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of
American education in Hawaii". He created a structured environment that was financially supported by a school tax. With Armstrong at the helm, curriculum was standardized, and the responsibilities of faith-based citizenship became a part of it. The kingdom's teachers were given extended training. Land grants were implemented for additional and improved facilities, and the kingdom began issuing its own textbooks. The public school system accommodated the majority of the students, but Armstrong also chartered private educational institutions.
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was appointed to fill the new position. When
Richards died in 1847, Armstrong was appointed to fill the position. Armstrong held the position until 1855, when he became President of the Board of Education. The educational model he established in the kingdom earned Armstrong the sobriquet "The father
726:
289:. Three more children were born during this assignment. Mary Jane was born June 2, 1836, in Honolulu. Two sons were born in Wailuku, Richard Baxter on August 15, 1837, and Samuel Chapman on January 30, 1839. During his assignment on Maui, Armstrong established churches at
1026:
1329:
1048:
Catalogue of the teachers and pupils of
Punahou school and Oahu College for twenty-five years, ending 1866, with an account of the quarter century celebration held at Punahou June 15th, 1866
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appointed him
Minister of Public Instruction, and his accomplishments established an educational system that earned him the nickname "The father of American education in Hawaii".
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285:. Their second son had been born two days before, on March 15, and was given the name of his brother, William Nevins. In July of that year, the Armstrongs were assigned to
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and his wife, Mary
Elizabeth. The first Armstrong son, William Nevins, was born on Nuku Hiva on January 2, 1834. The Nuku Hiva mission field was abandoned as futile.
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Richard
Armstrong died September 23, 1860, after a riding accident, in which was punctured an artery in his neck. He was buried on the grounds of KawaiahaŹ»o Church.
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provided a letter of recommendation In 1831, when
Armstrong made the decision to join the next contingent of missionaries being sent to Hawaii by the
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368:. She died July 20, 1891, in San Francisco, California. They had 10 children: Caroline Porter Armstrong Beckwith, William Nevins Armstrong I,
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on May 17, 1832, with
Clarissa seven months pregnant. Daughter and first child Caroline Porter was born in Honolulu on July 17.
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207:, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, and in 1786 emigrated to the United States, where he married Eleanor. The family were
316:. On August 26, 1854, he was licensed to perform marriages in Hawaii. Armstrong officiated at the June 19, 1856, wedding of
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Educating the
Disfranchised and Disinherited: Samuel Chapman Armstrong and Hampton Institute, 1839ā1893
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who arrived in Hawaii in 1832. With his wife, Clarissa, he served in mission fields of the
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July 2, 1833, through May 12, 1834, serving alongside two missionary couplesāthe Rev.
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847:– via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
828:– via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
681:– via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
643:– via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
548:– via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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669:. Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. August 31, 1891.
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243:. He received his ordination on October 27, and Armstrong and his new bride
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Engs, Robert
Francis (1999). "Richard Armstrong and His Hawaiian Mission".
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536:. Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. July 2, 1856.
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179:. He established several churches and schools, and was Kahu (shepherd) of
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835:. Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. May 30, 1893. p. 9.
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in KawaiahaŹ»o Church. Additionally, Armstrong served on the government
302:
938:. Port. Of Richard Armstrong. Normal School Stream Press – via
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The board sent the Armstrongs to minister to cannibalistic tribes on
833:"Noted Man Dead: General S. C. Armstrong Passes Away at Hampton, VA"
1696:
859:"Mrs. Ellen A. Weaver, Resident Here Many Years, Passes Away At 80"
252:
67:
993:
211:. Richard was the youngest child of the union. He was educated at
1766:
816:. Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. p. 4.
281:, where the infant William Nevins died March 17, 1835, in
1009:. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated.
331:
372:, Mary Jane Graham Armstrong. Richard Baxter Armstrong,
340:, the position of Minister of Public Instruction of the
1131:
1864:
Deaths by horse-riding accident in the United States
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In 1840, Armstrong was appointed Kahu (shepherd) of
241:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
965:
Sovereign Sugar Industry and Environment in Hawai'i
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688:
953:. Hawaiian Mission Children's Society – via
878:"Funeral Services For Mes. Weaver This Afternoon"
759:. No. October 18, 1920. p. 10, col. 4.
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247:departed with the other missionaries aboard the
1834:People from Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
481:
1044:
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713:
1241:
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1006:Biographical Dictionary of American Educators
1844:American expatriates in the Hawaiian Kingdom
947:Hawaiian Mission Children's Society (1901).
932:Armstrong, Mrs. Mary Frances Morgan (1887).
163:(April 13, 1805 ā September 23, 1860) was a
1879:Protestant missionaries in French Polynesia
1051:. Honolulu, HI: Punahou School – via
789:. August 23, 1871. p. Imae 3, col. 4.
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950:American Protestant Missionaries to Hawaii
364:, Massachusetts, on September 5, 1831, in
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301:, where he also became an 1858 founder of
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908:The Honolulu Advertiser at Newspapers.com
882:The Honolulu Advertiser at Newspapers.com
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863:Honolulu Star-Bulletin at Newspapers.com
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434:Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901
422:Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901
410:Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 1901
151:
1030:. Univ Tennessee Press. pp. 1ā11.
865:. September 30, 1924. p. 1, col. 6
753:"Daughter Of Famous Island Family Dead"
534:"Marriage of His Majesty Kamehameha IV"
230:
1806:
1080:The Biographical Dictionary of America
904:"Obituaries: Miss Amelia H. Armstrong"
884:. October 19, 1924. p. 17, col. 8
702:from the original on February 28, 2014
332:Father of American education in Hawaii
277:The Armstrongs were reassigned to the
223:, in Pennsylvania, and graduated from
1854:Princeton Theological Seminary alumni
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552:
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910:. August 26, 1923. p. 7, col. 2
635:from the original on October 7, 2017
488:National Register of Historic Places
1839:People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
1829:Presbyterian missionaries in Hawaii
839:from the original on March 20, 2018
820:from the original on March 20, 2018
793:from the original on March 20, 2018
763:from the original on March 20, 2018
673:from the original on March 20, 2018
251:on November 26. The ship docked in
201:Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
13:
1824:American Presbyterian missionaries
625:"Death of Rev. R. Armstrong D. D."
573:from the original on July 30, 2010
540:from the original on June 26, 2015
14:
1890:
1083:. Vol. 1. 1906. p. 138.
1060:
667:"General Armstrong's Mother Dead"
599:. State of Hawaii. Archived from
270:and his wife, Mary, and the Rev.
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727:"William Nevin Armstrong Papers"
623:Armstrong (September 29, 1860).
482:Robert M. Kiger (May 27, 1985).
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344:was created. On April 3, 1846,
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225:Princeton Theological Seminary
199:Richard Armstrong was born in
95:Princeton Theological Seminary
1:
1093:: CS1 maint: date and year (
925:
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1869:Burials at KawaiahaŹ»o Church
962:MacLennan, Carol A. (2014).
484:"Haiku Mill nomination form"
7:
1874:People from Wailuku, Hawaii
1859:Accidental deaths in Hawaii
970:University of Hawai'i Press
268:William Patterson Alexander
10:
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812:Armstrong (May 30, 1893).
156:Clarissa Chapman Armstrong
115:Clarissa Chapman Armstrong
49:McEwensville, Pennsylvania
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1433:St. Michael the Archangel
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729:. Yale University Library
696:"Armstrong Family Papers"
328:and the House of Nobles.
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1849:Dickinson College alumni
1702:William Hoapili KaŹ»auwai
1353:Church of the Crossroads
627:Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii:
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374:Samuel Chapman Armstrong
370:William Nevins Armstrong
1398:Makiki Christian Church
1045:Punahou School (1866).
999:, subscription required
490:. National Park Service
366:Bridgeport, Connecticut
353:Personal life and death
183:after the departure of
1256:Christianity in Hawaii
1003:Ohles, John F (1978).
157:
1661:Lucy Goodale Thurston
1501:Sereno Edwards Bishop
272:Benjamin Wyman Parker
155:
1516:Ephraim Weston Clark
1160:Ephraim Weston Clark
787:The Hawaiian Gazette
698:. Williams College.
235:Princeton president
231:Nuku Hiva and Hawaii
1783:Edict of Toleration
1601:Charles McEwen Hyde
1511:Libert H. Boeynaems
1166:Henry Hodges Parker
814:"General Armstrong"
748:Punahou School 1866
714:Punahou School 1866
569:. State of Hawaii.
563:"Richard Armstrong"
400:Eng (1999) pp.2,3,4
303:Haiku Sugar Company
237:Archibald Alexander
1651:John M. Systermans
1271:Anglican Communion
1075:Armstrong, Richard
656:, pp. 101ā102
593:"William Richards"
322:Alexander Liholiho
305:on land he owned.
158:
60:September 23, 1860
1801:
1800:
1712:Alice Kahokuoluna
1680:Native Christians
1476:Richard Armstrong
1358:Our Lady of Peace
1325:Oriental Orthodox
1310:Latter-day Saints
1276:Church of HawaiŹ»i
1223:
1222:
1214:Kenneth Makuakane
1154:Richard Armstrong
1133:KawaiahaŹ»o Church
1089:cite encyclopedia
1037:978-1-57233-051-1
979:978-0-8248-4024-2
935:Richard Armstrong
391:Eng (1999) pp.1,2
342:Kingdom of Hawaii
310:KawaiahaŹ»o Church
264:Marquesas Islands
221:Dickinson College
181:KawaiahaŹ»o Church
177:Kingdom of Hawaii
173:Marquesas Islands
161:Richard Armstrong
150:
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91:Dickinson College
80:KawaiahaŹ»o Church
20:Richard Armstrong
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1776:Related articles
1732:Charles Kekumano
1636:William Richards
1496:Hiram Bingham II
1481:Alexis Bachelot
1346:Historic chapels
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17:
1727:James Kekela
1692:Akaiko Akana
1666:Abner Wilcox
1656:Asa Thurston
1581:P. J. Gulick
1475:
1458:Missionaries
1423:St. Benedict
1172:Akaiko Akana
1153:
1078:
1047:
1025:
1005:
997:Project MUSE
994:available at
963:
949:
934:
912:. Retrieved
907:
898:
886:. Retrieved
881:
867:. Retrieved
862:
853:
843:December 17,
841:. Retrieved
824:December 17,
822:. Retrieved
807:
795:. Retrieved
786:
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765:. Retrieved
756:
743:
731:. Retrieved
721:
704:. Retrieved
677:December 17,
675:. Retrieved
661:
649:
639:December 17,
637:. Retrieved
618:
605:. Retrieved
601:the original
596:
587:
575:. Retrieved
566:
544:December 17,
542:. Retrieved
528:
523:, p. 50
516:
511:, p. 69
504:
494:December 17,
492:. Retrieved
487:
477:
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417:
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234:
209:Presbyterian
198:
169:Pennsylvania
165:Presbyterian
160:
159:
62:(1860-09-23)
1819:1860 deaths
1814:1805 births
1611:David Lyman
1576:J. S. Green
1556:Daniel Dole
1526:A. S. Cooke
1408:MokuŹ»aikaua
1210:(2004ā2018)
1204:(2000ā2001)
1198:(1984ā1997)
1192:(1957ā1984)
1186:(1940ā1957)
1180:(1934ā1940)
1174:(1918ā1933)
1168:(1863ā1918)
1162:(1848ā1863)
1156:(1840ā1848)
1150:(1820ā1840)
750:, p. 5
716:, p. 5
312:to replace
293:, Wailuku,
205:Enniskillen
175:and in the
117:(1805ā1891)
1808:Categories
1752:David Malo
1737:KeÅpÅ«olani
1722:KapiŹ»olani
1631:W. H. Rice
1586:E. O. Hall
1521:Titus Coan
1506:Elias Bond
1428:St. Joseph
1418:St. Andrew
1383:KawaiahaŹ»o
1378:KaŹ»ahumanu
1202:James Fung
1053:HathiTrust
955:HathiTrust
940:HathiTrust
926:References
521:Ohles 1978
318:Emma Rooke
295:Ulupalakua
195:Background
104:Missionary
41:1805-04-13
1448:WÄnanalua
1281:Episcopal
1264:in Hawaii
988:875895012
914:March 20,
888:March 20,
869:March 20,
797:March 20,
767:March 20,
297:, and at
260:Nuku Hiva
227:in 1831.
219:, and at
137:Signature
1767:PuaŹ»aiki
1697:Hewahewa
1368:HÅlualoa
1337:Orthodox
1320:New Hope
1315:Lutheran
837:Archived
818:Archived
791:Archived
761:Archived
700:Archived
671:Archived
633:Archived
571:Archived
538:Archived
253:Honolulu
122:Children
106:Educator
82:cemetery
70:, Hawaii
68:Honolulu
1443:WaiŹ»oli
1393:Makawao
1303:Eastern
1288:Baptist
1216:(2018ā)
362:Russell
336:Under
287:Wailuku
283:Lahaina
262:in the
249:Averick
1438:Waiola
1373:Imiola
1071:
1034:
1013:
986:
976:
783:"Died"
733:May 7,
706:May 7,
607:May 7,
577:May 7,
291:Waihee
111:Spouse
1388:LÄŹ»ie
1363:Haili
1298:Roman
1141:Kahus
380:Notes
299:Haiku
215:, in
1095:link
1032:ISBN
1011:ISBN
984:OCLC
974:ISBN
916:2018
890:2018
871:2018
845:2016
826:2016
799:2018
769:2018
735:2012
708:2012
679:2016
641:2016
609:2012
579:2012
546:2016
496:2016
320:and
129:and
57:Died
51:, US
35:Born
1077:".
1810::
1091:}}
1087:{{
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43:)
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
