33:
215:, 84, 231–259), one of the most often cited psychology articles published, with over 13,000 citations. This article was the first comprehensive, empirically based argument that a variety of mental processes responsible for preferences, choices, and emotions are inaccessible to conscious awareness. Nisbett and Wilson contended that introspective reports can provide only an account of "what people think about how they think," but not "how they really think." Some cognitive psychologists disputed this claim, with
901:
258:, and refers to the tendency to attribute one's own behaviour to situational factors while attributing other people's behaviour to their disposition. Jones and Nisbett's own explanation for this was that our attention is focused on the situation when we are actors, but on the person when we are observers, although other explanations have been advanced for the actor-observer bias.
242:
wrote that the book was a "hugely important analysis of the determinants of IQ". On the other hand, more critical reviewers such as
Harvard's James J. Lee argued that the book failed to grapple with the strongest evidence for genetic factors in individual and group intelligence differences.
232:(Free Press; 2003) contends that "human cognition is not everywhere the same," that Asians and Westerners "have maintained very different systems of thought for thousands of years," and that these differences are scientifically measurable. Nisbett's book
1742:
238:(2009) argues that environmental factors dominate genetic factors in determining intelligence. The book received extensive favorable attention in the press and from some fellow academics; for example, University of Pennsylvania psychologist
1707:
346:
1717:
234:
1697:
638:
1727:
254:, the phenomenon where people acting and people observing use different explanations for why a behavior occurs. This is an important concept in
340:
1692:
1682:
283:
Nisbett, R. and T. Wilson (1977). "Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes." Psychological Review 84(3): 231–259.
274:
said, "The most influential thinker, in my life, has been the psychologist
Richard Nisbett. He basically gave me my view of the world."
381:
364:
555:
Lee, James J. (2010). "Review of intelligence and how to get it: Why schools and cultures count, R.E. Nisbett, Norton, New York, NY".
994:
1732:
1712:
1722:
1598:
1089:
357:
176:(born June 1, 1941) is an American social psychologist and writer. He is the Theodore M. Newcomb Distinguished Professor of
1687:
689:
1526:
1157:
421:
1152:
350:
313:
101:
207:
Perhaps his most influential publication is "Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes" (with
188:. Nisbett's research interests are in social cognition, culture, social class, and aging. He received his Ph.D. from
600:
1578:
1651:
657:
1573:
1024:
374:
319:
1631:
1603:
1486:
788:
582:
1613:
1235:
1737:
1641:
1636:
1436:
734:
1568:
1560:
1190:
924:
800:
388:
810:
778:
714:
682:
304:
228:
97:
1593:
1200:
1122:
880:
845:
830:
825:
815:
764:
251:
1702:
1608:
1411:
1250:
1127:
1107:
1054:
964:
919:
890:
865:
795:
783:
749:
181:
133:
537:
472:
1588:
1583:
1268:
1210:
1162:
989:
954:
929:
820:
709:
105:
1743:
APA Distinguished
Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology recipients
1677:
1195:
1132:
1034:
944:
774:
759:
661:
8:
1039:
1029:
1014:
979:
974:
959:
939:
934:
805:
744:
675:
648:
339:
Donald T. Campbell Award for
Distinguished Research in Social Psychology, awarded by the
189:
71:
1386:
1220:
1167:
1079:
1074:
1009:
949:
909:
835:
454:
255:
216:
59:
1626:
1531:
1521:
1446:
1421:
1102:
1059:
984:
885:
870:
754:
719:
309:
193:
177:
161:
123:
1656:
1646:
1541:
1536:
1401:
1396:
1296:
1117:
1064:
1019:
1004:
999:
875:
850:
643:
564:
509:
458:
444:
436:
291:
271:
220:
156:
617:
1511:
1476:
1416:
1366:
855:
247:
239:
370:
Wei Lun
Visiting professor of psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
229:
The
Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... And Why
1551:
1471:
1466:
1431:
1406:
1376:
1371:
1356:
1351:
1331:
1326:
1306:
1097:
652:
568:
513:
440:
208:
1671:
1456:
1441:
1426:
1381:
1346:
1311:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1255:
1215:
1147:
1049:
1044:
408:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1461:
1451:
1391:
1361:
1341:
1240:
1137:
840:
724:
201:
633:
32:
1546:
1336:
1321:
1286:
1142:
1069:
769:
500:
Ericsson, K. Anders; Simon, Herbert A. (1980). "Verbal reports as data".
449:
1481:
1316:
1112:
969:
860:
698:
373:
William James Fellow Award for
Distinguished Scientific Achievements,
1516:
1301:
1205:
185:
1230:
1225:
1185:
422:"Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes"
197:
900:
140:
347:
320:
Intelligence and How to Get It: Why
Schools and Cultures Count
235:
Intelligence and How to Get It: Why
Schools and Cultures Count
146:
Taste, deprivation and weight determinants of eating behavior
667:
180:
and co-director of the Culture and Cognition program at the
1245:
1708:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
298:
Culture of Honor: The Psychology of Violence in the South
1718:
People involved in race and intelligence controversies
1698:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
290:. McGraw Hill, 1991. Reissued with new foreword by
409:Deutsche Nationalbibliothek "Nisbett, Richard E."
1669:
634:Nisbett's homepage at the University of Michigan
420:Nisbett, Richard E.; Wilson, Timothy D. (1977).
277:
683:
499:
419:
341:Society for Personality and Social Psychology
196:, whose other students at that time included
1728:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
223:(1980) offering an alternative perspective.
690:
676:
365:Society for Experimental Social Psychology
31:
448:
1670:
618:Brief Biography for Richard E. Nisbett
557:Personality and Individual Differences
363:Distinguished Senior Scientist Award,
671:
620:, University of Michigan faculty page
358:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
261:
639:Nisbett's faculty profile (archived)
535:
1693:21st-century American psychologists
1683:20th-century American psychologists
554:
13:
351:American Psychological Association
327:Mindware: Tools for Smart Thinking
294:and afterword by the authors, 2011
102:American Psychological Association
14:
1754:
627:
16:American psychologist (born 1941)
899:
644:The Edge Annual Question — 2006
611:
601:"Malcolm Gladwell: By the Book"
1733:University of Michigan faculty
1713:People from Littlefield, Texas
697:
593:
575:
548:
529:
520:
493:
465:
413:
402:
375:American Psychological Society
1:
1723:American social psychologists
995:Industrial and organizational
1236:Human factors and ergonomics
536:Holt, Jim (March 27, 2009).
382:National Academy of Sciences
288:The Person and the Situation
278:Books and significant papers
7:
1688:American psychology writers
583:"Actor-observer difference"
10:
1759:
569:10.1016/j.paid.2009.09.015
514:10.1037/0033-295X.87.3.215
441:10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231
387:Oswald-KĂĽlpe-Award of the
286:Ross, L and Nisbett, R.E.
1622:
1559:
1266:
1176:
1088:
925:Applied behavior analysis
908:
897:
733:
705:
333:
167:
155:
139:
129:
119:
112:
93:
85:
77:
67:
42:
30:
23:
651:publications indexed by
395:
305:The Geography of Thought
192:, where his advisor was
98:Donald T. Campbell Award
1201:Behavioral neuroscience
765:Behavioral neuroscience
1251:Psychology of religion
1191:Behavioral engineering
1128:Human subject research
784:Cognitive neuroscience
750:Affective neuroscience
389:University of WĂĽrzburg
300:(Westview Press, 1996)
182:University of Michigan
174:Richard Eugene Nisbett
134:University of Michigan
1627:Wiktionary definition
1163:Self-report inventory
1158:Quantitative research
266:In an interview with
106:Guggenheim Fellowship
1153:Qualitative research
1108:Behavior epigenetics
662:Contemporary Authors
526:Nisbett 2003, p. xvi
502:Psychological Review
429:Psychological Review
213:Psychological Review
1632:Wiktionary category
1196:Behavioral genetics
1168:Statistical surveys
1025:Occupational health
760:Behavioral genetics
308:(Free Press, 2003)
252:actor–observer bias
190:Columbia University
72:Columbia University
1738:Writers from Texas
1604:Schools of thought
1507:Richard E. Nisbett
1387:Donald T. Campbell
1065:Sport and exercise
649:Richard E. Nisbett
607:. October 3, 2013.
605:The New York Times
542:The New York Times
477:scholar.google.com
268:The New York Times
262:In popular culture
256:attribution theory
60:Littlefield, Texas
25:Richard E. Nisbett
1665:
1664:
1642:Wikimedia Commons
1569:Counseling topics
1532:Ronald C. Kessler
1522:Shelley E. Taylor
1447:Lawrence Kohlberg
1422:Stanley Schachter
1221:Consumer behavior
1103:Archival research
871:Psycholinguistics
755:Affective science
194:Stanley Schachter
178:social psychology
171:
170:
162:Stanley Schachter
124:Social psychology
114:Scientific career
1750:
1599:Research methods
1542:Richard Davidson
1537:Joseph E. LeDoux
1412:George A. Miller
1402:David McClelland
1397:Herbert A. Simon
1297:Edward Thorndike
1118:Content analysis
903:
876:Psychophysiology
692:
685:
678:
669:
668:
621:
615:
609:
608:
597:
591:
590:
587:Oxford Reference
579:
573:
572:
552:
546:
545:
533:
527:
524:
518:
517:
497:
491:
490:
485:
483:
473:"Google Scholar"
469:
463:
462:
452:
426:
417:
411:
406:
292:Malcolm Gladwell
272:Malcolm Gladwell
226:Nisbett's book
157:Doctoral advisor
151:
56:
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1618:
1594:Psychotherapies
1555:
1512:Martin Seligman
1477:Daniel Kahneman
1417:Richard Lazarus
1367:Raymond Cattell
1271:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1172:
1084:
911:
904:
895:
856:Neuropsychology
736:
729:
701:
696:
630:
625:
624:
616:
612:
599:
598:
594:
581:
580:
576:
553:
549:
534:
530:
525:
521:
498:
494:
481:
479:
471:
470:
466:
424:
418:
414:
407:
403:
398:
391:, Germany, 2007
380:Elected to the
336:
280:
264:
250:, he named the
248:Edward E. Jones
240:Daniel Osherson
149:
68:Alma mater
63:
57:
54:
48:
46:
38:
37:Nisbett in 2014
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:Roy Baumeister
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Michael Posner
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Elliot Aronson
1469:
1467:Walter Mischel
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Albert Bandura
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:Leon Festinger
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1377:Neal E. Miller
1374:
1372:Abraham Maslow
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:Ernest Hilgard
1354:
1352:Donald O. Hebb
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:J. P. Guilford
1329:
1327:Gordon Allport
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:John B. Watson
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:Animal testing
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
906:
905:
898:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
801:Cross-cultural
798:
793:
792:
791:
781:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
739:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
703:
702:
695:
694:
687:
680:
672:
666:
665:
655:
653:Google Scholar
646:
641:
636:
629:
628:External links
626:
623:
622:
610:
592:
574:
547:
528:
519:
492:
488:Cited by 13531
464:
412:
400:
399:
397:
394:
393:
392:
385:
378:
371:
368:
361:
354:
344:
335:
332:
331:
330:
324:
323:(Norton, 2009)
316:
314:978-0743216463
301:
295:
284:
279:
276:
263:
260:
169:
168:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
110:
109:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
58:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1755:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Living people
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Psychologists
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Organizations
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:John Anderson
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Ulric Neisser
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Endel Tulving
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Robert Zajonc
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Jerome Bruner
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:B. F. Skinner
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Clark L. Hull
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Sigmund Freud
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:William James
1280:
1278:
1277:Wilhelm Wundt
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:Psychologists
1265:
1257:
1256:Psychometrics
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Consciousness
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Psychophysics
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1090:Methodologies
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:Psychotherapy
1048:
1046:
1045:Psychometrics
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
913:
907:
902:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Developmental
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
738:
732:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
704:
700:
693:
688:
686:
681:
679:
674:
673:
670:
663:
659:
656:
654:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
619:
614:
606:
602:
596:
588:
584:
578:
570:
566:
563:(2): 247–55.
562:
558:
551:
543:
539:
532:
523:
515:
511:
508:(3): 215–51.
507:
503:
496:
489:
478:
474:
468:
460:
456:
451:
450:2027.42/92167
446:
442:
438:
435:(3): 231–59.
434:
430:
423:
416:
410:
405:
401:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
355:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
337:
328:
325:
322:
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
306:
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
285:
282:
281:
275:
273:
269:
259:
257:
253:
249:
244:
241:
237:
236:
231:
230:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
61:
55:(age 83)
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1506:
1502:Larry Squire
1497:Bruce McEwen
1492:Amos Tversky
1462:Jerome Kagan
1452:Noam Chomsky
1392:Hans Eysenck
1362:Harry Harlow
1342:Erik Erikson
1241:Intelligence
1138:Neuroimaging
881:Quantitative
846:Mathematical
841:Intelligence
831:Experimental
826:Evolutionary
816:Differential
725:Psychologist
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
560:
556:
550:
541:
531:
522:
505:
501:
495:
487:
482:September 8,
480:. Retrieved
476:
467:
432:
428:
415:
404:
326:
318:
303:
297:
287:
267:
265:
245:
233:
227:
225:
212:
209:T. D. Wilson
206:
202:Judith Rodin
173:
172:
145:
130:Institutions
113:
81:Sarah Isaacs
53:June 1, 1941
18:
1678:1941 births
1574:Disciplines
1547:Susan Fiske
1437:Roger Brown
1337:Carl Rogers
1322:Jean Piaget
1287:Ivan Pavlov
1143:Observation
1123:Experiments
1070:Suicidology
965:Educational
920:Anomalistic
891:Theoretical
866:Personality
796:Comparative
779:Cognitivism
770:Behaviorism
538:"Get Smart"
329:(FSG, 2015)
1672:Categories
1637:Wikisource
1482:Paul Ekman
1317:Kurt Lewin
1211:Competence
1133:Interviews
1113:Case study
990:Humanistic
970:Ergonomics
955:Counseling
930:Assessment
912:psychology
861:Perception
821:Ecological
737:psychology
715:Philosophy
699:Psychology
49:1941-06-01
1657:Wikibooks
1647:Wikiquote
1517:Ed Diener
1302:Carl Jung
1206:Cognition
1035:Political
945:Community
775:Cognitive
658:Biography
186:Ann Arbor
1652:Wikinews
1609:Timeline
1231:Feelings
1226:Emotions
1186:Behavior
1177:Concepts
1055:Religion
1040:Positive
1030:Pastoral
1015:Military
980:Forensic
975:Feminist
960:Critical
950:Consumer
940:Coaching
935:Clinical
910:Applied
806:Cultural
745:Abnormal
356:Fellow,
217:Ericsson
211:, 1977,
198:Lee Ross
104:(1982),
86:Children
1584:Outline
1080:Traffic
1075:Systems
1010:Medical
836:Gestalt
710:History
459:7742203
377:, 1996.
360:, 1992.
353:, 1991.
343:, 1982.
1614:Topics
1060:School
985:Health
886:Social
789:Social
735:Basic
720:Portal
664:(2009)
457:
384:, 2002
367:, 1995
334:Awards
312:
150:(1966)
148:
141:Thesis
120:Fields
108:(2002)
94:Awards
78:Spouse
62:, U.S.
1561:Lists
1020:Music
1005:Media
1000:Legal
851:Moral
455:S2CID
425:(PDF)
396:Notes
246:With
221:Simon
100:from
1246:Mind
484:2019
310:ISBN
219:and
200:and
43:Born
660:in
565:doi
510:doi
445:hdl
437:doi
184:at
1674::
603:.
585:.
561:48
559:.
540:.
506:87
504:.
486:.
475:.
453:.
443:.
433:84
431:.
427:.
349:,
270:,
204:.
51:)
777:/
691:e
684:t
677:v
589:.
571:.
567::
544:.
516:.
512::
461:.
447::
439::
89:2
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.