan Thorpe
2815:Edward Francis Kelly
1460:at Wikimedia Commons
1348:. London: SCM Press.
910:The Existence of God
841:Apostolic succession
770:Christian apologists
695:University of Oxford
607:The Existence of God
582:University of Oxford
358:Augustinian theodicy
4348:History of religion
4049:Friedrich Nietzsche
3926:Gottfried W Leibniz
3921:Nicolas Malebranche
3853:King James VI and I
3133:Abrahamic religions
2850:Jeffrey M. Schwartz
2368:Patricia Churchland
2299:Christine Korsgaard
2185:Logical positivists
2077:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1854:paradox of analysis
1621:Analytic philosophy
1262:on 22 February 2014
943:1997 edition online
644:Charterhouse School
208:University of Keele
190:Analytic philosophy
186:School or tradition
76:Academic background
4358:Religious language
4338:Ethics in religion
4296:William Lane Craig
4171:Charles Hartshorne
3911:Desiderius Erasmus
3813:Augustine of Hippo
3755:Inconsistent triad
3717:Apophatic theology
3712:Logical positivism
3694:Religious language
3314:Watchmaker analogy
3279:Necessary existent
3055:Conceptions of God
3015:Intelligent design
2860:Charles Taliaferro
2840:Daniel N. Robinson
2541:William Lane Craig
2259:Friedrich Waismann
2216:Carl Gustav Hempel
2175:Timothy Williamson
2135:Alasdair MacIntyre
1993:Australian realism
1973:Russ Shafer-Landau
1834:Analytical Thomism
1789:Logical positivism
1584:Succeeded by
1291:978-0-19-873264-8.
1281:978-1-118-42717-0.
620:philosophy of mind
388:Inconsistent triad
368:Divine retribution
263:William Lane Craig
203:University of Hull
4416:
4415:
4316:
4315:
4276:Peter van Inwagen
4261:Richard Swinburne
4206:George I Mavrodes
4066:Vladimir Solovyov
4006:SĂžren Kierkegaard
3931:William Wollaston
3878:William of Ockham
3858:Marcion of Sinope
3760:Irenaean theodicy
3750:Euthyphro dilemma
3677:Transcendentalism
3506:Womanist theology
3496:Feminist theology
3400:
3399:
3191:
3190:
3077:Divine simplicity
2997:Euthyphro dilemma
2944:
2943:
2855:Richard Swinburne
2820:Charles Landesman
2760:Robert F. Almeder
2744:Substance dualism
2734:Predicate dualism
2719:Cartesian dualism
2705:Mindâbody dualism
2671:
2670:
2639:
2638:
2355:Pittsburgh School
2345:Peter van Inwagen
2279:Roderick Chisholm
2267:
2266:
2160:Richard Swinburne
2095:G. E. M. Anscombe
1931:
1930:
1829:Analytic theology
1804:Ordinary language
1742:
1741:
1588:
1587:
1575:President of the
1571:Preceded by
1556:Succeeded by
1539:Preceded by
1529:Succeeded by
1505:Academic offices
1458:Richard Swinburne
1456:Media related to
1436:978-0-511-59807-4
1385:Religious Studies
1329:978-0-230-37128-6
1069:978-0-19-883149-5
1003:978-0-19-958043-9
975:The Christian God
833:Eastern Orthodoxy
829:Church of England
803:Cartesian dualism
791:personal identity
787:The Christian God
742:James Joyce Award
710:substance dualism
706:mindâbody problem
616:substance dualism
531:
530:
393:Irenaean theodicy
378:Epicurean paradox
320:
319:
222:Doctoral students
37:Swinburne in 2009
25:Richard Swinburne
4556:
4406:
4405:
4396:
4301:Ali Akbar Rashad
4164:Reinhold Niebuhr
4124:Bertrand Russell
4119:George Santayana
4016:Albrecht Ritschl
4001:Ludwig Feuerbach
3791:
3790:
3787:(by date active)
3647:Process theology
3392:Russell's teapot
3202:
3201:
3197:Existence of God
3107:Process theology
3060:
3059:
3045:Theological veto
3008:religious belief
2971:
2964:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2785:C. Stephen Evans
2765:Mario Beauregard
2739:Property dualism
2724:Emergent dualism
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2590:Nancy Cartwright
2431:Nicholas Rescher
2408:Bas van Fraassen
2398:Nicholas Rescher
2221:Hans Reichenbach
2204:
2203:
2170:Bernard Williams
2067:Bertrand Russell
1989:
1988:
1923:Rigid designator
1886:
1885:
1632:
1631:
1628:Related articles
1614:
1607:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1544:Gifford Lecturer
1510:Preceded by
1502:
1501:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1466:Official website
1455:
1440:
1410:
1408:
1381:Philipse, Herman
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1311:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
925:Faith and Reason
814:Faith and Reason
764:A member of the
679:Gifford lectures
675:Keele University
667:Bachelor of Arts
618:as an option in
612:Faith and Reason
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
540:
523:
516:
509:
322:
321:
316:
311:
308:
306:
304:
302:
60:
57:26 December 1934
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4384:
4312:
4308:Alexander Pruss
4291:Jean-Luc Marion
4246:Alvin Plantinga
4241:Dewi Z Phillips
4228:
4226:
4220:
4191:Walter Kaufmann
4181:Frithjof Schuon
4154:Rudolf Bultmann
4111:
4105:
4101:Joseph Maréchal
4091:Pavel Florensky
4086:Sergei Bulgakov
4071:Ernst Troeltsch
4054:Harald HĂžffding
4031:
4025:
3996:William Whewell
3984:Georg W F Hegel
3979:Karl C F Krause
3966:
3960:
3956:Johann G Herder
3946:Baron d'Holbach
3896:Augustin Calmet
3882:
3798:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3774:
3732:Problem of evil
3726:
3722:Verificationism
3688:
3396:
3342:Atheist's Wager
3325:
3187:
3121:
3049:
3025:Problem of evil
2980:
2975:
2945:
2940:
2910:
2884:
2845:Howard Robinson
2770:Frank B. Dilley
2748:
2707:
2702:
2672:
2667:
2658:
2635:
2626:Jan Ćukasiewicz
2614:
2582:Stanford School
2576:
2562:Paul Feyerabend
2550:
2536:Alvin Plantinga
2524:
2510:James F. Conant
2496:
2440:
2412:
2403:Wilfrid Sellars
2393:Alexander Pruss
2373:Paul Churchland
2349:
2328:
2284:Donald Davidson
2263:
2225:
2202:
2179:
2105:Michael Dummett
2081:
2072:Frank P. Ramsey
2025:
1987:
1963:Jaakko Hintikka
1948:Keith Donnellan
1927:
1884:
1838:
1799:Neurophilosophy
1784:Logical atomism
1738:
1692:
1666:
1623:
1618:
1578:
1577:British Society
1561:
1552:
1547:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1464:
1463:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1339:
1330:
1301:
1299:Further reading
1296:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1077:
986:Is There a God?
887:
879:British Library
869:inductive logic
766:Orthodox Church
762:
738:British Academy
726:Is There a God?
652:
650:Academic career
628:
546:
542:
536:
527:
498:
497:
433:Saint Augustine
428:
427:
426:Notable figures
418:
417:
413:Problem of evil
353:Absence of good
348:
347:
299:
287:
241:
217:
181:
155:
129:
67:
61:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4562:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4321:Related topics
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4281:Daniel Dennett
4278:
4273:
4271:Ravi Zacharias
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4236:William L Rowe
4232:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4211:William Alston
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4159:Gabriel Marcel
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4096:Ernst Cassirer
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3991:Thomas Carlyle
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3916:Baruch Spinoza
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:René Descartes
3898:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3873:Thomas Aquinas
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3788:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:Possibilianism
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3518:Fundamentalism
3515:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3479:Existentialism
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Noncognitivism
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3321:Transcendental
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Pascal's wager
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3219:
3217:Christological
3214:
3208:
3206:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2906:Interactionism
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2880:Dean Zimmerman
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:J. P. Moreland
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Michael Huemer
2807:
2805:William Hasker
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:René Descartes
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2610:Patrick Suppes
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2492:Michael Walzer
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2378:Adolf GrĂŒnbaum
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:Robert Brandom
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2319:W. V. O. Quine
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Nelson Goodman
2291:
2289:Daniel Dennett
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2254:Moritz Schlick
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Charles Taylor
2162:
2157:
2155:P. F. Strawson
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Norman Malcolm
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2021:J. J. C. Smart
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:David Chalmers
2003:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Giuseppe Peano
1965:
1960:
1958:Edmund Gettier
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Possible world
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Counterfactual
1862:
1857:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:Paraconsistent
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1635:Areas of focus
1629:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1516:
1513:Basil Mitchell
1511:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1476:
1461:
1447:
1446:External links
1444:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1411:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1334:
1328:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1183:
1172:
1145:
1119:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1050:978-0197264898
1039:
1036:Was Jesus God?
1033:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1005:
982:
972:
962:
952:
946:
928:
922:
906:
900:
894:
891:Space and Time
886:
883:
849:Thomas Aquinas
783:metaphysically
774:William Hasker
761:
758:
756: (2023).
714:René Descartes
708:, defending a
651:
648:
627:
624:
529:
528:
526:
525:
518:
511:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
458:Saint Irenaeus
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
429:
425:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
349:
345:
344:
343:
340:
339:
333:
332:
318:
317:
297:
293:
292:
289:
288:
286:
285:
283:Dean Zimmerman
280:
275:
270:
265:
259:
257:
253:
252:
247:
246:Main interests
243:
242:
240:
239:
234:
229:
225:
223:
219:
218:
216:
215:
210:
205:
199:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
180:
179:
174:
169:
163:
161:
160:Sub-discipline
157:
156:
154:
153:
148:
142:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
115:Thomas Aquinas
112:
110:René Descartes
107:
102:
96:
94:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
68:
62:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4561:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Living people
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:Anthony Kenny
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Mircea Eliade
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4059:William James
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Ernst Haeckel
4037:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Immanuel Kant
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Blaise Pascal
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Language game
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Occam's razor
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Consciousness
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3117:Unmoved mover
3115:
3113:
3112:Supreme Being
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2937:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Keith Yandell
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Stewart Goetz
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2664:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2632:
2631:Alfred Tarski
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Peter Galison
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:Nathan Salmon
2485:
2483:
2482:Richard Rorty
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Alonzo Church
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Ruth Millikan
2386:
2384:
2383:John McDowell
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Hilary Putnam
2312:
2310:
2309:Robert Nozick
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Rudolf Carnap
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2231:Vienna Circle
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2208:Berlin Circle
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Philippa Foot
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Graham Priest
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Charlie Broad
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Gottlob Frege
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1880:Supervenience
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Functionalism
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Descriptivism
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Philosophical
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Non-classical
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1581:
1580:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1559:Freeman Dyson
1551:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1287:
1277:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:0-19-823545-3
992:
988:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
970:
966:
963:
960:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
940:
939:0-19-823698-0
936:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:0-19-927167-4
916:
912:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
882:
880:
876:
872:
870:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
844:
842:
836:
835:around 1996:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
771:
767:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
665:
661:
657:
647:
645:
641:
637:
636:Staffordshire
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:philosophical
587:
583:
579:
573:
539:
535:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
504:
502:
501:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
422:
421:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
342:
341:
338:
335:
334:
330:
329:
324:
323:
315:
310:
298:
294:
290:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
238:
235:
233:
230:
227:
226:
224:
220:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
162:
158:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
141:
137:
134:Academic work
132:
126:
123:
121:
120:Rudolf Carnap
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
74:
70:
65:
59:(age 89)
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4377:
4260:
4196:Martin Lings
4149:Emil Brunner
4139:Paul Tillich
4129:Martin Buber
4044:W K Clifford
4021:Afrikan Spir
3936:Thomas Chubb
3888:Early modern
3868:Adi Shankara
3781:Philosophers
3765:Natural evil
3681:
3657:Spiritualism
3632:Perennialism
3585:Metaphysical
3429:Antireligion
3304:Teleological
3227:Cosmological
3178:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
3143:Christianity
3102:Personal god
2918:
2896:Cartesianism
2854:
2835:Scott B. Rae
2790:Brie Gertler
2520:Cora Diamond
2436:Morton White
2304:Thomas Nagel
2249:Otto Neurath
2198:Ernest Nagel
2159:
2145:Gilbert Ryle
2140:Derek Parfit
2100:J. L. Austin
2047:Casimir Lewy
2016:Peter Singer
2011:J. L. Mackie
1983:Barry Stroud
1943:Noam Chomsky
1936:Philosophers
1870:Natural kind
1754:Anti-realism
1714:Mathematical
1688:Performative
1647:Epistemology
1574:
1542:
1532:Brian Leftow
1518:
1498:31 May 2010.
1493:
1486:review from
1418:
1388:
1384:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1319:
1307:
1286:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1217:
1206:
1195:
1186:
1175:
1161:(1): 33â44.
1158:
1154:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1088:
1081:
1060:
1054:
1044:, Ed. 2011,
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1013:
1007:
984:
974:
964:
954:
948:
930:
924:
909:
902:
896:
890:
873:
865:
861:Jesus Christ
856:
852:
846:
838:
820:
818:
813:
811:
786:
763:
735:
724:
722:
717:
703:
699:Brian Leftow
686:
653:
629:
611:
605:
601:
533:
532:
487:
408:Natural evil
346:Key concepts
327:
268:Brian Davies
228:Kai-man Kwan
196:Institutions
18:
4429:1934 births
4216:Antony Flew
4201:Peter Geach
4134:René Guénon
4081:Lev Shestov
4076:Rudolf Otto
3783:of religion
3622:Panentheism
3555:Inclusivism
3474:Exclusivism
3469:Esotericism
3439:Creationism
3419:Agnosticism
3387:Poor design
3382:Omnipotence
3309:Natural law
3284:Ontological
3237:Contingency
3087:Holy Spirit
2870:Peter Unger
2775:John Beloff
2619:Lwow-Warsaw
2605:Ian Hacking
2572:Karl Popper
2567:Thomas Kuhn
2515:Alice Crary
2477:Saul Kripke
2472:Jaegwon Kim
2467:David Lewis
2457:Jerry Fodor
2426:Susan Haack
2340:Robert Audi
2150:John Searle
2120:Peter Geach
2110:Antony Flew
2057:G. E. Moore
1978:Ernest Sosa
1908:Possibility
1657:Mathematics
1642:Metaphysics
1488:Diapsalmata
1406:1874/359877
1266:17 February
885:Major books
825:Anglicanism
779:modal logic
664:first-class
578:philosopher
273:Antony Flew
125:Carl Hempel
4423:Categories
4186:J L Mackie
4144:Karl Barth
3941:David Hume
3863:Maimonides
3848:Heraclitus
3637:Polytheism
3607:Nondualism
3595:Humanistic
3580:Naturalism
3570:Monotheism
3528:Henotheism
3523:Gnosticism
3454:Demonology
3337:747 gambit
3254:Experience
3092:Misotheism
2825:E. J. Lowe
2800:W. D. Hart
2595:John Dupré
2462:Kurt Gödel
2418:Pragmatism
2333:Notre Dame
2324:John Rawls
2193:A. J. Ayer
2130:R. M. Hare
2125:Paul Grice
2037:Arif Ahmed
1824:Sense data
1809:Pragmatism
1683:Linguistic
1553:1982â1984
1526:1985â2003
1316:Hick, John
1096:References
965:Revelation
857:Revelation
669:degree in
640:Shoreditch
626:Early life
403:Moral evil
398:Misotheism
309:/~orie0087
278:Keith Ward
256:Influenced
146:Philosophy
139:Discipline
93:Influences
82:Alma mater
53:1934-12-26
4286:Loyal Rue
4011:Karl Marx
3833:Gaudapada
3662:Shamanism
3627:Pantheism
3612:Nontheism
3590:Religious
3575:Mysticism
3548:Christian
3538:Religious
3489:Atheistic
3484:Christian
3367:Nonbelief
3352:Free will
3168:Mormonism
2992:Afterlife
2445:Princeton
2244:Hans Hahn
2030:Cambridge
1903:Necessity
1898:Actualism
1769:Emotivism
1734:Predicate
1704:Classical
1018:tetralogy
979:tetralogy
969:tetralogy
959:tetralogy
720:, 1997).
632:Smethwick
488:Swinburne
478:Plantinga
473:Nietzsche
383:Free will
373:Dystheism
237:Mark Wynn
105:Aristotle
66:, England
64:Smethwick
4499:Dualists
4408:Category
4353:Religion
4343:Exegesis
3828:Boethius
3823:Averroes
3818:Avicenna
3800:medieval
3770:Theodicy
3617:Pandeism
3533:Humanism
3501:Thealogy
3444:Dharmism
3414:Acosmism
3406:Theology
3274:Morality
3269:Miracles
3148:Hinduism
3138:Buddhism
3097:Pandeism
3072:Demiurge
3040:Theodicy
2925:Category
2753:Dualists
2653:Category
2529:Reformed
2502:Quietism
1890:Modality
1850:Analysis
1843:Concepts
1814:Quietism
1774:Feminism
1747:Theories
1652:Language
1417:(1995).
1167:27031914
1063:, 2019,
989:, 1996,
949:Miracles
933:, 1986,
748:(2015),
683:Aberdeen
656:classics
443:Epicurus
337:Theodicy
328:a series
325:Part of
151:theology
4379:more...
4112:postwar
3795:Ancient
3683:more...
3602:New Age
3543:Secular
3513:Fideism
3464:Dualism
3434:Atheism
3424:Animism
3330:Against
3173:Sikhism
3163:Judaism
3158:Jainism
3067:Brahman
3020:Miracle
2936:Commons
2889:Related
2555:Science
2272:Harvard
1918:Realism
1794:Marxism
1709:Deviant
1678:Aretaic
1662:Science
1138:23 July
899:, 1970,
797:), and
693:at the
468:Maistre
463:Leibniz
296:Website
4398:Portal
3672:Theism
3565:Monism
3299:Reason
3249:Desire
3244:Degree
3212:Beauty
3126:God in
3082:Egoism
3035:Spirit
2087:Oxford
1546:at the
1433:
1342:
1338:
1326:
1165:
1067:
1057:, 2013
1048:
1038:, 2008
1032:, 2003
1026:, 2001
1001:
993:
951:, 1989
937:
917:
893:, 1968
781:) but
610:, and
588:. His
493:Wiesel
438:Ehrman
3667:Taoic
3449:Deism
3232:Kalam
3183:Wicca
3153:Islam
3002:Faith
2712:Types
2663:Index
1697:Logic
1671:Turns
1163:JSTOR
831:) to
301:users
100:Plato
4229:2010
4227:1990
4225:1970
4110:1920
4032:1900
4030:1880
3967:1850
3965:1800
3357:Hell
3347:Evil
3264:Love
3030:Soul
1431:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1268:2012
1256:Foma
1140:2020
1065:ISBN
1046:ISBN
999:ISBN
991:ISBN
935:ISBN
915:ISBN
821:Foma
805:and
795:soul
596:and
483:Rowe
453:Hume
448:Hick
43:Born
3797:and
3205:For
3006:or
1423:doi
1401:hdl
1393:doi
1340:âââ
941:. (
863:).
681:at
658:at
566:ÉËr
538:FBA
307:.uk
305:.ac
303:.ox
4425::
1429:.
1399:.
1389:53
1387:.
1254:.
1159:69
1157:.
1130:.
881:.
816:.
809:.
646:.
634:,
622:.
604:,
331:on
55:)
2970:e
2963:t
2956:v
2697:e
2690:t
2683:v
1856:)
1852:(
1613:e
1606:t
1599:v
1439:.
1425::
1409:.
1403::
1395::
1332:.
1270:.
1169:.
1142:.
945:)
827:(
572:/
569:n
563:b
560:n
557:ÉȘ
554:w
551:s
548:Ë
545:/
541:(
522:e
515:t
508:v
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
